Edison Ong Hong Yu Noemi Garg Solomiya Nysak Yongqun "Oliver" He 2019-01-12 ODAE is a biomedical ontology in the area of drug adverse events. It is developed by following OBO Foundry principles (e.g., openness, collaboration). OWL-DL A biomedical ontology in the domain of drug adverse events ODAE: Ontology of Drug Adverse Events Vision Release: 1.0.08 Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label has_RxCUI editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note 1 editor_note editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor term editor term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term alternative term definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes 1 curator_notes curator note curator note curator notes imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from imported from expand expression to expand assertion to OBO foundry unique label elucidation elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) A property created to allow the source NICHD to assign a parent to each concept with the intent of creating a hierarchy that includes only terms in which they are the contributing source. A11 Conceptual Entity Has_NICHD_Parent Has_NICHD_Parent Has_NICHD_Parent true NHC0 code code code The semantic type describes the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network. P106 Conceptual Entity Semantic Type Semantic_Type In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS. Semantic_Type Semantic_Type Provides an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems. P107 Conceptual Entity Display Name Display_Name Display Name Display_Name Display_Name The word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept. P108 Conceptual Entity Preferred Name Preferred_Name Preferred Name Preferred Term Preferred_Name Preferred_Name Concept Unique Identifiers, or CUIs, are concept numbers assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept. P207 Conceptual Entity UMLS CUI UMLS_CUI UMLS_CUI UMLS_CUI This property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake. P322 Conceptual Entity Contributing Source Contributing_Source Contributing_Source Contributing_Source true A retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding. P366 Conceptual Entity Legacy Concept Name Legacy Concept Name Legacy_Concept_Name P371 Conceptual Entity NICHD_Hierarchy_Term NICHD NICHD_Hierarchy_Term NICHD_Hierarchy_Term Design notes are notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept. P98 Conceptual Entity DesignNote DesignNote DesignNote DesignNote YH, JX a chinese translation represents a chinese translation of the existing term. Chinese translation The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'. an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event Yongqun Oliver He, Jiangan Hardy Xie label of adverse event outcome adverse event outcome has_meddra_id An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. Chris Mungall ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y never in taxon An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon. taxonomic class assertion S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. RO:0002174 uberon dubious_for_taxon 1 1 dubious_for_taxon this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost dubious_for_taxon S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S RO:0002175 applicable for taxon uberon present_in_taxon 1 1 present_in_taxon present_in_taxon An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL. logical macro assertion https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelations A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL logical macro assertion on a class A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property logical macro assertion on a property Used to annotate object properties to describe a logical meta-property or characteristic of the object property. logical macro assertion on an object property logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' Chris Mungall is direct form of An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. UBPROP:0000001 uberon external_definition 1 external_definition This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO external_definition A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. UBPROP:0000002 uberon axiom_lost_from_external_ontology 1 axiom_lost_from_external_ontology This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO axiom_lost_from_external_ontology Notes on the homology status of this class. UBPROP:0000003 uberon homology_notes 1 homology_notes This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO homology_notes An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info. UBPROP:0000005 uberon external_comment 1 external_comment This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO external_comment UBPROP:0000006 uberon implements_design_pattern 1 implements_design_pattern implements_design_pattern Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. UBPROP:0000007 uberon has_relational_adjective 1 has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 uberon taxon_notes 1 taxon_notes taxon_notes Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000009 uberon function_notes 1 function_notes function_notes Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000010 uberon structure_notes 1 structure_notes structure_notes Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000011 uberon development_notes 1 development_notes development_notes Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 uberon external_ontology_notes 1 external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000013 uberon terminology_notes 1 terminology_notes terminology_notes UBPROP:0000100 uberon is_count_of 1 is_count_of is count of A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates) UBPROP:0000101 uberon preceding_element_is 1 preceding_element_is preceding element is x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch. gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous. UBPROP:0000103 uberon pharyngeal_arch_number 1 pharyngeal_arch_number pharyngeal arch number x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in ray_number 1, where the distalmost has phalanx_number 2 UBPROP:0000105 uberon phalanx_number 1 phalanx_number Most land mammals including humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula in both the hands (or paws) and feet. Primitive reptiles typically had the formula 2-3-4-4-5, and this pattern, with some modification, remained in many later reptiles and in the mammal-like reptiles. The phalangeal formula in the flippers of cetaceans (marine mammals) is 2-12-8-1 phalanx number FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term UBPROP:0000202 uberon fma_set_term 1 fma_set_term fma_set_term A metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family) ncbi_taxonomy has_rank uberon dc-contributor 1 dc-contributor contributor Source Source has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym Used to associate the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset. Concept_In_Subset in subset in_subset shorthand is defined by label uberon foaf-depicted_by 1 foaf-depicted_by depicted_by C26 CI_ChemClass C30 CI_MoA C22 CI_PE C36 CI_with C52 effect_may_be_inhibited_by C24 has_Ingredient C28 has_MoA C20 has_PE C32 has_PK C40 induces C42 may_diagnose C38 may_prevent C34 may_treat C50 site_of_metabolism is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime part_of BFO:0000050 uberon part_of part_of part of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 uberon in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 uberon in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of a preceded_by relation that indicates that one process (e.g., an adverse event) is causally preceded by (induced by) another process (e.g., a medical intervention) and there is a causal relation between these two processes. This relation indicates the existence of a causal chain, meaning many processes may occur in between these two processes. Yongqun He induced by induced_by OH, SN An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE. drug associated with AE An object property that represents a relation between a human and a disease. OH, SN has disease An object property that represents a relation between a patient and a drug that is used to treat the patient. OH, SN treated with drug An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in an adult patient. Oliver He drug associated with AE in adult An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in a senior patient. Oliver He drug associated with AE in senior An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in a pediatric patient. Oliver He drug associated with AE in pediatric An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in a newborn patient. Oliver He drug associated with AE in newborn An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in an adolescent patient. Oliver He drug associated with AE in adolescent An object property that represents a relation between a material entity (e.g., drug) and a disease that is treated by the material entity. OH, SN used to treat disease A shortcut object property that represents an adverse event and a disease in an adult patient where the adult patient with the disease has an adverse event after a medical intervention. Oliver He occurs in adult having disease A shortcut object property that represents an adverse event and a disease in a patient where the patient with the disease has an adverse event after a medical intervention. Oliver He occurs in patient having disease A shortcut object property that represents a process (e.g., adverse event) and a drug where the process occurs in a patient treated with the drug. Oliver He occurs in patient treated with drug A shortcut object property that represents a drug and human where the drug associated adverse event (AE) occurs in the human patient. Oliver He drug AE occurs in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role David Osumi-Sutherland <= Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002082 coincides_with is_equal_to uberon simultaneous_with simultaneous_with t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with simultaneous_with David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps RO:0002158 uberon homologous_to homologous_to homologous_to RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from develops_from RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops_into Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to RO:0002258 uberon developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by developmentally preceded by A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to RO:0002507 uberon has_material_contribution_from has_material_contribution_from has material contribution from X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. uberon in_central_side_of in_central_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern . uberon transitively_anteriorly_connected_to transitively anteriorly connected to uberon transitively_connected_to transitively_connected to . uberon transitively_distally_connected_to transitively distally connected to . uberon transitively_proximally_connected_to transitively proximally connected to Ingredient Ingredient Strength Packaged Product VA Class VA Product Active Inactive has age in year NDF-RT:N0000000001 Pharmaceutical Preparations N0000000001 3683 C0013227 C176 Pharmaceutical Preparations NDF-RT:N0000000002 Chemical Ingredients N0000000002 991181 C178 Chemical Ingredients [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000000003 Clinical Kinetics N0000000003 1030853 C1373163 C180 Clinical Kinetics [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000004 Diseases, Manifestations or Physiologic States N0000000004 989348 C1373233 C182 Diseases, Manifestations or Physiologic States [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000006 Mental Disorders and Manifestations N0000000006 984721 C2916796 C190 Mental Disorders and Manifestations [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000007 Infectious Diseases N0000000007 1023583 189822004 190563008 191415002 40733004 C0009450 C192 Infectious Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000022 Elimination N0000000022 986944 C0221102 C222 Elimination [PK] Elimination [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000023 Metabolism N0000000023 1023904 C0025519 C224 Metabolism [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000024 Site of Metabolism N0000000024 988808 C1373176 C226 Site of Metabolism [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000026 Hepatic Metabolism N0000000026 984512 C1373178 C230 Hepatic Metabolism [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000041 Route of Excretion N0000000041 987962 C1373186 C260 Route of Excretion [PK] Route of Excretion [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000042 Renal Excretion N0000000042 986666 C1373187 C262 Renal Excretion [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000043 Hepatic Excretion N0000000043 989209 C1373188 C264 Hepatic Excretion [PK] NDF-RT:N0000000065 Physiochemical Activity N0000000065 989958 C1372991 C308 Physiochemical Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000066 Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions N0000000066 986087 C1373107 C310 Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000067 HER Receptor Family Interactions N0000000067 986672 EGFR Family Interactions Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Interactions HER Family Interactions Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Interactions C2916814 C312 HER Receptor Family Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000069 Calcium Channel Antagonists D002121 Calcium Channel Blockers N0000000069 986242 Calcium Channel Blocker C2757014 C316 Calcium Channel Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000070 Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists N0000000070 984935 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers C2757003 C318 Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000072 Active Transporter Interactions N0000000072 1031287 C1373104 C322 Active Transporter Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000076 Protease Inhibitors D011480 Protease Inhibitors N0000000076 992709 C2756997 C330 Protease Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000082 Immunologic Factors D007155 Immunologic Factors N0000000082 993127 C2757006 C342 Immunologic Factors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000083 Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists N0000000083 992724 C2757015 C344 Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000084 Sex Hormone Receptor Antagonists N0000000084 985639 C1373000 C346 Sex Hormone Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000085 Receptor Interactions N0000000085 988560 C1372999 C348 Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000087 Chelating Activity D002614 Chelating Activity N0000000087 1025213 C1527256 C352 Chelating Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000088 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D018691 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists N0000000088 1036066 C2757055 C354 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000092 Adrenergic Antagonists D018674 Adrenergic Antagonists N0000000092 993129 C2757018 C362 Adrenergic Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000097 Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor Interactions N0000000097 986244 C1373009 C372 Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000098 Thymidylate Synthetase Inhibitors N0000000098 993154 C2756988 C374 Thymidylate Synthetase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000099 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists D000317 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists N0000000099 1023426 Alpha-adrenergic Blocker C2756989 C376 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000100 Estrogen Receptor Agonists N0000000100 988811 C1373007 C378 Estrogen Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000102 Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors D018759 Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors N0000000102 989028 C2757023 C382 Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000103 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D018894 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors N0000000103 993157 C2757067 C384 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000104 Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonists N0000000104 990721 C2757026 C386 Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000105 Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions N0000000105 985066 C1373006 C388 Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000109 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors D017367 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors N0000000109 992711 C2757053 C396 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000111 Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors D005493 Folic Acid Antagonists N0000000111 1029786 Folic Acid Antagonists Folic Acid Metabolic Inhibitors C2916820 C400 Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000114 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D018765 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors N0000000114 1028789 C2757017 C406 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000117 Dopamine Agonists D018491 Dopamine Agonists N0000000117 992714 Dopaminergic Agonist C2757007 C412 Dopamine Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000118 GABA A Modulators N0000000118 990722 C1373017 C414 GABA A Modulators [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000121 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors D019161 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors N0000000121 993150 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C2756999 C420 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000122 Adrenergic Agonists D000322 Adrenergic Agonists N0000000122 1029285 C2757025 C422 Adrenergic Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000124 Leukotriene Receptor Interactions N0000000124 987670 C1373014 C426 Leukotriene Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000128 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors D010726 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors N0000000128 993167 C1656262 C434 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000130 Serotonin Antagonists D012702 Serotonin Antagonists N0000000130 993156 C2757052 C438 Serotonin Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000132 Organic Anion Transporter Interactions N0000000132 987411 C1373100 C442 Organic Anion Transporter Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000133 Enzyme Inhibitors D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors N0000000133 1032544 C2756995 C444 Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000134 Lipoxygenase Inhibitors D016859 Lipoxygenase Inhibitors N0000000134 1031400 C2757064 C446 Lipoxygenase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000135 Immunologic Adjuvants D000276 Adjuvants, Immunologic N0000000135 989878 Adjuvants, Immunologic C1383096 C448 Immunologic Adjuvants [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000138 GABA A Receptor Interactions N0000000138 988922 C1373022 C454 GABA A Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000140 Calcium Channel Interactions N0000000140 990245 C1373020 C458 Calcium Channel Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000144 Iron Chelating Activity D007502 Iron Chelating Activity N0000000144 985781 C2757050 C466 Iron Chelating Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000145 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists N0000000145 984514 Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor C1373098 C468 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000147 Proton Pump Inhibitors N0000000147 986356 C1384478 C472 Proton Pump Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000149 Hormone Receptor Agonists N0000000149 985200 C1373095 C476 Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000150 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D011500 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors N0000000150 993158 C2757051 C478 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000152 G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions N0000000152 984725 G-Protein-linked Receptor-Effector Interactions C2916797 C482 G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000153 Adrenergic Receptor Interactions N0000000153 987972 C1373072 C484 Adrenergic Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000155 Uncouplers N0000000155 986674 C1373071 C488 Uncouplers [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000156 Chloride Channel Interactions N0000000156 987326 C1373070 C490 Chloride Channel Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000159 Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists N0000000159 989879 C1373068 C496 Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000160 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D016861 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors N0000000160 992710 C2756982 C498 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000161 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists D000319 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists N0000000161 993131 Beta-adrenergic Blocker Beta-adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor beta-Adrenergic Blocker beta-Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor C2757061 C500 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000162 Steroid Receptor Antagonists N0000000162 987973 C1373067 C502 Steroid Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000163 Enzyme Interactions N0000000163 988200 C1373066 C504 Enzyme Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000167 Serotonin Transporter Interactions N0000000167 987204 C1373063 C512 Serotonin Transporter Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000168 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators D020845 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators N0000000168 993164 C2757056 C514 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000171 Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Interactions N0000000171 988925 C1373062 C520 Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000172 Steroid Receptor Modulators N0000000172 987671 C1373061 C522 Steroid Receptor Modulators [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000174 Opioid Agonists N0000000174 985466 C1373059 C526 Opioid Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000175 Cytokine Receptor Superfamily Interactions N0000000175 984937 C1373058 C528 Cytokine Receptor Superfamily Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000176 Topoisomerase Inhibitors N0000000176 989757 DNA Gyrase Inhibitors Topoisomerase Inhibitor C1384454 C530 Topoisomerase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000177 Cholinesterase Inhibitors D002800 Cholinesterase Inhibitors N0000000177 992680 C2757012 C532 Cholinesterase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000180 Sodium Channel Interactions N0000000180 987802 C1373055 C538 Sodium Channel Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000181 Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors D000806 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors N0000000181 992731 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor C2757044 C540 Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000182 Steroid Hormone Receptor Agonists N0000000182 990907 C1373054 C542 Steroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000184 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors D008996 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors N0000000184 992698 MAOI C2756978 C546 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000185 Progestational Hormone Receptor Agonists N0000000185 986818 C1373052 C548 Progestational Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000190 Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists D006634 Histamine H1 Antagonists N0000000190 992695 H1 Receptor Antagonists H1 Receptor Blockers Histamine H1 Antagonists Histamine H1 Blockers C2757048 C558 Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000191 Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors N0000000191 441741 C1373048 C560 Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000193 Ion Channel Interactions N0000000193 988382 C1373047 C564 Ion Channel Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000198 Serotonin Receptor Interactions N0000000198 988082 C1373043 C574 Serotonin Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000200 Opioid Receptor Interactions N0000000200 989758 C1373041 C578 Opioid Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000203 Dopamine Receptor Interactions N0000000203 985948 C1373039 C584 Dopamine Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000205 Radiopharmaceutical Activity D019275 Radiopharmaceuticals N0000000205 987975 C2757000 C588 Radiopharmaceutical Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000207 Histamine Receptor Antagonists D006633 Histamine Antagonists N0000000207 989667 Histamine Antagonists C1383092 C592 Histamine Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000209 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists D000316 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists N0000000209 1029039 Alpha-adrenergic Agonist C2757042 C596 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000211 Potassium Channel Interactions N0000000211 989960 C1373036 C600 Potassium Channel Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000212 Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors N0000000212 441728 C1373035 C602 Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000213 Receptor Protein Kinase Interactions N0000000213 986538 C1373034 C604 Receptor Protein Kinase Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000214 Sex Hormone Receptor Agonists N0000000214 990080 C1373033 C606 Sex Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000216 Histamine Receptor Interactions N0000000216 989394 C1373031 C610 Histamine Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000219 Dopamine Transporter Interactions N0000000219 984515 C1373028 C616 Dopamine Transporter Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000221 Hormone Receptor Antagonists N0000000221 990790 C1373026 C620 Hormone Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000223 Cellular or Molecular Interactions N0000000223 986459 C1373094 C624 Cellular or Molecular Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000225 Insulin Receptor Agonists N0000000225 986676 C1373092 C628 Insulin Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000230 Dopamine Antagonists D018492 Dopamine Antagonists N0000000230 1032050 C2757008 C638 Dopamine Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000233 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D019384 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors N0000000233 993166 C2757009 C644 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000234 Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions N0000000234 988817 C2267223 C646 Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000236 Alkylating Activity D000477 Alkylating Activity N0000000236 1031878 C2756975 C650 Alkylating Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000240 Insulin Receptor Interactions N0000000240 987414 C1373083 C658 Insulin Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000242 Transcription Factor Activity N0000000242 1028825 C1148759 C662 Transcription Factor Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000243 Androgen Receptor Antagonists N0000000243 989356 Androgen Receptor Inhibitor C1373082 C664 Androgen Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000246 HIV Protease Inhibitors D017320 HIV Protease Inhibitors N0000000246 993149 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors C2756991 C670 HIV Protease Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000247 Biological Response Modifiers D015545 Biological Response Modifiers N0000000247 993132 C2757019 C672 Biological Response Modifiers [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000253 Polycationic Channel Interactions N0000000253 990209 C1373076 C684 Polycationic Channel Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000254 Immunologic and Biological Factors D007151 Immunologic and Biological Factors N0000000254 1032698 C0021048 C686 Immunologic and Biological Factors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000255 Hormone Receptor Modulators N0000000255 989214 C1373075 C688 Hormone Receptor Modulators [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000256 Serotonin Agonists D017366 Serotonin Agonists N0000000256 1022850 C2756998 C690 Serotonin Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000257 Hormone Receptor Interactions N0000000257 986361 C1373074 C692 Hormone Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000000264 Congenital Abnormalities M0000013 D000013 Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero. Congenital Abnormalities N0000000264 1021840 276654001 276655000 276720006 Abnormalities, Congenital Birth Defects Congenital Defects Defects, Congenital Deformities C0000768 C706 Congenital Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000276 Abscess M0000059 D000038 Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. Abscess N0000000276 984804 128477000 C0000833 C730 Abscess [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000287 Acinetobacter Infections M0000230 D000151 Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER. Acinetobacter Infections N0000000287 984730 Infections, Acinetobacter Infections, Mimae Mimae Infections C0001139 C752 Acinetobacter Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000291 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome M0000245 D000163 An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome N0000000291 1022762 62479008 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired C0001175 C760 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000299 Actinomycetales Infections M0000289 D000193 Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES. Actinomycetales Infections N0000000299 1024017 Actinomycete Infections Infections, Actinomycetales Infections, Actinomycete C0001255 C776 Actinomycetales Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000305 Addison Disease M0000346 D000224 An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES. Addison Disease N0000000305 1023821 363732003 373662000 Addison's Disease Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency Primary Hypoadrenalism C0001403 C788 Addison Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000306 Adenocarcinoma M0000355 D000230 A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. Adenocarcinoma N0000000306 1023834 35917007 Adenoma, Malignant C0001418 C790 Adenocarcinoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000310 Adenoma M0000367 D000236 A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. Adenoma N0000000310 1026445 32048006 C0001430 C798 Adenoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000314 Adenoviridae Infections M0000404 D000257 Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE. Adenoviridae Infections N0000000314 1025703 25225006 Adenovirus Infections Infections, Adenoviridae Infections, Adenovirus C0001486 C806 Adenoviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000315 Adenovirus Infections, Human M0000405 D000258 Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses. Adenovirus Infections, Human N0000000315 1022278 Human Adenovirus Infections Infections, Human Adenovirus C0001487 C808 Adenovirus Infections, Human [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000316 Tissue Adhesions M0000418 D000267 Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound. Tissue Adhesions N0000000316 1028050 42685002 Adhesions, Tissue C0001511 C810 Tissue Adhesions [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000320 Adnexal Diseases M0000457 D000291 Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). Adnexal Diseases N0000000320 988928 C0001576 C818 Adnexal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000324 Adrenal Gland Diseases M0000482 D000307 Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. Adrenal Gland Diseases N0000000324 1025795 30171000 C0001621 C826 Adrenal Gland Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000325 Adrenocortical Hyperfunction M0000483 D000308 Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM. Adrenocortical Hyperfunction N0000000325 1022833 275437005 47270006 Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction Hyperadrenalism Hyperadrenocorticism Hypercorticism C0001622 C828 Adrenocortical Hyperfunction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000326 Adrenal Insufficiency M0000484 D000309 Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS. Adrenal Insufficiency N0000000326 1025230 111563005 237785004 Adrenal Gland Hypofunction Hypoadrenalism C0001623 C830 Adrenal Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000328 Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital M0000487 D000312 A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders. Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital N0000000328 1023878 237751000 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal C0001627 C834 Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000332 Affective Disorders, Psychotic M0000522 D000341 Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc. Affective Disorders, Psychotic N0000000332 1024660 191663008 Psychoses, Affective Psychotic Affective Disorders C0001723 C842 Affective Disorders, Psychotic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000341 Agranulocytosis M0000580 D000380 A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS). Agranulocytosis N0000000341 1023345 17182001 417672002 Granulocytopenia C0001824 C860 Agranulocytosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000363 Alzheimer Disease M0000842 D000544 A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) Alzheimer Disease N0000000363 1022264 26929004 Alzheimer Type Senile Dementia Alzheimer's Disease Dementia, Alzheimer Type Dementia, Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia, Senile Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia Senile Dementia, Alzheimer Type C0002395 C904 Alzheimer Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000365 Amebiasis M0000878 D000562 Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur. Amebiasis N0000000365 1023982 105637008 111910009 388759003 Amoebiasis C0002438 C908 Amebiasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000370 Renal Aminoacidurias M0000934 D000608 A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved. Renal Aminoacidurias N0000000370 985952 Aminoaciduria, Renal C0002534 C918 Renal Aminoacidurias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000375 Amyloidosis M0001053 D000686 A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. Amyloidosis N0000000375 1024175 17602002 C0002726 C928 Amyloidosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000379 Anaphylaxis M0001076 D000707 An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. Anaphylaxis N0000000379 1023517 39579001 Anaphylactic Reaction Shock, Anaphylactic C0002792 C936 Anaphylaxis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000384 Anemia M0001119 D000740 A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. Anemia N0000000384 1024481 267531008 271737000 C0002871 C946 Anemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000385 Anemia, Aplastic M0001120 D000741 A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. Anemia, Aplastic N0000000385 1023343 304132006 306058006 C0002874 C948 Anemia, Aplastic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000406 Angina Pectoris M0001180 D000787 The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. Angina Pectoris N0000000406 1022730 194828000 Angor Pectoris Stenocardia C0002962 C990 Angina Pectoris [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000407 Angina Pectoris, Variant M0001181 D000788 A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity. Angina Pectoris, Variant N0000000407 1026917 87343002 Prinzmetal Angina Prinzmetal's Angina C0002963 C992 Angina Pectoris, Variant [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000408 Angina, Unstable M0001182 D000789 Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Angina, Unstable N0000000408 1021853 25106000 64333001 Angina at Rest Angina, Preinfarction Unstable Angina C0002965 C994 Angina, Unstable [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000415 Angioedema M0001197 D000799 Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. Angioedema N0000000415 1022344 400075008 41291007 Angioneurotic Edema Quincke's Edema Urticaria, Giant C0002994 C1008 Angioedema [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000421 Anorexia M0001278 D000855 The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA. Anorexia N0000000421 1023296 249471002 79890006 C0003123 C1020 Anorexia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000429 Anthrax M0001315 D000881 An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics. Anthrax N0000000429 1021996 409498004 C0003175 C1036 Anthrax [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000431 Anuria M0001524 D001002 Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present. Anuria N0000000431 1023563 2472002 C0003460 C1040 Anuria [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000432 Anus Diseases M0001528 D001004 Anus Diseases N0000000432 1023545 32110003 C0003462 C1042 Anus Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000435 Anxiety Disorders M0001533 D001008 Persistent and disabling ANXIETY. Anxiety Disorders N0000000435 1023219 197480006 C0003469 C1048 Anxiety Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000457 Eating Disorders M0001616 D001068 A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. Eating Disorders N0000000457 1025187 72366004 C0013473 C1092 Eating Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000462 Arbovirus Infections M0001658 D001102 Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified. Arbovirus Infections N0000000462 1023709 40610006 C0003723 C1102 Arbovirus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000469 Arrhythmias, Cardiac M0001715 D001145 Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. Arrhythmias, Cardiac N0000000469 1023395 195107004 Arrhythmia Arrythmia Cardiac Arrhythmia Cardiac Arrhythmias Cardiac Dysrhythmia C0003811 C1116 Arrhythmias, Cardiac [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000470 Arrhythmia, Sinus M0001716 D001146 Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds. Arrhythmia, Sinus N0000000470 1025764 71792006 Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial Sinoatrial Arrhythmia Sinus Arrhythmia C0003813 C1118 Arrhythmia, Sinus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000471 Arterial Occlusive Diseases M0001730 D001157 Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. Arterial Occlusive Diseases N0000000471 1025357 2929001 Arterial Obstructive Diseases C0003838 C1120 Arterial Occlusive Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000473 Arteriosclerosis M0001734 D001161 Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. Arteriosclerosis N0000000473 1021767 72092001 C0003850 C1124 Arteriosclerosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000478 Arthritis M0001741 D001168 Arthritis N0000000478 1023652 3723001 C0003864 C1134 Arthritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000481 Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid M0001748 D001171 Rheumatoid arthritis of children occurring in three major subtypes defined by the symptoms present during the first six months following onset: systemic-onset (Still's Disease, Juvenile-Onset), polyarticular-onset, and pauciarticular-onset. Adult-onset cases of Still's disease (STILL'S DISEASE, ADULT-ONSET) are also known. Only one subtype of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent. Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid N0000000481 1022211 239796000 410502007 410795001 410796000 Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis C0553662 C1140 Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000482 Arthritis, Rheumatoid M0001750 D001172 A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. Arthritis, Rheumatoid N0000000482 1023050 69896004 Rheumatoid Arthritis C0003873 C1142 Arthritis, Rheumatoid [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000492 Aspergillosis M0001850 D001228 Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. Aspergillosis N0000000492 1025666 65553006 C0004030 C1162 Aspergillosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000498 Asthma M0001885 D001249 A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). Asthma N0000000498 1023235 195967001 195979001 Asthma, Bronchial Bronchial Asthma C0004096 C1174 Asthma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000501 Astrocytoma M0001891 D001254 Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) Astrocytoma N0000000501 1024668 254938000 Astroglioma Glioma, Astrocytic C0004114 C1180 Astrocytoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000507 Atrial Fibrillation M0001926 D001281 Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. Atrial Fibrillation N0000000507 1023706 49436004 Auricular Fibrillation C0004238 C1192 Atrial Fibrillation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000508 Atrial Flutter M0001927 D001282 Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). Atrial Flutter N0000000508 985206 5370000 Auricular Flutter C0004239 C1194 Atrial Flutter [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000510 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity M0001943 D001289 A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-IV) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity N0000000510 1023721 31177006 406506008 7461003 Attention Deficit Disorders with Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders Hyperkinetic Syndrome C1263846 C1198 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000513 Autistic Disorder M0001983 D001321 A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-IV) Autistic Disorder N0000000513 1025154 408856003 408857007 408858002 43614003 Autism Autism, Early Infantile Autism, Infantile Kanner's Syndrome C0004352 C1204 Autistic Disorder [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000514 Autoimmune Diseases M0001989 D001327 Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. Autoimmune Diseases N0000000514 1026092 85828009 C0004364 C1206 Autoimmune Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000519 Avitaminosis M0002041 D001361 A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed) Avitaminosis N0000000519 1023168 85670002 C0376286 C1216 Avitaminosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000522 Back Pain M0002115 D001416 Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. Back Pain N0000000522 1022771 161891005 267984001 419258005 Back Ache Backache C0004604 C1222 Back Pain [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000523 Bacterial Infections and Mycoses M0002125 D001423 Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified. Bacterial Infections and Mycoses N0000000523 986958 C0004615 C1224 Bacterial Infections and Mycoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000524 Bacterial Infections M0002126 D001424 Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. Bacterial Infections N0000000524 1022614 186335000 301811001 87628006 Bacterial Infection Infection, Bacterial Infections, Bacterial C0004623 C1226 Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000526 Bacteroides Infections M0002147 D001442 Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES. Bacteroides Infections N0000000526 1023555 2918000 Infections, Bacteroides C0004669 C1230 Bacteroides Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000534 Bartter Syndrome M0002194 D001477 A group of disorders caused by defective salt reabsorption in the ascending LOOP OF HENLE. It is characterized by severe salt-wasting, HYPOKALEMIA; HYPERCALCIURIA; metabolic ALKALOSIS, and hyper-reninemic HYPERALDOSTERONISM without HYPERTENSION. There are several subtypes including ones due to mutations in the renal specific SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. Bartter Syndrome N0000000534 1025612 71275003 Bartter Disease Bartter's Disease Bartter's Syndrome C0004775 C1246 Bartter Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000536 Basal Ganglia Diseases M0002198 D001480 Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Basal Ganglia Diseases N0000000536 1030459 70835005 Basal Ganglia Disorders C0004782 C1250 Basal Ganglia Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000538 Mental Disorders M0002289 D001523 Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. Mental Disorders N0000000538 1022308 74732009 C0004936 C1254 Mental Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000539 Behcet Syndrome M0002296 D001528 Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. Behcet Syndrome N0000000539 985793 310701003 Behcet Disease Behcet's Syndrome Triple-Symptom Complex C0004943 C1256 Behcet Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000544 Bile Duct Diseases M0002478 D001649 Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT. Bile Duct Diseases N0000000544 985587 118926004 C0005395 C1266 Bile Duct Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000551 Biliary Tract Diseases M0002491 D001660 Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. Biliary Tract Diseases N0000000551 984740 105997008 C0005424 C1280 Biliary Tract Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000553 Bipolar Disorder M0002571 D001714 A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. Bipolar Disorder N0000000553 1022518 13746004 191646009 191647000 Affective Psychosis, Bipolar Manic-Depressive Psychosis Psychoses, Manic-Depressive Psychosis, Manic-Depressive C0005586 C1284 Bipolar Disorder [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000560 Urinary Bladder Diseases M0002630 D001745 Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER. Urinary Bladder Diseases N0000000560 1022750 42643001 Bladder Diseases C0005686 C1298 Urinary Bladder Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000563 Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction M0002634 D001748 Blocked urine flow through the bladder neck, the narrow internal urethral opening at the base of the URINARY BLADDER. Narrowing or strictures of the URETHRA can be congenital or acquired. It is often observed in males with enlarged PROSTATE glands. Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction N0000000563 1023806 399072004 Bladder Neck Obstruction Bladder Outlet Obstruction C0005694 C1304 Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000564 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms M0002635 D001749 Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. Urinary Bladder Neoplasms N0000000564 1022826 126885006 Bladder Neoplasms Bladder Tumors Neoplasms, Bladder C0005695 C1306 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000568 Blastomycosis M0002647 D001759 A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung. Blastomycosis N0000000568 1025849 69996000 C0005716 C1314 Blastomycosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000571 Blepharospasm M0002660 D001764 Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Blepharospasm N0000000571 1022613 59026006 C0005747 C1320 Blepharospasm [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000575 Blood Coagulation Disorders M0002683 D001778 Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. Blood Coagulation Disorders N0000000575 1022276 362970003 64779008 Coagulation Disorders, Blood Disorders, Blood Coagulation C0005779 C1328 Blood Coagulation Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000577 Blood Platelet Disorders M0002703 D001791 Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function. Blood Platelet Disorders N0000000577 1025348 22716005 Thrombocytopathy C0005818 C1332 Blood Platelet Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000578 Blood Protein Disorders M0002708 D001796 Blood Protein Disorders N0000000578 1027678 C0005830 C1334 Blood Protein Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000581 Body Temperature Changes M0002753 D001832 Significant alterations in temperature of the human body, above or below 98.6 degrees F. or 37 degrees C. when taken orally. Body Temperature Changes N0000000581 1027280 C0005904 C1340 Body Temperature Changes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000582 Body Weight Changes M0002759 D001836 A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm. Body Weight Changes N0000000582 1022599 248346009 C0005911 C1342 Body Weight Changes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000584 Bone Diseases M0002776 D001847 Diseases of BONES. Bone Diseases N0000000584 1025929 308147009 76069003 C0005940 C1346 Bone Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000587 Bone Diseases, Infectious M0002779 D001850 Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Bone Diseases, Infectious N0000000587 1031879 C0005943 C1352 Bone Diseases, Infectious [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000588 Bone Diseases, Metabolic M0002780 D001851 Bone Diseases, Metabolic N0000000588 1026469 50279003 Metabolic Bone Diseases C0005944 C1354 Bone Diseases, Metabolic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000589 Bone Marrow Diseases M0002788 D001855 Bone Marrow Diseases N0000000589 1023913 127035006 C0005956 C1356 Bone Marrow Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000600 Bradycardia M0002863 D001919 Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. Bradycardia N0000000600 1025503 48867003 Bradyarrhythmia Bradyarrhythmias C0428977 C1378 Bradycardia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000605 Brain Diseases M0002874 D001927 Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. Brain Diseases N0000000605 986258 81308009 Brain Disorders CNS Disorders, Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders, Intracranial Central Nervous System Intracranial Disorders Encephalon Diseases Intracranial CNS Disorders Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders C0006111 C1388 Brain Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000607 Brain Edema M0002876 D001929 Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) Brain Edema N0000000607 1029271 2032001 Brain Swelling Intracranial Edema C1527311 C1392 Brain Edema [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000608 Brain Injuries M0002878 D001930 Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. Brain Injuries N0000000608 1024106 2470005 Injuries, Brain C0270611 C1394 Brain Injuries [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000609 Brain Neoplasms M0002885 D001932 Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. Brain Neoplasms N0000000609 1025641 126952004 189537005 Brain Tumors Neoplasms, Brain C0006118 C1396 Brain Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000611 Breast Diseases M0002906 D001941 Pathological processes of the BREAST. Breast Diseases N0000000611 1025046 79604008 C0006145 C1400 Breast Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000612 Breast Neoplasms M0002910 D001943 Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. Breast Neoplasms N0000000612 1023282 126926005 Breast Tumors Neoplasms, Breast Tumors, Breast C1458155 C1402 Breast Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000614 Bronchial Diseases M0002963 D001982 Bronchial Diseases N0000000614 1024394 41427001 C0006261 C1406 Bronchial Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000616 Bronchial Neoplasms M0002965 D001984 Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. Bronchial Neoplasms N0000000616 986912 126705004 Neoplasms, Bronchial C0006264 C1410 Bronchial Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000617 Bronchial Spasm M0002967 D001986 Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. Bronchial Spasm N0000000617 1024176 4386001 Bronchospasm C0006266 C1412 Bronchial Spasm [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000622 Bronchitis M0002972 D001991 Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. Bronchitis N0000000622 1025453 266354009 32398004 C0006277 C1422 Bronchitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000627 Brucellosis M0002989 D002006 Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss. Brucellosis N0000000627 1022508 75702008 Cyprus fever Gibraltar fever Malta Fever Undulant Fever C0006309 C1432 Brucellosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000630 Bulimia M0003021 D002032 Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as "ox hunger". Bulimia N0000000630 1024255 78004001 Binge Eating C0006370 C1438 Bulimia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000631 Bundle-Branch Block M0003027 D002037 A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles. Bundle-Branch Block N0000000631 1022539 195048003 6374002 C0006384 C1440 Bundle-Branch Block [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000639 Bursitis M0003070 D002062 Inflammation or irritation of a bursa, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin. Bursitis N0000000639 1022311 84017003 C0006444 C1456 Bursitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000641 Cachexia M0003126 D002100 General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. Cachexia N0000000641 1023603 238108007 C0006625 C1460 Cachexia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000646 Calcium Metabolism Disorders M0003174 D002128 Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. Calcium Metabolism Disorders N0000000646 1024541 71638002 C0006705 C1470 Calcium Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000649 Campylobacter Infections M0003245 D002169 Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER. Campylobacter Infections N0000000649 1022934 86500004 Infections, Campylobacter C0006818 C1476 Campylobacter Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000650 Candidiasis M0003258 D002177 Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed) Candidiasis N0000000650 1022538 78048006 Moniliasis C0006840 C1478 Candidiasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000651 Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous M0003259 D002178 A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy. Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous N0000000651 1023229 234568006 C0006845 C1480 Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000653 Candidiasis, Oral M0003261 D002180 Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed) Candidiasis, Oral N0000000653 1022622 79740000 Moniliasis, Oral Thrush C0006849 C1484 Candidiasis, Oral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000654 Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal M0003262 D002181 Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal N0000000654 1024776 72605008 Moniliasis, Vulvovaginal C0700345 C1486 Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000664 Carcinoma M0003424 D002277 A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed) Carcinoma N0000000664 1024578 68453008 Epithelial Neoplasms, Malignant Epithelial Tumors, Malignant Epithelioma Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms Neoplasms, Malignant Epithelial C0007097 C1506 Carcinoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000667 Carcinoma, Basal Cell M0003431 D002280 A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471) Carcinoma, Basal Cell N0000000667 1023628 254701007 275265005 Epithelioma, Basal Cell Rodent Ulcer Ulcer, Rodent C0007117 C1512 Carcinoma, Basal Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000670 Carcinoma, Bronchogenic M0003434 D002283 Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. Carcinoma, Bronchogenic N0000000670 1027239 254622008 363493006 Carcinoma, Bronchial C0007121 C1518 Carcinoma, Bronchogenic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000676 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung M0003440 D002289 A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung N0000000676 1022450 254637007 Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma C0007131 C1530 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000678 Carcinoma, Renal Cell M0003442 D002292 A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. Carcinoma, Renal Cell N0000000678 1025619 188251003 Adenocarcinoma, Renal Cell Nephroid Carcinoma Renal Cell Cancer Renal Cell Carcinoma C0007134 C1534 Carcinoma, Renal Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000684 Cardiac Tamponade M0003456 D002305 Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse. Cardiac Tamponade N0000000684 1024098 35304003 Pericardial Tamponade C0007177 C1546 Cardiac Tamponade [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000689 Cardiovascular Diseases M0003473 D002318 Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. Cardiovascular Diseases N0000000689 1022075 105980002 49601007 C0007222 C1556 Cardiovascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000694 Cartilage Diseases M0003568 D002357 Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE). Cartilage Diseases N0000000694 1023741 367355001 50927007 C0007302 C1566 Cartilage Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000709 Central Nervous System Diseases M0003805 D002493 Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. Central Nervous System Diseases N0000000709 1023588 23853001 CNS Diseases Central Nervous System Disorders C0007682 C1596 Central Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000710 Central Nervous System Infections M0003806 D002494 Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS; fungal infections; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS; HELMINTHIASIS; and PRION DISEASES may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. Central Nervous System Infections N0000000710 1026115 128117002 Central Nervous System Infection Infections, Central Nervous System C0007684 C1598 Central Nervous System Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000720 Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis M0333623 D002542 Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures. Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis N0000000720 1027996 C0007781 C1618 Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000722 Cerebral Infarction M0003885 D002544 The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). Cerebral Infarction N0000000722 1025113 266256009 Infarction, Cerebral C0007785 C1622 Cerebral Infarction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000723 Brain Ischemia M0003886 D002545 Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. Brain Ischemia N0000000723 1023203 389100007 Encephalopathy, Ischemic Ischemic Encephalopathy C0007786 C1624 Brain Ischemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000724 Ischemic Attack, Transient M0003887 D002546 Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) Ischemic Attack, Transient N0000000724 1023504 266257000 313242003 Brain TIA TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) Transient Ischemic Attack C0007787 C1626 Ischemic Attack, Transient [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000730 Cerebrovascular Disorders M0003914 D002561 A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES; or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. Cerebrovascular Disorders N0000000730 1022010 62914000 Brain Vascular Disorders Intracranial Vascular Disorders Vascular Diseases, Intracranial C0007820 C1638 Cerebrovascular Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000746 Chest Pain M0004035 D002637 Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. Chest Pain N0000000746 1024345 29857009 C0008031 C1670 Chest Pain [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000749 Chickenpox M0004041 D002644 A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Chickenpox N0000000749 1025604 38907003 Chicken Pox Varicella C0008049 C1676 Chickenpox [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000751 Child Behavior Disorders M0004052 D002653 Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns. Child Behavior Disorders N0000000751 1029830 C0008066 C1680 Child Behavior Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000753 Child Development Disorders, Pervasive M0004062 D002659 Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements. Child Development Disorders, Pervasive N0000000753 1028303 Pervasive Child Development Disorders C0008074 C1684 Child Development Disorders, Pervasive [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000754 Chlamydia Infections M0004107 D002690 Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. Chlamydia Infections N0000000754 1023626 105629000 Infections, Chlamydia C0008149 C1686 Chlamydia Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000755 Chlamydiaceae Infections M0004111 D002694 Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE. Chlamydiaceae Infections N0000000755 987383 C0008153 C1688 Chlamydiaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000762 Cholestasis M0004258 D002779 Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). Cholestasis N0000000762 1023457 197446008 30144000 Bile Duct Obstruction Biliary Stasis C0008370 C1702 Cholestasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000763 Cholestasis, Intrahepatic M0004262 D002780 Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). Cholestasis, Intrahepatic N0000000763 1028249 4637005 Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic Biliary Stasis, Intrahepatic Intrahepatic Cholestasis C0008372 C1704 Cholestasis, Intrahepatic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000775 Choriocarcinoma M0004339 D002822 A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL). Choriocarcinoma N0000000775 1025772 188188009 C0008497 C1728 Choriocarcinoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000782 Chromoblastomycosis M0004392 D002862 Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362) Chromoblastomycosis N0000000782 1024319 187079000 238441002 252402000 Chromomycosis Dermatitis Verrucosa C0008582 C1742 Chromoblastomycosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000790 Cicatrix M0004472 D002921 The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. Cicatrix N0000000790 1024421 275322007 Scar Scars C2004491 C1758 Cicatrix [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000796 Clostridium Infections M0004637 D003015 Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. Clostridium Infections N0000000796 989684 56688005 Infections, Clostridium C0009062 C1770 Clostridium Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000798 Cluster Headache M0004652 D003027 A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal or in any combination of these sites, lasting 15-180 min. occurring 1 to 8 times a day. The attacks are associated with one or more of the following, all of which are ipsilateral: conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial SWEATING, eyelid EDEMA, and miosis. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) Cluster Headache N0000000798 1022422 193031009 193947008 230473009 Chronic Cluster Headache Ciliary Neuralgia Cluster Headache Syndrome Headache, Cluster Histamine Cephalgia Horton Syndrome Horton's Syndrome Neuralgic Migraine C0009088 C1774 Cluster Headache [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000800 Coccidioidomycosis M0004676 D003047 Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN. Coccidioidomycosis N0000000800 1023493 60826002 Coccidioides immitis Infection San Joaquin Valley Fever Valley Fever C0009186 C1778 Coccidioidomycosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000801 Coccidiosis M0004678 D003048 Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA. Coccidiosis N0000000801 1023852 62005008 C0009187 C1780 Coccidiosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000806 Colitis M0004770 D003092 Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. Colitis N0000000806 1024342 64226004 C0009319 C1790 Colitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000807 Colitis, Ulcerative M0004771 D003093 Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. Colitis, Ulcerative N0000000807 1025158 64766004 Ulcerative Colitis C0009324 C1792 Colitis, Ulcerative [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000808 Collagen Diseases M0004792 D003095 Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494) Collagen Diseases N0000000808 1022203 81573002 C0009326 C1794 Collagen Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000811 Colonic Diseases M0004814 D003108 Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). Colonic Diseases N0000000811 1025915 128524007 C0009373 C1800 Colonic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000812 Colonic Diseases, Functional M0004815 D003109 Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category. Colonic Diseases, Functional N0000000812 1026889 Functional Colonic Diseases C0009374 C1802 Colonic Diseases, Functional [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000813 Colonic Neoplasms M0004817 D003110 Tumors or cancer of the COLON. Colonic Neoplasms N0000000813 1024201 126838000 Colon Neoplasms Neoplasms, Colonic C0009375 C1804 Colonic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000819 Coma M0004841 D003128 A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. Coma N0000000819 988251 371632003 Comatose C0009421 C1816 Coma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000830 Confusion M0005001 D003221 A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. Confusion N0000000830 1021821 286933003 Confusional State C0009676 C1838 Confusion [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000831 Conjunctival Diseases M0005013 D003229 Conjunctival Diseases N0000000831 1024252 59698003 C0009759 C1840 Conjunctival Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000833 Conjunctivitis M0005015 D003231 Conjunctivitis N0000000833 1026151 193875009 9826008 C0009763 C1844 Conjunctivitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000836 Conjunctivitis, Bacterial M0005021 D003234 Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia. Conjunctivitis, Bacterial N0000000836 1024334 128350005 243321006 243462001 Bacterial Conjunctivitides Bacterial Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitides, Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Mucopurulent Conjunctivitis, Purulent C0009768 C1850 Conjunctivitis, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000839 Connective Tissue Diseases M0005027 D003240 A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. Connective Tissue Diseases N0000000839 986518 105969002 C0009782 C1856 Connective Tissue Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000840 Consciousness Disorders M0005031 D003244 Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition. Consciousness Disorders N0000000840 1031236 C0009792 C1858 Consciousness Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000841 Constipation M0005043 D003248 Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. Constipation N0000000841 1022104 14760008 C0009806 C1860 Constipation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000851 Corneal Diseases M0005177 D003316 Diseases of the cornea. Corneal Diseases N0000000851 1024256 15250008 C0010034 C1880 Corneal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000856 Coronary Artery Disease M0502868 D003324 Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. Coronary Artery Disease N0000000856 1103697 414024009 53741008 C1956346 C1890 Coronary Artery Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000857 Coronary Disease M0005191 D003327 An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. Coronary Disease N0000000857 1022922 53741008 Coronary Heart Disease C0010068 C1892 Coronary Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000858 Coronary Thrombosis M0005194 D003328 Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Coronary Thrombosis N0000000858 1025738 398274000 Thrombosis, Coronary C0010072 C1894 Coronary Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000859 Coronary Vasospasm M0005195 D003329 Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. Coronary Vasospasm N0000000859 1021875 23687008 Coronary Artery Vasospasm C0010073 C1896 Coronary Vasospasm [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000866 Cranial Nerve Diseases M0005279 D003389 Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. Cranial Nerve Diseases N0000000866 1023353 73013002 Cranial Nerve Disorders Cranial Neuropathies Nervus Cranialis Disorders Neuropathies, Cranial C0010266 C1910 Cranial Nerve Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000875 Crohn Disease M0005335 D003424 A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. Crohn Disease N0000000875 1024195 34000006 Crohn's Disease C0010346 C1928 Crohn Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000879 Cryoglobulinemia M0005376 D003449 A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas. Cryoglobulinemia N0000000879 1027021 30911005 C0010403 C1936 Cryoglobulinemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000880 Cryptococcosis M0005381 D003453 Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS. Cryptococcosis N0000000880 1021843 42386007 Torulosis C0010414 C1938 Cryptococcosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000883 Cushing Syndrome M0005427 D003480 A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. Cushing Syndrome N0000000883 1023535 190505004 Cushing's Syndrome Hypercortisolism C0010481 C1944 Cushing Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000893 Cystinuria M0005557 D003555 An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1. Cystinuria N0000000893 1024925 85020001 C0010691 C1964 Cystinuria [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000894 Cystitis M0005558 D003556 Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. Cystitis N0000000894 1024624 38822007 C0010692 C1966 Cystitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000897 Cytomegalovirus Infections M0005604 D003586 Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. Cytomegalovirus Infections N0000000897 1023187 28944009 Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease Inclusion Disease Infections, Cytomegalovirus Salivary Gland Virus Disease C0010823 C1972 Cytomegalovirus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000909 Deficiency Diseases M0005753 D003677 A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) Deficiency Diseases N0000000909 1025258 C0011156 C1996 Deficiency Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000910 Deglutition Disorders M0005756 D003680 Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. Deglutition Disorders N0000000910 1023938 40739000 Dysphagia Swallowing Disorders C0011168 C1998 Deglutition Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000912 Delirium M0005774 D003693 A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2) Delirium N0000000912 1024817 2776000 C0011206 C2002 Delirium [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000913 Hepatitis D M0005790 D003699 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. Hepatitis D N0000000913 1023265 Delta Hepatitis Delta Infection Hepatitis, Delta Infection, Delta C0011226 C2004 Hepatitis D [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000914 Dementia M0005797 D003704 An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. Dementia N0000000914 1022551 52448006 Amentia C0497327 C2006 Dementia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000915 Demyelinating Diseases M0005825 D003711 Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. Demyelinating Diseases N0000000915 1026682 Demyelinating Disorders C0011303 C2008 Demyelinating Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000938 Depressive Disorder M0006033 D003866 An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. Depressive Disorder N0000000938 1026289 35489007 Neurosis, Depressive C0011581 C2054 Depressive Disorder [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000939 Dermatitis M0006046 D003872 Any inflammation of the skin. Dermatitis N0000000939 1023378 182782007 C0011603 C2056 Dermatitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000940 Dermatitis, Exfoliative M0006047 D003873 The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Dermatitis, Exfoliative N0000000940 1022880 200948000 396349005 396350005 399992009 400005007 Dermatitis Exfoliativa Erythroderma C0011606 C2058 Dermatitis, Exfoliative [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000941 Dermatitis Herpetiformis M0006048 D003874 Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Dermatitis Herpetiformis N0000000941 1026352 111196000 Duhring Disease Duhring's Disease C0011608 C2060 Dermatitis Herpetiformis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000942 Drug Eruptions M0006049 D003875 Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions. Drug Eruptions N0000000942 1025301 275447008 28926001 403675008 Dermatitis Medicamentosa Dermatitis, Adverse Drug Reaction C0011609 C2062 Drug Eruptions [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000943 Dermatitis, Atopic M0006050 D003876 A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. Dermatitis, Atopic N0000000943 1022124 200773006 200775004 24079001 Eczema, Atopic Neurodermatitis, Atopic Neurodermatitis, Disseminated C0011615 C2064 Dermatitis, Atopic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000945 Dermatomycoses M0006059 D003881 Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi. Dermatomycoses N0000000945 1021749 14560005 276206000 Dermatomycosis Fungal Skin Diseases Skin Diseases, Fungal C0011630 C2068 Dermatomycoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000950 Diabetes Mellitus M0006148 D003920 A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. Diabetes Mellitus N0000000950 990753 73211009 C0011849 C2078 Diabetes Mellitus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000954 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 M0006155 D003924 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 N0000000954 1025564 44054006 Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Stable Diabetes Mellitus, Type II MODY Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus NIDDM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus C0011860 C2086 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000957 Diabetic Nephropathies M0006160 D003928 KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. Diabetic Nephropathies N0000000957 1021799 127013003 197605007 21858001 54181000 Diabetic Kidney Disease Diabetic Nephropathy C0011881 C2092 Diabetic Nephropathies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000958 Diabetic Neuropathies M0006162 D003929 Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) Diabetic Neuropathies N0000000958 1027333 230572002 267382005 C0011882 C2094 Diabetic Neuropathies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000963 Diarrhea M0006212 D003967 An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. Diarrhea N0000000963 1022243 267060006 398032003 62315008 C0011991 C2104 Diarrhea [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000973 Digestive System Diseases M0006374 D004066 Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). Digestive System Diseases N0000000973 1023342 53619000 C0012242 C2124 Digestive System Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000974 Digestive System Neoplasms M0006375 D004067 Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Digestive System Neoplasms N0000000974 1027801 128348002 128415001 189527000 Neoplasms, Digestive System C0012243 C2126 Digestive System Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000988 Diverticulitis M0006630 D004238 Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula. Diverticulitis N0000000988 1027287 197102009 307496006 C0012813 C2154 Diverticulitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000993 DNA Virus Infections M0006675 D004266 DNA Virus Infections N0000000993 1027612 Infections, DNA Virus C0012922 C2164 DNA Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000000999 Drug Hypersensitivity M0006829 D004342 Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. Drug Hypersensitivity N0000000999 1024684 416093006 416098002 Allergy, Drug Drug Allergy Hypersensitivity, Drug C0013182 C2176 Drug Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001000 Drug Toxicity M0006855 D004362 Manifestations of the adverse effects of drugs administered therapeutically or in the course of diagnostic techniques. It does not include accidental or intentional poisoning for which specific headings are available. Drug Toxicity N0000001000 1022029 7895008 Toxicity, Drug C0013221 C2178 Drug Toxicity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001003 Ductus Arteriosus, Patent M0006877 D004374 A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. Ductus Arteriosus, Patent N0000001003 1021972 83330001 Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus C0013274 C2184 Ductus Arteriosus, Patent [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001005 Duodenal Diseases M0006881 D004378 Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Duodenal Diseases N0000001005 1022796 52182008 C0013289 C2188 Duodenal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001008 Duodenal Ulcer M0006885 D004381 A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. Duodenal Ulcer N0000001008 1025099 196672001 367474008 51868009 C0013295 C2194 Duodenal Ulcer [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001016 Dysentery M0006913 D004403 Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION. Dysentery N0000001016 1022956 111939009 19213003 236076004 Infectious Diarrheal Disease C0013369 C2210 Dysentery [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001022 Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced M0006920 D004409 Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced N0000001022 1022304 102448004 C0013386 C2222 Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001025 Dysmenorrhea M0006924 D004412 Painful menstruation. Dysmenorrhea N0000001025 986315 266599000 Menstruation, Painful Pain, Menstrual C0013390 C2228 Dysmenorrhea [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001057 Edema M0007051 D004487 Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. Edema N0000001057 1022374 20741006 79654002 Dropsy Hydrops C0013604 C2292 Edema [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001066 Emaciation M0007242 D004614 Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION). Emaciation N0000001066 1027077 371597004 C0013911 C2310 Emaciation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001076 Encephalitis M0007337 D004660 Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. Encephalitis N0000001076 1022474 45170000 Brain Inflammation Inflammation, Brain C0014038 C2330 Encephalitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001078 Encephalitis, Arbovirus M0007356 D004671 Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321) Encephalitis, Arbovirus N0000001078 1021779 186498004 192687008 285756005 Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitis Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis, Epidemic Epidemic Encephalitis Viral Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne C0014055 C2334 Encephalitis, Arbovirus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001085 Encephalomyelitis M0007368 D004679 A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. Encephalomyelitis N0000001085 1025712 62950007 Myeloencephalitis C0014070 C2348 Encephalomyelitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001096 Endocarditis M0007392 D004696 Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening. Endocarditis N0000001096 1027251 56819008 C0014118 C2370 Endocarditis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001097 Endocarditis, Bacterial M0007393 D004697 Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use. Endocarditis, Bacterial N0000001097 1021809 301183007 Bacterial Endocarditides Bacterial Endocarditis Endocarditides, Bacterial C0014121 C2372 Endocarditis, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001099 Endocrine System Diseases M0007396 D004700 Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES. Endocrine System Diseases N0000001099 1022080 362969004 Diseases of Endocrine System Endocrine Diseases C0014130 C2376 Endocrine System Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001100 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms M0007397 D004701 Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS. Endocrine Gland Neoplasms N0000001100 1022324 387922007 387927001 Neoplasms, Endocrine Gland C0014132 C2378 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001102 Endometriosis M0007413 D004715 A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. Endometriosis N0000001102 1024249 129103003 C0014175 C2382 Endometriosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001108 Enterobacteriaceae Infections M0007472 D004756 Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. Enterobacteriaceae Infections N0000001108 1024436 Enterobacterial Infections Infections, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Enterobacterial C0014347 C2394 Enterobacteriaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001109 Enterocolitis M0007478 D004760 Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses. Enterocolitis N0000001109 1025705 43752006 C0014356 C2396 Enterocolitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001110 Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous M0007479 D004761 An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous N0000001110 1025680 397683000 Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis C0014358 C2398 Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001114 Enuresis M0007497 D004775 Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis). Enuresis N0000001114 1023181 8009008 C0014394 C2406 Enuresis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001115 Eosinophilia M0007532 D004802 Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. Eosinophilia N0000001115 1021800 191363000 C0014457 C2408 Eosinophilia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001117 Ependymoma M0007536 D004806 Glioma derived from ependymocytes that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9) Ependymoma N0000001117 1025308 57706008 C0014474 C2412 Ependymoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001123 Epidermolysis Bullosa M0007557 D004820 Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties. Epidermolysis Bullosa N0000001123 1025920 61003004 Acantholysis Bullosa C0014527 C2424 Epidermolysis Bullosa [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001126 Epilepsy M0007564 D004827 A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) Epilepsy N0000001126 1021750 128613002 84757009 Epileptic Seizures Seizure Disorder Seizures, Epileptic C0014544 C2430 Epilepsy [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001127 Epilepsies, Partial M0007566 D004828 Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) Epilepsies, Partial N0000001127 1024007 230381009 Epilepsy, Focal Epilepsy, Localization-Related Epilepsy, Partial Focal Seizure Disorder Partial Epilepsy Partial Seizure Disorder Seizure Disorder, Focal Seizure Disorder, Partial C0014547 C2432 Epilepsies, Partial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001128 Epilepsy, Generalized M0007570 D004829 Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14) Epilepsy, Generalized N0000001128 1024495 19598007 Seizure Disorder, Generalized C0014548 C2434 Epilepsy, Generalized [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001129 Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic M0007573 D004830 A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic N0000001129 1022827 352818000 Convulsions, Grand Mal Epilepsy, Grand Mal Epilepsy, Major Grand Mal Seizure Disorder Major Motor Seizure Disorder Seizure Disorder, Grand Mal Seizure Disorder, Major Motor Seizure Disorder, Tonic Clonic Tonic Clonic Convulsions Tonic-Clonic Convulsion Disorder Tonic-Clonic Convulsion Syndrome Tonic-Clonic Seizure Disorder Tonic-Clonic Seizure Syndrome C0014549 C2436 Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001132 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe M0007578 D004833 A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321) Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe N0000001132 1024058 193000002 C0014556 C2442 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001133 Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic M0007580 D004834 Recurrent seizures causally related to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Seizure onset may be immediate but is typically delayed for several days after the injury and may not occur for up to two years. The majority of seizures have a focal onset that correlates clinically with the site of brain injury. Cerebral cortex injuries caused by a penetrating foreign object (CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, PENETRATING) are more likely than closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED) to be associated with epilepsy. Concussive convulsions are nonepileptic phenomena that occur immediately after head injury and are characterized by tonic and clonic movements. (From Rev Neurol 1998 Feb;26(150):256-261; Sports Med 1998 Feb;25(2):131-6) Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic N0000001133 1022785 75023009 Epilepsy, Traumatic Post-Traumatic Seizure Disorder Seizure Disorder, Post-Traumatic C0014557 C2444 Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001144 Erythema M0007679 D004890 Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. Erythema N0000001144 1023390 86735004 C0041834 C2466 Erythema [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001146 Erythema Multiforme M0007681 D004892 A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic "bull's-eye" lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. Erythema Multiforme N0000001146 1027514 36715001 C0014742 C2470 Erythema Multiforme [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001147 Erythema Nodosum M0007682 D004893 An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy. Erythema Nodosum N0000001147 1027500 32861005 C0014743 C2472 Erythema Nodosum [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001154 Escherichia coli Infections M0007733 D004927 Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. Escherichia coli Infections N0000001154 985413 71057007 E coli Infections Infections, E coli Infections, Escherichia coli C0014836 C2486 Escherichia coli Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001159 Esophageal Diseases M0007747 D004935 Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS. Esophageal Diseases N0000001159 990942 37657006 C0014852 C2496 Esophageal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001162 Esophageal Neoplasms M0007750 D004938 Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. Esophageal Neoplasms N0000001162 1023659 126817006 Esophagus Neoplasm Neoplasms, Esophageal C0014859 C2502 Esophageal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001165 Esophagitis M0007753 D004941 INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. Esophagitis N0000001165 1022660 16761005 C0014868 C2508 Esophagitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001181 Eye Diseases M0008088 D005128 Eye Diseases N0000001181 1023594 194183009 C0015397 C2540 Eye Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001187 Eyelid Diseases M0008105 D005141 Eyelid Diseases N0000001187 1025672 60113004 C0015423 C2552 Eyelid Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001190 Facial Dermatoses M0008112 D005148 Facial Dermatoses N0000001190 1028247 Facial Dermatosis C0015456 C2558 Facial Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001224 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications M0008309 D005261 Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT, the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE), and disorders related to PREGNANCY. Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications N0000001224 985609 C1720765 C2626 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001242 Fever M0008421 D005334 An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. Fever N0000001242 1021819 367493005 386661006 50177009 Hyperthermia Pyrexia C0015967 C2662 Fever [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001249 Fibrosis M0008453 D005355 Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Fibrosis N0000001249 1024477 112674009 C0016059 C2676 Fibrosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001275 Foot Dermatoses M0008722 D005533 Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified. Foot Dermatoses N0000001275 1024965 Foot Dermatosis C0016509 C2728 Foot Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001276 Foot Diseases M0008723 D005534 Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. Foot Diseases N0000001276 986717 118932009 C0016510 C2730 Foot Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001317 Gastroenteritis M0009018 D005759 INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. Gastroenteritis N0000001317 1024672 25374005 C0017160 C2812 Gastroenteritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001319 Gastroesophageal Reflux M0009024 D005764 Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. Gastroesophageal Reflux N0000001319 1022040 235595009 Esophageal Reflux GERD Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Reflux, Gastroesophageal C0017168 C2816 Gastroesophageal Reflux [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001320 Gastrointestinal Diseases M0009033 D005767 Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Gastrointestinal Diseases N0000001320 1022118 119292006 C0017178 C2818 Gastrointestinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001321 Gastrointestinal Neoplasms M0009038 D005770 Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms N0000001321 1025588 126768004 Neoplasms, Gastrointestinal C0017185 C2820 Gastrointestinal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001323 Genital Diseases, Female M0009154 D005831 Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Genital Diseases, Female N0000001323 1026095 244938009 310789003 Female Genital Diseases Gynecologic Diseases C0017411 C2824 Genital Diseases, Female [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001324 Genital Diseases, Male M0009155 D005832 Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE). Genital Diseases, Male N0000001324 1021837 64557000 Male Genital Diseases C0017412 C2826 Genital Diseases, Male [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001325 Genital Neoplasms, Female M0009156 D005833 Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Genital Neoplasms, Female N0000001325 1024023 126907002 Female Genital Neoplasms Gynecologic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Female Genital Neoplasms, Gynecologic C0017416 C2828 Genital Neoplasms, Female [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001326 Genital Neoplasms, Male M0009157 D005834 Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA. Genital Neoplasms, Male N0000001326 1028573 126895004 Male Genital Neoplasms Neoplasms, Male Genital C0017417 C2830 Genital Neoplasms, Male [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001331 Giardiasis M0009224 D005873 An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA LAMBLIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact. Giardiasis N0000001331 988685 10679007 58265007 Lambliasis C0017536 C2840 Giardiasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001334 Tourette Syndrome M0009230 D005879 A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) Tourette Syndrome N0000001334 1024192 5158005 Combined Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tic Disorder Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette's Disease Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tourette Disease Tourette Disorder Tourette's Disease Tourette's Disorder Tourette's Syndrome C0040517 C2846 Tourette Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001345 Glaucoma M0009260 D005901 An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Glaucoma N0000001345 1022133 23986001 C0017601 C2868 Glaucoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001346 Glaucoma, Open-Angle M0009261 D005902 Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. Glaucoma, Open-Angle N0000001346 1023893 193538009 46168003 84494001 Glaucoma Simplex Glaucoma, Compensated Glaucoma, Compensative Glaucoma, Open Angle Glaucoma, Pigmentary Glaucoma, Simple Open-Angle Glaucoma C0017612 C2870 Glaucoma, Open-Angle [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001347 Glioblastoma M0009269 D005909 A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. Glioblastoma N0000001347 1025895 63634009 Astrocytoma, Grade IV C0017636 C2872 Glioblastoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001348 Glioma M0009271 D005910 Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) Glioma N0000001348 1025030 115240006 Glial Cell Tumors C0017638 C2874 Glioma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001351 Glomerulonephritis M0009300 D005921 Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Glomerulonephritis N0000001351 1021985 236391006 36171008 C0017658 C2880 Glomerulonephritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001353 Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental M0009302 D005923 A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE. Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental N0000001353 1026699 25821008 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Glomerulonephritis, Focal Sclerosing Glomerulosclerosis, Focal C0017668 C2884 Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001371 Goiter M0009516 D006042 Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). Goiter N0000001371 1022351 3716002 C0018021 C2920 Goiter [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001376 Gonadal Disorders M0009536 D006058 Pathological processes of the OVARIES or the TESTES. Gonadal Disorders N0000001376 986338 C0018050 C2930 Gonadal Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001380 Gonorrhea M0009553 D006069 Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. Gonorrhea N0000001380 988436 15628003 C0018081 C2938 Gonorrhea [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001382 Gout M0009557 D006073 Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. Gout N0000001382 1026223 90560007 C0018099 C2942 Gout [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001384 Graft vs Host Disease M0009578 D006086 The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. Graft vs Host Disease N0000001384 1024721 234646005 Graft-Versus-Host Disease Graft-vs-Host Disease Homologous Wasting Disease Runt Disease C0018133 C2946 Graft vs Host Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001396 Gynecomastia M0009717 D006177 Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males. Gynecomastia N0000001396 1022299 4754008 Male Breast Enlargement C0018418 C2970 Gynecomastia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001398 Haemophilus Infections M0009740 D006192 Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS. Haemophilus Infections N0000001398 1021899 41659003 Hemophilus Infections Infections, Haemophilus Infections, Hemophilus C0018482 C2974 Haemophilus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001410 Hand Dermatoses M0009782 D006229 Hand Dermatoses N0000001410 1028376 Hand Dermatosis C0018567 C2998 Hand Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001416 Head and Neck Neoplasms M0009818 D006258 Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) Head and Neck Neoplasms N0000001416 1024324 255055008 Head, Neck Neoplasms Neoplasms, Head and Neck C0018671 C3010 Head and Neck Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001417 Craniocerebral Trauma M0009821 D006259 Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. Craniocerebral Trauma N0000001417 1024743 82271004 Craniocerebral Injuries Head Injuries Head Trauma Injuries, Craniocerebral Injuries, Head Trauma, Head C0018674 C3012 Craniocerebral Trauma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001430 Heart Block M0009945 D006327 Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects. Heart Block N0000001430 1023276 233916004 C0018794 C3038 Heart Block [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001431 Heart Defects, Congenital M0009950 D006330 Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. Heart Defects, Congenital N0000001431 1022077 204413006 Abnormality, Heart Congenital Heart Defect Congenital Heart Defects Defects, Congenital Heart Heart Abnormalities Heart Defect, Congenital C0018798 C3040 Heart Defects, Congenital [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001432 Heart Diseases M0009951 D006331 Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. Heart Diseases N0000001432 1022072 56265001 Cardiac Diseases C0018799 C3042 Heart Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001433 Cardiomegaly M0009952 D006332 Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. Cardiomegaly N0000001433 1023747 8186001 Enlarged Heart Heart Enlargement C0018800 C3044 Cardiomegaly [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001434 Heart Failure M0009953 D006333 A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Heart Failure N0000001434 1024953 42343007 Cardiac Failure C0018802 C3046 Heart Failure [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001444 Heartburn M0009980 D006356 Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus. Heartburn N0000001444 1022047 16331000 Pyrosis C0018834 C3066 Heartburn [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001451 Hemangioma M0010031 D006391 A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) Hemangioma N0000001451 987582 189194008 400210000 C0018916 C3080 Hemangioma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001459 Hematologic Diseases M0010044 D006402 Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. Hematologic Diseases N0000001459 1021953 191402006 267573000 Blood Diseases Hematological Diseases C0018939 C3096 Hematologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001466 Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases M0010072 D006425 Hematologic diseases and diseases of the lymphatic system collectively. Hemic diseases include disorders involving the formed elements (e.g., ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION, INTRAVASCULAR) and chemical components (e.g., BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS); lymphatic diseases include disorders relating to lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes. Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases N0000001466 1026878 C0018981 C3110 Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001469 Hemochromatosis M0010098 D006432 A disorder due to the deposition of hemosiderin in the parenchymal cells, causing tissue damage and dysfunction of the liver, pancreas, heart, and pituitary. Full development of the disease in women is restricted by menstruation, pregnancy, and lower dietary intake of iron. Acquired hemochromatosis may be the result of blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron, or secondary to other disease. Idiopathic or genetic hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism associated with a gene tightly linked to the A locus of the HLA complex on chromosome 6. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Hemochromatosis N0000001469 1023441 399144008 399187006 Diabetes, Bronze C0018995 C3116 Hemochromatosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001472 Hemoglobinopathies M0010129 D006453 A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule. Hemoglobinopathies N0000001472 1023547 80141007 C0019045 C3122 Hemoglobinopathies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001481 Hemorrhage M0010152 D006470 Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. Hemorrhage N0000001481 1023287 195511004 Bleeding C0019080 C3140 Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001482 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage M0010153 D006471 Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage N0000001482 1024534 266477005 74474003 Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal C0017181 C3142 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001485 Hemorrhagic Disorders M0010157 D006474 Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). Hemorrhagic Disorders N0000001485 1023732 191331006 Hemorrhagic Diathesis C0019087 C3148 Hemorrhagic Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001493 Hemorrhoids M0010177 D006484 Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain. Hemorrhoids N0000001493 1023434 70153002 C0019112 C3164 Hemorrhoids [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001499 Hepatitis M0010205 D006505 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. Hepatitis N0000001499 989819 128241005 197351001 C0019158 C3176 Hepatitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001504 Hepatitis, Chronic M0010227 D006521 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors. Hepatitis, Chronic N0000001504 989540 197286002 197288001 76783007 Chronic Hepatitis C0019189 C3186 Hepatitis, Chronic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001508 Hepatitis, Viral, Human M0010233 D006525 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). Hepatitis, Viral, Human N0000001508 990781 C0019195 C3194 Hepatitis, Viral, Human [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001509 Hepatitis C M0010234 D006526 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. Hepatitis C N0000001509 1024879 186634008 50711007 Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted PT-NANBH Parenterally-Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis C0019196 C3196 Hepatitis C [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001511 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular M0010236 D006528 A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular N0000001511 1021881 109841003 187769009 Hepatocellular Cancer Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatoma Liver Cancer, Adult Liver Cell Carcinoma, Adult C2239176 C3200 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001527 Herpes Genitalis M0010276 D006558 Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females. Herpes Genitalis N0000001527 1025755 271463009 33839006 Genital Herpes Herpes Simplex Virus Genital Infection Herpes Simplex, Genital C0019342 C3232 Herpes Genitalis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001530 Herpes Simplex M0010279 D006561 A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) Herpes Simplex N0000001530 1023866 88594005 C0019348 C3238 Herpes Simplex [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001531 Herpes Zoster M0010280 D006562 An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Herpes Zoster N0000001531 1022292 4740000 Shingles Zona Zoster C0019360 C3240 Herpes Zoster [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001533 Herpesviridae Infections M0010285 D006566 Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. Herpesviridae Infections N0000001533 1024733 23513009 Herpesvirus Infections Infections, Herpesviridae Infections, Herpesvirus C0019372 C3244 Herpesviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001536 High Pressure Neurological Syndrome M0010353 D006610 A syndrome related to increased atmospheric pressure and characterized by tremors, nausea, dizziness, decreased motor and mental performance, and SEIZURES. This condition may occur in those who dive deeply (c. 1000 ft) usually while breathing a mixture of oxygen and helium. The condition is associated with a neuroexcitatory effect of helium. High Pressure Neurological Syndrome N0000001536 984887 HPNS High Pressure Nervous Syndrome High Pressure Neural Syndrome C0019537 C3250 High Pressure Neurological Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001544 Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell M0010406 D006646 A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell N0000001544 989741 190955000 190956004 65399007 Hand-Schueller-Christian Disease Hand-Schueller-Christian Syndrome Hand-Schüller-Christian Disease Hand-Schüller-Christian Syndrome Histiocytosis X Histiocytosis, Generalized Histiocytosis-X Langerhans-Cell Granulomatosis Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis Letterer-Siwe Disease Schueller-Christian Disease C0019621 C3266 Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001546 Histoplasmosis M0010434 D006660 Infection resulting from inhalation or ingestion of spores of the fungus of the genus HISTOPLASMA, species H. capsulatum. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the midwestern United States. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Histoplasmosis N0000001546 1025866 12962009 187055002 C0019655 C3270 Histoplasmosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001550 Hodgkin Disease M0010484 D006689 A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. Hodgkin Disease N0000001550 1022669 118599009 118606001 188543002 Hodgkin Lymphoma Hodgkin's Disease Hodgkin's Lymphoma Hodgkins Disease Lymphogranuloma, Malignant C0019829 C3278 Hodgkin Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001573 Hyperaldosteronism M0010808 D006929 A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA. Hyperaldosteronism N0000001573 1022951 88213004 Aldosteronism C0020428 C3324 Hyperaldosteronism [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001577 Hypercalcemia M0010814 D006934 Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. Hypercalcemia N0000001577 1026898 66931009 C0020437 C3332 Hypercalcemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001580 Hypercholesterolemia M0010818 D006937 A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. Hypercholesterolemia N0000001580 1023485 13644009 Hypercholesteremia C0020443 C3338 Hypercholesterolemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001592 Hyperlipidemias M0010830 D006949 Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. Hyperlipidemias N0000001592 1023000 55822004 Hyperlipemia Hyperlipidemia C0020473 C3362 Hyperlipidemias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001594 Hyperlipoproteinemias M0010833 D006951 Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. Hyperlipoproteinemias N0000001594 1022876 3744001 Hyperlipoproteinemia C0020476 C3366 Hyperlipoproteinemias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001606 Hyperphagia M0010847 D006963 Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food. Hyperphagia N0000001606 1023617 267023007 58424009 Overeating C0020505 C3390 Hyperphagia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001610 Hypersensitivity M0010851 D006967 Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. Hypersensitivity N0000001610 1022134 106190000 127072000 269284003 Allergy C0020517 C3398 Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001612 Hypersensitivity, Immediate M0010854 D006969 Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability. Hypersensitivity, Immediate N0000001612 1023968 20671006 Atopic Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity, Atopic Hypersensitivity, Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity Type I Hypersensitivity C0020523 C3402 Hypersensitivity, Immediate [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001616 Hypertension M0010859 D006973 Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Hypertension N0000001616 1023354 38341003 Blood Pressure, High C0020538 C3410 Hypertension [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001617 Hypertension, Malignant M0010861 D006974 A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction. Hypertension, Malignant N0000001617 1023442 70272006 Malignant Hypertension C0020540 C3412 Hypertension, Malignant [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001622 Hyperthyroidism M0010871 D006980 Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. Hyperthyroidism N0000001622 1022325 34486009 Primary Hyperthyroidism C0020550 C3422 Hyperthyroidism [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001625 Hypertrophy M0010875 D006984 General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). Hypertrophy N0000001625 1023930 56246009 C0020564 C3428 Hypertrophy [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001649 Hypotension M0010927 D007022 Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. Hypotension N0000001649 1022536 45007003 Blood Pressure, Low Hypotension, Vascular Low Blood Pressure Vascular Hypotension C0020649 C3476 Hypotension [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001651 Hypothalamic Diseases M0010935 D007027 Neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and other diseases of the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include appetite disorders; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SLEEP DISORDERS; behavioral symptoms related to dysfunction of the LIMBIC SYSTEM; and neuroendocrine disorders. Hypothalamic Diseases N0000001651 1024801 399100005 C0020655 C3480 Hypothalamic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001652 Hypothalamic Neoplasms M0010937 D007029 Benign and malignant tumors of the HYPOTHALAMUS. Pilocytic astrocytomas and hamartomas are relatively frequent histologic types. Neoplasms of the hypothalamus frequently originate from adjacent structures, including the OPTIC CHIASM, optic nerve (see OPTIC NERVE NEOPLASMS), and pituitary gland (see PITUITARY NEOPLASMS). Relatively frequent clinical manifestations include visual loss, developmental delay, macrocephaly, and precocious puberty. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2051) Hypothalamic Neoplasms N0000001652 1021928 254968009 Hypothalamic Tumors Hypothalamus Neoplasms Neoplasms, Hypothalamic Neoplasms, Hypothalamus Tumors, Hypothalamus C0020659 C3482 Hypothalamic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001660 Ileal Diseases M0011023 D007077 Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE. Ileal Diseases N0000001660 1025763 C0020875 C3498 Ileal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001661 Ileal Neoplasms M0011024 D007078 Tumors or cancer in the ILEUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Ileal Neoplasms N0000001661 1026955 126835002 C0020876 C3500 Ileal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001667 Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes M0011155 D007153 Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes N0000001667 1022772 191005003 234532001 Deficiency Syndrome, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Immunologic Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome Immunological Deficiency Syndromes C0021051 C3512 Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001668 Immune System Diseases M0011156 D007154 Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. Immune System Diseases N0000001668 1022843 41266007 Diseases of Immune System Immune Diseases Immune Disorders Immunologic Diseases Immunological Diseases C0021053 C3514 Immune System Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001669 Immunoproliferative Disorders M0011164 D007160 Disorders characterized by abnormal proliferation of primary cells of the immune system or by excessive production of immunoglobulins. Immunoproliferative Disorders N0000001669 1028023 127071007 C0021070 C3516 Immunoproliferative Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001672 Erectile Dysfunction M0011178 D007172 The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. Erectile Dysfunction N0000001672 1023399 397803000 Impotence Male Impotence Male Sexual Impotence C0242350 C3522 Erectile Dysfunction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001678 Infant, Newborn, Diseases M0011286 D007232 Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. Infant, Newborn, Diseases N0000001678 1024869 22925008 C0021290 C3534 Infant, Newborn, Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001681 Infection M0011294 D007239 Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. Infection N0000001681 1022093 40733004 C0021311 C3540 Infection [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001684 Infertility M0011302 D007246 Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility. Infertility N0000001684 1023984 8619003 C0021359 C3546 Infertility [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001687 Inflammation M0011307 D007249 A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Inflammation N0000001687 987778 23583003 C0021368 C3552 Inflammation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001691 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders M0011403 D007319 Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders N0000001691 1026171 194437008 DIMS (Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep) Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep C0021603 C3560 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001698 Intestinal Diseases M0011569 D007410 Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. Intestinal Diseases N0000001698 1023320 85919009 C0021831 C3574 Intestinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001699 Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic M0011570 D007411 Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS. Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic N0000001699 1021992 87282003 Parasitic Intestinal Diseases C0021832 C3576 Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001701 Intestinal Neoplasms M0011574 D007414 Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. Intestinal Neoplasms N0000001701 1023921 126769007 Intestines Neoplasms Neoplasms, Intestinal C0021841 C3580 Intestinal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001702 Intestinal Obstruction M0011575 D007415 Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. Intestinal Obstruction N0000001702 1023737 81060008 C0021843 C3582 Intestinal Obstruction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001703 Intestinal Perforation M0011577 D007416 Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES. Intestinal Perforation N0000001703 1027177 56905009 C0021845 C3584 Intestinal Perforation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001709 Iris Diseases M0011716 D007499 Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris. Iris Diseases N0000001709 1027428 85478004 C0022078 C3596 Iris Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001710 Iritis M0011717 D007500 Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris. Iritis N0000001710 1025397 65074000 C0022081 C3598 Iritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001711 Ischemia M0011734 D007511 A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. Ischemia N0000001711 1025819 52674009 C0022116 C3600 Ischemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001727 Joint Diseases M0011860 D007592 Joint Diseases N0000001727 1022553 399269003 C0022408 C3632 Joint Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001734 Keratitis M0011962 D007634 Inflammation of the cornea. Keratitis N0000001734 1023965 5888003 C0022568 C3646 Keratitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001741 Keratosis M0011970 D007642 Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. Keratosis N0000001741 1026745 254666005 C0022593 C3660 Keratosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001748 Kidney Diseases M0012014 D007674 Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. Kidney Diseases N0000001748 1022215 90708001 C0022658 C3674 Kidney Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001750 Kidney Failure, Chronic M0012016 D007676 The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. Kidney Failure, Chronic N0000001750 988914 90688005 Chronic Kidney Failure ESRD End-Stage Kidney Disease End-Stage Renal Disease Renal Disease, End-Stage Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure, End-Stage C0022661 C3678 Kidney Failure, Chronic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001751 Kidney Neoplasms M0012021 D007680 Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. Kidney Neoplasms N0000001751 1026062 126880001 Neoplasms, Kidney Renal Neoplasms C0022665 C3680 Kidney Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001758 Klebsiella Infections M0012059 D007710 Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA. Klebsiella Infections N0000001758 1027202 Infections, Klebsiella C0022729 C3694 Klebsiella Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001791 Lead Poisoning M0012268 D007855 Lead Poisoning N0000001791 1027250 38342005 Poisoning, Lead C0023176 C3760 Lead Poisoning [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001794 Leg Dermatoses M0012283 D007868 A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Leg Dermatoses N0000001794 1027712 Leg Dermatosis C0023219 C3766 Leg Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001799 Legionellosis M0012292 D007876 Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA. Legionellosis N0000001799 1025570 26726000 C0023240 C3776 Legionellosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001800 Legionnaires' Disease M0012293 D007877 An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion. Legionnaires' Disease N0000001800 1024785 195889001 269574000 312403005 Infections, Legionella pneumophila Legionella pneumophila Infections Legionnaire Disease C0023241 C3778 Legionnaires' Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001802 Leiomyoma M0012316 D007889 A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. Leiomyoma N0000001802 1024283 189787000 189788005 189793008 Fibroid Fibroid Tumor Fibromyoma C0023267 C3782 Leiomyoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001804 Leishmaniasis M0012333 D007896 A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Leishmaniasis N0000001804 1026755 80612004 C0023281 C3786 Leishmaniasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001806 Leishmaniasis, Visceral M0012335 D007898 A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African. Leishmaniasis, Visceral N0000001806 1022315 186803007 Black Fever Kala-Azar C0023290 C3790 Leishmaniasis, Visceral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001810 Leprosy M0012361 D007918 A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. Leprosy N0000001810 1026701 81004002 Hansen Disease Hansen's Disease C0023343 C3798 Leprosy [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001815 Leukemia M0012382 D007938 A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) Leukemia N0000001815 1021987 188762002 93143009 C0023418 C3808 Leukemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001820 Leukemia, Hairy Cell M0012387 D007943 A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of "hairy" or "flagellated" cells in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia, Hairy Cell N0000001820 1022561 118613001 188644003 Hairy Cell Leukemia Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis Reticuloendotheliosis, Leukemic C0023443 C3818 Leukemia, Hairy Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001821 Leukemia, Lymphoid M0012388 D007945 Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. Leukemia, Lymphoid N0000001821 1022165 188725004 Leukemia, Lymphocytic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphoid Leukemia C0023448 C3820 Leukemia, Lymphoid [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001826 Leukemia, Myeloid M0012396 D007951 Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. Leukemia, Myeloid N0000001826 1023661 188732008 Granulocytic Leukemia Leukemia, Granulocytic Leukemia, Myelocytic Leukemia, Myelogenous Myelocytic Leukemia Myelogenous Leukemia Myeloid Leukemia C0023470 C3830 Leukemia, Myeloid [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001831 Leukocyte Disorders M0012409 D007960 Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. Leukocyte Disorders N0000001831 1025909 54097007 C0023510 C3840 Leukocyte Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001832 Leukocytosis M0012413 D007964 A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. Leukocytosis N0000001832 1022602 111583006 C0023518 C3842 Leukocytosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001838 Leukopenia M0012421 D007970 Leukopenia N0000001838 1025463 84828003 Leukocytopenia C0023530 C3854 Leukopenia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001862 Liver Cirrhosis M0012636 D008103 Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. Liver Cirrhosis N0000001862 1024193 19943007 Cirrhosis, Liver Hepatic Cirrhosis C0023890 C3902 Liver Cirrhosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001864 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary M0012640 D008105 FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary N0000001864 1024646 1761006 Biliary Cirrhosis C0023892 C3906 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001866 Liver Diseases M0012644 D008107 Pathological processes of the LIVER. Liver Diseases N0000001866 1024220 235856003 C0023895 C3910 Liver Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001867 Liver Diseases, Alcoholic M0012646 D008108 Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. Liver Diseases, Alcoholic N0000001867 1024755 41309000 Alcoholic Liver Diseases C0023896 C3912 Liver Diseases, Alcoholic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001869 Liver Neoplasms M0012652 D008113 Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. Liver Neoplasms N0000001869 1025382 126851005 Hepatic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Hepatic Neoplasms, Liver C0023903 C3916 Liver Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001879 Lung Diseases M0012744 D008171 Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. Lung Diseases N0000001879 1021971 19829001 Disease, Pulmonary Diseases, Pulmonary Pulmonary Disease Pulmonary Diseases C0024115 C3936 Lung Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001880 Lung Diseases, Fungal M0012745 D008172 Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread. Lung Diseases, Fungal N0000001880 1029543 Fungal Lung Diseases Pulmonary Fungal Diseases Pulmonary Fungal Infections C0024116 C3938 Lung Diseases, Fungal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001881 Lung Diseases, Obstructive M0012746 D008173 Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. Lung Diseases, Obstructive N0000001881 1025962 Obstructive Lung Diseases Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases C0600260 C3940 Lung Diseases, Obstructive [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001883 Lung Neoplasms M0012749 D008175 Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. Lung Neoplasms N0000001883 1023224 126713003 Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Pulmonary Pulmonary Neoplasms C0024121 C3944 Lung Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001885 Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous M0012754 D008178 A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID). Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous N0000001885 1027393 7119001 C0024137 C3948 Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001886 Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid M0012756 D008179 A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur. Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid N0000001886 1022154 200938002 238927000 Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Chronic C0024138 C3950 Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001887 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic M0012757 D008180 A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic N0000001887 1023595 55464009 Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus C0024141 C3952 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001898 Lymphatic Diseases M0012792 D008206 Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. Lymphatic Diseases N0000001898 1024043 111590001 234087005 362971004 C0024228 C3974 Lymphatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001905 Lymphoma M0012817 D008223 A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. Lymphoma N0000001905 1024259 118600007 Germinoblastoma Lymphoma, Malignant Reticulolymphosarcoma Sarcoma, Germinoblastic C0024299 C3988 Lymphoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001910 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin M0012822 D008228 Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin N0000001910 1024301 118601006 Diffuse Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma Lymphoma, Atypical Diffuse Small Lymphoid Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, Nonhodgkin's Lymphoma, Nonhodgkins Lymphoma, Small Cleaved Cell, Diffuse Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Diffuse Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse C0024305 C3998 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001914 Lymphoproliferative Disorders M0012826 D008232 Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. Lymphoproliferative Disorders N0000001914 987016 277466009 Duncan's Syndrome C0024314 C4006 Lymphoproliferative Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001915 Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia M0012865 D008258 A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity. Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia N0000001915 1022377 190817009 190818004 Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Plasmacytoid Lymphoma, Lymphoplasmacytoid Macroglobulinemia Primary Macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia C0024419 C4008 Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001918 Macular Degeneration M0012875 D008268 Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. Macular Degeneration N0000001918 987866 302891003 Age-Related Macular Degeneration Age-Related Maculopathies Age-Related Maculopathy Macular Dystrophy Maculopathies, Age-Related Maculopathy, Age-Related C0242383 C4014 Macular Degeneration [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001924 Malaria M0012910 D008288 A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. Malaria N0000001924 1025176 105649009 186797008 61462000 Infections, Plasmodium Marsh Fever Paludism Plasmodium Infections Remittent Fever C0024530 C4026 Malaria [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001964 Medulloblastoma M0013281 D008527 A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1) Medulloblastoma N0000001964 1026852 83217000 C0025149 C4106 Medulloblastoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001965 Megacolon M0013292 D008531 Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON. Megacolon N0000001965 1024643 197144003 C0025160 C4108 Megacolon [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001966 Megacolon, Toxic M0013293 D008532 An acute form of MEGACOLON, severe pathological dilatation of the COLON. It is associated with clinical conditions such as ULCERATIVE COLITIS; CROHN DISEASE; AMEBIC DYSENTERY; or CLOSTRIDIUM ENTEROCOLITIS. Megacolon, Toxic N0000001966 987192 28536002 Toxic Megacolon C0025162 C4110 Megacolon, Toxic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001969 Melanoma M0013309 D008545 A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) Melanoma N0000001969 1023577 372244006 Malignant Melanoma C0025202 C4116 Melanoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001978 Meningeal Neoplasms M0013360 D008577 Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Meningeal Neoplasms N0000001978 1022381 126965008 Meningeal Tumors Neoplasms, Meningeal C0025284 C4134 Meningeal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001981 Meningitis M0013365 D008581 Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) Meningitis N0000001981 1024254 192678004 192681009 7180009 C0025289 C4140 Meningitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001994 Menstruation Disturbances M0013402 D008599 Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease. Menstruation Disturbances N0000001994 1021753 386804004 Menstruation Disorders C0025345 C4166 Menstruation Disturbances [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001995 Mental Retardation M0013414 D008607 Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual is mentally retarded. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline mentally retarded range. Scores below 67 are in the retarded range. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) Mental Retardation N0000001995 1023334 91138005 Disability, Intellectual Retardation, Mental C0025362 C4168 Mental Retardation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000001996 Mercury Poisoning M0013450 D008630 Mercury Poisoning N0000001996 1026029 85180002 Poisoning, Mercury C0025427 C4170 Mercury Poisoning [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002003 Mesothelioma M0013485 D008654 A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed) Mesothelioma N0000002003 1024487 62064005 C0025500 C4184 Mesothelioma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002004 Metabolic Diseases M0013493 D008659 Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) Metabolic Diseases N0000002004 1022778 30390004 75934005 Diseases, Metabolic Thesaurismosis C0025517 C4186 Metabolic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002005 Metabolism, Inborn Errors M0013496 D008661 Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. Metabolism, Inborn Errors N0000002005 1024978 86095007 Inborn Errors of Metabolism Metabolism Errors, Inborn C0025521 C4188 Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002006 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors M0013499 D008664 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors N0000002006 990196 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Error C0025534 C4190 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002034 Stomatognathic Diseases M0014128 D009057 General or unspecified diseases of the stomatognathic system, comprising the mouth, teeth, jaws, and pharynx. Stomatognathic Diseases N0000002034 1027350 Mouth and Tooth Diseases C0038368 C4246 Stomatognathic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002036 Mouth Diseases M0014130 D009059 Mouth Diseases N0000002036 1027441 118938008 C0026636 C4250 Mouth Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002039 Movement Disorders M0014141 D009069 Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. Movement Disorders N0000002039 1024614 60342002 Dyskinesia Syndromes Movement Disorder Syndromes C0026650 C4256 Movement Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002050 Multiple Myeloma M0014195 D009101 A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Multiple Myeloma N0000002050 1022141 109989006 Kahler Disease Myeloma, Plasma-Cell Myeloma-Multiple Myelomatosis Plasma Cell Myeloma C0026764 C4278 Multiple Myeloma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002052 Multiple Sclerosis M0014197 D009103 An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) Multiple Sclerosis N0000002052 1024685 192928003 24700007 MS (Multiple Sclerosis) Sclerosis, Disseminated C0026769 C4282 Multiple Sclerosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002057 Muscle Cramp M0014234 D009120 A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398) Muscle Cramp N0000002057 1026631 55300003 Cramp Muscular Cramp C0026821 C4292 Muscle Cramp [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002058 Muscle Hypertonia M0014236 D009122 Abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone. Skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with PYRAMIDAL TRACT lesions or BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. Muscle Hypertonia N0000002058 1023026 41581000 Hypermyotonia Muscle Tone Increased Muscular Hypertonicity C0026826 C4294 Muscle Hypertonia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002060 Muscle Rigidity M0014242 D009127 Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73) Muscle Rigidity N0000002060 1026262 16046003 Rigidity, Muscular C0026837 C4298 Muscle Rigidity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002061 Muscle Spasticity M0014243 D009128 A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) Muscle Spasticity N0000002061 1024482 221360009 C0026838 C4300 Muscle Spasticity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002064 Muscular Diseases M0014252 D009135 Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. Muscular Diseases N0000002064 1022424 129565002 Muscle Disorders Myopathic Conditions Myopathies C0026848 C4306 Muscular Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002067 Musculoskeletal Diseases M0014259 D009140 Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. Musculoskeletal Diseases N0000002067 1022076 928000 C0026857 C4312 Musculoskeletal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002070 Myasthenia Gravis M0014279 D009157 A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles. Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors damage the motor endplate portion of the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, impairing the transmission of impulses to skeletal muscles. Clinical manifestations may include diplopia, ptosis, and weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles. THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1459) Myasthenia Gravis N0000002070 1024161 91637004 C0026896 C4318 Myasthenia Gravis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002071 Mycobacterium Infections M0014287 D009164 Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM. Mycobacterium Infections N0000002071 1022908 88415009 Infections, Mycobacterium C0026918 C4320 Mycobacterium Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002072 Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical M0014288 D009165 Infections with so called atypical mycobacteria (tuberculoid bacilli): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae. Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical N0000002072 1026349 111811007 111812000 Atypical Mycobacterium Infections Infections, Atypical Mycobacterium Infections, Tuberculoid Tuberculoid Infections C0026919 C4322 Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002073 Mycoplasma Infections M0014307 D009175 Infections with species of the genus MYCOPLASMA. Mycoplasma Infections N0000002073 1023539 186462007 186464008 Infections, Mycoplasma C0026936 C4324 Mycoplasma Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002074 Mycoplasmatales Infections M0014312 D009180 Infections with bacteria of the order MYCOPLASMATALES. Mycoplasmatales Infections N0000002074 1030047 Infections, Mycoplasmatales C0026945 C4326 Mycoplasmatales Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002075 Mycoses M0014313 D009181 Mycoses N0000002075 1024676 3218000 Fungus Diseases C0026946 C4328 Mycoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002076 Mycosis Fungoides M0014314 D009182 A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected. Mycosis Fungoides N0000002076 1024347 118618005 188618003 C0026948 C4330 Mycosis Fungoides [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002082 Myeloproliferative Disorders M0014332 D009196 Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE. Myeloproliferative Disorders N0000002082 1022355 128925001 414792005 414794006 C0027022 C4342 Myeloproliferative Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002085 Myocardial Infarction M0014340 D009203 NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). Myocardial Infarction N0000002085 1024565 22298006 Myocardial Infarct C0027051 C4348 Myocardial Infarction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002093 Myosarcoma M0014359 D009217 A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed) Myosarcoma N0000002093 1025716 20667008 C0027095 C4364 Myosarcoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002094 Myositis M0014368 D009220 Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. Myositis N0000002094 1023065 128496001 203110007 26889001 Inflammatory Muscle Diseases Inflammatory Myopathy Muscle Diseases, Inflammatory Myopathy, Inflammatory C0027121 C4366 Myositis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002103 Nail Diseases M0014427 D009260 Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. Nail Diseases N0000002103 1023398 17790008 C0027339 C4384 Nail Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002110 Nasal Polyps M0014487 D009298 Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations. Nasal Polyps N0000002110 1026147 52756005 C0027430 C4398 Nasal Polyps [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002114 Nausea M0014528 D009325 An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. Nausea N0000002114 1023644 73879007 C0027497 C4406 Nausea [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002118 Nelson Syndrome M0014557 D009347 A syndrome characterized by HYPERPIGMENTATION, enlarging pituitary mass, visual defects secondary to compression of the OPTIC CHIASM, and elevated serum ACTH. It is caused by the expansion of an underlying ACTH-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA that grows in the absence of feedback inhibition by adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS, usually after ADRENALECTOMY. Nelson Syndrome N0000002118 1025318 43019009 C0027577 C4414 Nelson Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002121 Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities M0014570 D009358 Diseases existing at birth and often before birth, or that develop during the first month of life (INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES), regardless of causation. Of these diseases, those characterized by structural deformities are termed CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES. Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities N0000002121 989203 C0027612 C4420 Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002128 Neoplasms M0014585 D009369 New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Neoplasms N0000002128 1022284 189525008 189526009 55342001 Tumors C0027651 C4434 Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002129 Neoplasms by Histologic Type M0014588 D009370 A collective term for the various histological types of NEOPLASMS. It is more likely to be used by searchers than by indexers and catalogers. Neoplasms by Histologic Type N0000002129 986146 Histological Type of Neoplasm Histological Types of Neoplasms Neoplasms by Histological Type C0027652 C4436 Neoplasms by Histologic Type [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002130 Neoplasms by Site M0014589 D009371 A collective term for precoordinated organ/neoplasm headings locating neoplasms by organ, as BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DUODENAL NEOPLASMS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; etc. Neoplasms by Site N0000002130 1026659 Neoplasms by Sites Site, Neoplasm Sites, Neoplasm C0027653 C4438 Neoplasms by Site [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002131 Neoplasms, Connective Tissue M0014590 D009372 Neoplasms composed of connective tissue, including elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective tissue. Neoplasms, Connective Tissue N0000002131 1026975 126598008 Connective Tissue Neoplasms C0027656 C4440 Neoplasms, Connective Tissue [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002132 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal M0014592 D009373 Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS. Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal N0000002132 1026873 Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms Germ Cell and Embryonic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonic C0027658 C4442 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002133 Neoplasms, Experimental M0014595 D009374 Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms. Neoplasms, Experimental N0000002133 1025199 Experimental Neoplasms C0027659 C4444 Neoplasms, Experimental [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002134 Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial M0014596 D009375 Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue. Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial N0000002134 1028442 Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms Neoplasms, Glandular Epithelial C0027660 C4446 Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002138 Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue M0014603 D009379 Neoplasms composed of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, or smooth. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in muscles. Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue N0000002138 1030677 Muscle Tissue Neoplasms C0027664 C4454 Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002139 Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue M0014605 D009380 Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves. Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue N0000002139 985772 Neoplasms, Nervous Tissue Nerve Tissue Neoplasms Nervous Tissue Neoplasms C0027665 C4456 Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002142 Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue M0014610 D009383 Neoplasms composed of vascular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in blood vessels. Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue N0000002142 1023689 Blood Vessel Tumors Vascular Tissue Neoplasms C0282607 C4462 Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002143 Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes M0014611 D009384 Syndromes resulting from inappropriate production of HORMONES or hormone-like materials by NEOPLASMS in non-endocrine tissues or not by the usual ENDOCRINE GLANDS. Such hormone outputs are called ectopic hormone (HORMONES, ECTOPIC) secretion. Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes N0000002143 1027737 Ectopic Hormone Syndromes C0027670 C4464 Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002144 Neoplastic Processes M0014612 D009385 The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity. Neoplastic Processes N0000002144 1026939 Processes, Neoplastic C0027671 C4466 Neoplastic Processes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002147 Nephritis M0014626 D009393 Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. Nephritis N0000002147 1022904 52845002 C0027697 C4472 Nephritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002149 Nephritis, Interstitial M0014628 D009395 Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction. Nephritis, Interstitial N0000002149 1022491 28689008 Interstitial Nephritis C0027707 C4476 Nephritis, Interstitial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002153 Nephrosis M0014635 D009401 Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. Nephrosis N0000002153 1025384 90708001 C0027720 C4484 Nephrosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002155 Nephrotic Syndrome M0014639 D009404 A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. Nephrotic Syndrome N0000002155 1026285 52254009 C0027726 C4488 Nephrotic Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002159 Nervous System Diseases M0014667 D009422 Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. Nervous System Diseases N0000002159 1026444 118940003 Nervous System Disorders Neurologic Disorders Neurological Disorders C0027765 C4496 Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002160 Nervous System Neoplasms M0014668 D009423 Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms. Nervous System Neoplasms N0000002160 1024871 126950007 Neoplasms, Nervous System Nervous System Tumors Tumors of the Nervous System C0027766 C4498 Nervous System Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002162 Neuralgia M0014687 D009437 Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Neuralgia N0000002162 1024078 16269008 203115002 Neurodynia Neuropathic Pain C0027796 C4502 Neuralgia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002167 Neuroblastoma M0014699 D009447 A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) Neuroblastoma N0000002167 1026096 87364003 C0027819 C4512 Neuroblastoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002173 Neurologic Manifestations M0014716 D009461 Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction. Neurologic Manifestations N0000002173 1025946 Manifestations, Neurologic Manifestations, Neurological Neurologic Manifestation Neurologic Signs and Symptoms Neurological Manifestations C0027854 C4524 Neurologic Manifestations [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002176 Neuromuscular Diseases M0014726 D009468 A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. Neuromuscular Diseases N0000002176 1026561 255522009 257277002 C0027868 C4530 Neuromuscular Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002182 Neutropenia M0014782 D009503 A decrease in the number of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) Neutropenia N0000002182 1023774 303011007 C0027947 C4542 Neutropenia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002194 Nose Diseases M0015012 D009668 Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified. Nose Diseases N0000002194 1024498 89488007 Nasal Diseases Nasal Disorders C0028432 C4566 Nose Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002196 Nutrition Disorders M0015120 D009748 Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. Nutrition Disorders N0000002196 1024039 2492009 Nutritional Disorders C0028709 C4570 Nutrition Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002197 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases M0015124 D009750 A collective term for nutritional disorders resulting from poor absorption or nutritional imbalance, and metabolic disorders resulting from defects in biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) or breakdown (CATABOLISM) of endogenous substances. Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases N0000002197 1026553 C0028715 C4572 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002203 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder M0015170 D009771 An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder N0000002203 1022585 191736004 Anankastic Personality Neurosis, Obsessive-Compulsive C0028768 C4584 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002205 Occupational Diseases M0015191 D009784 Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment. Occupational Diseases N0000002205 1027957 115966001 Diseases, Occupational C0028797 C4588 Occupational Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002207 Ocular Hypertension M0015213 D009798 A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. Ocular Hypertension N0000002207 1024796 4210003 Hypertension, Ocular C0028840 C4592 Ocular Hypertension [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002225 Opportunistic Infections M0015350 D009894 An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. Opportunistic Infections N0000002225 1025670 61274003 C0029118 C4628 Opportunistic Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002227 Optic Nerve Diseases M0015358 D009901 Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. Optic Nerve Diseases N0000002227 985060 77157004 Cranial Nerve II Diseases Cranial Nerve II Disorder Neural-Optical Lesion Optic Neuropathy Second Cranial Nerve Diseases C0029132 C4632 Optic Nerve Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002228 Optic Neuritis M0015359 D009902 Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). Optic Neuritis N0000002228 1023808 194052008 66760008 C0029134 C4634 Optic Neuritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002240 Ossification, Heterotopic M0015505 D009999 The development of bony substance in normally soft structures. Ossification, Heterotopic N0000002240 1023221 128491006 Ossification, Ectopic Ossification, Pathologic Ossification, Pathological Pathologic Ossification C0029396 C4658 Ossification, Heterotopic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002244 Osteoarthritis M0015509 D010003 A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. Osteoarthritis N0000002244 1022131 225655006 396275006 Arthritis, Degenerative Osteoarthrosis C0029408 C4666 Osteoarthritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002255 Osteomalacia M0015543 D010018 A condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia, and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium. (Dorland, 27th ed) Osteomalacia N0000002255 1024754 190642003 4598005 C0029442 C4688 Osteomalacia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002256 Osteomyelitis M0015544 D010019 Osteomyelitis N0000002256 1022411 111253001 203207005 268020008 60168000 C0029443 C4690 Osteomyelitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002269 Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases M0015572 D010038 Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases. Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases N0000002269 985940 ENT Diseases Otolaryngologic Diseases Otolaryngological Diseases Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Otorhinolaryngological Disease C0029896 C4716 Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002273 Ovarian Diseases M0015590 D010049 Pathological processes of the OVARY. Ovarian Diseases N0000002273 1027825 5552004 C0029928 C4724 Ovarian Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002274 Ovarian Neoplasms M0015593 D010051 Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. Ovarian Neoplasms N0000002274 1022316 123843001 Neoplasms, Ovarian Ovary Neoplasms C0919267 C4726 Ovarian Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002277 Paget Disease, Extramammary M0015741 D010145 A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478) Paget Disease, Extramammary N0000002277 1024557 71447003 Extra-Mammary Paget Disease Extra-Mammary Paget's Disease Extramammary Paget Disease Extramammary Paget's Disease Paget Disease Extramammary Paget Disease, Extra-Mammary Paget's Disease, Extra-Mammary Paget's Disease, Extramammary C0030186 C4732 Paget Disease, Extramammary [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002278 Pain M0015742 D010146 An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. Pain N0000002278 1021856 22253000 C0030193 C4734 Pain [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002280 Pain, Postoperative M0015751 D010149 Pain during the period after surgery. Pain, Postoperative N0000002280 1022740 213299007 Postoperative Pain C0030201 C4738 Pain, Postoperative [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002285 Pancreatic Diseases M0015794 D010182 Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. Pancreatic Diseases N0000002285 1022020 3855007 C0030286 C4748 Pancreatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002288 Pancreatic Neoplasms M0015803 D010190 Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). Pancreatic Neoplasms N0000002288 1026434 126859007 Neoplasms, Pancreatic Pancreas Neoplasms C0030297 C4754 Pancreatic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002298 Paracoccidioidomycosis M0015861 D010229 A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma. Superficial resemblance of P. brasiliensis to Blastomyces brasiliensis (BLASTOMYCES) may cause misdiagnosis. Paracoccidioidomycosis N0000002298 1021870 36866003 59925007 Blastomycosis, South American C0030409 C4774 Paracoccidioidomycosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002309 Paranasal Sinus Diseases M0015892 D010254 Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors. Paranasal Sinus Diseases N0000002309 1024100 7393007 C0030469 C4796 Paranasal Sinus Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002311 Paraneoplastic Syndromes M0015895 D010257 In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. Paraneoplastic Syndromes N0000002311 1022521 49783001 C0030472 C4800 Paraneoplastic Syndromes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002317 Paraproteinemias M0015905 D010265 A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. Paraproteinemias N0000002317 1022681 190816000 Paraimmunoglobulinemias C0030489 C4812 Paraproteinemias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002319 Parasitic Diseases M0015919 D010272 Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure. Parasitic Diseases N0000002319 987316 17322007 C0030499 C4816 Parasitic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002325 Paresis M0015948 D010291 A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS. Paresis N0000002325 987955 26544005 Muscle Paresis Muscular Paresis C0030552 C4828 Paresis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002327 Parkinson Disease M0015963 D010300 A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) Parkinson Disease N0000002327 1022466 49049000 Idiopathic Parkinson Disease Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Lewy Body Parkinson Disease Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease Paralysis Agitans Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body Primary Parkinsonism C0030567 C4832 Parkinson Disease [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002338 Pathologic Processes M0016012 D010335 The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. Pathologic Processes N0000002338 1025320 308489006 370135005 Pathological Processes Processes, Pathologic C0030660 C4854 Pathologic Processes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002347 Pemphigus M0016112 D010392 Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS. Pemphigus N0000002347 1025707 65172003 C0030807 C4872 Pemphigus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002351 Peptic Ulcer M0016211 D010437 Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Peptic Ulcer N0000002351 1024813 13200003 196697002 266437002 Gastroduodenal Ulcer C0030920 C4880 Peptic Ulcer [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002367 Familial Mediterranean Fever M0016320 D010505 A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease. Familial Mediterranean Fever N0000002367 1023411 12579009 Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis Familial Paroxysmal Polyserositis Mediterranean Fever, Familial Periodic Disease Periodic Disease, Wolff's Periodic Peritonitis Recurrent Polyserositis Wolff Periodic Disease Wolff's Periodic Disease C0031069 C4912 Familial Mediterranean Fever [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002375 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases M0016347 D010523 Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. Peripheral Nervous System Diseases N0000002375 989352 302226006 42658009 PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) Diseases PNS Diseases Peripheral Nerve Diseases Peripheral Nervous System Disease Peripheral Nervous System Disorders Peripheral Neuropathies C0031117 C4928 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002385 Pharyngeal Diseases M0016479 D010608 Pathological processes involving the PHARYNX. Pharyngeal Diseases N0000002385 1024885 195832000 75860007 Diseases of Pharynx Pharynx Diseases C0031345 C4948 Pharyngeal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002393 Phlebitis M0016608 D010689 Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS). Phlebitis N0000002393 986358 61599003 C0031542 C4964 Phlebitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002394 Phobic Disorders M0016622 D010698 Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable. Phobic Disorders N0000002394 1023113 386810004 Neuroses, Phobic Phobias Phobic Neuroses C0349231 C4966 Phobic Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002407 Pituitary Diseases M0016908 D010900 Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. Pituitary Diseases N0000002407 1023299 399244003 Hypophyseal Disorders Pituitary Disorders Pituitary Gland Diseases C0032002 C4992 Pituitary Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002408 Pituitary Neoplasms M0016922 D010911 Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. Pituitary Neoplasms N0000002408 1027456 127024001 Pituitary Tumors C0032019 C4994 Pituitary Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002415 Plague M0016945 D010930 An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form. Plague N0000002415 1027188 186290009 58750007 C0032064 C5008 Plague [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002430 Pneumococcal Infections M0017055 D011008 Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. Pneumococcal Infections N0000002430 988639 16814004 Infections, Pneumococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections C0032269 C5038 Pneumococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002432 Pneumonia M0017064 D011014 Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. Pneumonia N0000002432 1022757 205237003 233604007 Lung Inflammation Pneumonitis Pulmonary Inflammation C0032285 C5042 Pneumonia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002435 Pneumonia, Pneumococcal M0017071 D011018 A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. Pneumonia, Pneumococcal N0000002435 1024902 233607000 266350000 278516003 C0155862 C5048 Pneumonia, Pneumococcal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002437 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis M0017073 D011020 A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis. Pneumonia, Pneumocystis N0000002437 1023656 415125002 88860002 Pneumocystis Pneumonia Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Pneumocystosis Pneumonia, Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii C0032305 C5052 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002447 Poisoning M0017099 D011041 A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent. Poisoning N0000002447 1026915 75478009 C0032343 C5072 Poisoning [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002451 Polychondritis, Relapsing M0017161 D011081 An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction. Polychondritis, Relapsing N0000002451 1023111 72275000 Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic C0032453 C5080 Polychondritis, Relapsing [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002454 Polycythemia Vera M0017168 D011087 A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs. Polycythemia Vera N0000002454 1023815 109992005 Erythremia Osler-Vaquez Disease Polycythemia Rubra Vera C0032463 C5086 Polycythemia Vera [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002458 Polyps M0017240 D011127 Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. Polyps N0000002458 1024250 41329004 C0032584 C5094 Polyps [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002464 Porphyrias M0017334 D011164 A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. Porphyrias N0000002464 1022410 29094004 371628009 418470004 Porphyria C0032708 C5106 Porphyrias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002467 Postoperative Complications M0017367 D011183 Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. Postoperative Complications N0000002467 1022600 385486001 Complication, Postoperative C0032787 C5112 Postoperative Complications [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002474 Pre-Excitation Syndromes M0017444 D011226 A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS. Pre-Excitation Syndromes N0000002474 1026072 Preexcitation Syndrome C0032915 C5126 Pre-Excitation Syndromes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002478 Pregnancy Complications M0017474 D011248 Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases. Pregnancy Complications N0000002478 1023402 198881004 90821003 Complications, Pregnancy C0032962 C5134 Pregnancy Complications [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002481 Pregnancy Complications, Infectious M0017477 D011251 The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION. Pregnancy Complications, Infectious N0000002481 1025778 Complications, Infectious Pregnancy Infectious Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy, Infectious Complications C0032965 C5140 Pregnancy Complications, Infectious [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002482 Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic M0017478 D011252 The co-occurrence of pregnancy and NEOPLASMS. The neoplastic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION. Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic N0000002482 1025596 Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy Neoplastic Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy, Neoplastic Complications C0032966 C5142 Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002485 Pregnancy, Abdominal M0017497 D011269 A type of ectopic pregnancy in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY instead of in the ENDOMETRIUM of the UTERUS. Pregnancy, Abdominal N0000002485 1028274 82661006 Abdominal Pregnancy C0032984 C5148 Pregnancy, Abdominal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002486 Pregnancy, Ectopic M0017499 D011271 A potentially life-threatening condition in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL). Pregnancy, Ectopic N0000002486 1021784 34801009 Ectopic Pregnancy C0032987 C5150 Pregnancy, Ectopic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002493 Proctitis M0017632 D011349 INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). Proctitis N0000002493 1023205 3951002 C0033246 C5164 Proctitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002498 Prostatic Diseases M0017828 D011469 Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues. Prostatic Diseases N0000002498 1022359 30281009 C0033575 C5174 Prostatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002499 Prostatic Hyperplasia M0017830 D011470 Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. Prostatic Hyperplasia N0000002499 1103694 197958000 367483003 C2937421 C5176 Prostatic Hyperplasia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002500 Prostatic Neoplasms M0017833 D011471 Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. Prostatic Neoplasms N0000002500 1022598 126906006 Neoplasms, Prostate Neoplasms, Prostatic Prostate Neoplasms C0033578 C5178 Prostatic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002501 Prostatitis M0017835 D011472 Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment. Prostatitis N0000002501 984334 9713002 C0033581 C5180 Prostatitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002507 Proteus Infections M0017900 D011512 Infections with bacteria of the genus PROTEUS. Proteus Infections N0000002507 1024609 186437007 Infections, Proteus C0033700 C5192 Proteus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002508 Protozoan Infections M0017926 D011528 Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. Protozoan Infections N0000002508 1021795 95896000 Infections, Protozoan C0033740 C5194 Protozoan Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002512 Pruritus M0017935 D011537 An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. Pruritus N0000002512 1023996 279333002 Itching Pruritis C0033774 C5202 Pruritus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002513 Pruritus Ani M0017936 D011538 Intense chronic itching in the anal area. Pruritus Ani N0000002513 1022806 90446007 C0033775 C5204 Pruritus Ani [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002519 Pseudomonas Infections M0017955 D011552 Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas Infections N0000002519 1028699 63398001 Infections, Pseudomonas C0033817 C5216 Pseudomonas Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002526 Psoriasis M0017975 D011565 A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. Psoriasis N0000002526 1022582 200961000 9014002 C0033860 C5230 Psoriasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002527 Psychomotor Agitation M0018023 D011595 A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions. Psychomotor Agitation N0000002527 1024246 162221009 24199005 47295007 Agitation, Psychomotor Excitement, Psychomotor Psychomotor Hyperactivity Psychomotor Restlessness Restlessness C0085631 C5232 Psychomotor Agitation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002528 Psychomotor Disorders M0018026 D011596 Abnormalities of motor function that are associated with organic and non-organic cognitive disorders. Psychomotor Disorders N0000002528 986879 C0033922 C5234 Psychomotor Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002532 Psychotic Disorders M0018060 D011618 Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) Psychotic Disorders N0000002532 1023496 69322001 Psychoses C0033975 C5242 Psychotic Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002535 Puberty, Precocious M0018083 D011629 Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE. Puberty, Precocious N0000002535 1023098 123527003 400179000 Precocious Puberty C0034013 C5248 Puberty, Precocious [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002540 Pulmonary Edema M0018125 D011654 Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. Pulmonary Edema N0000002540 1024136 19242006 Edema, Pulmonary Edemas, Pulmonary Pulmonary Edemas Wet Lung C0034063 C5258 Pulmonary Edema [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002552 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors M0018168 D011686 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors N0000002552 1028018 238006008 Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors C0034139 C5282 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002558 Pyelitis M0018193 D011702 Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed. Pyelitis N0000002558 1022138 197780007 27174002 C0034183 C5294 Pyelitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002559 Pyelonephritis M0018195 D011704 Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. Pyelonephritis N0000002559 1022761 197779009 45816000 C0034186 C5296 Pyelonephritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002578 Rectal Diseases M0018654 D012002 Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). Rectal Diseases N0000002578 1024401 5964004 C0034882 C5334 Rectal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002580 Rectal Neoplasms M0018657 D012004 Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. Rectal Neoplasms N0000002580 990333 126847008 Neoplasms, Rectal Rectum Neoplasms C0034885 C5338 Rectal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002595 Respiration Disorders M0018879 D012120 Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available. Respiration Disorders N0000002595 1022107 50043002 C0035204 C5368 Respiration Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002597 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult M0018891 D012128 A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult N0000002597 990085 67782005 95437004 ARDS, Human Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute Shock Lung C0035222 C5372 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002598 Respiratory Hypersensitivity M0018896 D012130 A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL. Respiratory Hypersensitivity N0000002598 1025923 Hypersensitivity, Respiratory C0035228 C5374 Respiratory Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002599 Respiratory Insufficiency M0018897 D012131 Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) Respiratory Insufficiency N0000002599 1023246 409623005 C0035229 C5376 Respiratory Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002602 Respiratory Tract Diseases M0018918 D012140 Respiratory Tract Diseases N0000002602 1024163 C0035242 C5382 Respiratory Tract Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002603 Respiratory Tract Infections M0018919 D012141 Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. Respiratory Tract Infections N0000002603 1025855 275498002 Infections, Respiratory Infections, Respiratory Tract Respiratory Infections C0035243 C5384 Respiratory Tract Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002604 Respiratory Tract Neoplasms M0018921 D012142 Respiratory Tract Neoplasms N0000002604 986366 126667002 C0035244 C5386 Respiratory Tract Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002607 Retinal Degeneration M0018942 D012162 A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) Retinal Degeneration N0000002607 1026317 95695004 C0035304 C5392 Retinal Degeneration [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002609 Retinal Diseases M0018945 D012164 Retinal Diseases N0000002609 1023467 29555009 399625000 C0035309 C5396 Retinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002613 Retinitis M0018959 D012173 Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). Retinitis N0000002613 1026421 399463004 C0035333 C5404 Retinitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002623 Retroviridae Infections M0018986 D012192 Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE. Retroviridae Infections N0000002623 1025440 105635000 Infections, Retroviridae Infections, Retrovirus Retrovirus Infections C0035369 C5424 Retroviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002628 Rhabdomyosarcoma M0019001 D012208 A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) Rhabdomyosarcoma N0000002628 1021776 302847003 C0035412 C5434 Rhabdomyosarcoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002629 Rheumatic Fever M0019009 D012213 A febrile disease occurring as a delayed sequela of infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES. It is characterized by multiple focal inflammatory lesions of the connective tissue structures, such as the heart, blood vessels, and joints (POLYARTHRITIS) and brain, and by the presence of ASCHOFF BODIES in the myocardium and skin. Rheumatic Fever N0000002629 1023414 58718002 81077008 Acute Rheumatic Fever Arthritis, Acute Rheumatic Arthritis, Rheumatic, Acute Inflammatory Rheumatism Polyarthritis Rheumatica Rheumatic Arthritis Rheumatism, Acute Articular Rheumatism, Articular, Acute C0035436 C5436 Rheumatic Fever [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002632 Rheumatic Diseases M0019014 D012216 Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. Rheumatic Diseases N0000002632 1022758 203100003 396332003 Rheumatism C0035435 C5442 Rheumatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002634 Rhinitis M0019019 D012220 Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. Rhinitis N0000002634 1023076 70076002 Nasal Catarrh C0035455 C5446 Rhinitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002635 Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial M0019020 D012221 Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc. Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial N0000002635 1025485 38103000 Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal C0035457 C5448 Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002650 RNA Virus Infections M0019160 D012327 RNA Virus Infections N0000002650 1027571 Infections, RNA Virus C0035690 C5478 RNA Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002653 Rosacea M0019267 D012393 A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). Rosacea N0000002653 1024747 398909004 Acne Rosacea C0035854 C5484 Rosacea [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002662 Salivary Gland Diseases M0019375 D012466 Salivary Gland Diseases N0000002662 987342 10890000 C0036093 C5502 Salivary Gland Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002666 Salmonella Infections M0019393 D012480 Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA. Salmonella Infections N0000002666 1025316 302231008 90974009 Infections, Salmonella Salmonellosis C0036117 C5510 Salmonella Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002671 Sarcoma M0019428 D012509 A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. Sarcoma N0000002671 1021824 269469005 Sarcoma, Soft Tissue C1261473 C5520 Sarcoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002674 Sarcoma, Ewing's M0019433 D012512 A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. There are conspicuous foci of necrosis in association with irregular masses of small, regular, rounded or ovoid cells with very scanty cytoplasm. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) Sarcoma, Ewing's N0000002674 1023147 76909002 Ewing's Tumor C0553580 C5526 Sarcoma, Ewing's [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002676 Sarcoma, Kaposi M0019437 D012514 A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause. Sarcoma, Kaposi N0000002676 1027423 109385007 Kaposi Sarcoma Kaposi's Sarcoma C0036220 C5530 Sarcoma, Kaposi [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002678 Osteosarcoma M0019439 D012516 A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Osteosarcoma N0000002678 1022808 21708004 Osteosarcoma Tumor Sarcoma, Osteogenic C0029463 C5534 Osteosarcoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002682 Scalp Dermatoses M0019465 D012536 Scalp Dermatoses N0000002682 1028528 402694007 Scalp Dermatosis C0036271 C5542 Scalp Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002690 Schizophrenia M0019489 D012559 A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. Schizophrenia N0000002690 1022169 191526005 191528006 58214004 Dementia Praecox Schizophrenic Disorders C0036341 C5558 Schizophrenia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002713 Seizures M0019597 D012640 Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder." Seizures N0000002713 1023130 91175000 C0036572 C5604 Seizures [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002716 Septicemia M0019666 D018805 Systemic disease associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. Septicemia N0000002716 1024926 105592009 Blood Poisoning Poisoning, Blood C0036690 C5610 Septicemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002722 Disorders of Sex Development M0019735 D012734 In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included. Disorders of Sex Development N0000002722 1027351 39179006 Disorders of Sexual Development Sex Development Disorders Sexual Development Disorders C0036875 C5622 Disorders of Sex Development [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002724 Sexually Transmitted Diseases M0019758 D012749 Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. Sexually Transmitted Diseases N0000002724 1023328 8098009 STDs Venereal Diseases C0036916 C5626 Sexually Transmitted Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002725 Sezary Syndrome M0019760 D012751 A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells). Sezary Syndrome N0000002725 1022616 118611004 188629004 Erythroderma, Sezary Sezary's Lymphoma C0036920 C5628 Sezary Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002728 Shock M0019782 D012769 A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. Shock N0000002728 1023333 274729009 27942005 Circulatory Collapse Circulatory Failure C0036974 C5634 Shock [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002729 Shock, Cardiogenic M0019783 D012770 Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. Shock, Cardiogenic N0000002729 1026337 89138009 C0036980 C5636 Shock, Cardiogenic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002731 Shock, Septic M0019786 D012772 Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include, but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. Shock, Septic N0000002731 1025847 76571007 Septic Shock C0036983 C5640 Shock, Septic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002743 Sick Sinus Syndrome M0019828 D012804 A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects. Sick Sinus Syndrome N0000002743 1025538 36083008 Sick Sinus Node Syndrome C0037052 C5664 Sick Sinus Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002746 Sigmoid Diseases M0019836 D012810 Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). Sigmoid Diseases N0000002746 989225 Sigmoid Colon Diseases C0037072 C5670 Sigmoid Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002748 Signs and Symptoms M0019845 D012816 Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. Signs and Symptoms N0000002748 1024593 C0037088 C5674 Signs and Symptoms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002749 Signs and Symptoms, Digestive M0019846 D012817 Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs. Signs and Symptoms, Digestive N0000002749 1029901 C0037089 C5676 Signs and Symptoms, Digestive [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002756 Sinusitis M0019901 D012852 Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. Sinusitis N0000002756 1021979 36971009 C0037199 C5690 Sinusitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002759 Skin Abnormalities M0019926 D012868 Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin. Skin Abnormalities N0000002759 1023316 199879009 268292002 38164009 Abnormalities, Skin C0037268 C5696 Skin Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002761 Skin Diseases M0019929 D012871 Skin Diseases N0000002761 1022858 95320005 Dermatoses Dermatosis C0037274 C5700 Skin Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002762 Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous M0019930 D012872 Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. Lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. Etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (From Scientific American Medicine, 1990) Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous N0000002762 1027633 Vesiculobullous Dermatoses Vesiculobullous Skin Diseases C0037275 C5702 Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002763 Skin Diseases, Genetic M0019934 D012873 Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism. Skin Diseases, Genetic N0000002763 986094 239001006 Genetic Skin Diseases C0037277 C5704 Skin Diseases, Genetic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002764 Skin Diseases, Infectious M0019935 D012874 Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. Skin Diseases, Infectious N0000002764 1025346 108365000 Infectious Skin Diseases C0037278 C5706 Skin Diseases, Infectious [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002765 Skin Diseases, Metabolic M0019936 D012875 Diseases of the skin associated with underlying metabolic disorders. Skin Diseases, Metabolic N0000002765 1027237 Metabolic Skin Diseases C0037279 C5708 Skin Diseases, Metabolic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002766 Skin Diseases, Parasitic M0019937 D012876 Skin diseases caused by ARTHROPODS; HELMINTHS; or other parasites. Skin Diseases, Parasitic N0000002766 1023415 128938009 33042004 Parasitic Skin Diseases C0037280 C5710 Skin Diseases, Parasitic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002767 Skin Manifestations M0019938 D012877 Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury. Skin Manifestations N0000002767 990515 C0037285 C5712 Skin Manifestations [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002768 Skin Neoplasms M0019939 D012878 Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. Skin Neoplasms N0000002768 1025991 126488004 Neoplasms, Skin C0037286 C5714 Skin Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002769 Skin Ulcer M0019944 D012883 Skin Ulcer N0000002769 1023651 247454005 46742003 C0037299 C5716 Skin Ulcer [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002774 Sleep Disorders M0019966 D012893 Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187) Sleep Disorders N0000002774 1022589 39898005 C0851578 C5726 Sleep Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002775 Slow Virus Diseases M0019974 D012897 Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES. Slow Virus Diseases N0000002775 1030191 C0037341 C5728 Slow Virus Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002780 Soft Tissue Neoplasms M0020121 D012983 Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc. Soft Tissue Neoplasms N0000002780 1024360 387837005 C0037579 C5738 Soft Tissue Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002785 Spasm M0020203 D013035 An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. Spasm N0000002785 988397 45352006 Muscle Spasm Muscular Spasm C0037763 C5748 Spasm [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002786 Spasms, Infantile M0020204 D013036 An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8) Spasms, Infantile N0000002786 1024258 28055006 Infantile Spasms Lightning Attacks West Syndrome C0037769 C5750 Spasms, Infantile [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002797 Spinal Diseases M0020315 D013122 Spinal Diseases N0000002797 1024732 240210004 267968002 302934007 C0037933 C5772 Spinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002803 Spirochaetales Infections M0020349 D013145 Infections with bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES. Spirochaetales Infections N0000002803 1022229 41116009 Infections, Spirochaetales Infections, Spirochete Spirochete Infections C0037974 C5784 Spirochaetales Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002809 Spondylitis M0020376 D013166 Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions. Spondylitis N0000002809 1024598 202649003 399096009 84172003 C0038012 C5796 Spondylitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002813 Sporotrichosis M0020384 D013174 The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound. Sporotrichosis N0000002813 1025783 42094007 C0038034 C5804 Sporotrichosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002817 Staphylococcal Infections M0020423 D013203 Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. Staphylococcal Infections N0000002817 1023915 56038003 Infections, Staphylococcal C0038160 C5812 Staphylococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002821 Status Asthmaticus M0020462 D013224 A sudden intense and continuous aggravation of a state of asthma, marked by dyspnea to the point of exhaustion and collapse and not responding to the usual therapeutic efforts. Status Asthmaticus N0000002821 1023330 57546000 Asthmatic Crisis Asthmatic Shock C0038218 C5820 Status Asthmaticus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002822 Status Epilepticus M0020463 D013226 A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) Status Epilepticus N0000002822 1027856 230456007 Status Epilepticus, Generalized C0038220 C5822 Status Epilepticus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002826 Stomach Diseases M0020542 D013272 Pathological processes involving the STOMACH. Stomach Diseases N0000002826 988579 29384001 Gastric Diseases C0038354 C5830 Stomach Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002828 Stomach Neoplasms M0020544 D013274 Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. Stomach Neoplasms N0000002828 1022499 126824007 Gastric Neoplasms Neoplasms, Gastric Neoplasms, Stomach C0038356 C5834 Stomach Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002830 Stomach Ulcer M0020546 D013276 Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Stomach Ulcer N0000002830 1023584 196642007 397825006 Gastric Ulcer C0038358 C5838 Stomach Ulcer [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002832 Stomatitis M0020550 D013280 INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. Stomatitis N0000002832 1025502 61170000 C0038362 C5842 Stomatitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002833 Stomatitis, Aphthous M0020551 D013281 A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) Stomatitis, Aphthous N0000002833 1023942 321258009 Aphthae Canker Sore Ulcer, Aphthous C0038363 C5844 Stomatitis, Aphthous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002837 Streptococcal Infections M0020568 D013290 Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. Streptococcal Infections N0000002837 1022383 85769006 Infections, Streptococcal C0038395 C5852 Streptococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002839 Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic M0020602 D013313 A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event. Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic N0000002839 1022702 47505003 Neuroses, Post-Traumatic Neuroses, Posttraumatic PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Stress Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorders, Posttraumatic C0038436 C5856 Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002855 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome M0020676 D013375 Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome N0000002855 1027256 C0038587 C5888 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002862 Suppuration M0020847 D013492 A pathologic process consisting in the formation of pus. Suppuration N0000002862 1028480 255320000 C0038862 C5902 Suppuration [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002865 Surgical Wound Infection M0020904 D013530 Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision. Surgical Wound Infection N0000002865 1026690 213285008 58126003 Infection, Postoperative Wound Infection, Surgical Wound Postoperative Wound Infection Wound Infection, Postoperative Wound Infection, Surgical C0038941 C5908 Surgical Wound Infection [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002872 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms M0020949 D013568 Abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions and objective or subjective manifestations of disease, not classified as disease or syndrome. Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms N0000002872 984268 Symptoms and General Pathology C0039058 C5922 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002873 Syncope M0020955 D013575 A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9) Syncope N0000002873 1023272 271594007 272030005 309585006 Fainting C0039070 C5924 Syncope [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002881 Syphilis M0020966 D013587 A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. Syphilis N0000002881 1023903 76272004 Great Pox C0039128 C5940 Syphilis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002888 Tachycardia M0020996 D013610 Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. Tachycardia N0000002888 1023558 3424008 86651002 C0039231 C5954 Tachycardia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002895 Tachycardia, Supraventricular M0021006 D013617 A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS. Tachycardia, Supraventricular N0000002895 1022287 6456007 C0039240 C5968 Tachycardia, Supraventricular [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002912 Testicular Diseases M0021188 D013733 Pathological processes of the TESTIS. Testicular Diseases N0000002912 1024150 64910008 C0039584 C6002 Testicular Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002914 Testicular Neoplasms M0021192 D013736 Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. Testicular Neoplasms N0000002914 1026876 126900000 Neoplasms, Testicular Neoplasms, Testis Testis Neoplasms C0039590 C6006 Testicular Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002915 Tetanus M0021200 D013742 A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form. Tetanus N0000002915 1022251 276202003 76902006 C0039614 C6008 Tetanus [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002927 Thoracic Neoplasms M0021397 D013899 Thoracic Neoplasms N0000002927 1029082 255058005 C0039981 C6032 Thoracic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002931 Thrombocythemia, Essential M0021427 D013920 A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets. Thrombocythemia, Essential N0000002931 1022170 109994006 Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia Thrombocythemia, Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia, Idiopathic Thrombocythemia, Primary C0040028 C6040 Thrombocythemia, Essential [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002932 Thrombocytopenia M0021428 D013921 A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. Thrombocytopenia N0000002932 1024914 302215000 Thrombopenia C0040034 C6042 Thrombocytopenia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002933 Thrombocytosis M0021429 D013922 Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) Thrombocytosis N0000002933 1022830 6631009 Thrombocythemia C0836924 C6044 Thrombocytosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002934 Thromboembolism M0021430 D013923 Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. Thromboembolism N0000002934 1027317 371039008 C0040038 C6046 Thromboembolism [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002935 Thrombophlebitis M0021432 D013924 Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). Thrombophlebitis N0000002935 1025289 64156001 C0040046 C6048 Thrombophlebitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002936 Thrombosis M0021435 D013927 Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. Thrombosis N0000002936 1022873 118927008 C0040053 C6050 Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002941 Thyroid Crisis M0021477 D013958 A dangerous life-threatening hypermetabolic condition characterized by high FEVER and dysfunction of the cardiovascular, the nervous, and the gastrointestinal systems. Thyroid Crisis N0000002941 1023119 29028009 Crisis, Thyrotoxic Thyroid Storm Thyrotoxic Crisis Thyrotoxic Storm C0040127 C6060 Thyroid Crisis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002942 Thyroid Diseases M0021478 D013959 Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. Thyroid Diseases N0000002942 1024048 14304000 C0040128 C6062 Thyroid Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002948 Thyrotoxicosis M0021495 D013971 A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING. Thyrotoxicosis N0000002948 1023059 286909009 90739004 C0040156 C6074 Thyrotoxicosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002950 Tic Disorders M0021514 D013981 Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany general medical conditions. (From DSM-IV, 1994) Tic Disorders N0000002950 1023189 568005 C0040188 C6078 Tic Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002955 Tinea M0021562 D014005 A general term describing various dermatophytoses. Specific types include TINEA CAPITIS (ringworm of the scalp), TINEA FAVOSA (of scalp and skin), TINEA PEDIS (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (see ONYCHOMYCOSIS, ringworm of the nails). (Dorland, 27th ed) Tinea N0000002955 1025429 47382004 Ringworm C0040247 C6088 Tinea [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002959 Onychomycosis M0021567 D014009 A fungal infection of the nail plate, usually caused by a DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS. Onychomycosis N0000002959 1022836 402134005 414941008 Nail Fungus Tinea Unguium C0040261 C6096 Onychomycosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002962 Tobacco Use Disorder M0021604 D014029 Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included. Tobacco Use Disorder N0000002962 1025347 Tobacco-Use Disorder C0040336 C6102 Tobacco Use Disorder [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000002989 Toxoplasmosis M0021732 D014123 The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. Toxoplasmosis N0000002989 1022005 187192000 Infection, Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasma gondii Infection C0040558 C6156 Toxoplasmosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003007 Treponemal Infections M0021878 D014211 Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. Treponemal Infections N0000003007 1025333 76272004 Infections, Treponemal C0040843 C6192 Treponemal Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003009 Trichomonas Infections M0021928 D014245 Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas. Trichomonas Infections N0000003009 1024821 105648001 56335008 Infections, Trichomonas C0040921 C6196 Trichomonas Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003010 Trichomonas Vaginitis M0021930 D014247 Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS. Trichomonas Vaginitis N0000003010 1026784 276877003 500000 81598001 C0040923 C6198 Trichomonas Vaginitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003018 Trigeminal Neuralgia M0021966 D014277 A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) Trigeminal Neuralgia N0000003018 1024205 31681005 Epileptiform Neuralgia Fothergill Disease Tic Douloureux Trifacial Neuralgia C0040997 C6214 Trigeminal Neuralgia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003023 Trophoblastic Neoplasms M0022033 D014328 Trophoblastic growth, which may be gestational or nongestational in origin. Trophoblastic neoplasia resulting from pregnancy is often described as gestational trophoblastic disease to distinguish it from germ cell tumors which frequently show trophoblastic elements, and from the trophoblastic differentiation which sometimes occurs in a wide variety of epithelial cancers. Gestational trophoblastic growth has several forms, including HYDATIDIFORM MOLE and CHORIOCARCINOMA. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1691) Trophoblastic Neoplasms N0000003023 1028174 115234004 Neoplasms, Trophoblastic Trophoblast Neoplasms Trophoblast Tumor Trophoblastic Tumor C0041182 C6224 Trophoblastic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003025 Trypanosomiasis M0022072 D014352 Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA. Trypanosomiasis N0000003025 1025319 78940002 C0041227 C6228 Trypanosomiasis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003030 Tuberculosis M0022106 D014376 Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM. Tuberculosis N0000003030 1023231 373576009 56717001 Koch's Disease Kochs Disease C0041296 C6238 Tuberculosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003034 Tuberculosis, Cutaneous M0022111 D014382 Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS. Tuberculosis, Cutaneous N0000003034 1025807 66986005 Skin Tuberculosis C0041309 C6246 Tuberculosis, Cutaneous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003044 Tuberculosis, Ocular M0022124 D014392 Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Tuberculosis, Ocular N0000003044 1022945 49107007 Ocular Tuberculosis C0041322 C6266 Tuberculosis, Ocular [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003049 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary M0022131 D014397 MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. Tuberculosis, Pulmonary N0000003049 1025418 154283005 397190009 Pulmonary Consumption Pulmonary Phthisis Pulmonary Tuberculoses Pulmonary Tuberculosis Tuberculoses, Pulmonary C0041327 C6276 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003055 Tularemia M0022145 D014406 A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness. Tularemia N0000003055 1023428 19265001 Francisella tularensis Infection C0041351 C6288 Tularemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003056 Tumor Virus Infections M0022156 D014412 Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses. Tumor Virus Infections N0000003056 988538 Infections, Tumor Virus C0041374 C6290 Tumor Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003059 Typhoid Fever M0022185 D014435 An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. Typhoid Fever N0000003059 1026044 4834000 Enteric Fever Typhoid Typhus, Abdominal C0041466 C6296 Typhoid Fever [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003064 Unconsciousness M0022251 D014474 Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5) Unconsciousness N0000003064 1026031 418107008 419045004 Consciousness, Loss of Unconscious State C0041657 C6306 Unconsciousness [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003068 Ureteral Diseases M0022325 D014515 Pathological processes involving the URETERS. Ureteral Diseases N0000003068 988834 C0041954 C6314 Ureteral Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003070 Ureteral Obstruction M0022327 D014517 Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. Ureteral Obstruction N0000003070 1023031 20018005 C0041956 C6318 Ureteral Obstruction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003072 Urethral Diseases M0022332 D014522 Pathological processes involving the URETHRA. Urethral Diseases N0000003072 1022102 4985009 C0041969 C6322 Urethral Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003074 Urethral Obstruction M0022334 D014524 Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void. Urethral Obstruction N0000003074 985086 95588004 C0041972 C6326 Urethral Obstruction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003081 Urinary Tract Infections M0022373 D014552 Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. Urinary Tract Infections N0000003081 1022108 68566005 C0042029 C6340 Urinary Tract Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003082 Urination Disorders M0022377 D014555 Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. Urination Disorders N0000003082 1025163 C0042035 C6342 Urination Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003083 Urogenital Abnormalities M0022390 D014564 Congenital structural abnormalities of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. Urogenital Abnormalities N0000003083 990562 287085006 Abnormalities, Urogenital Genitourinary Abnormalities C0042063 C6344 Urogenital Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003084 Urogenital Neoplasms M0022391 D014565 Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. Urogenital Neoplasms N0000003084 1025116 Genito-urinary Neoplasm Genitourinary Neoplasms Neoplasms, Genitourinary Neoplasms, Urogenital C0042065 C6346 Urogenital Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003085 Male Urogenital Diseases M0489510 D052801 Pathological processes of the male URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, MALE). Male Urogenital Diseases N0000003085 1027597 Male Genitourinary Diseases C1720894 CMSHM0489510 Male Urogenital Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003086 Urologic Diseases M0022400 D014570 Pathological processes of the URINARY TRACT in both males and females. Urologic Diseases N0000003086 1022769 128606002 197951006 41368006 Urinary Tract Diseases Urological Diseases C0042075 C6350 Urologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003087 Urologic Neoplasms M0022401 D014571 Tumors or cancer of the URINARY TRACT in either the male or the female. Urologic Neoplasms N0000003087 1023305 126879004 254913005 Neoplasms, Urologic Urinary Tract Neoplasms Urological Neoplasms C0042076 C6352 Urologic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003088 Urticaria M0022414 D014581 A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. Urticaria N0000003088 1023461 126485001 Hives C0042109 C6354 Urticaria [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003090 Uterine Diseases M0022426 D014591 Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS. Uterine Diseases N0000003090 1025904 12337004 C0042131 C6358 Uterine Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003093 Uterine Neoplasms M0022431 D014594 Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. Uterine Neoplasms N0000003093 1022983 126908007 Neoplasms, Uterine Neoplasms, Uterus Uterus Neoplasms C0042138 C6364 Uterine Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003097 Uveal Diseases M0022443 D014603 Diseases of the uvea. Uveal Diseases N0000003097 1022942 95678007 C0042161 C6372 Uveal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003099 Uveitis M0022445 D014605 Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) Uveitis N0000003099 1022718 128473001 C0042164 C6376 Uveitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003100 Uveitis, Anterior M0022446 D014606 Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced. Uveitis, Anterior N0000003100 1028387 410692006 C0042165 C6378 Uveitis, Anterior [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003104 Vaginal Diseases M0022482 D014623 Pathological processes of the VAGINA. Vaginal Diseases N0000003104 1026314 25658005 C0042251 C6386 Vaginal Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003107 Vaginitis M0022488 D014627 Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. Vaginitis N0000003107 1021851 198213001 30800001 C0042267 C6392 Vaginitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003111 Vascular Diseases M0022535 D014652 Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Vascular Diseases N0000003111 1024109 27550009 C0042373 C6400 Vascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003113 Vasculitis M0022540 D014657 Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Vasculitis N0000003113 1026759 31996006 Angiitis C0042384 C6404 Vasculitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003118 Ventricular Fibrillation M0022595 D014693 A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. Ventricular Fibrillation N0000003118 1024218 71908006 C0042510 C6414 Ventricular Fibrillation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003128 Virus Diseases M0022758 D014777 A general term for diseases produced by viruses. Virus Diseases N0000003128 1022696 34014006 Viral Diseases C0042769 C6434 Virus Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003134 Vitamin D Deficiency M0022798 D014808 A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) Vitamin D Deficiency N0000003134 1024200 34713006 Deficiency, Vitamin D C0042870 C6446 Vitamin D Deficiency [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003141 Vomiting M0022844 D014839 The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. Vomiting N0000003141 1025810 15387003 Emesis C0042963 C6460 Vomiting [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003145 Vulvar Diseases M0022856 D014845 Pathological processes of the VULVA. Vulvar Diseases N0000003145 1024723 5089007 C0042994 C6468 Vulvar Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003147 Vulvitis M0022858 D014847 Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination. Vulvitis N0000003147 1023099 266586003 63144007 C0042996 C6472 Vulvitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003148 Vulvovaginitis M0022859 D014848 Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS. Vulvovaginitis N0000003148 1025805 198215008 53277000 C0042998 C6474 Vulvovaginitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003152 Warts M0022875 D014860 Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. Warts N0000003152 1022255 57019003 Verruca C0043037 C6482 Warts [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003154 Water-Electrolyte Imbalance M0022901 D014883 Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. Water-Electrolyte Imbalance N0000003154 1028873 C0043065 C6486 Water-Electrolyte Imbalance [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003161 West Nile Fever M0022928 D014901 A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71) West Nile Fever N0000003161 1024531 C0043124 C6500 West Nile Fever [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003166 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome M0022990 D014927 A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome N0000003166 1023880 74390002 Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome Auriculoventricular Accessory Pathway Syndrome False Bundle-Branch Block Syndrome WPW Syndrome Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome C0043202 C6510 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003168 Wound Infection M0023017 D014946 Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms. Wound Infection N0000003168 1024471 76844004 Infection, Wound C0043241 C6514 Wound Infection [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003169 Wounds and Injuries M0023019 D014947 Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. Wounds and Injuries N0000003169 1022221 19130008 Injuries and Wounds Injuries, Wounds Trauma Wounds and Injury Wounds, Injury C0043251 C6516 Wounds and Injuries [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003179 Xerostomia M0023067 D014987 Decreased salivary flow. Xerostomia N0000003179 1025018 56893005 87715008 Asialia Hyposalivation Mouth Dryness C0043352 C6536 Xerostomia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003183 Yersinia Infections M0023096 D015009 Infections with bacteria of the genus YERSINIA. Yersinia Infections N0000003183 1022068 83436008 Infections, Yersinia C0043407 C6544 Yersinia Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003185 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome M0023152 D015043 A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome N0000003185 1025255 53132006 C0043515 C6548 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003189 Esophageal Motility Disorders M0023297 D015154 Disorders affecting the motor function of the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; the ESOPHAGUS body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus). Esophageal Motility Disorders N0000003189 1022716 266434009 Esophageal Dysmotility C0014858 C6556 Esophageal Motility Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003195 Supratentorial Neoplasms M0023322 D015173 Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation. Supratentorial Neoplasms N0000003195 1026849 Neoplasms, Supratentorial Supratentorial Tumors C0038874 C6568 Supratentorial Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003198 Colorectal Neoplasms M0023329 D015179 Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. Colorectal Neoplasms N0000003198 1022247 126837005 Colorectal Tumors Neoplasms, Colorectal C0009404 C6574 Colorectal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003204 Arthritis, Gouty M0023372 D015210 Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Arthritis, Gouty N0000003204 1022914 190828008 201662001 48440001 Gouty Arthritis C0003868 C6586 Arthritis, Gouty [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003206 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases M0023374 D015212 Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases N0000003206 1023128 24526004 Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory C0021390 C6590 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003210 Hypertriglyceridemia M0023401 D015228 A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. Hypertriglyceridemia N0000003210 1026278 302870006 C0020557 C6598 Hypertriglyceridemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003211 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral M0023402 D015229 Viral diseases which are transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral N0000003211 1027279 Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral Venereal Diseases, Viral Viral Sexually Transmitted Disease Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Viral Venereal Diseases C0036918 C6600 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003212 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial M0023404 D015231 Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial N0000003212 1027541 Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Disease Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases Bacterial Venereal Diseases Sexually Transmitted Disease, Bacterial Venereal Diseases, Bacterial C0036917 C6602 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003242 Leprosy, Lepromatous M0023793 D015440 A chronic communicable infection which is a principal or polar form of LEPROSY. This disorder is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and produces diffuse granulomatous skin lesions in the form of nodules, macules, or papules. The peripheral nerves are involved symmetrically and neural sequelae occur in the advanced stage. Leprosy, Lepromatous N0000003242 1022804 21560005 C0023348 C6662 Leprosy, Lepromatous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003246 Leukemia, B-Cell M0023806 D015448 A malignant disease of the B-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow and/or blood. Leukemia, B-Cell N0000003246 988278 B-Cell Leukemia B-Lymphocytic Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphocytic, B Cell Leukemia, Lymphocytic, B-Cell Lymphocytic Leukemia, B-Cell C2004493 C6670 Leukemia, B-Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003248 Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell M0023808 D015451 A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease. Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell N0000003248 1021888 277473004 B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cell Leukemia, Chronic B-Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Diffuse Well-Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma Leukemia, B Cell, Chronic Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Chronic Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic, B Cell Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic, B-Cell Lymphocytic Lymphoma Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Well Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Well-Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Well Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Well-Differentiated Lymphoma, Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Well Differentiated Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Well-Differentiated Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Well Differentiated Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Well-Differentiated Lymphoma, Lymphoplasmacytoid, CLL Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic, Plasmacytoid Lymphoma, Small-Cell Lymphoplasmacytoid Lymphoma, CLL Small-Cell Lymphoma C0023434 C6674 Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003261 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive M0023821 D015464 Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive N0000003261 1021752 92818009 Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic Leukemia, Granulocytic, Chronic Leukemia, Myelocytic, Chronic Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic Leukemia, Myelogenous, Ph1 Positive Leukemia, Myelogenous, Ph1-Positive Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic Leukemia, Myeloid, Ph1 Positive Leukemia, Myeloid, Ph1-Positive Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia Positive Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive Myelocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Ph1-Positive Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Ph1-Positive Myeloid Leukemia, Philadelphia-Positive C0023473 C6700 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003267 Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute M0023827 D015470 Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute N0000003267 1022145 17788007 413443009 91861009 ANLL Acute Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia, Myeloblastic, Acute Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute Leukemia, Myelogenous, Acute Leukemia, Nonlymphoblastic, Acute Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia, Acute Myelocytic Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia, Acute C0023467 C6712 Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003278 Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors M0023861 D015499 Genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the KIDNEY TUBULES. Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors N0000003278 1026778 Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors Renal Tubular Transport Errors Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Error C0035091 C6734 Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003283 Maxillary Sinusitis M0023883 D015523 Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Maxillary Sinusitis N0000003283 1025988 88348008 Sinusitis, Maxillary C0024959 C6744 Maxillary Sinusitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003287 Arthritis, Psoriatic M0023901 D015535 A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor. Arthritis, Psoriatic N0000003287 1024237 33339001 Psoriasis Arthropathica Psoriasis, Arthritic C0003872 C6752 Arthritis, Psoriatic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003294 Histiocytosis M0023956 D015614 General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT. Histiocytosis N0000003294 1022662 190957008 C0019618 C6766 Histiocytosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003302 HIV Infections M0023997 D015658 Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV Infections N0000003302 1022756 86406008 HTLV-III Infections HTLV-III-LAV Infections T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human C0019693 C6782 HIV Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003304 Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic M0024027 D015673 A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9) Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic N0000003304 1024042 51771007 52702003 Chronic Fatigue Disorder Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndrome Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic Fatigue Syndrome, Postviral Infectious Mononucleosis-Like Syndrome, Chronic Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Postviral Fatigue Syndrome Royal Free Disease C0015674 C6786 Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003309 Abdominal Pain M0024135 D015746 Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region; generally associated with functional disorders, tissue injuries, or diseases. Abdominal Pain N0000003309 1022336 21522001 C0000737 C6796 Abdominal Pain [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003321 Glaucoma, Angle-Closure M0024213 D015812 A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber. Glaucoma, Angle-Closure N0000003321 1022331 392291006 Glaucoma, Angle Closure Glaucoma, Closed-Angle Glaucoma, Narrow-Angle Glaucoma, Uncompensated Glaucoma, Uncompensative C0017605 C6820 Glaucoma, Angle-Closure [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003323 Eye Infections M0024227 D015817 Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. Eye Infections N0000003323 1026014 128351009 Ocular Infections C0015403 C6824 Eye Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003324 Eye Infections, Bacterial M0024228 D015818 Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia. Eye Infections, Bacterial N0000003324 988235 128984004 Bacterial Eye Infections Bacterial Ocular Infections Infections, Bacterial Eye Infections, Bacterial Ocular Ocular Infections, Bacterial C0015404 C6826 Eye Infections, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003326 Eye Infections, Fungal M0024239 D015821 Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses. Eye Infections, Fungal N0000003326 1023743 31194008 Fungal Eye Infections Mycosis, Ocular Mycotic Infections, Ocular Ocular Infections, Fungal Oculomycosis C0015405 C6830 Eye Infections, Fungal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003331 Eye Infections, Viral M0024246 D015828 Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus. Eye Infections, Viral N0000003331 1027485 312132001 Ocular Infections, Viral Viral Eye Infections C0015407 C6840 Eye Infections, Viral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003345 Panuveitis M0024288 D015864 Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved. Panuveitis N0000003345 990541 75614007 C0030343 C6868 Panuveitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003384 Lentivirus Infections M0024697 D016180 Virus diseases caused by the Lentivirus genus. They are multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. Lentivirus Infections N0000003384 1024090 24907000 Infections, Lentivirus C0079680 C6946 Lentivirus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003393 Lymphoma, B-Cell M0025074 D016393 A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. Lymphoma, B-Cell N0000003393 1026747 109979007 B-Cell Lymphoma C0079731 C6964 Lymphoma, B-Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003398 Lymphoma, T-Cell M0025079 D016399 A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. Lymphoma, T-Cell N0000003398 1023910 109978004 T-Cell Lymphoma C0079772 C6974 Lymphoma, T-Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003409 Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous M0025093 D016410 A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders. Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous N0000003409 1025184 400122007 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Lymphoma, T Cell, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous C0079773 C6996 Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003415 Fungemia M0025155 D016469 The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy. Fungemia N0000003415 1023738 399314004 C0085082 C7008 Fungemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003419 Helicobacter Infections M0025165 D016481 Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Helicobacter Infections N0000003419 989696 Infections, Helicobacter C0079487 C7016 Helicobacter Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003422 Peripheral Vascular Diseases M0025176 D016491 Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. Peripheral Vascular Diseases N0000003422 1022504 400047006 Diseases, Peripheral Vascular Peripheral Angiopathies Vascular Diseases, Peripheral C0085096 C7022 Peripheral Vascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003431 Bronchial Hyperreactivity M0025237 D016535 Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. Bronchial Hyperreactivity N0000003431 1027389 195967001 C0085129 C7040 Bronchial Hyperreactivity [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003434 Central Nervous System Neoplasms M0025244 D016543 Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges. Central Nervous System Neoplasms N0000003434 1025007 126951006 Central Nervous System Tumors Neoplasms, Central Nervous System Tumors, Central Nervous System C0085136 C7046 Central Nervous System Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003442 Panic Disorder M0025297 D016584 A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Panic Disorder N0000003442 1022562 371631005 C0030319 C7062 Panic Disorder [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003443 Vaginosis, Bacterial M0025299 D016585 Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli. Vaginosis, Bacterial N0000003443 1022414 419760006 Bacterial Vaginitides Bacterial Vaginitis Bacterial Vaginoses Bacterial Vaginosis Vaginitides, Bacterial Vaginitis, Bacterial Vaginitis, Nonspecific Vaginoses, Bacterial C0085166 C7064 Vaginosis, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003473 Embolism and Thrombosis M0025559 D016769 A collective term for pathological conditions which are caused by the formation of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel, or by blocking of a blood vessel with an EMBOLUS, undissolved materials in the blood stream. Embolism and Thrombosis N0000003473 1031715 195440003 C0085307 C7124 Embolism and Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003481 Malaria, Falciparum M0025570 D016778 Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. Malaria, Falciparum N0000003481 1023574 62676009 Plasmodium falciparum Malaria C0024535 C7140 Malaria, Falciparum [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003483 Malaria, Vivax M0025572 D016780 Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day. Malaria, Vivax N0000003483 1022708 27052006 Plasmodium vivax Malaria C0024537 C7144 Malaria, Vivax [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003485 Keratitis, Herpetic M0025643 D016849 A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed) Keratitis, Herpetic N0000003485 1024044 186542001 9389005 Herpes Simplex Keratitis Herpes Simplex, Ocular Ocular Herpes Simplex C0019357 C7148 Keratitis, Herpetic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003488 Bacillaceae Infections M0025666 D016863 Infections with bacteria of the family BACILLACEAE. Bacillaceae Infections N0000003488 989075 Infections, Bacillaceae C0085389 C7154 Bacillaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003490 Bacteroidaceae Infections M0025669 D016866 Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE. Bacteroidaceae Infections N0000003490 988895 Infections, Bacteroidaceae C0085392 C7158 Bacteroidaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003491 Serratia Infections M0025671 D016868 Infections with bacteria of the genus SERRATIA. Serratia Infections N0000003491 1026441 71120004 Infections, Serratia C0085394 C7160 Serratia Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003493 Neisseriaceae Infections M0025673 D016870 Infections with bacteria of the family NEISSERIACEAE. Neisseriaceae Infections N0000003493 1025935 Infections, Neisseriaceae C0085396 C7164 Neisseriaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003494 Pasteurellaceae Infections M0025674 D016871 Infections with bacteria of the family PASTEURELLACEAE. Pasteurellaceae Infections N0000003494 985866 Infections, Pasteurellaceae C0085397 C7166 Pasteurellaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003502 Endometrial Neoplasms M0025700 D016889 Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. Endometrial Neoplasms N0000003502 989735 123844007 Neoplasms, Endometrial C0014170 C7182 Endometrial Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003506 Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections M0025725 D016905 Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections N0000003506 1023284 Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative Infections, Gram-Negative Bacterial C0085423 C7190 Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003507 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections M0025728 D016908 Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections N0000003507 1022700 Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive Infections, Gram-Positive Bacterial C0085426 C7192 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003511 Meningitis, Cryptococcal M0025746 D016919 Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2) Meningitis, Cryptococcal N0000003511 1026828 14232007 Cryptococcal Meningitis C0085436 C7200 Meningitis, Cryptococcal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003513 Meningitis, Fungal M0025748 D016921 Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts. Meningitis, Fungal N0000003513 1022688 24321005 Fungal Meningitis C0085438 C7204 Meningitis, Fungal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003524 AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections M0025965 D017088 Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections N0000003524 1025910 HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic Infections, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, HIV-Related C0162526 C7226 AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003525 Colitis, Ischemic M0025968 D017091 Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature. Colitis, Ischemic N0000003525 1021896 30588004 Ischemic Colitis C0162529 C7228 Colitis, Ischemic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003527 Liver Failure M0025970 D017093 Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) Liver Failure N0000003527 1021954 59927004 Hepatic Failure C0085605 C7232 Liver Failure [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003529 Kidney Failure M0025974 D051437 A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Kidney Failure N0000003529 1022860 266553002 42399005 Renal Failure C0035078 C7236 Kidney Failure [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003535 Low Back Pain M0026008 D017116 Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. Low Back Pain N0000003535 1021791 279039007 Low Back Ache Low Backache Lower Back Pain Lumbago C0024031 C7248 Low Back Pain [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003541 Tachycardia, Ventricular M0026083 D017180 An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). Tachycardia, Ventricular N0000003541 1023929 25569003 Ventricular Tachycardia C0042514 C7260 Tachycardia, Ventricular [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003546 Skin Diseases, Bacterial M0026097 D017192 Skin diseases caused by bacteria. Skin Diseases, Bacterial N0000003546 984383 128936008 Bacterial Skin Diseases C0162627 C7270 Skin Diseases, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003547 Skin Diseases, Viral M0026098 D017193 Skin diseases caused by viruses. Skin Diseases, Viral N0000003547 1029386 128937004 Viral Skin Diseases C0162628 C7272 Skin Diseases, Viral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003550 Myocardial Ischemia M0026104 D017202 A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). Myocardial Ischemia N0000003550 1022046 414545008 414795007 Heart Disease, Ischemic Ischemia, Myocardial Ischemic Heart Disease C0151744 C7278 Myocardial Ischemia [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003555 Gastric Outlet Obstruction M0026129 D017219 The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING. Gastric Outlet Obstruction N0000003555 1025976 244815007 C0162651 C7288 Gastric Outlet Obstruction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003567 Tick-Borne Diseases M0026236 D017282 Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic. Tick-Borne Diseases N0000003567 1025615 414018003 C0162700 C7312 Tick-Borne Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003570 Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular M0026394 D017379 Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular N0000003570 1023472 55827005 Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left C0149721 C7318 Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003573 Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases M0026454 D017437 A collective term for diseases of the skin and its appendages and of connective tissue. Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases N0000003573 1027511 C0175166 C7324 Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003576 Skin Diseases, Eczematous M0026466 D017443 Any of a variety of eruptive skin disorders characterized by erythema, oozing, vesiculation, and scaling. Etiology is varied. Skin Diseases, Eczematous N0000003576 1022475 Eczematous Disorders Eczematous Skin Diseases C0162817 C7330 Skin Diseases, Eczematous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003577 Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous M0026467 D017444 A group of dermatoses with distinct morphologic features. The primary lesion is most commonly a papule, usually erythematous, with a variable degree of scaling on the surface. Plaques form through the coalescing of primary lesions. Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous N0000003577 1024350 22585003 Papulosquamous Disorders Papulosquamous Skin Diseases C0162818 C7332 Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003578 Skin Diseases, Vascular M0026469 D017445 Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area. Skin Diseases, Vascular N0000003578 1024271 11263005 Vascular Skin Diseases C0162819 C7334 Skin Diseases, Vascular [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003603 Lung Diseases, Interstitial M0026626 D017563 A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features. Lung Diseases, Interstitial N0000003603 1028101 233703007 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases Interstitial Lung Diseases C0206062 C7384 Lung Diseases, Interstitial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003613 Neuroectodermal Tumors M0026668 D017599 Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. Neuroectodermal Tumors N0000003613 1022212 253096008 73676002 C0206093 C7404 Neuroectodermal Tumors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003620 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome M0026741 D017681 A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs. It is often referred to as idiopathic. Hypereosinophilic Syndrome N0000003620 1024984 128835008 C1540912 C7418 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003626 Pelvic Pain M0026763 D017699 Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin and of organic or psychogenic etiology. Frequent causes of pain are distension or contraction of hollow viscera, rapid stretching of the capsule of a solid organ, chemical irritation, tissue ischemia, and neuritis secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, or fibrotic processes in adjacent organs. (Kase, Weingold & Gershenson: Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynecology, 2d ed, pp479-508) Pelvic Pain N0000003626 1022303 30473006 C0030794 C7430 Pelvic Pain [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003629 Community-Acquired Infections M0026784 D017714 Any infection acquired in the community, that is, contrasted with those acquired in a health care facility (CROSS INFECTION). An infection would be classified as community-acquired if the patient had not recently been in a health care facility or been in contact with someone who had been recently in a health care facility. Community-Acquired Infections N0000003629 1032631 Infections, Community-Acquired C0206171 C7436 Community-Acquired Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003631 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis M0026791 D017726 Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis N0000003631 1026504 22455005 Cytomegaloviral Retinitis Retinitis, Cytomegalovirus C0206178 C7440 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003657 Flavivirus Infections M0027404 D018177 Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE. Flavivirus Infections N0000003657 1027981 Infections, Flavivirus C0206608 C7492 Flavivirus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003658 Flaviviridae Infections M0027405 D018178 Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. Flaviviridae Infections N0000003658 1027902 Infections, Flaviviridae C0206609 C7494 Flaviviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003660 Paramyxoviridae Infections M0027412 D018184 Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Paramyxoviridae Infections N0000003660 1028342 Infections, Paramyxoviridae C0206613 C7498 Paramyxoviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003662 Pneumovirus Infections M0027415 D018186 Infections with viruses of the genus PNEUMOVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS, an important cause of respiratory disease in humans. Pneumovirus Infections N0000003662 1023009 Infections, Pneumovirus C0206615 C7502 Pneumovirus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003678 Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue M0027433 D018204 Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue. Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue N0000003678 1028165 Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasms C0206765 C7534 Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003687 Neoplasms, Bone Tissue M0027442 D018213 Neoplasms composed of bony tissue, whether normal or of a soft tissue which has become ossified. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in bones. Neoplasms, Bone Tissue N0000003687 1027523 Bone Tissue Neoplasms Bony Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms, Bony Tissue C0206639 C7552 Neoplasms, Bone Tissue [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003715 Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral M0027470 D018241 A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with Ewing's Sarcoma (SARCOMA, EWING'S). They may arise from the chest wall, skin, orbit, kidney, and other structures and tend to be locally invasive or metastasize, although relatively benign forms may occur. Characteristic histologic features include a tendency to form Homer-Wright rosettes and to stain positively with neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2113; J Clin Oncol 1998 Mar;16(3):1150-7) Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral N0000003715 1022217 253096008 254764001 (pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors Extracranial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Neuroectodermal Neoplasm, Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumor, Peripheral Primitive Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, Extracranial C0684337 C7608 Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003716 Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive M0027471 D018242 A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059) Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive N0000003716 1025367 39781001 Neoplasms, Primitive Neuroepithelial Neuroectodermal Tumor, Primitive Neuroepithelial Neoplasms, Primitive Neuroepithelial Tumors, Primitive PNET Primitive Neuroepithelial Neoplasms C0206663 C7610 Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003729 Mesothelioma, Cystic M0027490 D018261 A peritoneal mesothelioma affecting mainly young females and producing cysts of variable size and number lined by a single layer of benign mesothelial cells. The disease follows a benign course and is compatible with a normal life expectancy, requiring occasionally partial excision or decompression for relief of pain or other symptoms. Malignant potential is exceptional. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1345) Mesothelioma, Cystic N0000003729 1029066 86562005 C0206680 C7636 Mesothelioma, Cystic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003752 Carcinoma, Small Cell M0027519 D018288 An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) Carcinoma, Small Cell N0000003752 1024767 254632001 254633006 Carcinoma, Oat Cell Oat Cell Carcinoma Small Cell Carcinoma C0262584 C7682 Carcinoma, Small Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003759 Neoplasms, Basal Cell M0027529 D018295 Neoplasms composed of cells from the deepest layer of the epidermis. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the stratum basale. Neoplasms, Basal Cell N0000003759 1026910 30649006 Basal Cell Neoplasms C0206710 C7696 Neoplasms, Basal Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003763 Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary M0027533 D018299 Neoplasms, usually carcinoma, located within the center of an organ or within small lobes, and in the case of the breast, intraductally. The emphasis of the name is on the location of the neoplastic tissue rather than on its histological type. Most cancers of this type are located in the breast. Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary N0000003763 1023140 189704005 Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary Neoplasms C0206768 C7704 Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003765 Neoplasms, Mesothelial M0027535 D018301 Neoplasms composed of tissue of the mesothelium, the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, which lines the body cavity of the embryo. In the adult it forms the simple squamous epithelium which covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in these organs. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Neoplasms, Mesothelial N0000003765 1025409 115232000 Mesothelial Neoplasms C0206714 C7708 Neoplasms, Mesothelial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003766 Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial M0027536 D018302 Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5) Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial N0000003766 1025270 Neuroepithelial Neoplasms Neuroepithelial Tumors C0206715 C7710 Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003787 Nevi and Melanomas M0027561 D018326 A collective term for the various types of nevi and melanomas. Nevi and Melanomas N0000003787 1027690 189747005 Melanomas and Nevi C0206769 C7752 Nevi and Melanomas [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003789 Melanoma, Amelanotic M0027563 D018328 An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) Melanoma, Amelanotic N0000003789 1024326 70594002 C0206735 C7756 Melanoma, Amelanotic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003803 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections M0027589 D018357 Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections N0000003803 986730 55735004 Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus C0035235 C7784 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003804 Neuroendocrine Tumors M0027590 D018358 Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. Neuroendocrine Tumors N0000003804 1024535 255046005 C0206754 C7786 Neuroendocrine Tumors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003808 Cardiovascular Abnormalities M0027602 D018376 Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS. Cardiovascular Abnormalities N0000003808 1026475 9904008 Abnormalities, Cardiovascular C0243050 C7794 Cardiovascular Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003812 Pneumonia, Bacterial M0027639 D018410 Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. Pneumonia, Bacterial N0000003812 1025309 53084003 Bacterial Pneumonia C0004626 C7802 Pneumonia, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003823 Soft Tissue Infections M0027697 D018461 Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688) Soft Tissue Infections N0000003823 1023005 95880003 Infections, Soft Tissue C0149778 C7824 Soft Tissue Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003826 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left M0027729 D018487 A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. Ventricular Dysfunction, Left N0000003826 990592 Left Ventricular Dysfunction C0242698 C7830 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003845 Mononegavirales Infections M0028015 D018701 Infections with viruses of the order MONONEGAVIRALES. The concept includes FILOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. Mononegavirales Infections N0000003845 1023194 Infections, Mononegavirales C0242916 C7868 Mononegavirales Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003848 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome M0028081 D018746 A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever >38 degrees C or HYPOTHERMIA <36 degrees C; (2) TACHYCARDIA >90 beat/minute; (3) tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) LEUKOCYTOSIS >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. While usually related to infection, SIRS can also be associated with noninfectious insults such as TRAUMA; BURNS; or PANCREATITIS. If infection is involved, a patient with SIRS is said to have SEPSIS. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome N0000003848 1023779 238149007 238150007 Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic Sepsis Syndrome C0242966 C7874 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003849 Ventricular Dysfunction M0028090 D018754 A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function. Ventricular Dysfunction N0000003849 1022391 C0242973 C7876 Ventricular Dysfunction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003855 Impotence, Vasculogenic M0028121 D018783 Inability to achieve and maintain an erection (ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION) due to defects in the arterial blood flow to the PENIS, defect in venous occlusive function allowing blood drainage (leakage) from the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis), or both. Impotence, Vasculogenic N0000003855 986774 C0243000 C7888 Impotence, Vasculogenic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003858 Encephalitis, Viral M0028131 D018792 Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. Encephalitis, Viral N0000003858 1025326 34476008 Encephalomyelitis, Infectious, Viral Infectious Encephalomyelitis, Viral Viral Encephalitis C0243010 C7894 Encephalitis, Viral [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003861 Sepsis M0028155 D018805 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. Sepsis N0000003861 1023184 91302008 C0243026 C7900 Sepsis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003901 Iron Metabolism Disorders M0028591 D019189 Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed) Iron Metabolism Disorders N0000003901 1022206 30913008 C0012715 C7980 Iron Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003902 Iron Overload M0028592 D019190 An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989) Iron Overload N0000003902 1024798 60737008 C0282193 C7982 Iron Overload [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003949 Neurodegenerative Diseases M0029135 D019636 Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. Neurodegenerative Diseases N0000003949 1022112 Degenerative Diseases, Nervous System Degenerative Diseases, Neurologic Degenerative Neurologic Diseases Degenerative Neurologic Disorders Nervous System Degenerative Diseases Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurologic Degenerative Conditions Neurologic Degenerative Diseases Neurologic Diseases, Degenerative C0524851 C8076 Neurodegenerative Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003952 Hepatitis, Autoimmune M0029243 D019693 A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES. Hepatitis, Autoimmune N0000003952 1021796 408335007 Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis C0241910 C8082 Hepatitis, Autoimmune [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003954 Hepatitis C, Chronic M0029252 D019698 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. Hepatitis C, Chronic N0000003954 1025809 128302006 Chronic Hepatitis C C0524910 C8086 Hepatitis C, Chronic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003966 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood M0029626 D019952 Those psychiatric disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. These disorders can also be first diagnosed during other life stages. Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood N0000003966 987008 Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence C0525040 C8110 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003967 Neurobehavioral Manifestations M0333801 D019954 Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information. Neurobehavioral Manifestations N0000003967 1025867 Cognitive Manifestations Cognitive Symptoms Neurobehavioral Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms, Neurobehavioral C0525041 C8112 Neurobehavioral Manifestations [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003971 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders M0029636 D019958 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders N0000003971 1031543 C0236964 C8120 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003973 Elimination Disorders M0029639 D019960 Excretory-related psychiatric disorders usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood. Elimination Disorders N0000003973 1024444 1164009 C0013895 C8124 Elimination Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003975 Mood Disorders M0029642 D019964 Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. Mood Disorders N0000003975 1022464 46206005 Affective Disorders C0525045 C8128 Mood Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003976 Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders M0029645 D019965 Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes. Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders N0000003976 1022574 106014008 111479008 Mental Disorders, Organic Organic Mental Disorders C0029227 C8130 Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003977 Substance-Related Disorders M0029657 D019966 Disorders related to substance abuse, the side effects of a medication, or toxin exposure. Substance-Related Disorders N0000003977 1027904 C0236969 C8132 Substance-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003978 Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features M0029660 D019967 Marked disorders of thought (delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disorder accompanied by disordered affect or behavior), and deterioration from a previous level of functioning. Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features N0000003978 984843 C0525046 C8134 Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003979 Sexual and Gender Disorders M0029661 D019968 Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders. Sexual and Gender Disorders N0000003979 984634 C0525047 C8136 Sexual and Gender Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003982 Alcohol-Related Disorders M0029672 D019973 Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol. Alcohol-Related Disorders N0000003982 1025655 29212009 C0236664 C8142 Alcohol-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003984 Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological M0029727 D020018 Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994) Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological N0000003984 1025159 56627002 Psychosexual Disorders Psychosexual Dysfunctions C0033953 C8146 Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003994 Zygomycosis M0029826 D020096 Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification. Zygomycosis N0000003994 1027910 59277005 C0043541 C8166 Zygomycosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000003999 Hemostatic Disorders M0029879 D020141 Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of BLOOD VESSELS, blood fluidity, and BLOOD COAGULATION. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM, the plasma proteins (including BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS), and PLATELETS. Hemostatic Disorders N0000003999 1023569 21112004 Hemostatic Disorders, Vascular Vascular Hemostatic Disorders C0600502 C8176 Hemostatic Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004034 Trauma, Nervous System M0328650 D020196 Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures. Trauma, Nervous System N0000004034 1031188 128239009 Injuries, Nervous System Nervous System Injuries C0751792 C8246 Trauma, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004074 Venous Thrombosis M0029908 D020246 The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. Venous Thrombosis N0000004074 1023173 111293003 18266009 Phlebothrombosis Thrombosis, Venous C0042487 C8326 Venous Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004075 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting M0029915 D020250 Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting N0000004075 1028343 1488000 Nausea and Vomiting, Postoperative PONV C0520909 C8328 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004080 Neurotoxicity Syndromes M0328313 D020258 Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents. Neurotoxicity Syndromes N0000004080 985040 19466003 Nervous System Poisoning Neurotoxic Disorders Neurotoxin Diseases Neurotoxin Disorders Poisoning, Nervous System C0235032 C8338 Neurotoxicity Syndromes [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004081 Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System M0328325 D020260 Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries. Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System N0000004081 988177 Poisoning, Heavy Metals, Nervous System C0751850 C8340 Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004084 Lead Poisoning, Nervous System M0328619 D020263 Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy. Lead Poisoning, Nervous System N0000004084 1023920 Lead Poisoning, Neurologic Lead-Induced Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Diseases, Lead-Induced Nervous System Poisoning, Lead Neurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead Plumbism, Nervous System Plumbism, Neurologic Poisoning, Lead, Nervous System Poisoning, Lead, Neurologic C0751859 C8346 Lead Poisoning, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004085 Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood M0328531 D020264 Neurologic disorders occurring in children following lead exposure. The most frequent manifestation of childhood lead toxicity is an encephalopathy associated with chronic ingestion of lead that usually presents between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Clinical manifestations include behavioral changes followed by lethargy; CONVULSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; DELIRIUM; ATAXIA; and vomiting. Elevated intracranial pressure (HYPERTENSION, INTRACRANIAL) and CEREBRAL EDEMA may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1210-2) Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood N0000004085 1022058 Lead Poisoning, Neurologic, Childhood Lead-Induced Nervous System Disease, Childhood Nervous System Disease, Lead-Induced, Childhood Nervous System Poisoning, Lead, Childhood Neurologic Saturnism, Childhood Neurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead, Childhood Plumbism, Neurologic, Childhood Poisoning, Lead, Nervous System, Childhood Poisoning, Lead, Neurologic, Childhood C0751861 C8348 Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004091 Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System M0328330 D020271 Inherited disorders characterized by progressive atrophy and dysfunction of anatomically or physiologically related neurologic systems. Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System N0000004091 985698 Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary Degenerative Hereditary Diseases, Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Disorders, Nervous System Hereditary Diseases, Neurodegenerative Hereditary Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary-Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases Nervous System Diseases, Degenerative, Hereditary Nervous System Hereditary Degenerative Diseases Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hereditary C0751870 C8360 Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004092 Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System M0328129 D020274 Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME). Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System N0000004092 1025977 Autoimmune Diseases, Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases, Neurologic Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System Autoimmune Disorders, Nervous System Autoimmune Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases Neurologic Autoimmune Diseases C0751871 C8362 Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004095 Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS M0328372 D020278 Conditions characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin (see MYELIN SHEATH) in the brain, spinal cord, or optic nerves secondary to autoimmune mediated processes. This may take the form of a humoral or cellular immune response directed toward myelin or OLIGODENDROGLIA associated autoantigens. Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS N0000004095 989466 Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, CNS Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorders, CNS CNS Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorders CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, Central Nervous System Demyelinating Autoimmune Disorders, CNS Demyelinating Disease, Autoimmune, CNS C0751873 C8368 Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004105 Central Nervous System Fungal Infections M0328044 D020314 MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME). Central Nervous System Fungal Infections N0000004105 1025141 128120005 Central Nervous System Mycoses Fungal Infections, Central Nervous System Infections, Fungal, Central Nervous System Mycoses, Central Nervous System C0729544 C8388 Central Nervous System Fungal Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004116 Paraparesis M0328241 D020335 Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions. Paraparesis N0000004116 1030098 1845001 C0221166 C8410 Paraparesis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004117 Paraparesis, Spastic M0023856 D020336 Mild or moderate loss of motor function accompanied by spasticity in the lower extremities. This condition is a manifestation of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that cause injury to the motor cortex or descending motor pathways. Paraparesis, Spastic N0000004117 1025702 312444006 Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic Spastic Lower Extremity Weakness Spastic Paraparesis C0037771 C8412 Paraparesis, Spastic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004121 Enterocolitis, Necrotizing M0029980 D020345 ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT. Enterocolitis, Necrotizing N0000004121 1022711 2707005 397729009 Necrotizing Enterocolitis C0520459 C8420 Enterocolitis, Necrotizing [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004147 Trigeminal Nerve Diseases M0328651 D020433 Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. Trigeminal Nerve Diseases N0000004147 1025232 64309007 Cranial Nerve V Diseases Fifth Cranial Nerve Diseases Trigeminal Nerve Disorders Trigeminal Neuropathy C0152177 C8472 Trigeminal Nerve Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004153 Neuromuscular Junction Diseases M0328288 D020511 Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions. Neuromuscular Junction Diseases N0000004153 984412 128213006 Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Neuromuscular Transmission Disorders C0751950 C8484 Neuromuscular Junction Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004159 Brain Infarction M0328169 D020520 Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. Brain Infarction N0000004159 1027116 C0751955 C8496 Brain Infarction [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004160 Stroke M0328070 D020521 A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) Stroke N0000004160 1024488 230690007 270883006 Apoplexy CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) Cerebral Stroke Cerebrovascular Accident Cerebrovascular Apoplexy Cerebrovascular Stroke Vascular Accident, Brain C0038454 C8498 Stroke [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004168 Parkinsonian Disorders M0328250 D020734 A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. Parkinsonian Disorders N0000004168 987649 32798002 Parkinsonian Diseases Parkinsonian Syndrome Parkinsonian Syndromes Parkinsonism C0242422 C8514 Parkinsonian Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004170 Alcohol-Induced Disorders M0328025 D020751 Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol. Alcohol-Induced Disorders N0000004170 1025678 C0236970 C8518 Alcohol-Induced Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004178 Pathological Conditions, Anatomical M0328642 D020763 An abnormal structural condition of the human body, usually macroscopic, that is common to a variety of different diseases. Pathological Conditions, Anatomical N0000004178 1026773 C0752135 C8534 Pathological Conditions, Anatomical [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004182 Headache Disorders M0328324 D020773 Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) Headache Disorders N0000004182 1023986 230461009 Cephalgia Syndromes Headache Syndromes C0393735 C8542 Headache Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004195 Central Nervous System Viral Diseases M0328064 D020805 Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces. Central Nervous System Viral Diseases N0000004195 1025144 302810003 Central Nervous System Viral Infections Infections, CNS, Viral Infections, Viral CNS Viral Diseases, Central Nervous System Viral Infections, Central Nervous System C0348165 C8568 Central Nervous System Viral Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004204 Dyskinesias M0014140 D020820 Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. Dyskinesias N0000004204 1021897 9748009 Abnormal Movements C0013384 C8586 Dyskinesias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004213 Neuromuscular Manifestations M0328296 D020879 Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves. Neuromuscular Manifestations N0000004213 1027972 Neuromuscular Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms, Neuromuscular C0752252 C8604 Neuromuscular Manifestations [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004219 Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic M0328301 D020919 Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal sleep mechanisms or secondary to a sleep-related medical disorder (e.g., sleep apnea, post-traumatic sleep disorders, etc.). (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187) Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic N0000004219 1030136 Intrinsic Sleep Disorders C0752287 C8616 Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004220 Dyssomnias M0328379 D020920 A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnolence or insomnia. The three major subcategories include intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body) (SLEEP DISORDERS, INTRINSIC), extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various pathologic conditions), and disturbances of circadian rhythm. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187) Dyssomnias N0000004220 1022841 44186003 C0700201 C8618 Dyssomnias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004241 Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal M0352972 D021441 Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS. Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal N0000004241 985550 Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic Duct-Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas Duct-Cell Carcinoma, Pancreas Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas Pancreatic Duct Cell Carcinoma Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma C0887833 C8660 Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000004336 amprenavir M0250495 C095108 amprenavir N0000004336 228656 Amprenavir tetrahydro-3-furyl N-(3-(4-amino-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamido)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl)carbamate C0754188 C11148 amprenavir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000004374 basiliximab M0292349 C113157 basiliximab N0000004374 196102 basiliximab C0676831 C11518 basiliximab [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000004493 cefepime M0127410 C043266 cefepime N0000004493 20481 cefepime Pyrrolidinium, 1-((7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl)-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))- cefepim C0055003 C12390 cefepime [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000004524 cevimeline M0164858 C059240 cevimeline N0000004524 44281 cevimeline 2-methyspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3)quinuclidine C0093437 C12616 cevimeline [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000004738 efavirenz M0258297 C098320 efavirenz N0000004738 195085 efavirenz 6-chloro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one C0674428 C14150 efavirenz [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000004783 exemestane M0158502 C056516 exemestane N0000004783 258494 exemestane 6-methyleneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione C0851344 C14510 exemestane [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000004840 gatifloxacin M0209340 C078049 gatifloxacin N0000004840 228476 gatifloxacin 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo- C0753645 C14992 gatifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005131 moxifloxacin M0273433 C104727 moxifloxacin N0000005131 139462 moxifloxacin 1-cyclopropyl--7-(2,8-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid C0536495 C17464 moxifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005413 rabeprazole M0174415 C063129 rabeprazole N0000005413 114979 rabeprazole 2-((4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole C0378482 C19458 rabeprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005430 rituximab M0244307 C092560 rituximab N0000005430 121191 rituximab CD20 antibody, rituximab C0393022 C19594 rituximab [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005431 rivastigmine M0196402 C072506 rivastigmine N0000005431 183379 rivastigmine (S)-N-ethyl-3-((1-dimethyl-amino)ethyl)-N-methylphenylcarbamate Carbamic acid, ethylmethyl-, 3-(1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)phenyl ester, (S)-, (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) C0649350 C19598 rivastigmine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005508 sparfloxacin M0170192 C061363 sparfloxacin N0000005508 18469 sparfloxacin C0052585 C20242 sparfloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005608 trastuzumab M0291428 C112748 trastuzumab N0000005608 224905 trastuzumab C0728747 C21054 trastuzumab [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005694 ropinirole M0135070 C046649 ropinirole N0000005694 72302 ropinirole 4-(2-(di-n-propylamino)ethyl)-2(3H)-indolone ropinirol C0244821 C21732 ropinirole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005709 Pentamidine M0016169 D010419 Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. Pentamidine N0000005709 7994 Pentamidine Benzenecarboximidamide, 4,4'-(1,5-pentanediylbis(oxy))bis- Pentamidin C0030863 C21762 Pentamidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005714 Nortriptyline M0015002 D009661 A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions. Nortriptyline N0000005714 7531 Nortriptyline 1-Propanamine, 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N-methyl- Desitriptyline Desmethylamitriptylin C0028420 C21772 Nortriptyline [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005719 Methylprednisolone M0013662 D008775 A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action. Methylprednisolone N0000005719 6902 Methylprednisolone 6-Methylprednisolone Metipred Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-6-methyl-, (6alpha,11beta)- C0025815 C21782 Methylprednisolone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005723 Carbohydrates M0003360 D002241 The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. Carbohydrates N0000005723 2028 C0007004 C21790 Carbohydrates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005739 docetaxel M0184558 C067311 docetaxel N0000005739 72962 docetaxel Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 12b-(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,6,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-y N-debenzoyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyltaxol docetaxol C0246415 C21822 docetaxel [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005740 Mitoxantrone M0013954 D008942 An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. Mitoxantrone N0000005740 7005 Mitoxantrone 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)- DHAQ Mitozantrone C0026259 C21824 Mitoxantrone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005746 Metolazone M0013684 D008788 A quinazoline-sulfonamide that is considered a thiazide-like diuretic which is long-acting so useful in chronic RENAL FAILURE. It also tends to lower BLOOD PRESSURE and increase POTASSIUM loss. Metolazone N0000005746 6916 Metolazone 6-Quinazolinesulfonamide, 7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo- C0025854 C21836 Metolazone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005760 Aminosalicylic Acids M0000971 D000636 A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions. Aminosalicylic Acids N0000005760 700 C0002591 C21864 Aminosalicylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005761 Amiodarone M0000973 D000638 An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. Amiodarone N0000005761 703 Amiodarone Methanone, (2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)(4-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)- C0002598 C21866 Amiodarone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005763 Amitriptyline M0000975 D000639 Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines. Amitriptyline N0000005763 704 Amitriptyline 1-Propanamine, 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl- C0002600 C21870 Amitriptyline [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005766 Mesalamine M0029386 D019804 An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) Mesalamine N0000005766 52582 mesalamine 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Mesalazine m-Aminosalicylic Acid meta-Aminosalicylic Acid C0127615 C21876 Mesalamine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005771 fluticasone M0179832 C065382 fluticasone N0000005771 41126 fluticasone S-(Fluoromethyl) 6a,9-difluoro-11b,17-dihydroxy-16a-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17b-carbothioate C0082607 C21886 fluticasone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005774 Losartan M0029400 D019808 An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II. Losartan N0000005774 52175 Losartan 2-Butyl-4-chloro-1-((2'-(1H-etrazol-5-yl) (1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-methanol C0126174 C21892 Losartan [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005776 Metronidazole M0013695 D008795 A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed). Metronidazole N0000005776 6922 Metronidazole 1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol, 2-methyl-5-nitro- 2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol C0025872 C21896 Metronidazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005802 Omeprazole M0015293 D009853 A highly effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE) in the proton pump of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Omeprazole N0000005802 7646 Omeprazole 1H-Benzimidazole, 5-methoxy-2-(((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)- C0028978 C21948 Omeprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005803 Benzoic Acid M0029415 D019817 A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Benzoic Acid N0000005803 18989 Benzoic Acid Benzoic acid C0053225 C21950 Benzoic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005817 Proteins M0017890 D011506 Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Proteins N0000005817 8859 Proteins C0033684 C21978 Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005842 Simvastatin M0029425 D019821 A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL. Simvastatin N0000005842 36567 Simvastatin Synvinolin C0074554 C22028 Simvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005843 ziprasidone M0243639 C092292 ziprasidone N0000005843 115698 ziprasidone 5-(2-(4-(3-benzisothiazolyl)piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one ziprazidone C0380393 C22030 ziprasidone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005849 Nevirapine M0029429 D019829 A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Nevirapine N0000005849 53654 Nevirapine 6H-Dipyrido(3,2-b:2',3'-e)(1,4)diazepin-6-one, 11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl- C0132326 C22042 Nevirapine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005874 alosetron M0240025 C090840 alosetron N0000005874 85248 alosetron C0291772 C22092 alosetron [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005875 zonisamide M0077929 C022189 zonisamide N0000005875 39998 zonisamide 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole C0078844 C22094 zonisamide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005883 Tobramycin M0021611 D014031 An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species. Tobramycin N0000005883 10627 Tobramycin D-Streptamine, O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-(2,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-4))-2-deoxy- Nebramycin Factor 6 C0040341 C22110 Tobramycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005890 Streptomycin M0020595 D013307 An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis. Streptomycin N0000005890 10109 Streptomycin D-Streptamine, O-2-deoxy-2-(methylamino)-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-alpha-L-lyxofuranosyl-(1-4)-N,N'-bis(aminoiminomethyl)- C0038425 C22124 Streptomycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005892 Ribavirin M0019062 D012254 A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses. Ribavirin N0000005892 9344 Ribavirin 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-carboxamide, 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- Ribovirin Tribavirin C0035525 C22128 Ribavirin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005901 Benzoates M0002350 D001565 Salts and esters of BENZOIC ACID that possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. They are used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. Benzoates N0000005901 1398 C0005058 C22146 Benzoates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005908 Pergolide M0016279 D010479 A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES. Pergolide N0000005908 8047 Pergolide Ergoline, 8-((methylthio)methyl)-6-propyl-, (8beta)- C0031007 C22160 Pergolide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005915 Protriptyline M0017928 D011530 Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation. Protriptyline N0000005915 8886 Protriptyline 5H-Dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptene-5-propanamine, N-methyl- C0033743 C22174 Protriptyline [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005926 cyclobenzaprine M0045849 C004704 cyclobenzaprine N0000005926 21949 cyclobenzaprine N,N-dimethyl-3-(dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptene-4-ylidene)propylamine C0056732 C22196 cyclobenzaprine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005928 Tolmetin M0021631 D014046 A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN. Tolmetin N0000005928 10636 Tolmetin 1H-Pyrrole-2-acetic acid, 1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)- C0040377 C22200 Tolmetin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005941 Dihydroergotamine M0006401 D004087 A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. Dihydroergotamine N0000005941 3418 Dihydroergotamine Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 9,10-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)-, (5'alpha,10alpha)- C0012291 C22226 Dihydroergotamine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005942 Phenylalanine M0016544 D010649 An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE. Phenylalanine N0000005942 8156 Phenylalanine L-Phenylalanine Phenylalanine, L-Isomer C0031453 C22228 Phenylalanine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005951 Cyclophosphamide M0005485 D003520 Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. Cyclophosphamide N0000005951 3002 Cyclophosphamide 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide Cyclophosphane Cytophosphan C0010583 C22246 Cyclophosphamide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005958 capecitabine M0287377 C110904 capecitabine N0000005958 194000 capecitabine N(4)-pentyloxycarbonyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine C0671970 C22260 capecitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005981 Triamcinolone M0021894 D014221 A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739) Triamcinolone N0000005981 10759 Triamcinolone Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)- C0040864 C22306 Triamcinolone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005988 Cyproheptadine M0005519 D003533 A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc. Cyproheptadine N0000005988 3013 Cyproheptadine Piperidine, 4-(5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methyl- C0010620 C22320 Cyproheptadine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000005996 Gold M0009521 D006046 A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. Gold N0000005996 4975 C0018026 C22336 Gold [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006001 Triazolam M0021910 D014229 A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. Triazolam N0000006001 10767 Triazolam 4H-(1,2,4)Triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl- C0040879 C22346 Triazolam [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006013 Aurothioglucose M0009526 D006051 A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals. Aurothioglucose N0000006013 4980 Aurothioglucose Gold Thioglucose Gold, (1-thio-D-glucopyranosato-O2,S1)- Thioglucosoaurate C0018033 C22370 Aurothioglucose [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006015 Gold Sodium Thiomalate M0009527 D006052 A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis. Gold Sodium Thiomalate N0000006015 4981 Gold Sodium Thiomalate Butanedioic acid, mercapto-, monogold(1+) sodium salt Mercaptobutanedioic Acid Monogold(1+) Sodium Salt Sodium Aurothiomalate Sodium Gold Thiomalate Sodium Thiomalatoaurate C0018034 C22374 Gold Sodium Thiomalate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006023 Phenytoin M0016580 D010672 An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. Phenytoin N0000006023 8183 Phenytoin 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl- 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin Diphenylhydantoin Fenitoin C0031507 C22390 Phenytoin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006026 Rifampin M0019110 D012293 A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) Rifampin N0000006026 9384 Rifampin Benemycin Rifampicin Rifamycin, 3-(((4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)imino)methyl)- C0035608 C22396 Rifampin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006027 linezolid M0257529 C098010 linezolid N0000006027 190376 linezolid N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinylphenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl)acetamide C0663241 C22398 linezolid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006045 cerivastatin M0228730 C086276 cerivastatin N0000006045 596723 C0528023 C22434 cerivastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006048 Haloperidol M0009771 D006220 A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in MENTAL RETARDATION and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) Haloperidol N0000006048 5093 Haloperidol 1-Butanone, 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)- C0018546 C22440 Haloperidol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006054 Sulfasalazine M0019365 D012460 A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) Sulfasalazine N0000006054 9524 Sulfasalazine Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)azo)- Salazosulfapyridine Salicylazosulfapyridine Sulphasalazine C0036078 C22452 Sulfasalazine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006079 fludarabine M0082555 C024352 fludarabine N0000006079 24698 fludarabine 2-fluoroadenine arabinoside 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 9H-purin-6-amine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoro- F-ara-A C0059985 C22502 fludarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006080 Cytarabine M0005564 D003561 A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472) Cytarabine N0000006080 3041 Cytarabine 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl- Arabinofuranosylcytosine Arabinosylcytosine Aracytidine Cytosine Arabinoside C0010711 C22504 Cytarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006101 Selegiline M0019601 D012642 A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. Selegiline N0000006101 9639 Selegiline Benzeneethanamine, N,alpha-dimethyl-N-2-propynyl-, (R)- L-Deprenyl Selegiline, (R)-Isomer Selegyline C0036579 C22546 Selegiline [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006107 Zalcitabine M0024532 D016047 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. Zalcitabine N0000006107 3363 Zalcitabine 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine Cytidine, 2',3'-dideoxy- Dideoxycytidine ddC (Antiviral) C0012132 C22558 Zalcitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006111 Didanosine M0024535 D016049 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite. Didanosine N0000006111 3364 Didanosine 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine Dideoxyinosine Inosine, 2',3'-dideoxy- ddI (Antiviral) C0012133 C22566 Didanosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006115 Pimozide M0016871 D010868 A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403) Pimozide N0000006115 8331 Pimozide 2H-Benzimidazol-2-one, 1-(1-(4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-4-piperidinyl)-1,3-dihydro- C0031935 C22574 Pimozide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006119 lansoprazole M0163558 C058687 lansoprazole N0000006119 17128 lansoprazole 2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole lanzoprazole C0050940 C22582 lansoprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006127 Dexamethasone M0006099 D003907 An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. Dexamethasone N0000006127 3264 Dexamethasone Hexadecadrol Methylfluorprednisolone Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methyl-, (11beta,16alpha)- C0011777 C22598 Dexamethasone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006141 Chlorambucil M0004118 D002699 A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed) Chlorambucil N0000006141 2346 Chlorambucil 4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)benzenebutanoic Acid Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)- Chloraminophene Chlorbutin N,N-Di-(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric Acid C0008163 C22626 Chlorambucil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006147 Teniposide M0021161 D013713 A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. Teniposide N0000006147 10362 Teniposide Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Thenylidine Glucoside Furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-9-((4,6-O-(2-thienylmethylene)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-, (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9beta(R*)))- C0039512 C22638 Teniposide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006152 Tyrosine M0022203 D014443 A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin. Tyrosine N0000006152 10962 Tyrosine L-Tyrosine Tyrosine, L-isomer para-Tyrosine C0041485 C22648 Tyrosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006185 Lipids M0012553 D008055 A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Lipids N0000006185 6411 C0023779 C22714 Lipids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006195 Enalapril M0007330 D004656 One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension. Enalapril N0000006195 3827 Enalapril L-Proline, 1-(N-(1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl)-, (S)- C0014025 C22736 Enalapril [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006201 Trimipramine M0021995 D014299 Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties. Trimipramine N0000006201 10834 Trimipramine 10,11 Dihydro-N,N,beta-trimethyl-5H-dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine, 10,11-dihydro-N,N,beta-trimethyl- Trimeprimine C0041056 C22748 Trimipramine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006204 topiramate M0148600 C052342 topiramate N0000006204 38404 topiramate 2,3-4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate C0076829 C22754 topiramate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006231 olsalazine M0101640 C032587 olsalazine N0000006231 32385 olsalazine Benzoic acid, 3,3'-azobis(6-hydroxy)-, azodisalicylate C0069454 C22808 olsalazine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006268 Amlodipine M0026284 D017311 A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. Amlodipine N0000006268 17767 Amlodipine 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-, 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester C0051696 C22882 Amlodipine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006273 lomefloxacin M0150494 C053091 lomefloxacin N0000006273 28872 lomefloxacin 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-, monohydrochloride lomenfloxacin C0065162 C22892 lomefloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006291 Interferon Alfa-2a M0023693 D015380 A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine at position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. Interferon Alfa-2a N0000006291 5879 Interferon Alfa-2a Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2a Recombinant Interferon alpha-2a C0021734 C22928 Interferon Alfa-2a [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006294 Interferon Alfa-2b M0023695 D015381 A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and histidine in position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. Interferon Alfa-2b N0000006294 5880 Interferon Alfa-2b Inteferon alpha 2b (human leukocyte clone Hif-SN 206 protein moiety reduced). Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b Recombinant Interferon alpha-2b C0021735 C22934 Interferon Alfa-2b [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006317 Cladribine M0026332 D017338 An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia. Cladribine N0000006317 44157 Cladribine 2'-Deoxy-2-chloroadenosine 2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine Adenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxy- C0092801 C22982 Cladribine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006331 Fluconazole M0024111 D015725 Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. Fluconazole N0000006331 4450 Fluconazole 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-ethanol, alpha-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-alpha-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- C0016277 C23010 Fluconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006354 Ergotamine M0007662 D004878 A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. Ergotamine N0000006354 4025 Ergotamine Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)-, (5'alpha)- C0014710 C23056 Ergotamine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006359 bexarotene M0250478 C095105 bexarotene N0000006359 233272 bexarotene 3-methyl-TTNEB 4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethenyl)benzoic acid C0765273 C23066 bexarotene [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006367 Thalidomide M0021267 D013792 A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action. Thalidomide N0000006367 10432 Thalidomide 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)- C0039736 C23082 Thalidomide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006386 Propofol M0024130 D015742 An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS. Propofol N0000006386 8782 Propofol 2,6-Bis(1-methylethyl)phenol 2,6-Diisopropylphenol Disoprofol Phenol, 2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)- C0033487 C23120 Propofol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006403 Warfarin M0022871 D014859 An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide. Warfarin N0000006403 11289 Warfarin 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)- 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one C0043031 C23154 Warfarin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006417 Bupropion M0025361 D016642 A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. Bupropion N0000006417 42347 Bupropion (+-)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-1-propanone 1-Propanone, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)- Amfebutamone C0085208 C23182 Bupropion [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006422 Paroxetine M0026386 D017374 A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression. Paroxetine N0000006422 32937 Paroxetine Piperidine, 3-((1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-, (3S-trans)- C0070122 C23192 Paroxetine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006450 Lisinopril M0026771 D017706 One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Lisinopril N0000006450 29046 Lisinopril L-Proline, 1-(N2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-lysyl)-, dihydrate, (S)- Lysinopril C0065374 C23248 Lisinopril [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006451 leflunomide M0132172 C045463 leflunomide N0000006451 27169 leflunomide 4-Isoxazolecarboxamide, 5-methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- N-(4-trifluoromethyphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide C0063041 C23250 leflunomide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006460 Hydrocortisone M0010707 D006854 The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Hydrocortisone N0000006460 5492 Hydrocortisone Cortisol Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-, (11beta)- C0020268 C23268 Hydrocortisone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006461 Bepridil M0024153 D015764 A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. Bepridil N0000006461 1436 Bepridil 1-Pyrrolidineethanamine, beta-((2-methylpropoxy)methyl)-N-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)- C0005116 C23270 Bepridil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006467 Mefloquine M0024162 D015767 A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects. Mefloquine N0000006467 6694 Mefloquine 4-Quinolinemethanol, alpha-2-piperidinyl-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-, (R*,S*)-(+-)- Mephloquine C0025153 C23282 Mefloquine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006471 Ticlopidine M0021526 D013988 Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The drug has been found to significantly reduce infarction size in acute myocardial infarcts and is an effective antithrombotic agent in arteriovenous fistulas, aorto-coronary bypass grafts, ischemic heart disease, venous thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis. Ticlopidine N0000006471 10594 Ticlopidine Thieno(3,2-c)pyridine, 5-((2-chlorophenyl)methyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- C0040207 C23290 Ticlopidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006495 Ganciclovir M0024168 D015774 An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections. Ganciclovir N0000006495 4678 Ganciclovir 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl)- Gancyclovir C0017066 C23338 Ganciclovir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006502 zolmitriptan M0237257 C089750 zolmitriptan N0000006502 135775 zolmitriptan 4-((3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl)-2-oxazolidinone C0528166 C23352 zolmitriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006505 Clonidine M0004605 D003000 An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION. Clonidine N0000006505 2599 Clonidine 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- Clofenil Klofenil C0009014 C23358 Clonidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006517 Acetic Acid M0028791 D019342 Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed) Acetic Acid N0000006517 168 Acetic Acid Acetic Acid Glacial Glacial Acetic Acid C0000983 C23382 Acetic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006523 zafirlukast M0173494 C062735 zafirlukast N0000006523 114970 zafirlukast 4-(5-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-2-methylindol-3-yl-methyl)-3-methoxy-N-O-tolylsulfonylbenzamide C0378466 C23394 zafirlukast [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006524 venlafaxine M0136964 C047426 venlafaxine N0000006524 39786 venlafaxine 1-(2-dimethylamino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol C0078569 C23396 venlafaxine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006526 iopromide M0115091 C038192 iopromide N0000006526 27781 iopromide N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2-methoxyacetamido)-N-methylisophthalamide iopromid lopromid C0063817 C23400 iopromide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006529 rofecoxib M0300376 C116926 rofecoxib N0000006529 232158 rofecoxib 4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-5H-furan-2-one C0762662 C23406 rofecoxib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006532 Betaxolol M0024177 D015784 A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity. Betaxolol N0000006532 1520 Betaxolol 2-Propanol, 1-(4-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)-3-((1-methylethyl)amino)- C0005320 C23412 Betaxolol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006547 Podophyllotoxin M0017087 D011034 A lignan (LIGNANS) found in PODOPHYLLIN resin from the roots of PODOPHYLLUM plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. Podophyllotoxin N0000006547 8463 podofilox Furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-9-hydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9alpha))- Podofilox C0032334 C23442 Podophyllotoxin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006563 gemcitabine M0158478 C056507 gemcitabine N0000006563 12574 gemcitabine 2',2'-DFDC 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine 2'-deoxy-2'-difluorocytidine dFdCyd C0045093 C23474 gemcitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006566 Glycerol M0009417 D005990 A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent. Glycerol N0000006566 4910 Glycerin 1,2,3-Propanetriol 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane Glycerin Glycerine C0017861 C23480 Glycerol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006574 Nitroglycerin M0009426 D005996 A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives. Nitroglycerin N0000006574 4917 Nitroglycerin 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate Glyceryl Trinitrate C0017887 C23496 Nitroglycerin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006590 Cisapride M0029858 D020117 A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) Cisapride N0000006590 35255 Cisapride Benzamide, 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl)-3-methoxy -4-piperidinyl)-2-methoxy-, cis- C0072916 C23528 Cisapride [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006605 Sirolimus M0029863 D020123 A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties. Sirolimus N0000006605 35302 Sirolimus Rapamycin C0072980 C23558 Sirolimus [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006611 Alprazolam M0000806 D000525 A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238) Alprazolam N0000006611 596 Alprazolam 4H-(1,2,4)Triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl- Alprazolan C0002333 C23570 Alprazolam [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006620 Nitriles M0014878 D009570 Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE. Nitriles N0000006620 7443 C0028131 C23588 Nitriles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006631 Metformin M0013535 D008687 A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289) Metformin N0000006631 6809 Metformin Dimethylbiguanidine Dimethylguanylguanidine Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N,N-dimethyl- C0025598 C23610 Metformin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006648 ropivacaine M0113809 C037663 ropivacaine N0000006648 35780 ropivacaine 1-propyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide C0073571 C23644 ropivacaine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006649 Nitrofurantoin M0014893 D009582 A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression. Nitrofurantoin N0000006649 7454 Nitrofurantoin 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-(((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino)- C0028156 C23646 Nitrofurantoin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006665 Sotalol M0020177 D013015 An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias. Sotalol N0000006665 9947 Sotalol Methanesulfonamide, N-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)- C0037707 C23678 Sotalol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006669 Prednisolone M0017460 D011239 A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. Prednisolone N0000006669 8638 prednisolone Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-, (11beta)- C0032950 C23686 Prednisolone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006670 Amantadine M0000847 D000547 An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake. Amantadine N0000006670 620 Amantadine 1-Aminoadamantane Adamantylamine Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decan-1-amine C0002403 C23688 Amantadine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006672 tolcapone M0182081 C066340 tolcapone N0000006672 72937 tolcapone 3,4-dihydroxy-5'-methyl-5-nitrobenzophenone C0246330 C23692 tolcapone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006682 Diltiazem M0006434 D004110 A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. Diltiazem N0000006682 3443 Diltiazem 1,5-Benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, (2S-cis)- C0012373 C23712 Diltiazem [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006684 Carmustine M0003490 D002330 A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Carmustine N0000006684 2105 Carmustine 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea BCNU FIVB N,N'-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-N-Nitrosourea Urea, N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso- C0007257 C23716 Carmustine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006686 Succimer M0006442 D004113 A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them. Succimer N0000006686 3446 Succimer 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-, (R*,S*)- DMSA meso-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid C0012384 C23720 Succimer [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006692 Propafenone M0017736 D011405 An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated. Propafenone N0000006692 8754 Propafenone 1-Propanone, 1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl- C0033429 C23732 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/anda/2000/75203_Propafenone%20Hydrochloride_Prntlbl.pdf Propafenone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006700 Levodopa M0012434 D007980 The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Levodopa N0000006700 6375 Levodopa 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-Dopa C0023570 C23748 Levodopa [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006704 Midazolam M0013843 D008874 A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH. Midazolam N0000006704 6960 Midazolam 4H-Imidazo(1,5-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl- C0026056 C23756 Midazolam [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006708 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone M0012446 D007987 A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone N0000006708 6384 Gonadorelin 5-oxoPro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 (human or pig) FSH-Releasing Hormone Gn-RH GnRH Gonadoliberin Gonadorelin LFRH LH-FSH Releasing Hormone LH-RH LH-Releasing Hormone LH/FSH-RH LHFSH Releasing Hormone LHFSHRH LHRH Luliberin Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone C0023610 C23764 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006710 Interferon-alpha M0025711 D016898 One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. Interferon-alpha N0000006710 541 Interferon-alpha Interferon Alfa Interferon, Leukocyte Interferon, Lymphoblast Interferon, Lymphoblastoid Interferon, alpha alpha-Interferon C0002199 C23768 Interferon-alpha [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006718 Polyethylene Glycols M0017182 D011092 Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS. Polyethylene Glycols N0000006718 8516 Polyethylene Glycols Macrogols Polyethylene Glycol Polyethylene Oxide Polyethyleneoxide Polyoxyethylenes C0032483 C23784 Polyethylene Glycols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006724 Colchicine M0004732 D003078 A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE). Colchicine N0000006724 2683 Colchicine Acetamide, N-(5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxobenzo(a)heptalen-7-yl)-, (S)- C0009262 C23796 Colchicine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006753 Itraconazole M0027131 D017964 A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis. Itraconazole N0000006753 28031 Itraconazole 3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one, 4-(4-(4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2-(1-methylpropyl)- C0064113 C23856 Itraconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006756 Glutamic Acid M0028010 D018698 A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Glutamic Acid N0000006756 25916 Glutamic Acid L-Glutamic Acid L-Glutamic acid C0061472 C23862 Glutamic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006787 Propylthiouracil M0017784 D011441 A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534) Propylthiouracil N0000006787 8794 Propylthiouracil 4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-6-propyl-2-thioxo- 6-Propyl-2-Thiouracil C0033511 C23924 Propylthiouracil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006795 Doxorubicin M0006784 D004317 Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN. Doxorubicin N0000006795 3639 Doxorubicin 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)- C0013089 C23940 Doxorubicin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006798 Etoposide M0007930 D005047 A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. Etoposide N0000006798 4179 Etoposide Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside Eposide Furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 9-((4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9beta(R*)))- C0015133 C23946 Etoposide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006803 Penicillamine M0016122 D010396 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease. Penicillamine N0000006803 7975 Penicillamine D-3-Mercaptovaline D-Penicillamine D-Valine, 3-mercapto- Dimethylcysteine Mercaptovaline beta,beta-Dimethylcysteine C0030817 C23956 Penicillamine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006806 Amino Acids M0000922 D000596 Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. Amino Acids N0000006806 658 Amino Acids C0002520 C23962 Amino Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006812 aldesleukin M0220038 C082598 aldesleukin N0000006812 70223 Aldesleukin 2-133-Interleukin 2 (human reduced), 125-L-serine- C0218986 C23974 aldesleukin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006832 Topotecan M0029340 D019772 An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Topotecan N0000006832 57308 Topotecan 9-Dimethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin Hycamtamine C0146224 C24014 Topotecan [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006847 Fatty Acids M0008265 D005227 Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Fatty Acids N0000006847 4297 C0015684 C24044 Fatty Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006908 Dapsone M0005661 D003622 A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8) Dapsone N0000006908 3108 Dapsone 4,4'-Diaminophenyl Sulfone DADPS Diaminodiphenylsulfone Diaphenylsulfone Sulfonyldianiline C0010980 C24166 Dapsone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006931 Daunorubicin M0005683 D003630 A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS. Daunorubicin N0000006931 3109 Daunorubicin 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)- Dauno-Rubidomycine Daunomycin Rubidomycin Rubomycin C0011015 C24212 Daunorubicin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006933 Zidovudine M0023377 D015215 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. Zidovudine N0000006933 11413 Zidovudine 3'-Azido-2',3'-Dideoxythymidine 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine AZT (Antiviral) AZT Antiviral AZT, Antiviral Azidothymidine Thymidine, 3'-azido-3'-deoxy- C0043474 C24216 Zidovudine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006966 Flecainide M0008556 D005424 A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients. Flecainide N0000006966 4441 Flecainide Benzamide, N-(2-piperidinylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)- C0016229 C24282 Flecainide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006990 Indomethacin M0011240 D007213 A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Indomethacin N0000006990 5781 Indomethacin 1H-Indole-3-acetic acid, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl- Indometacin C0021246 C24330 Indomethacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000006999 Urea M0022315 D014508 A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. Urea N0000006999 11002 Urea Carbamide C0041942 C24348 Urea [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007003 Flucytosine M0008576 D005437 A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent. Flucytosine N0000007003 4451 Flucytosine 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-5-fluoro- 5-Fluorocytosine C0016278 C24356 Flucytosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007019 Ofloxacin M0023430 D015242 A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION. Ofloxacin N0000007019 7623 Ofloxacin (+/-)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7- -oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)- -1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid Ofloxacine C0028902 C24388 Ofloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007026 vinorelbine M0097344 C030852 vinorelbine N0000007026 39541 vinorelbine 5'-nor-anhydrovinblastine C'-Norvincaleukoblastine, 3',4'-didehydro-4'-deoxy- C0078257 C24402 vinorelbine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007029 Fentanyl M0008338 D005283 A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078) Fentanyl N0000007029 4337 Fentanyl Phentanyl Propanamide, N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)- C0015846 C24408 Fentanyl [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007039 Gemfibrozil M0023484 D015248 A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. These decreases occur primarily in the VLDL fraction and less frequently in the LDL fraction. Gemfibrozil increases HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely established. Gemfibrozil N0000007039 4719 Gemfibrozil Gemfibrosil Pentanoic acid, 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl- C0017245 C24428 Gemfibrozil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007041 Tamoxifen M0021024 D013629 One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM. Tamoxifen N0000007041 10324 Tamoxifen Ethanamine, 2-(4-(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethyl-, (Z)- C0039286 C24432 Tamoxifen [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007045 Ifosfamide M0010999 D007069 Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. Ifosfamide N0000007045 5657 Ifosfamide 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide Iphosphamide Iso-Endoxan Isofosfamide Isophosphamide C0020823 C24440 Ifosfamide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007046 Ciprofloxacin M0004498 D002939 A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. Ciprofloxacin N0000007046 2551 Ciprofloxacin 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)- C0008809 C24442 Ciprofloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007050 zaleplon M0227287 C085665 zaleplon N0000007050 74667 zaleplon Acetamide, N-(3-(3-cyanopyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethyl- N-(3-(3-cyanopyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide C0251504 C24450 zaleplon [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007054 Pravastatin M0025879 D017035 An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES). Pravastatin N0000007054 42463 Pravastatin 1-Naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-, (1S-(1alpha(betaS*,deltaS*),2alpha,6alpha,8beta(R*),8aalpha))- Eptastatin C0085542 C24460 Pravastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007062 Cisplatin M0004505 D002945 An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Cisplatin N0000007062 2555 Cisplatin Dichlorodiammineplatinum Platinum Diamminodichloride Platinum, diamminedichloro-, (SP-4-2)- cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) cis-Platinum C0008838 C24476 Cisplatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007065 Deferoxamine M0005750 D003676 Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form. Deferoxamine N0000007065 3131 Deferoxamine Butanediamide, N'-(5-((4-((5-(acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl)amino)-1,4-dioxobutyl)hydroxyamino)pentyl)-N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxy- Deferoxamine B Deferoximine Deferrioxamine B Desferioximine Desferrioxamine Desferrioxamine B Desferroxamine C0011145 C24482 Deferoxamine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007096 Fructose M0008855 D005632 A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. Fructose N0000007096 4570 Fructose Levulose C0016745 C24544 Fructose [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007099 Fluorouracil M0008631 D005472 A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. Fluorouracil N0000007099 4492 Fluorouracil 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-fluoro- 5-FU 5-Fluorouracil 5FU Fluoruracil C0016360 C24550 Fluorouracil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007101 Fluoxetine M0008635 D005473 The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants. Fluoxetine N0000007101 4493 Fluoxetine Benzenepropanamine, N-methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-, (+-)- Fluoxetin N-Methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine C0016365 C24554 Fluoxetine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007103 tizanidine M0081344 C023754 tizanidine N0000007103 57258 tizanidine 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazol-4-amine, 5-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole C0146011 C24558 tizanidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007106 Lovastatin M0012707 D008148 A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver. Lovastatin N0000007106 6472 Lovastatin 6-Methylcompactin Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-(2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-1-naphthalenyl ester, (1S-(1alpha(R*),3alpha,7beta,8beta(2S*,4S*),8abeta))- Mevinolin Monacolin K C0024027 C24564 Lovastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007118 montelukast M0247416 C093875 montelukast N0000007118 88249 montelukast C0298130 C24588 montelukast [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007129 Stavudine M0027323 D018119 A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV. Stavudine N0000007129 59763 Stavudine 2',3'-Didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythmidine 2',3'-Didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine D4T Thymidine, 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy- C0164662 C24610 Stavudine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007133 Erythromycin M0007715 D004917 A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. Erythromycin N0000007133 4053 Erythromycin Erythromycin A C0014806 C24618 Erythromycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007153 Paclitaxel M0026156 D017239 A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death. Paclitaxel N0000007153 56946 Paclitaxel Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester, (2aR-(2aalph C0144576 C24658 Paclitaxel [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007164 Carboplatin M0024707 D016190 An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity. Carboplatin N0000007164 40048 Carboplatin CBDCA Platinum, diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-))-, (SP-4-2)- cis-Diammine(cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum II C0079083 C24680 Carboplatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007166 Foscarnet M0026166 D017245 An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV. Foscarnet N0000007166 33562 Foscarnet Phosphinecarboxylic acid, dihydroxy-, oxide Phosphonoformic Acid C0070895 C24684 Foscarnet [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007182 Clomipramine M0004598 D002997 A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine. Clomipramine N0000007182 2597 Clomipramine 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine, 3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl- Chlomipramine Chlorimipramine C0009010 C24716 Clomipramine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007186 Vidarabine M0022659 D014740 A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus. Vidarabine N0000007186 11194 Vidarabine 9-beta-Arabinofuranosyladenine 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl- Adenine Arabinoside Ara A Ara-A Arabinofuranosyladenine Arabinosyladenine alpha-Ara A alpha-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine beta-Ara A C0042646 C24724 Vidarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007188 Kanamycin M0011917 D007612 Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components. Kanamycin N0000007188 6099 Kanamycin D-Streptamine, O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))-2-deoxy- C0022487 C24728 Kanamycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007195 Desipramine M0006074 D003891 A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors. Desipramine N0000007195 3247 Desipramine 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine, 10,11-dihydro-N-methyl- Demethylimipramine Desmethylimipramine C0011685 C24742 Desipramine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007202 Ramipril M0026184 D017257 A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat. Ramipril N0000007202 35296 Ramipril Cyclopenta(b)pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(2-((1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-1-oxopropyl)octahydro-, (2S-(1(R*(R*)),2alpha,3abeta,6abeta))- C0072973 C24756 Ramipril [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007206 Vinblastine M0022672 D014747 Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.) Vinblastine N0000007206 11198 Vinblastine Vincaleukoblastine C0042670 C24764 Vinblastine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007216 Etidronic Acid M0020098 D012968 A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover. Etidronic Acid N0000007216 4172 (1-hydroxyethylene)diphosphonic acid Hydroxyethylidene Diphosphonic Acid C0015121 C24784 Etidronic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007257 Iohexol M0011673 D007472 An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality. Iohexol N0000007257 5956 Iohexol 1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, 5-(acetyl(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino)-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo- Iohexol 350 C0022005 C24866 Iohexol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007266 Altretamine M0010310 D006585 A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. Altretamine N0000007266 5296 Altretamine 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethyl- Hemel Hexamethylmelamine C0019453 C24884 Altretamine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007268 Iopamidol M0011680 D007479 A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures. Iopamidol N0000007268 5966 Iopamidol 1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl)-5-((2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl)amino)-2,4,6-triiodo- Jopamidol C0022026 C24888 Iopamidol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007269 Acyclovir M0000326 D000212 A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes. Acyclovir N0000007269 281 Acyclovir 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)- 9-((2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl)guanine Aciclovir Acycloguanosine C0001367 C24890 Acyclovir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007273 Sumatriptan M0027392 D018170 A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. Sumatriptan N0000007273 37418 Sumatriptan 1H-Indole-5-methanesulfonamide, 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl- 3-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide C0075632 C24898 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020080s049lbl.pdf Sumatriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007276 bicalutamide M0151653 C053541 bicalutamide N0000007276 83008 bicalutamide 4'-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3'-(trifluoromethyl)propionanilide Propanamide, N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-, (+-)- C0285590 C24904 bicalutamide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007277 clopidogrel M0155432 C055162 clopidogrel N0000007277 32968 clopidogrel methyl 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno(3,2-c)pyridin-5-yl)acetate C0070166 C24906 clopidogrel [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007293 Hydroxyurea M0010790 D006918 An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Hydroxyurea N0000007293 5552 hydroxyurea Hydroxycarbamid Urea, hydroxy- C0020402 C24938 Hydroxyurea [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007297 Nalidixic Acid M0014437 D009268 A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE. Nalidixic Acid N0000007297 7240 Nalidixic Acid 1,8-Naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo- Nalidixin C0027353 C24946 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/014214s060lbl.pdf Nalidixic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007302 Tacrolimus M0025261 D016559 A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. Tacrolimus N0000007302 42316 Tacrolimus 15,19-Epoxy-3H-pyrido(2,1-c)(1,4)oxaazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone, 5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-5,19-dihydroxy-3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)-1-methylethenyl)-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-8-(2-p C0085149 C24956 Tacrolimus [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007307 Ethambutol M0007814 D004977 An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863) Ethambutol N0000007307 4110 Ethambutol 1-Butanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)bis-, (S-(R*,R*))- C0014964 C24966 Ethambutol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007309 Adenine M0000347 D000225 A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES. Adenine N0000007309 290 Adenine 1H-Purin-6-amine Vitamin B 4 C0001407 C24970 Adenine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007310 Adenine Nucleotides M0000352 D000227 Adenine Nucleotides N0000007310 292 Adenosine Phosphates C0001413 C24972 Adenine Nucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007319 Ketoconazole M0011987 D007654 Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Ketoconazole N0000007319 6135 Ketoconazole Piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-, cis- C0022625 C24990 Ketoconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007326 Leuprolide M0025473 D016729 A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Leuprolide N0000007326 42375 Leuprolide Leuprorelin Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pig), 6-D-leucine-9-(N-ethyl-L-prolinamide)-10-deglycinamide- C0085272 C25004 Leuprolide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007339 Methimazole M0013573 D008713 A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme. Methimazole N0000007339 6835 Methimazole 1-Methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole 2H-Imidazole-2-thione, 1,3-dihydro-1-methyl- Mercasolyl Mercazolyl Merkazolil Methylmercaptoimidazole Methymazol Thiamazole Thimazol Tiamazol C0025644 C25030 Methimazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007346 Cyclosporine M0025279 D016572 A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). Cyclosporine N0000007346 3008 Cyclosporine Ciclosporin Cyclosporin Cyclosporin A Cyclosporine A C0010592 C25044 Cyclosporine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007347 zolpidem M0140872 C049109 zolpidem N0000007347 39993 zolpidem N,N,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo(1,2a)pyridine-3-acetamide hemitartrate C0078839 C25046 zolpidem [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007355 Adenosine M0000377 D000241 A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine N0000007355 296 Adenosine C0001443 C25062 Adenosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007358 Delavirdine M0029713 D020008 A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Delavirdine N0000007358 83816 Delavirdine Piperazine, 1-(3-((1-methylethyl)amino)-2-pyridinyl)-4-((5-((methylsulfonyl)amino)-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)- C0288165 C25068 Delavirdine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007362 Acetates M0000125 D000085 Salts or esters of acetic acid in which the terminal hydrogen atom is replaced by a metal, for instance copper acetate Cu(CH3COO)2, or where substitution is by a radical, for instance ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) Acetates N0000007362 166 C0000979 C25076 Acetates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007366 dofetilide M0175350 C063533 dofetilide N0000007366 49247 dofetilide 1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenoxy)-2-(N-(4-methanesulfonamidophenethyl)-N-methylamine)ethane 1-MSPMPE C0114771 C25084 dofetilide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007370 Methotrexate M0013595 D008727 An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. Methotrexate N0000007370 6851 Methotrexate Amethopterin L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)methylamino)benzoyl)- C0025677 C25092 Methotrexate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007376 Saquinavir M0028681 D019258 An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. Saquinavir N0000007376 83395 Saquinavir Saquinivir C0286738 C25104 Saquinavir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007380 Lamivudine M0028682 D019259 A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease. Lamivudine N0000007380 68244 Lamivudine 2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-, (2R-cis)- 3TC C0209738 C25112 Lamivudine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007383 Astemizole M0025303 D016589 A long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. The drug is well tolerated and has no anticholinergic side effects. Astemizole N0000007383 42328 Astemizole 1H-Benzimidazol-2-amine, 1-((4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-N-(1-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-4-piperidinyl)- C0085170 C25118 Astemizole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007398 Terfenadine M0025307 D016593 A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. Terfenadine N0000007398 42330 Terfenadine 1-Piperidinebutanol, alpha-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)- Terfenidine alpha-(4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl)-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperdinebutanol C0085173 C25148 Terfenadine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007399 pantoprazole M0177102 C064276 pantoprazole N0000007399 40790 pantoprazole 1H-Benzimidazole, 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)- C0081876 C25150 pantoprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007402 Misoprostol M0025309 D016595 A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties. Misoprostol N0000007402 42331 Misoprostol Prost-13-en-1-oic acid, 11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxo-, methyl ester, (11alpha,13E)- C0085174 C25156 Misoprostol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007406 Auranofin M0001971 D001310 An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious. Auranofin N0000007406 1227 Auranofin Gold, (1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose 2,3,4,6-tetraacetato-S)(triethylphosphine)- C0004320 C25164 Auranofin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007423 Ritonavir M0028918 D019438 An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Ritonavir N0000007423 85762 Ritonavir C0292818 C25198 Ritonavir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007428 atorvastatin M0179294 C065179 atorvastatin N0000007428 83367 atorvastatin liptonorm C0286651 C25208 atorvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007430 Capsaicin M0003308 D002211 An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS. Capsaicin N0000007430 1992 Capsaicin 6-Nonenamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-8-methyl-, (E)- 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-Nonenamide Capsaicine C0006931 C25212 Capsaicin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007432 Ethanol M0000653 D000431 A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. Ethanol N0000007432 448 Ethanol Alcohol, Ethyl Grain Alcohol C0001962 C25216 Ethanol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007439 Alcohols M0000663 D000438 Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Alcohols N0000007439 455 Alcohols C0001975 C25230 Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007441 anastrozole M0238999 C090450 anastrozole N0000007441 84857 anastrozole 1,3-Benzenediacetonitrile, alpha,alpha,alpha',alpha'-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- 2,2'-(5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-methylpropionitrile) anastrazole C0290883 C25234 anastrozole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007446 fluvastatin M0179302 C065180 fluvastatin N0000007446 41127 fluvastatin 7-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate fluindostatin C0082608 C25244 fluvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007451 Norfloxacin M0014980 D009643 A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE. Norfloxacin N0000007451 7517 Norfloxacin 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)- C0028365 C25254 Norfloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007462 Methylergonovine M0013636 D008755 A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed) Methylergonovine N0000007462 6883 Methylergonovine Ergoline-8-carboxamide, 9,10-didehydro-N-(1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-6-methyl-, (8beta(S))- Methylergobasin Methylergometrin Methylergometrine C0025760 C25276 Methylergonovine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007464 Rifabutin M0026934 D017828 A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. Rifabutin N0000007464 55672 Rifabutin Ansamycin Rifabutine Rifamycin XIV, 1',4-didehydro-1-deoxy-1,4-dihydro-5'-(2-methylpropyl)-1-oxo- C0140575 C25280 Rifabutin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007468 Penicillin G M0016133 D010400 A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission. Penicillin G N0000007468 7980 Penicillin G 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)- (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))- Benzylpenicillin C0030827 C25288 Penicillin G [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007469 Penicillin G Benzathine M0016138 D010401 Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine. Penicillin G Benzathine N0000007469 7982 penicillin G benzathine 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)- (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, compd. with N,N'-bis(phenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (2:1) Benzathine Benzylpenicillin Benzathine Penicillin C0030829 C25290 Penicillin G Benzathine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007470 Carbamazepine M0003328 D002220 An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar. Carbamazepine N0000007470 2002 Carbamazepine 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-carboxamide C0006949 C25292 Carbamazepine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007472 Amino Acids, Essential M0000927 D000601 Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs. Amino Acids, Essential N0000007472 663 Essential Amino Acids C0002525 C25296 Amino Acids, Essential [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007479 sildenafil M0265894 C101426 sildenafil N0000007479 136411 sildenafil C0529793 C25310 sildenafil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007480 Buspirone M0003077 D002065 An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM. Buspirone N0000007480 1827 Buspirone 8-Azaspiro(4.5)decane-7,9-dione, 8-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)- N-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-1-cyclopentanediacetamide C0006462 C25312 Buspirone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007499 Carbolines M0003364 D002243 A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of indole and any derivatives of these compounds. These are similar to CARBAZOLES which are benzo-indoles. Carbolines N0000007499 2030 Pyrido(4,3-b)Indoles C0007007 C25354 Carbolines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007503 Alkaloids M0000713 D000470 Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Alkaloids N0000007503 496 C0002062 C25362 Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007507 Oligopeptides M0015279 D009842 Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids. Oligopeptides N0000007507 7639 C0028954 C25370 Oligopeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007515 Anilides M0001214 D000813 Anilides N0000007515 842 C0003035 C25386 Anilides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007520 Benzamides M0002327 D001549 BENZOIC ACID amides. Benzamides N0000007520 1381 C0005029 C25396 Benzamides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007523 Benzamidines M0002328 D001550 Amidines substituted with a benzene group. Benzamidine and its derivatives are known as peptidase inhibitors. Benzamidines N0000007523 1382 C0005030 C25402 Benzamidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007524 Benzazepines M0002330 D001552 Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES. Benzazepines N0000007524 1384 C0005034 C25404 Benzazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007525 Benzene Derivatives M0002333 D001555 Benzene Derivatives N0000007525 1387 C0005037 C25406 Benzene Derivatives [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007526 Phenethylamines M0016506 D010627 A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Phenethylamines N0000007526 8127 Phenylethylamines C0031399 C25408 Phenethylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007527 Benzenesulfonates M0002336 D001557 Organic salts and esters of benzenesulfonic acid. Benzenesulfonates N0000007527 1389 C0005040 C25410 Benzenesulfonates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007528 Benzhydryl Compounds M0002345 D001559 Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed. Benzhydryl Compounds N0000007528 1392 Diphenylmethyl Compounds C0005046 C25412 Benzhydryl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007529 Macrolides M0028311 D018942 A group of macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, 16) membered lactone. They are often glycosylated. Many of them are ANTIBIOTICS. Macrolides N0000007529 586370 C0282563 C25414 Macrolides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007530 Anthracyclines M0028312 D018943 Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine. Anthracyclines N0000007530 82158 C0282564 C25416 Anthracyclines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007532 Spiro Compounds M0020345 D013141 A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one carbon atom in common. Spiro Compounds N0000007532 9993 C0037968 C25420 Spiro Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007536 Benzimidazoles M0002348 D001562 Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES. Benzimidazoles N0000007536 1396 C0005050 C25428 Benzimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007540 Phenols M0016520 D010636 Phenols N0000007540 8140 Carbol C0031428 C25436 Phenols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007541 Anions M0001248 D000838 Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis. Anions N0000007541 853 C0003075 C25438 Anions [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007542 Benzodiazepines M0002356 D001569 A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Benzodiazepines N0000007542 1402 Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepine Compounds C0005064 C25440 Benzodiazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007548 Benzofurans M0002359 D001572 Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. Benzofurans N0000007548 1405 Coumarones C0005068 C25452 Benzofurans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007549 Phenyl Ethers M0016542 D010647 Ethers that are linked to a benzene ring structure. Phenyl Ethers N0000007549 8154 C0031449 C25454 Phenyl Ethers [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007552 Benzophenones M0002366 D001577 Benzophenones N0000007552 1410 C0005077 C25460 Benzophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007553 Benzopyrans M0002367 D001578 Compounds with a core of fused benzo-pyran rings. Benzopyrans N0000007553 1411 Chromenes C0005078 C25462 Benzopyrans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007556 Dihydropyridines M0006414 D004095 Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. Dihydropyridines N0000007556 3427 C0012315 C25468 Dihydropyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007561 Triazines M0021908 D014227 Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES. Triazines N0000007561 10765 C0040877 C25478 Triazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007563 Benzyl Compounds M0002387 D001593 Benzyl Compounds N0000007563 1428 C0005103 C25482 Benzyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007565 Pyrazines M0018225 D011719 Pyrazines N0000007565 8988 C0034240 C25486 Pyrazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007567 Triazoles M0021911 D014230 Triazoles N0000007567 10768 C0040880 C25490 Triazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007568 Oxazolidinones M0361132 D023303 Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents. Oxazolidinones N0000007568 267582 C0887953 C25492 Oxazolidinones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007570 Pyridines M0018233 D011725 Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES. Pyridines N0000007570 8995 C0034255 C25496 Pyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007574 Anthracenes M0001303 D000873 A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement. Anthracenes N0000007574 871 C0003163 C25504 Anthracenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007582 Salicylic Acids M0019370 D012461 Derivatives and salts of SALICYLIC ACID. Salicylic Acids N0000007582 9526 C0036080 C25520 Salicylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007583 Anthraquinones M0001314 D000880 Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contains two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups. Anthraquinones N0000007583 879 Anthracenediones Anthranoids C0003174 C25522 Anthraquinones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007586 Biogenic Monoamines M0023566 D015306 Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids. Biogenic Monoamines N0000007586 1565 Monoamines, Biogenic C0005497 C25528 Biogenic Monoamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007587 Pyrimidines M0018260 D011743 A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates. Pyrimidines N0000007587 9015 C0034289 C25530 Pyrimidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007588 Pyrimidinones M0018261 D011744 Pyrimidinones N0000007588 9016 C0034290 C25532 Pyrimidinones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007590 Pyrones M0018272 D011753 Keto-pyrans. Pyrones N0000007590 9028 C0034314 C25536 Pyrones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007592 Pyrroles M0018276 D011758 Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties. Pyrroles N0000007592 9033 1-aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene C0034325 C25540 Pyrroles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007593 Pyrrolidines M0018277 D011759 Pyrrolidines N0000007593 9034 C0034326 C25542 Pyrrolidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007599 Triiodobenzoic Acids M0021975 D014283 Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Triiodobenzoic Acids N0000007599 10813 C0041013 C25556 Triiodobenzoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007604 Hexoses M0010338 D006601 Hexoses N0000007604 5318 C0019494 C25568 Hexoses [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007605 Quinazolines M0018336 D011799 Quinazolines N0000007605 9064 C0034407 C25570 Quinazolines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007606 Quinolones M0023650 D015363 A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID. Quinolones N0000007606 9080 Ketoquinolines Oxoquinolines Quinolinones C0034428 C25572 Quinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007612 Interferon Type I, Recombinant M0023692 D015379 A type I interferon with antiviral and antineoplastic activity produced by recombinant DNA technology. It can be a mixture of alpha and beta interferons. Interferon Type I, Recombinant N0000007612 5878 C0021733 C25584 Interferon Type I, Recombinant [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007614 Interferon Type I M0011489 D007370 Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA). Interferon Type I N0000007614 5884 Interferons Type I Type I Interferon Type I Interferons C0021743 C25588 Interferon Type I [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007615 Globulins M0009293 D005916 Globulins N0000007615 4825 C0017649 C25590 Globulins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007616 Thymidine M0021446 D013936 Thymidine N0000007616 10544 C0040077 C25592 Thymidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007618 Ergolines M0007652 D004873 A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure. Ergolines N0000007618 4020 C0014699 C25596 Ergolines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007619 Ergonovine M0007653 D004874 An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties. Ergonovine N0000007619 4021 Ergonovine Ergobasin Ergoline-8-carboxamide, 9,10-didehydro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-, (8beta(S))- Ergometrin Ergometrine C0014704 C25598 Ergonovine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007620 Ergot Alkaloids M0007656 D004876 Alkaloids originally isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea (Hypocreaceae). They include compounds that are structurally related to ergoline (ERGOLINES) and ergotamine (ERGOTAMINES). Many of the ergot alkaloids act as alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Ergot Alkaloids N0000007620 4023 Ergot Alkaloids Clavine Alkaloids Ergots C0014707 C25600 Ergot Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007621 Ergotamines M0007665 D004879 A series of structurally-related alkaloids containing the ergotaman backbone structure. Ergotamines N0000007621 4026 C0014711 C25602 Ergotamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007626 Acids M0000220 D000143 Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Acids N0000007626 230 C0001128 C25612 Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007627 Acids, Acyclic M0000221 D000144 Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures. Acids, Acyclic N0000007627 231 Acyclic Acids C0001129 C25614 Acids, Acyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007628 Acids, Carbocyclic M0000223 D000146 Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon. Acids, Carbocyclic N0000007628 233 Carbocyclic Acids C0001131 C25616 Acids, Carbocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007630 Acids, Noncarboxylic M0000225 D000148 Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no carbon. Acids, Noncarboxylic N0000007630 235 Noncarboxylic Acids C0001133 C25620 Acids, Noncarboxylic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007634 Glucosides M0009358 D005960 Glucosides N0000007634 4871 C0017765 C25628 Glucosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007635 2-Chloroadenosine M0024149 D015762 2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system. 2-Chloroadenosine N0000007635 40 Adenosine, 2-chloro- C0000275 C25630 2-Chloroadenosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007638 Glutamates M0009376 D005971 Salts and esters of glutamic acid. Glutamates N0000007638 4883 C0017789 C25636 Glutamates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007642 Lactams M0012143 D007769 Cyclic AMIDES formed from aminocarboxylic acids by the elimination of water. Lactims are the enol forms of lactams. Lactams N0000007642 6195 C0022914 C25644 Lactams [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007646 Lactones M0012175 D007783 Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure. Large cyclic lactones of over a dozen atoms are MACROLIDES. Lactones N0000007646 6209 C0022947 C25652 Lactones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007647 Nitrates M0014874 D009566 Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. Nitrates N0000007647 7439 C0028125 C25654 Nitrates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007658 Nitrofurans M0014892 D009581 Nitrofurans N0000007658 7453 C0028155 C25676 Nitrofurans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007659 Nitrogen Mustard Compounds M0014901 D009588 A group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen. They were formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now function as antineoplastic agents. These compounds are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens. Nitrogen Mustard Compounds N0000007659 7461 C0028165 C25678 Nitrogen Mustard Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007662 Polyamines M0017151 D011073 Polyamines N0000007662 8495 C0032433 C25684 Polyamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007663 Nitroimidazoles M0014907 D009593 Nitroimidazoles N0000007663 7468 C0028179 C25686 Nitroimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007669 Propanolamines M0017745 D011412 AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the propanolamine (NH2CH2CHOHCH2) group and its derivatives. Propanolamines N0000007669 8760 Aminopropanols C0033442 C25698 Propanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007676 Organic Chemicals M0015401 D009930 A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form. Organic Chemicals N0000007676 7692 C0029224 C25712 Organic Chemicals [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007679 Propiophenones M0017764 D011427 Propiophenones N0000007679 8780 C0033483 C25718 Propiophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007681 Amides M0000897 D000577 Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Amides N0000007681 633 C0002482 C25722 Amides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007683 Organometallic Compounds M0015420 D009942 A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Organometallic Compounds N0000007683 7695 Metallo-Organic Compounds C0029252 C25726 Organometallic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007684 Organophosphorus Compounds M0015421 D009943 Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS. Organophosphorus Compounds N0000007684 7696 C0029254 C25728 Organophosphorus Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007685 Organoplatinum Compounds M0015422 D009944 Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule. Organoplatinum Compounds N0000007685 7697 C0029255 C25730 Organoplatinum Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007691 Propylamines M0017781 D011437 Propylamines N0000007691 8790 C0033504 C25742 Propylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007692 Benzoic Acids M0029896 D020185 Acids, salts, and derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Benzoic Acids N0000007692 155099 C0600423 C25744 Benzoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007696 Phosphorus Acids M0027146 D017976 Inorganic acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Phosphorus Acids N0000007696 67101 C0206451 C25752 Phosphorus Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007697 Dipeptides M0006502 D004151 Peptides composed of two amino acid units. Dipeptides N0000007697 3496 C0012512 C25754 Dipeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007698 Biguanides M0002471 D001645 Biguanides N0000007698 1532 C0005382 C25756 Biguanides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007703 Amino Acids, Cyclic M0000924 D000598 A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure. Amino Acids, Cyclic N0000007703 660 Cyclic Amino Acids C0002522 C25766 Amino Acids, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007706 Prostaglandins M0017805 D011453 A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes. Prostaglandins N0000007706 8803 Prostanoids C0033554 C25772 Prostaglandins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007707 Diphosphonates M0006519 D004164 Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents. Diphosphonates N0000007707 3508 Bisphosphonates C0012544 C25774 Diphosphonates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007710 Prostaglandins E, Synthetic M0017811 D011459 Analogs or derivatives of prostaglandins E that do not occur naturally in the body. They do not include the product of the chemical synthesis of hormonal PGE. Prostaglandins E, Synthetic N0000007710 8809 PGE Synthetic Prostaglandin E Analogs Prostaglandin E Analogues Synthetic Prostaglandins E C0033560 C25780 Prostaglandins E, Synthetic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007714 Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated M0008269 D005229 Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position. Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated N0000007714 4299 C0015687 C25788 Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007715 Catecholamines M0003647 D002395 A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine. Catecholamines N0000007715 2146 Sympathins C0007412 C25790 Catecholamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007716 Catechols M0003648 D002396 A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2. Catechols N0000007716 2147 Pyrocatechols o-Dihydroxybenzenes ortho-Dihydroxybenzenes C0007413 C25792 Catechols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007717 Fatty Acids, Unsaturated M0008271 D005231 FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Fatty Acids, Unsaturated N0000007717 4302 C0015690 C25794 Fatty Acids, Unsaturated [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007718 Fatty Alcohols M0008274 D005233 Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Fatty Alcohols N0000007718 4304 C0015694 C25796 Fatty Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007720 Steroids M0020527 D013256 A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Steroids N0000007720 10072 C0038317 C25800 Steroids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007721 Phosphonoacetic Acid M0016688 D010746 A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent. Phosphonoacetic Acid N0000007721 8250 Acetic acid, phosphono- Phosphonacetic Acid C0031681 C25802 Phosphonoacetic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007725 Steroids, Fluorinated M0020530 D013259 Steroids which are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position. Steroids, Fluorinated N0000007725 10075 Fluorinated Steroids C0038320 C25810 Steroids, Fluorinated [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007726 Biogenic Amines M0002518 D001679 A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology. Biogenic Amines N0000007726 1564 Amines, Biogenic Biogenic Amine C0005496 C25812 Biogenic Amines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007728 Quinidine M0018341 D011802 An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. Quinidine N0000007728 9068 Quinidine Chinidin Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (9S)- C0034414 C25816 Quinidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007731 Quinolines M0018350 D011804 Quinolines N0000007731 9077 C0034424 C25822 Quinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007733 Phosphoramide Mustards M0016714 D010752 A group of nitrogen mustard compounds which are substituted with a phosphoramide group or its derivatives. They are usually cytotoxic and used as antineoplastic agents. Phosphoramide Mustards N0000007733 8256 C0031692 C25826 Phosphoramide Mustards [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007736 Stilbenes M0020537 D013267 Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group. Stilbenes N0000007736 10081 C0038333 C25832 Stilbenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007740 Quinuclidines M0018359 D011812 Quinuclidines N0000007740 9086 C0034439 C25840 Quinuclidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007753 Phthalimides M0016770 D010797 The imide of phthalic acids. Phthalimides N0000007753 8291 C0031785 C25866 Phthalimides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007761 Deoxyadenosines M0005990 D003839 Adenosine molecules which can be substituted in any position, but are lacking one hydroxyl group in the ribose part of the molecule. Deoxyadenosines N0000007761 3193 Adenine Deoxyribonucleosides Adenylyldeoxyribonucleosides C0011476 C25882 Deoxyadenosines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007762 Deoxycytidine M0005997 D003841 Deoxycytidine N0000007762 3195 CDR Cytidine, 2'-deoxy- Cytosine Deoxyribonucleoside Cytosine Deoxyriboside C0011485 C25884 Deoxycytidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007768 Deoxyribonucleosides M0006016 D003853 A purine or pyrimidine base bonded to DEOXYRIBOSE. Deoxyribonucleosides N0000007768 3215 C0011528 C25896 Deoxyribonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007769 Imidazoles M0011048 D007093 Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES). Imidazoles N0000007769 5684 C0020924 C25898 Imidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007775 Furans M0008898 D005663 Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran. Furans N0000007775 4600 C0016850 C25910 Furans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007780 Vinca Alkaloids M0022674 D014748 A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Vinca Alkaloids N0000007780 11200 C0042672 C25920 Vinca Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007783 gamma-Aminobutyric Acid M0008927 D005680 The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid N0000007783 4617 gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 4-Aminobutanoic Acid 4-Aminobutyric Acid Aminalon Aminalone Butanoic acid, 4-amino- GABA C0016904 C25926 gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007793 Adamantane M0000336 D000218 A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. Adamantane N0000007793 287 Diamantane Tricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7))decane C0001392 C25946 Adamantane [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007794 Chlorine Compounds M0026679 D017606 Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule. Chlorine Compounds N0000007794 67167 Chlorine Compounds, Inorganic C0206759 C25948 Chlorine Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007795 Megestrol M0013296 D008535 17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer. Megestrol N0000007795 6703 Megestrol Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxy-6-methyl- C0025175 C25950 Megestrol [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007798 Solanaceous Alkaloids M0020134 D012991 Alkaloids, mainly tropanes, elaborated by plants of the family Solanaceae, including Atropa, Hyoscyamus, Mandragora, Nicotiana, Solanum, etc. Some act as cholinergic antagonists; most are very toxic; many are used medicinally. Solanaceous Alkaloids N0000007798 9929 Solanum Alkaloids C0037600 C25956 Solanaceous Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007805 Ethanolamines M0007823 D004983 AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives. Ethanolamines N0000007805 4116 Aminoethanols C0014983 C25970 Ethanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007809 Naphthalenes M0014459 D009281 Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics. Naphthalenes N0000007809 7251 C0027378 C25978 Naphthalenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007812 Nitrosourea Compounds M0014925 D009607 Nitrosourea Compounds N0000007812 7484 C0028210 C25984 Nitrosourea Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007813 Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic M0028488 D019086 A class of saturated compounds consisting of two rings only, having two or more atoms in common, containing at least one hetero atom, and that take the name of an open chain hydrocarbon containing the same total number of atoms. (From Riguady et al., Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979, p31) Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic N0000007813 82186 Bicyclic Heterocyclic Compounds Heterocyclic Bicyclo Compounds Heterocyclic Cpds, Bicyclic C0282650 C25986 Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007815 Naphthyridines M0014465 D009287 Naphthyridines N0000007815 7257 C0027392 C25990 Naphthyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007820 Polymers M0017208 D011108 Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS). Polymers N0000007820 8534 C0032521 C26000 Polymers [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007830 Oxazines M0015639 D010078 Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen. Oxazines N0000007830 7783 C0030001 C26020 Oxazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007832 Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic M0000926 D000600 Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic N0000007832 662 Dicarboxylic Amino Acids C0002524 C26024 Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007833 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins M0000928 D000602 Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins N0000007833 664 C0002526 C26026 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007835 Oxazoles M0015641 D010080 Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions. Oxazoles N0000007835 7785 1,3-Oxazole C0030004 C26030 Oxazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007836 Amino Acids, Sulfur M0000929 D000603 Amino Acids, Sulfur N0000007836 665 Sulfur Amino Acids C0002527 C26032 Amino Acids, Sulfur [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007838 Amino Alcohols M0000931 D000605 Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2). Amino Alcohols N0000007838 667 C0002530 C26036 Amino Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007845 Platinum Compounds M0026727 D017671 Inorganic compounds which contain platinum as the central atom. Platinum Compounds N0000007845 67018 Platinum Compounds, Inorganic C0206135 C26050 Platinum Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007847 Nitrogen Compounds M0026728 D017672 Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule. Nitrogen Compounds N0000007847 7457 C0028159 C26054 Nitrogen Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007853 Aminoglycosides M0000946 D000617 Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS. Aminoglycosides N0000007853 678 C0002556 C26066 Aminoglycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007856 Pentanoic Acids M0016175 D010421 Pentanoic Acids N0000007856 7999 C0030869 C26072 Pentanoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007861 Aminopterin M0000962 D000630 A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. Aminopterin N0000007861 692 L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)- C0002583 C26082 Aminopterin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007863 Butyrophenones M0003113 D002090 Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone. Butyrophenones N0000007863 1856 C0006525 C26086 Butyrophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007874 Peptides M0016238 D010455 Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES. Peptides N0000007874 8036 C0030956 C26108 Peptides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007875 Peptides, Cyclic M0016239 D010456 Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL). Peptides, Cyclic N0000007875 8037 Cyclic Peptides C0030957 C26110 Peptides, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007876 Succinic Acids M0029427 D019822 A class of dicarboxylic acids with the general structure of butanedioic acid (succinic acid). They are used in perfumery and as a chemical intermediate in medicine. Succinic Acids N0000007876 134500 C0524962 C26112 Succinic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007880 Biphenyl Compounds M0002570 D001713 Biphenyl Compounds N0000007880 1590 C0005580 C26120 Biphenyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007890 Cyclohexanes M0005469 D003510 Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons. Cyclohexanes N0000007890 2989 C0010568 C26140 Cyclohexanes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007891 Cyclohexanols M0005471 D003511 Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers. Cyclohexanols N0000007891 2991 C0010570 C26142 Cyclohexanols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007894 Ribonucleosides M0019074 D012263 Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed) Ribonucleosides N0000007894 9356 C0035546 C26148 Ribonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007896 Cycloparaffins M0005477 D003516 Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a ring structure and each of the ring carbon atoms is joined to two hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. The simplest members are cyclopropane (C3H6), cyclobutane (C4H8), cyclohexane (C6H12), and derivatives of these such as methylcyclohexane (C6H11CH3). (From Sax, et al., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Cycloparaffins N0000007896 2997 Cyclic Olefins Cycloalkanes C0010578 C26152 Cycloparaffins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007897 Glycosides M0009500 D006027 Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed) Glycosides N0000007897 4958 C0017977 C26154 Glycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007898 Ribonucleotides M0019076 D012265 Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed) Ribonucleotides N0000007898 9358 Ribonucleoside Phosphates C0035548 C26156 Ribonucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007903 Cyclosporins M0005493 D003524 A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection. Cyclosporins N0000007903 3009 Cyclosporines C0010594 C26166 Cyclosporins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007905 4-Hydroxycoumarins M0023241 D015110 Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants. 4-Hydroxycoumarins N0000007905 82 C0000506 C26170 4-Hydroxycoumarins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007911 Rifamycins M0019113 D012294 A group of ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS characterized by a chromophoric naphthohydroquinone group spanned by an aliphatic bridge not previously found in other known ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS. They have been isolated from fermentation broths of Streptomyces mediterranei. Rifamycins N0000007911 9385 Rifamycins Rifomycins C0035609 C26184 Rifamycins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007912 Elements M0007227 D004602 Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons. Elements N0000007912 3802 C0013879 C26186 Elements [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007916 Cytidine M0005567 D003562 A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE. Cytidine N0000007916 3042 Cytosine Ribonucleoside Cytosine Riboside C0010715 C26194 Cytidine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007917 Dihydroxyphenylalanine M0006754 D004295 A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific. Dihydroxyphenylalanine N0000007917 3627 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine 3-Hydroxy-DL-tyrosine DL-Tyrosine, 3-hydroxy- Dopa beta-Hydroxytyrosine C0013023 C26196 Dihydroxyphenylalanine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007920 Immunoglobulins M0011122 D007136 Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses. Immunoglobulins N0000007920 5720 Immunoglobulins Globulins, Immune Immune Globulins Immunoglobulin C0021027 C26202 Immunoglobulins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007921 Blood Proteins M0002710 D001798 Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins. Blood Proteins N0000007921 1653 C0005832 C26204 Blood Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007927 Piperazines M0016884 D010879 Piperazines N0000007927 8341 C0031958 C26216 Piperazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007929 Piperidines M0016885 D010880 A family of hexahydropyridines. Piperidines N0000007929 8343 C0031960 C26220 Piperidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007930 Piperidones M0016886 D010881 Piperidones N0000007930 8344 C0031961 C26222 Piperidones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007932 Cytosine M0005618 D003596 A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. Cytosine N0000007932 3083 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino- C0010843 C26226 Cytosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007940 Terpenes M0021183 D013729 A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES. Terpenes N0000007940 10372 Terpenoids C0039561 C26242 Terpenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007944 Indans M0011206 D007189 Aryl CYCLOPENTANES that are a reduced (protonated) form of INDENES. Indans N0000007944 5763 C0021184 C26250 Indans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007947 Indenes M0011209 D007192 A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins. Indenes N0000007947 5766 C0021188 C26258 Indenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007952 Tetrahydronaphthalenes M0021234 D013764 Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds. Tetrahydronaphthalenes N0000007952 10408 Tetralins C0039673 C26268 Tetrahydronaphthalenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007953 Uracil M0022302 D014498 Uracil N0000007953 10995 Uracil 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione C0041917 C26270 Uracil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007956 Recombinant Proteins M0018641 D011994 Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant Proteins N0000007956 9218 Biosynthetic Proteins Proteins, Biosynthetic C0034861 C26276 Recombinant Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007957 Tetrazoles M0021253 D013777 Tetrazoles N0000007957 10423 C0039703 C26278 Tetrazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007959 Nebramycin M0014531 D009328 A complex of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. Nebramycin N0000007959 7277 C0027521 C26282 Nebramycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007960 Isoquinolines M0011785 D007546 A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Isoquinolines N0000007960 6056 C0022248 C26284 Isoquinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007962 Dibenzazepines M0006249 D003984 Compounds with two BENZENE rings fused to AZEPINES. Dibenzazepines N0000007962 3331 C0012029 C26288 Dibenzazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007964 Dibenzocycloheptenes M0006250 D003986 A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC). Dibenzocycloheptenes N0000007964 3333 C0012032 C26292 Dibenzocycloheptenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007968 Isoxazoles M0011807 D007555 Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions. Isoxazoles N0000007968 6065 1-Oxa-2-azacyclopentadiene C0022266 C26300 Isoxazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007970 Hydantoins M0010672 D006827 Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS. Hydantoins N0000007970 5469 Imidazolidine-2,4-Diones C0020209 C26304 Hydantoins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007971 Dicarboxylic Acids M0006263 D003998 Dicarboxylic Acids N0000007971 3346 C0012063 C26306 Dicarboxylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007973 Hydrocarbons M0010687 D006838 Hydrocarbons N0000007973 5476 C0020242 C26310 Hydrocarbons [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007977 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated M0010696 D006846 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated N0000007977 5484 Halogenated Hydrocarbons C0020250 C26318 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007981 Hydroxamic Acids M0010739 D006877 A class of weak acids with the general formula R-CONHOH. Hydroxamic Acids N0000007981 5512 Hydroxamic Acid C0020314 C26326 Hydroxamic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007983 Hydroxy Acids M0010745 D006880 Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals. Hydroxy Acids N0000007983 5515 C0020317 C26330 Hydroxy Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007984 Hydroxybenzoic Acids M0010748 D006883 Benzoic acid substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring. Hydroxybenzoic Acids N0000007984 5518 C0020327 C26332 Hydroxybenzoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007990 Arabinonucleosides M0001642 D001087 Nucleosides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety. Arabinonucleosides N0000007990 1069 Arabinofuranosylnucleosides C0003680 C26344 Arabinonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000007999 Camptothecin M0003242 D002166 An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity. Camptothecin N0000007999 1953 1H-Pyrano(3',4':6,7)indolizino(1,2-b)quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione, 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-, (S)- Camptothecine C0006812 C26362 Camptothecin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008001 Pregnadienes M0017468 D011245 Pregnane derivatives containing two double bonds anywhere within the ring structures. Pregnadienes N0000008001 8642 C0032959 C26366 Pregnadienes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008002 Pregnadienetriols M0017469 D011246 Doubly unsaturated pregnane derivatives substituted with three hydroxy groups anywhere within the ring structure or side chains. Pregnadienetriols N0000008002 8643 Trihydroxypregnadienes C0032960 C26368 Pregnadienetriols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008011 Ethylamines M0007897 D005021 Ethylamines N0000008011 4146 C0015069 C26386 Ethylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008012 Androstadienes M0001108 D000730 Derivatives of the steroid androstane having two double bonds at any site in any of the rings. Androstadienes N0000008012 779 C0002852 C26388 Androstadienes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008014 Ethylene Glycols M0007901 D005026 An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze. Ethylene Glycols N0000008014 4155 Dihydroxyethanes Ethanediols C0015086 C26392 Ethylene Glycols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008016 Barbiturates M0002177 D001463 A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS. Barbiturates N0000008016 1326 C0004745 C26396 Barbiturates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008017 Androstenes M0001114 D000736 Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings. Androstenes N0000008017 785 C0002862 C26398 Androstenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008018 Ethylenediamines M0007904 D005029 Ethylenediamines N0000008018 4159 C0015093 C26400 Ethylenediamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008020 Tosyl Compounds M0021712 D014105 Tosyl Compounds N0000008020 10656 Toluenesulfonyl Compounds C0040493 C26404 Tosyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008024 Pregnenediones M0017514 D011282 Unsaturated pregnane derivatives containing two keto groups on side chains or ring structures. Pregnenediones N0000008024 8665 Diketopregnenes Dioxopregnenes C0033013 C26412 Pregnenediones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008025 Pregnenes M0017515 D011283 Unsaturated derivatives of PREGNANES. Pregnenes N0000008025 8666 C0033014 C26414 Pregnenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008029 Sugar Alcohols M0020728 D013402 Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed) Sugar Alcohols N0000008029 10163 Alcohols, Sugar Alditols C0038654 C26422 Sugar Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008032 Pteridines M0018072 D011621 Compounds based on pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is a pyrimidine fused to a pyrazine, containing four NITROGEN atoms. Pteridines N0000008032 8929 Pyrazinopyrimidines C0033991 C26428 Pteridines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008033 Pterins M0018073 D011622 Compounds based on 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine. Pterins N0000008033 8930 C0033992 C26430 Pterins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008038 Guanidines M0009678 D006146 A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties. Guanidines N0000008038 5038 C0018320 C26440 Guanidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008039 Guanine M0009679 D006147 Guanine N0000008039 5039 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro- C0018321 C26442 Guanine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008041 Sulfhydryl Compounds M0020768 D013438 Compounds containing the -SH radical. Sulfhydryl Compounds N0000008041 10200 Mercaptans Mercapto Compounds Thiols C0038734 C26446 Sulfhydryl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008043 Dideoxynucleosides M0023387 D015224 Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcription. Dideoxynucleosides N0000008043 3365 ddNus C0012136 C26450 Dideoxynucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008048 Sulfonamides M0020790 D013449 A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa drugs, are derivatives of sulfanilamide, which competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and are bacteriostatic. They have been largely supplanted by more effective and less toxic antibiotics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Sulfonamides N0000008048 10215 C0038760 C26460 Sulfonamides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008052 Indoles M0011238 D007211 Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring. Indoles N0000008052 5779 C0021242 C26468 Indoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008053 Sulfones M0020791 D013450 Sulfones N0000008053 10216 C0038761 C26470 Sulfones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008055 Sulfoxides M0020796 D013454 Organic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans (analogous to the ketones). (From Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 4th ed) Sulfoxides N0000008055 10222 C0038771 C26474 Sulfoxides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008058 Cinchona Alkaloids M0004487 D002930 Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona. Cinchona Alkaloids N0000008058 2545 C0008792 C26480 Cinchona Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008061 Purine Nucleosides M0018166 D011684 Purines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PURINE NUCLEOTIDES. Purine Nucleosides N0000008061 8950 C0034136 C26486 Purine Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008062 Purine Nucleotides M0018167 D011685 Purines attached to a RIBOSE and a phosphate that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA. Purine Nucleotides N0000008062 8951 C0034137 C26488 Purine Nucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008065 Purines M0018169 D011687 A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism. Purines N0000008065 8952 C0034140 C26494 Purines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008073 Morpholines M0014072 D009025 Morpholines N0000008073 7058 Tetrahydro-1,4-Oxazines C0026561 C26510 Morpholines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008080 Heptanoic Acids M0010246 D006538 7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. Heptanoic Acids N0000008080 5257 C0019227 C26524 Heptanoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008085 Thiazines M0021332 D013843 Thiazines N0000008085 10467 C0039858 C26534 Thiazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008087 Thiazoles M0021333 D013844 Thiazoles N0000008087 10468 C0039859 C26538 Thiazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008090 Inosine M0011366 D007288 A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) Inosine N0000008090 5826 C0021528 C26544 Inosine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008095 Heterocyclic Compounds M0010290 D006571 Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Heterocyclic Compounds N0000008095 5283 C0019398 C26554 Heterocyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008096 Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring M0010294 D006575 A class of organic compounds containing three ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring N0000008096 5286 Heterocyclic Cpds, 3 Ring C0019401 C26556 Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008098 Metals, Heavy M0028622 D019216 Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Metals, Heavy N0000008098 101909 Heavy Metals C0347988 C26560 Metals, Heavy [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008099 Thiomalates M0021360 D013870 Thiomalates N0000008099 10489 C0039914 C26562 Thiomalates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008103 Thiophenes M0021371 D013876 Thiophenes N0000008103 10496 C0039931 C26570 Thiophenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008106 Thiouracil M0021385 D013889 Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis. Thiouracil N0000008106 10512 4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo- C0039957 C26576 Thiouracil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008109 Ketones M0011995 D007659 Ketones N0000008109 6141 C0022634 C26582 Ketones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008111 Ketoses M0011999 D007661 Ketoses N0000008111 6143 Keto Sugars C0022637 C26586 Ketoses [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008112 Propanols M0029710 D020005 Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH). Propanols N0000008112 62221 Alcohols, Propyl C0175804 C26588 Propanols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008113 Acetamides M0000113 D000081 Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis. Acetamides N0000008113 160 C0000968 C26590 Acetamides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008114 Acetic Acids M0000132 D000088 Acetic acid and its derivatives which may be formed by substitution reactions. Mono- and di-substituted, as well as halogenated compounds have been synthesized. Acetic Acids N0000008114 169 C0000985 C26592 Acetic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008123 Neuropeptides M0014748 D009479 Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells. Neuropeptides N0000008123 7368 Neuropeptide C0027895 C26610 Neuropeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008124 Carbamates M0003327 D002219 Salts or esters of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH, or of N-substituted carbamic acids: R2NC(=O)OR', (R' = hydrocarbyl or a cation). The esters are often called URETHANE or urethan, a usage that is strictly correct only for the ethyl esters. (From IUPAC [Internet]. International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry; c1995 [updated 2004 Jan 9; cited 2004 May 3]. Available from http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/class/oneN.html#35/). Carbamates N0000008124 2001 C0006948 C26612 Carbamates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008131 Arylsulfonates M0001775 D001190 Organic sulfonic acid esters or salts which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. Arylsulfonates N0000008131 1135 Aryl Sulfonates C0003928 C26626 Arylsulfonates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008134 Alkenes M0000718 D000475 Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408) Alkenes N0000008134 500 Olefins C0002068 C26632 Alkenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008137 Carboxylic Acids M0003405 D002264 Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. Carboxylic Acids N0000008137 2060 C0007066 C26638 Carboxylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008139 Benzocycloheptenes M0002354 D001567 Benzocycloheptenes N0000008139 1400 C0005061 C26642 Benzocycloheptenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008141 Pyrans M0018220 D011714 Pyrans N0000008141 8983 C0034234 C26646 Pyrans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008142 Coumarins M0005258 D003374 Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid. The various coumarins have a wide range of proposed actions and uses including as ANTICOAGULANTS, pharmaceutical aids, indicators and reagents, photoreactive substances, and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Coumarins N0000008142 2899 1,2-Benzo-Pyrones 1,2-Benzopyrones Benzopyran-2-ones Coumarines C0010207 C26648 Coumarins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008143 Benzylidene Compounds M0002394 D001597 Compounds containing the PhCH= radical. Benzylidene Compounds N0000008143 1432 C0005107 C26650 Benzylidene Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008145 Pyridazines M0018232 D011724 Pyridazines N0000008145 8993 C0034250 C26654 Pyridazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008147 Pyrimidine Nucleosides M0018258 D011741 Pyrimidines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES. Pyrimidine Nucleosides N0000008147 9013 C0034287 C26658 Pyrimidine Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008149 Bridged Compounds M0002922 D001952 Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms. Bridged Compounds N0000008149 1740 C0006174 C26662 Bridged Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008150 Valerates M0022494 D014631 Valerates N0000008150 596715 Pentanoates C0042280 C26664 Valerates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008153 Mustard Compounds M0014270 D009150 Strong alkylating and immunosuppressive agents whose biological activity is based on the presence of bis(2-chloroethyl)- groups. Although otherwise structurally diverse, the compounds have in common the capacity to contribute alkyl groups to DNA. They are generally highly toxic but include among their number many widely used and effective antineoplastic agents. Mustard Compounds N0000008153 7115 C0026873 C26670 Mustard Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008154 Interferons M0011491 D007372 Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. Interferons N0000008154 5886 Interferon C0021747 C26672 Interferons [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008156 Phosphorus Compounds M0026614 D017553 Inorganic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Phosphorus Compounds N0000008156 67164 C0206756 C26676 Phosphorus Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008159 Nitro Compounds M0014885 D009574 Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES. Nitro Compounds N0000008159 7447 C0028138 C26682 Nitro Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008164 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic M0017164 D011084 A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96) Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic N0000008164 8504 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons C0032458 C26692 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008166 Nitric Acid M0027104 D017942 Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Nitric Acid N0000008166 31835 Nitric acid C0068808 C26696 Nitric Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008167 Amidines M0000898 D000578 Amidines N0000008167 634 C0002483 C26698 Amidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008168 Amines M0000913 D000588 A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Amines N0000008168 823705 C0002508 C26700 Amines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008171 Bicyclo Compounds M0002469 D001643 Bicyclo Compounds N0000008171 1530 C0005378 C26706 Bicyclo Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008174 Prostaglandins, Synthetic M0017821 D011465 Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis that are analogs or derivatives of naturally occurring prostaglandins and that have similar activity. Prostaglandins, Synthetic N0000008174 8815 PG Analogs Prostaglandin Analogs Prostaglandin Analogues Synthetic Prostaglandins C0033568 C26712 Prostaglandins, Synthetic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008175 Fatty Acids, Essential M0008268 D005228 Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS. Fatty Acids, Essential N0000008175 4298 C0015686 C26714 Fatty Acids, Essential [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008176 Fatty Acids, Volatile M0008273 D005232 Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans. Fatty Acids, Volatile N0000008176 4303 Fatty Acids, Short-Chain C0015691 C26716 Fatty Acids, Volatile [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008178 Phosphonic Acids M0016684 D010745 Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphonic acid with the general formula ROP(OH)2 or RP(=O)(OH)2. The tautomeric form of this compound (P(OH)3) is PHOSPHOROUS ACIDS. Nucleoside phosphonates have a phosphate-carbon bond that is more resistant to enzymatic cleavage than the normal phosphate-oxygen bond. Phosphonic Acids N0000008178 8248 C0031679 C26720 Phosphonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008181 Quinones M0018356 D011809 Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. Quinones N0000008181 9083 C0034435 C26726 Quinones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008182 Biomedical and Dental Materials M0002544 D001697 Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. Biomedical and Dental Materials N0000008182 1580 C0005538 C26728 Biomedical and Dental Materials [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008183 Hypoxanthines M0010953 D007042 Purine bases related to hypoxanthine, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis and a breakdown product of adenine catabolism. Hypoxanthines N0000008183 5625 C0020691 C26730 Hypoxanthines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008186 Phthalic Acids M0016768 D010795 A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed) Phthalic Acids N0000008186 8289 C0031782 C26736 Phthalic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008189 Imides M0011049 D007094 Imides N0000008189 5685 C0020926 C26742 Imides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008190 Imines M0011054 D007097 Imines N0000008190 5688 C0020930 C26744 Imines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008195 Iodobenzoates M0011655 D007463 Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms. Iodobenzoates N0000008195 5941 C0021976 C26754 Iodobenzoates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008197 Ions M0011678 D007477 An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS. Ions N0000008197 5964 C0022023 C26758 Ions [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008200 Naphthacenes M0014457 D009279 Polyacenes with four ortho-fused benzene rings in a straight linear arrangement. This group is best known for the subclass called TETRACYCLINES. Naphthacenes N0000008200 7248 Benz(b)Anthracenes Tetracenes C0027374 C26764 Naphthacenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008201 Ethers M0007828 D004987 Ethers N0000008201 4121 C0014996 C26766 Ethers [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008203 Nitroso Compounds M0014921 D009603 Nitroso Compounds N0000008203 7481 C0028199 C26770 Nitroso Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008211 Aminobutyric Acids M0000940 D000613 Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in most living things. The best known is GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. Aminobutyric Acids N0000008211 674 C0002545 C26786 Aminobutyric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008212 Butyric Acids M0003111 D002088 4-carbon acids, salts, and derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Butyric Acids N0000008212 1854 Butanoic Acids C0006523 C26788 Butyric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008216 Diterpenes M0006609 D004224 Twenty-carbon compounds derived from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate. Diterpenes N0000008216 3557 Diterpenoids C0012780 C26796 Diterpenes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008217 Azoles M0002083 D001393 Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom. Azoles N0000008217 1269 C0004504 C26798 Azoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008218 Glycols M0009479 D006018 A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights. Glycols N0000008218 4943 C0017951 C26800 Glycols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008219 Toluene M0021638 D014050 A widely used industrial solvent. Toluene N0000008219 10640 Benzene, methyl- C0040383 C26802 Toluene [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008223 Immunoproteins M0011167 D007162 Blood proteins whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system. Immunoproteins N0000008223 5744 C0021072 C26810 Immunoproteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008224 Diamines M0006204 D003959 Organic chemicals which have two amino groups in an aliphatic chain. Diamines N0000008224 3313 C0011957 C26812 Diamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008226 Malates M0012916 D008293 Malates N0000008226 6605 C0024546 C26816 Malates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008227 Hydrocarbons, Acyclic M0010688 D006839 Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen where no carbon atoms join to form a ring structure. Hydrocarbons, Acyclic N0000008227 5477 Acyclic Hydrocarbons C0020243 C26818 Hydrocarbons, Acyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008228 Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic M0010689 D006840 Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. Three or more carbon atoms are arranged in a cyclic structure and they possess aliphatic properties. Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic N0000008228 5478 Alicyclic Hydrocarbons C0020244 C26820 Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008229 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic M0010690 D006841 Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings. Hydrocarbons, Aromatic N0000008229 5479 Aromatic Hydrocarbons C0020245 C26822 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008235 Nucleosides M0015066 D009705 Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Nucleosides N0000008235 7578 C0028621 C26834 Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008236 Nucleotides M0015075 D009711 The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Nucleotides N0000008236 7584 C0028630 C26836 Nucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008237 Metals M0013515 D008670 Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Metals N0000008237 6797 C0025552 C26838 Metals [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008238 Hydroxylamines M0010767 D006898 Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical. Hydroxylamines N0000008238 5535 C0020363 C26840 Hydroxylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008239 Arachidonic Acids M0001649 D001095 Arachidonic Acids N0000008239 1077 C0003701 C26842 Arachidonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008241 Androstanes M0001109 D000731 The family of steroids from which the androgens are derived. Androstanes N0000008241 780 C0002854 C26846 Androstanes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008242 Pregnanes M0017507 D011278 Saturated derivatives of the steroid pregnane. The 5-beta series includes PROGESTERONE and related hormones; the 5-alpha series includes forms generally excreted in the urine. Pregnanes N0000008242 8661 C0033006 C26848 Pregnanes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008244 Serum Globulins M0019698 D012712 All blood proteins except albumin ( = SERUM ALBUMIN, which is not a globulin) and FIBRINOGEN (which is not in the serum). The serum globulins are subdivided into ALPHA-GLOBULINS; BETA-GLOBULINS; and GAMMA-GLOBULINS on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Serum Globulins N0000008244 9701 C0036800 C26852 Serum Globulins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008245 Sulfonic Acids M0020792 D013451 Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical. Sulfonic Acids N0000008245 10217 C0038762 C26854 Sulfonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008248 Sulfur Acids M0020798 D013456 Inorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule. Sulfur Acids N0000008248 10224 C0038775 C26860 Sulfur Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008249 Sulfur Compounds M0020800 D013457 Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule. Sulfur Compounds N0000008249 10225 C0038776 C26862 Sulfur Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008250 Monosaccharides M0014043 D009005 Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Monosaccharides N0000008250 7044 C0026492 C26864 Monosaccharides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008251 Purinones M0018170 D011688 Purinones N0000008251 8953 Oxopurines C0034142 C26866 Purinones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008253 Boron Compounds M0002832 D001896 Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule. Boron Compounds N0000008253 1706 C0006031 C26870 Boron Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008257 Inorganic Chemicals M0011365 D007287 A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class. Inorganic Chemicals N0000008257 5824 C0021521 C26878 Inorganic Chemicals [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008258 Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring M0010291 D006572 A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms. Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring N0000008258 5288 Bridged-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds C0019403 C26880 Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008259 Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring M0010292 D006573 A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring N0000008259 5284 Heterocyclic Cpds, 1-Ring C0019399 C26882 Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008260 Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring M0010293 D006574 A class of organic compounds containing two ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring N0000008260 5285 C0019400 C26884 Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008261 Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings M0010295 D006576 A class of organic compounds containing four or more ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings N0000008261 5287 Heterocyclic Cpds, 4 or More Rings C0019402 C26886 Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008263 Nerve Tissue Proteins M0014664 D009419 Nerve Tissue Proteins N0000008263 7331 C0027759 C26892 Nerve Tissue Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008268 Hexanols M0000666 D000441 Isomeric forms and derivatives of hexanol (C6H11OH). Hexanols N0000008268 458 Alcohols, Hexyl Hydroxyhexanes C0001978 C26902 Hexanols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008271 Eicosanoids M0024172 D015777 A class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (EICOSANOIC ACIDS) that includes PROSTAGLANDINS; LEUKOTRIENES; THROMBOXANES, and HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS. They have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (RECEPTORS, EICOSANOID). Eicosanoids N0000008271 3773 Icosanoids C0013725 C26908 Eicosanoids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008272 Electrolytes M0007189 D004573 Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Electrolytes N0000008272 3793 C0013832 C26910 Electrolytes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008280 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic M0010694 D006844 Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen forming a closed ring that may be either alicyclic or aromatic. Hydrocarbons, Cyclic N0000008280 5482 Cyclic Hydrocarbons C0020248 C26926 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008282 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides M0015067 D009706 Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges). Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides N0000008282 7579 C0028622 C26930 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008283 Arylsulfonic Acids M0026806 D017739 Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. Arylsulfonic Acids N0000008283 67027 C0206192 C26932 Arylsulfonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008286 Membrane Proteins M0013341 D008565 Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors. Membrane Proteins N0000008286 6725 Membrane Protein Membrane-Associated Proteins Surface Proteins C0025252 C26938 Membrane Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000008288 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors N0000008288 993136 COX-2 Inhibitors Cyclooxygenase II Inhibitors C2757001 C26942 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000008290 Acetylcholine Activity Alteration N0000008290 988978 C1371273 C26946 Acetylcholine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008291 Adrenal Cortical Activity Alteration N0000008291 985815 C1371274 C26948 Adrenal Cortical Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008298 Arterial Vasoconstriction N0000008298 986283 C1371490 C26962 Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008299 Arterial Vasodilation N0000008299 984618 C1371278 C26964 Arterial Vasodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008303 Atrial Repolarization N0000008303 1032452 C1371280 C26972 Atrial Repolarization [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008307 Blood & Lymphatic Fluid Function Alteration N0000008307 988284 C1371289 C26980 Blood & Lymphatic Fluid Function Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008308 Bone Alteration N0000008308 985816 C1371288 C26982 Bone Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008312 Bone Resorption Alteration N0000008312 989245 C1371284 C26990 Bone Resorption Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008313 Bone Resorption Inhibition N0000008313 985477 C1371283 C26992 Bone Resorption Inhibition [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008320 Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration N0000008320 988934 C1371300 C27006 Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008322 Bronchodilation N0000008322 1034280 C1371299 C27010 Bronchodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008327 Carbohydrate Metabolism Alteration N0000008327 1033881 C1371294 C27020 Carbohydrate Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008328 Cardiac Contractility Alteration N0000008328 986415 C1371293 C27022 Cardiac Contractility Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008329 Cardiac Rate Alteration N0000008329 985479 C2825066 C27024 Cardiac Rate Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008330 Cardiac Rhythm Alteration N0000008330 988420 C1371292 C27026 Cardiac Rhythm Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008331 Cardiovascular Activity Alteration N0000008331 988145 C1371291 C27028 Cardiovascular Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008333 Cell Glucose Transport Alteration N0000008333 985190 C1371486 C27032 Cell Glucose Transport Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008334 Cell Membrane Alteration N0000008334 1031394 C0544958 C27034 Cell Membrane Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008336 Cell Wall Alteration N0000008336 989278 C1371484 C27038 Cell Wall Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008337 Cellular Activity Alteration N0000008337 985006 C1371483 C27040 Cellular Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008339 Cellular Cycle Alteration N0000008339 990947 C1371481 C27044 Cellular Cycle Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008340 Cellular Death Alteration N0000008340 985191 C1371480 C27046 Cellular Death Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008341 Cellular Degradation/Digestion Alteration N0000008341 990545 C1371479 C27048 Cellular Degradation/Digestion Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008342 Cellular Division Phase Alteration N0000008342 985659 C1371478 C27050 Cellular Division Phase Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008343 Cellular Growth Phase Alteration N0000008343 987428 C1371477 C27052 Cellular Growth Phase Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008344 Cellular Growth Phase Arrest N0000008344 986074 C1371476 C27054 Cellular Growth Phase Arrest [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008345 Cellular Motion Alteration N0000008345 988013 C1371475 C27056 Cellular Motion Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008346 Cellular Structure Alteration N0000008346 990421 C1371474 C27058 Cellular Structure Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008347 Cellular Synthetic Activity Alteration N0000008347 989470 C1371473 C27060 Cellular Synthetic Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008348 Cellular Synthetic Phase Alteration N0000008348 985868 C1371314 C27062 Cellular Synthetic Phase Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008349 Cellular Synthetic Phase Arrest N0000008349 987568 C1371313 C27064 Cellular Synthetic Phase Arrest [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008350 Cellular Transport Alteration N0000008350 985278 C1371312 C27066 Cellular Transport Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008351 Cerebral Arterial Vasoconstriction N0000008351 990151 C1371311 C27068 Cerebral Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008353 Cervical Dilation Alteration N0000008353 984821 C1371309 C27072 Cervical Dilation Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008354 Cervical Function Alteration N0000008354 1027593 C1371308 C27074 Cervical Function Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008360 Cholesterol Metabolism Alteration N0000008360 988014 C1371469 C27086 Cholesterol Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008361 Cholesterol Synthesis Alteration N0000008361 988147 C1371468 C27088 Cholesterol Synthesis Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008362 Coagulation Factor Activity Alteration N0000008362 985279 C1371467 C27090 Coagulation Factor Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008363 Coagulation Factor Alteration N0000008363 1027093 C1371466 C27092 Coagulation Factor Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008375 Coronary Arterial Vasodilation N0000008375 990108 C1371463 C27116 Coronary Arterial Vasodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008379 DNA Integrity Alteration N0000008379 984969 C1371459 C27124 DNA Integrity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008380 DNA Replication Alteration N0000008380 985410 C1371458 C27126 DNA Replication Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008384 Decreased Adhesion Factor Activity N0000008384 989982 C1371329 C27134 Decreased Adhesion Factor Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008423 Decreased Bradykinin Degradation N0000008423 989574 C1371406 C27212 Decreased Bradykinin Degradation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008445 Decreased Brain Stem Organized Electrical Activity N0000008445 986371 C1371384 C27256 Decreased Brain Stem Organized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008447 Decreased Brain Stem Substance P Activity N0000008447 990316 C1371382 C27260 Decreased Brain Stem Substance P Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008476 Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity N0000008476 989770 C1371353 C27318 Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008477 Decreased Cell Membrane Synthesis & Repair N0000008477 989287 C1371352 C27320 Decreased Cell Membrane Synthesis & Repair [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008478 Decreased Cell Wall Integrity N0000008478 985663 C1371351 C27322 Decreased Cell Wall Integrity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008479 Decreased Cell Wall Synthesis & Repair N0000008479 989288 C1371350 C27324 Decreased Cell Wall Synthesis & Repair [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008486 Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity N0000008486 990318 C1371343 C27338 Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008494 Decreased Central Nervous System Glutamate Activity N0000008494 988724 C1371435 C27354 Decreased Central Nervous System Glutamate Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008501 Decreased Central Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity N0000008501 987431 C1371428 C27368 Decreased Central Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008503 Decreased Central Nervous System Substance P Activity N0000008503 984622 C1371426 C27372 Decreased Central Nervous System Substance P Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008555 Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis N0000008555 987433 C1371532 C27476 Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008568 Decreased Complement Activity N0000008568 990113 C1371545 C27502 Decreased Complement Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008570 Decreased Complement Production N0000008570 984976 C1371547 C27506 Decreased Complement Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008571 Decreased Cytokine Activity N0000008571 989703 C1371548 C27508 Decreased Cytokine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008573 Decreased Cytokine Production N0000008573 984977 C1371550 C27512 Decreased Cytokine Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008576 Decreased DNA Integrity N0000008576 990547 C1371553 C27518 Decreased DNA Integrity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008577 Decreased DNA Replication N0000008577 989476 C1371554 C27520 Decreased DNA Replication [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008578 Decreased Disorganized Electrical Activity N0000008578 986372 C1371555 C27522 Decreased Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008588 Decreased Dopamine Activity N0000008588 988292 C1371565 C27542 Decreased Dopamine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008590 Decreased Eicosanoid Activity N0000008590 984625 C1371567 C27546 Decreased Eicosanoid Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008592 Decreased Eicosanoid Production N0000008592 986162 C1371569 C27550 Decreased Eicosanoid Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008620 Decreased Enteric Nervous System Serotonin Activity N0000008620 989990 C1371630 C27606 Decreased Enteric Nervous System Serotonin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008645 Decreased Glucocorticoid Secretion N0000008645 988098 C1371655 C27656 Decreased Glucocorticoid Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008646 Decreased Gluconeogenesis N0000008646 984462 C1371656 C27658 Decreased Gluconeogenesis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008648 Decreased Glutamate Activity N0000008648 986374 C1371658 C27662 Decreased Glutamate Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008650 Decreased Glycogenesis N0000008650 988432 C1371660 C27666 Decreased Glycogenesis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008656 Decreased Hematopoiesis N0000008656 989826 C2825067 C27678 Decreased Hematopoiesis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008657 Decreased Histamine Activity N0000008657 990635 C1371666 C27680 Decreased Histamine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008660 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity N0000008660 986941 C1371669 C27686 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008661 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Degradation N0000008661 986196 C1371670 C27688 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Degradation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008663 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity N0000008663 988758 C1371672 C27692 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008664 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation N0000008664 986197 C1371673 C27694 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008665 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Production N0000008665 987036 C1371674 C27696 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008669 Decreased Intravascular Volume N0000008669 988730 C1371678 C27704 Decreased Intravascular Volume [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008670 Decreased Iodine Organification N0000008670 987435 C1371679 C27706 Decreased Iodine Organification [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008675 Decreased Kinin Activity N0000008675 986942 C1371683 C27716 Decreased Kinin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008676 Decreased Kinin Degradation N0000008676 987233 C1371684 C27718 Decreased Kinin Degradation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008681 Decreased Leukotriene Activity N0000008681 987436 C1371689 C27728 Decreased Leukotriene Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008684 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity N0000008684 988099 C1371692 C27734 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008686 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Production N0000008686 984433 C1371694 C27738 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008699 Decreased Lymphocyte Cell Production N0000008699 990429 C1371707 C27764 Decreased Lymphocyte Cell Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008700 Decreased Lysosomal Function N0000008700 989775 C1371708 C27766 Decreased Lysosomal Function [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008731 Decreased Mineralocorticoid Secretion N0000008731 985529 C1371739 C27828 Decreased Mineralocorticoid Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008732 Decreased Mitosis N0000008732 985016 C1371740 C27830 Decreased Mitosis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008759 Decreased Myeloid Cell Production N0000008759 984684 C1371767 C27884 Decreased Myeloid Cell Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008764 Decreased Norepinephrine Activity N0000008764 989127 C2267200 C27894 Decreased Norepinephrine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008768 Decreased Organized Electrical Activity N0000008768 987290 C1371776 C27902 Decreased Organized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008769 Decreased Ovarian Estrogen Secretion N0000008769 985018 C1371777 C27904 Decreased Ovarian Estrogen Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008821 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity N0000008821 989609 C1371829 C28008 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008822 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Serotonin Activity N0000008822 989610 C1371830 C28010 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Serotonin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008826 Decreased Phagocytosis N0000008826 985284 C1371834 C28018 Decreased Phagocytosis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008832 Decreased Platelet Aggregation N0000008832 989580 C0855739 C28030 Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008834 Decreased Prostaglandin Activity N0000008834 984465 C1371841 C28034 Decreased Prostaglandin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008836 Decreased Prostaglandin Production N0000008836 987922 C1371843 C28038 Decreased Prostaglandin Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008839 Decreased Protein Breakdown N0000008839 984986 C1371846 C28044 Decreased Protein Breakdown [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008840 Decreased Protein Modification N0000008840 990166 C1371847 C28046 Decreased Protein Modification [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008841 Decreased Protein Synthesis N0000008841 987293 C1371848 C28048 Decreased Protein Synthesis [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008852 Decreased RNA Integrity N0000008852 988443 C1371859 C28070 Decreased RNA Integrity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008853 Decreased RNA Replication N0000008853 985312 C1371860 C28072 Decreased RNA Replication [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008858 Decreased Renal Ion Excretion N0000008858 988472 C1371865 C28082 Decreased Renal Ion Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008859 Decreased Renal K+ Excretion N0000008859 987923 C1371866 C28084 Decreased Renal K+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008869 Decreased Reverse Transcription to DNA N0000008869 988941 C1371876 C28104 Decreased Reverse Transcription to DNA [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008889 Decreased Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity N0000008889 990252 C1371896 C28144 Decreased Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008893 Decreased Serotonin Activity N0000008893 990122 C1371900 C28152 Decreased Serotonin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008894 Decreased Serotonin Degradation N0000008894 989582 C1371901 C28154 Decreased Serotonin Degradation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008953 Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction N0000008953 987443 C1371959 C28272 Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008973 Decreased Substance P Activity N0000008973 987042 C1371979 C28312 Decreased Substance P Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000008998 Decreased T Lymphocyte Production N0000008998 986572 C1372004 C28362 Decreased T Lymphocyte Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009002 Decreased Testosterone Secretion N0000009002 988479 C1372008 C28370 Decreased Testosterone Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009004 Decreased Thromboxane Activity N0000009004 986734 C1372010 C28374 Decreased Thromboxane Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009006 Decreased Thromboxane Production N0000009006 987590 C1372012 C28378 Decreased Thromboxane Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009007 Decreased Thyroid Hormone Iodination N0000009007 990124 C1372013 C28380 Decreased Thyroid Hormone Iodination [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009019 Decreased Ventilatory Gas Flow N0000009019 985118 C1372025 C28404 Decreased Ventilatory Gas Flow [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009020 Dermatologic Activity Alteration N0000009020 984838 C1372026 C28406 Dermatologic Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009022 Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration N0000009022 990045 C1372028 C28410 Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009024 Disorganized Electrical Activity Alteration N0000009024 987926 C1372030 C28414 Disorganized Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009025 Dopamine Activity Alteration N0000009025 986437 C1372031 C28416 Dopamine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009027 Electrical Activity Alteration N0000009027 985119 C1372033 C28420 Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009036 Endocrine Activity Alteration N0000009036 990694 C1372041 C28438 Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009044 Female Reproductive System Activity Alteration N0000009044 985744 C1372049 C28454 Female Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009053 Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Activity Alteration N0000009053 985029 C1372058 C28472 Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009054 Gastric Acid Alteration N0000009054 986779 C1372059 C28474 Gastric Acid Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009057 Generalized Systemic Effects N0000009057 990172 C1372062 C28480 Generalized Systemic Effects [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009061 Glucose Metabolism Alteration N0000009061 986438 C1382395 C28488 Glucose Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009062 Glutamate Activity Alteration N0000009062 986009 C1372066 C28490 Glutamate Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009064 Glycogen Metabolism Alteration N0000009064 988106 C1372068 C28494 Glycogen Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009065 Hematologic Activity Alteration N0000009065 986633 C1372069 C28496 Hematologic Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009066 Hematological Cell Destruction Alteration N0000009066 987239 C1372070 C28498 Hematological Cell Destruction Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009067 Hematological Cell Quantity Alteration N0000009067 989409 C1372071 C28500 Hematological Cell Quantity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009068 Hematopoiesis Alteration N0000009068 988943 C1372072 C28502 Hematopoiesis Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009069 Hemic/Lymphatic Activity Alteration N0000009069 990696 C1372073 C28504 Hemic/Lymphatic Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009070 Hemostasis Alteration N0000009070 989781 C1372074 C28506 Hemostasis Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009071 Histamine Activity Alteration N0000009071 989587 C1372075 C28508 Histamine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009072 Hypothalamic Endocrine Activity Alteration N0000009072 989001 C1372076 C28510 Hypothalamic Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009073 Immunologic Activity Alteration N0000009073 990814 C1372077 C28512 Immunologic Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009074 Immunologically Active Molecule Activity Alteration N0000009074 985286 C1372078 C28514 Immunologically Active Molecule Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009075 Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation Alteration N0000009075 989847 C1372079 C28516 Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009076 Immunologically Active Molecule Production Alteration N0000009076 989133 C1372080 C28518 Immunologically Active Molecule Production Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009079 Increased Acetylcholine Activity N0000009079 990467 C1372083 C28524 Increased Acetylcholine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009082 Increased Adhesion Factor Production N0000009082 990435 C1372086 C28530 Increased Adhesion Factor Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009142 Increased Brain Stem Serotonin Activity N0000009142 987892 C1372146 C28650 Increased Brain Stem Serotonin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009176 Increased Cellular Death N0000009176 988110 C1372180 C28718 Increased Cellular Death [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009178 Increased Central Nervous System Acetylcholine Activity N0000009178 988310 C1372182 C28722 Increased Central Nervous System Acetylcholine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009183 Increased Central Nervous System Dopamine Activity N0000009183 987895 C1372187 C28732 Increased Central Nervous System Dopamine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009196 Increased Central Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity N0000009196 990469 C1372200 C28758 Increased Central Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009198 Increased Central Nervous System Serotonin Activity N0000009198 984445 C1372202 C28762 Increased Central Nervous System Serotonin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009247 Increased Cervical Dilation N0000009247 984846 C1372251 C28860 Increased Cervical Dilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009252 Increased Coagulation Factor Activity N0000009252 985543 C1372256 C28870 Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009267 Increased Cytokine Activity N0000009267 984447 C1372271 C28900 Increased Cytokine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009269 Increased Cytokine Production N0000009269 986583 C1372273 C28904 Increased Cytokine Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009275 Increased Distal Tubule H+ Excretion N0000009275 989312 C1372279 C28916 Increased Distal Tubule H+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009277 Increased Distal Tubule K+ Excretion N0000009277 984847 C1372281 C28920 Increased Distal Tubule K+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009279 Increased Distal Tubule Na+ Excretion N0000009279 987639 C1372283 C28924 Increased Distal Tubule Na+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009282 Increased Dopamine Activity N0000009282 989313 C1372286 C28930 Increased Dopamine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009284 Increased Eicosanoid Activity N0000009284 988949 C1372288 C28934 Increased Eicosanoid Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009325 Increased GABA Activity N0000009325 989591 C1372329 C29016 Increased GABA Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009341 Increased Glucose Transport into Cells N0000009341 988953 C1372343 C29048 Increased Glucose Transport into Cells [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009349 Increased Hematological Cell Destruction N0000009349 985291 C1372350 C29064 Increased Hematological Cell Destruction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009354 Increased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity N0000009354 986022 C1372354 C29074 Increased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009357 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity N0000009357 989011 C1372357 C29080 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009359 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Production N0000009359 984906 C1372359 C29084 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009376 Increased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity N0000009376 987936 C1372375 C29118 Increased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009390 Increased Lymphocyte Cell Destruction N0000009390 985905 C1372389 C29146 Increased Lymphocyte Cell Destruction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009456 Increased Norepinephrine Activity N0000009456 985294 C1372455 C29278 Increased Norepinephrine Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009526 Increased Prostaglandin Activity N0000009526 987452 C1372524 C29418 Increased Prostaglandin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009531 Increased Protein Breakdown N0000009531 988785 C1372529 C29428 Increased Protein Breakdown [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009548 Increased Renal H+ Excretion N0000009548 989634 C1372546 C29462 Increased Renal H+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009550 Increased Renal Ion Excretion N0000009550 989861 C1372548 C29466 Increased Renal Ion Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009551 Increased Renal K+ Excretion N0000009551 986593 C1372549 C29468 Increased Renal K+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009553 Increased Renal Na+ Excretion N0000009553 986790 C1372551 C29472 Increased Renal Na+ Excretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009585 Increased Serotonin Activity N0000009585 985916 C1372583 C29536 Increased Serotonin Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009689 Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction N0000009689 990657 C1372687 C29744 Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009694 Increased Testosterone Secretion N0000009694 987255 C1372692 C29754 Increased Testosterone Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009724 Inhibition Gastric Acid Secretion N0000009724 1030557 C1372721 C29814 Inhibition Gastric Acid Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009732 Intravascular Volume Alteration N0000009732 987907 C1372729 C29830 Intravascular Volume Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009733 Iodine Organification Alteration N0000009733 984704 C1372730 C29832 Iodine Organification Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009739 Lipid Metabolism Alteration N0000009739 987514 C0548934 C29844 Lipid Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009741 Lysosomal Function Alteration N0000009741 988749 C1372737 C29848 Lysosomal Function Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009748 Metabolic Activity Alteration N0000009748 990190 C1372744 C29862 Metabolic Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009750 Mitosis Alteration N0000009750 988121 C1372746 C29866 Mitosis Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009755 Musculoskeletal Activity Alteration N0000009755 985711 C1372751 C29876 Musculoskeletal Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009756 Negative Chronotropy N0000009756 986396 C1372752 C29878 Negative Chronotropy [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009757 Negative Inotropy N0000009757 990886 C1372753 C29880 Negative Inotropy [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009759 Nervous System Activity Alteration N0000009759 987311 C2916815 C29884 Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009761 Neurotransmitter & Neuromuscular Transmitter Activity Alteration N0000009761 989639 C1372757 C29888 Neurotransmitter & Neuromuscular Transmitter Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009765 Norepinephrine Activity Alteration N0000009765 985713 C1372761 C29896 Norepinephrine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009766 Nucleic Acid Replication Alteration N0000009766 989424 C1372762 C29898 Nucleic Acid Replication Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009767 Nucleic Acid Transcription Alteration N0000009767 984912 C1372763 C29900 Nucleic Acid Transcription Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009770 Organ System Specific Effects N0000009770 985923 C1372766 C29906 Organ System Specific Effects [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009774 Organized Electrical Activity Alteration N0000009774 988792 C1372770 C29914 Organized Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009777 Ovarian Endocrine Activity Alteration N0000009777 985043 C1372773 C29920 Ovarian Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009779 Ovarian Function Alteration N0000009779 986398 C1372775 C29924 Ovarian Function Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009781 Ovulation Alteration N0000009781 990274 C1372777 C29928 Ovulation Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009798 Penile Venous Vasodilation N0000009798 988321 C1372794 C29962 Penile Venous Vasodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009800 Phagocytosis Alteration N0000009800 985352 C1372796 C29966 Phagocytosis Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009801 Photosensitizing Activity N0000009801 984179 C1372797 C29968 Photosensitizing Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009802 Physiological Effects N0000009802 984490 C1372798 C29970 Physiological Effects [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009805 Pituitary Gland Activity Alteration N0000009805 986891 C1372801 C29976 Pituitary Gland Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009807 Platelet Aggregation Alteration N0000009807 1030000 C1372803 C29980 Platelet Aggregation Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009810 Post Translation Protein Modification Alteration N0000009810 989327 C1372806 C29986 Post Translation Protein Modification Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009814 Protein Degradation Alteration N0000009814 985131 C1372810 C29994 Protein Degradation Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009821 RNA Integrity Alteration N0000009821 990659 C1372852 C30008 RNA Integrity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009822 RNA Replication Alteration N0000009822 985505 C1372853 C30010 RNA Replication Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009825 Renal Arterial Vasoconstriction N0000009825 989641 C1372856 C30016 Renal Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009826 Renal Arterial Vasodilation N0000009826 988963 C1372857 C30018 Renal Arterial Vasodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009830 Renal Ion Transport Alteration N0000009830 984183 C1372861 C30026 Renal Ion Transport Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009832 Renal/Urological Activity Alteration N0000009832 988191 C1372863 C30030 Renal/Urological Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009833 Reproductive System Activity Alteration N0000009833 990488 C1372864 C30032 Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009838 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration N0000009838 987051 C1372869 C30042 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009839 Respiratory/Pulmonary Activity Alteration N0000009839 987910 C1372870 C30044 Respiratory/Pulmonary Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009840 Reverse Transcription to DNA Alteration N0000009840 987911 C1372871 C30046 Reverse Transcription to DNA Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009841 Saliva Production Alteration N0000009841 986450 C1372872 C30048 Saliva Production Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009843 Salivation Stimulation N0000009843 985049 C1372874 C30052 Salivation Stimulation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009844 Serotonin Activity Alteration N0000009844 986797 C1372875 C30054 Serotonin Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009851 Special Sensory Systems Activity Alteration N0000009851 990845 C1372882 C30068 Special Sensory Systems Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009863 Stimulate Ovulation N0000009863 988583 C1372894 C30092 Stimulate Ovulation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009876 Striated Muscle Metabolic Alteration N0000009876 984454 C2916793 C30118 Striated Muscle Metabolic Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009877 Striated Muscle Anabolism Alteration N0000009877 989427 C1372908 C30120 Striated Muscle Anabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009878 Striated Muscle Catabolism Alteration N0000009878 989644 C1372909 C30122 Striated Muscle Catabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009879 Striated Muscle Contraction Alteration N0000009879 984654 C1372910 C30124 Striated Muscle Contraction Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009880 Substance P Activity Alteration N0000009880 984655 C1372911 C30126 Substance P Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009887 Testicular Endocrine Activity Alteration N0000009887 985052 C1372918 C30140 Testicular Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009889 Thyroid Gland Activity Alteration N0000009889 986798 C1372920 C30144 Thyroid Gland Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009890 Thyroid Hormone Iodination Alteration N0000009890 1031140 C1372921 C30146 Thyroid Hormone Iodination Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009894 Translation Alteration N0000009894 984492 C1372925 C30154 Translation Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009906 Vascular Tone Alteration N0000009906 987659 C1372937 C30178 Vascular Tone Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009908 Vasoconstriction N0000009908 1022844 C0042396 C30182 Vasoconstriction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009909 Vasodilation N0000009909 1021984 C0042401 C30184 Vasodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009911 Venous Vasodilation N0000009911 989329 C1372940 C30188 Venous Vasodilation [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009912 Ventilatory Gas Flow Alteration N0000009912 985297 C1372941 C30190 Ventilatory Gas Flow Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009914 Ventricular Repolarization N0000009914 986031 C1372942 C30194 Ventricular Repolarization [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009915 Unknown Cellular or Molecular Interaction N0000009915 990716 C1373108 C30196 Unknown Cellular or Molecular Interaction [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009918 Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists N0000009918 1035126 C1373110 C30202 Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009923 Adrenergic beta1-Antagonists N0000009923 986189 C1373134 C30212 Adrenergic beta1-Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009924 Adrenergic beta2-Antagonists N0000009924 987660 C1373133 C30214 Adrenergic beta2-Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009925 Unknown Physiological Effect N0000009925 990891 C1372849 C30216 Unknown Physiological Effect [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009928 Decreased Cellular Migration N0000009928 989196 C1372848 C30224 Decreased Cellular Migration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009930 Decreased Luteinizing Hormone Secretion N0000009930 987320 Decreased LH Secretion C1372846 C30228 Decreased Luteinizing Hormone Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009932 Vitamin Uptake and Modification Alteration N0000009932 985133 C1372844 C30232 Vitamin Uptake and Modification Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009934 Decreased Vitamin Uptake and Modification N0000009934 988793 C1372842 C30236 Decreased Vitamin Uptake and Modification [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009935 Decreased Folic Acid Modification N0000009935 988510 Decreased Folate Modification C1372841 C30238 Decreased Folic Acid Modification [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009942 Intraocular Fluid Pressure Alteration N0000009942 988969 C1372834 C30252 Intraocular Fluid Pressure Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009943 Decreased Intraocular Fluid Pressure N0000009943 986190 C1372833 C30254 Decreased Intraocular Fluid Pressure [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009944 Decreased Intraocular Aqueous Secretion N0000009944 989197 C1372832 C30256 Decreased Intraocular Aqueous Secretion [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009946 Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Inhibitors N0000009946 984916 PABA Inhibitor C2916799 C30260 Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009948 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors N0000009948 989597 C1373120 C30264 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009949 Antibody-Receptor Interactions N0000009949 985716 C2267208 C30266 Antibody-Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009950 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Interactions N0000009950 984657 TNF Receptor Interactions C1373118 C30268 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009956 Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors N0000009956 988794 C1373112 C30280 Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009958 Bone Surface Interactions N0000009958 985507 C1373129 C30284 Bone Surface Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000009964 Respiratory Mucosal Edema Alteration N0000009964 990849 C1372831 C30296 Respiratory Mucosal Edema Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009965 Decreased Respiratory Mucosal Edema N0000009965 989798 C1372830 C30298 Decreased Respiratory Mucosal Edema [PE] NDF-RT:N0000009970 Decreased Tracheo-Bronchial Mucosal Edema N0000009970 989598 C1372825 C30308 Decreased Tracheo-Bronchial Mucosal Edema [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010060 almotriptan M0363903 C409045 almotriptan N0000010060 279645 almotriptan C0914729 C30950 almotriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010068 aprepitant M0447596 C114556 aprepitant N0000010068 358255 aprepitant C1176306 C30986 aprepitant [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010079 bortezomib M0350110 C400082 bortezomib N0000010079 358258 bortezomib C1176309 C31054 bortezomib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010109 eletriptan M0297676 C115647 eletriptan N0000010109 231049 eletriptan C0759933 C31206 eletriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010125 gemifloxacin M0370050 C103274 gemifloxacin N0000010125 138099 gemifloxacin 7-(3-aminomethyl-4-methoxyimino-pyrrolidine-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-(1,8)-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid C0533545 C31306 gemifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010154 oxaliplatin M0095550 C030110 oxaliplatin N0000010154 32592 oxaliplatin 1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum oxalate 1,2-diamminocyclohexane(trans-1)oxolatoplatinum(II) oxalato-(1,2-cyclohexanediamine)platinum II oxaliplatine platinum(II)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine oxalate C0069717 C31522 oxaliplatin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010179 tenofovir M0254881 C096918 tenofovir N0000010179 117466 Tenofovir 9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine 9-PMPA C0384228 C31666 tenofovir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010186 valdecoxib M0360234 C406224 valdecoxib N0000010186 278567 valdecoxib 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide C0913246 C31698 valdecoxib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010187 valganciclovir M0334922 C121677 valganciclovir N0000010187 275891 valganciclovir ganciclovir L-valyl ester C0909381 C31702 valganciclovir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010191 voriconazole M0268951 C102790 voriconazole N0000010191 121243 voriconazole C0393080 C31722 voriconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010195 Pregnancy N0000010195 1022794 289908002 C0032961 C31746 Pregnancy [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010197 Physiologic States N0000010197 989040 C2916830 C31750 Physiologic States [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010198 Demographic States N0000010198 985726 C2916805 C31754 Demographic States [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010202 Age Categories N0000010202 989345 C2916832 C31762 Age Categories [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010203 Infant N0000010203 1023674 133931009 C0021270 C31764 Infant [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010204 Neonate N0000010204 1022105 46068001 C0021289 C31766 Neonate [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010205 Child N0000010205 1025000 410601007 C0008059 C31768 Child [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010206 Toddler N0000010206 988344 C0682053 C31770 Toddler [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010207 Young Child N0000010207 1029003 74489007 C0728836 C31772 Young Child [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010208 Preterm Infant N0000010208 1022314 395507008 C0021294 C31774 Preterm Infant [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010209 Older Child N0000010209 986907 31114009 C1455726 C31776 Older Child [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010210 Adult N0000010210 1026384 133936004 C0001675 C31778 Adult [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010211 Young Adult N0000010211 1028035 C0238598 C31780 Young Adult [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010212 Middle Aged Adult N0000010212 1033187 C0683973 C31782 Middle Aged Adult [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010213 Elderly Adult N0000010213 1026765 207527008 207528003 271872005 49808004 C2825054 C31784 Elderly Adult [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010214 Adolescent N0000010214 1023260 133937008 59223006 C0205653 C31786 Adolescent [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010215 Transpeptidase Inhibitors N0000010215 984931 PBP inhibitors Transpepsidase Inhibitors penicillin binding protein Inhibitors C1373138 C31788 Transpeptidase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010216 Lactation N0000010216 1025167 169741004 C0022925 C31790 Lactation [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010222 Sterol Metabolism Alteration N0000010222 990415 C1371579 C31802 Sterol Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010226 Antibody Interactions N0000010226 987958 C2916825 C31810 Antibody Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010242 Irritable Bowel Syndrome M0004816 D043183 A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION. Irritable Bowel Syndrome N0000010242 1022676 10743008 Colitis, Mucous Colon, Irritable C0022104 C31842 Irritable Bowel Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010244 Pregnancy Second Trimester N0000010244 1021885 255247007 59466002 C0032980 C31846 Pregnancy Second Trimester [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010245 Pregnancy Third Trimester N0000010245 1023212 255248002 41587001 C0032981 C31848 Pregnancy Third Trimester [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010246 Decreased Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Migration N0000010246 990417 C1371595 C31850 Decreased Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Migration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010248 Decreased Fibroblast Migration N0000010248 987533 C1371593 C31854 Decreased Fibroblast Migration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010250 Vascular Permeability Alteration N0000010250 1025930 C1371588 C31858 Vascular Permeability Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010252 Decreased Vascular Permeability N0000010252 984932 C2825069 C31862 Decreased Vascular Permeability [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010253 Decreased Capillary Permeability N0000010253 985585 C0232378 C31864 Decreased Capillary Permeability [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010255 Cellular Structure Molecule Interactions N0000010255 989808 C1373148 C31868 Cellular Structure Molecule Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010256 Tubulin Interactions N0000010256 1023254 C1373147 C31870 Tubulin Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010260 beta Tubulin Interactions N0000010260 986466 C1373143 C31878 beta Tubulin Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010261 Neurokinin 1 Receptor Interactions N0000010261 984193 NK 1 Receptor Interactions Substance P Receptor Interactions C1373142 C31880 Neurokinin 1 Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010262 Neurokinin 1 Antagonists N0000010262 988216 NK 1 Receptor Antagonists Substance P Receptor Antagonists C2916827 C31882 Neurokinin 1 Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010268 Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration N0000010268 985732 C1371604 C31894 Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000010278 Interleukin 2 Receptor Interactions N0000010278 984934 IL2 Receptor Interactions C1373153 C31914 Interleukin 2 Receptor Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010279 Interleukin 2 Receptor Antagonists N0000010279 986467 IL2 Receptor Antagonists IL2 Receptor Blockers IL2 Receptor Inhibitors Interleukin 2 Receptor Blockers Interleukin 2 Receptor Inhibitors C1373152 C31916 Interleukin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000010341 atazanavir M0450734 C413408 atazanavir N0000010341 343047 Atazanavir 3,12-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-8-hydroxy-4,11-dioxo-9-(phenylmethyl)-6-((4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl)methyl)-2,5,6,10,13-pentaazatetradecanedioic acid dimethyl ester C1145759 C53850 atazanavir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010342 Daptomycin M0026638 D017576 A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA. Daptomycin N0000010342 22299 Daptomycin Deptomycin N-decanoyl-L-tryptophyl-L-asparaginyl-L-aspartyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-ornithyl-L-aspartyl-D-alanyl-L-aspartylglycyl-D-seryl-threo-3-methyl-L-glutamyl-3-anthraniloyl-L-alanine-epsilon1-lactone C0057144 C53858 Daptomycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010344 emtricitabine M0337569 C122114 emtricitabine N0000010344 276237 emtricitabine beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine C0909839 C53866 emtricitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010347 imatinib M0424454 C097613 imatinib N0000010347 282388 imatinib C0935989 C53878 imatinib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010349 Memantine M0013333 D008559 AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent. Memantine N0000010349 6719 Memantine 1,3-Dimethyl-5-aminoadamantane 1-Amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane Memantin Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decan-1-amine, 3,5-dimethyl- C0025242 C53890 Memantine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010350 miglustat M0461235 C059896 miglustat N0000010350 402316 Miglustat N-(n-butyl)deoxy-nojirimycin N-(n-butyl)deoxynojirimycin n-butyl deoxynojirimycin n-butyldeoxynojirimycin C1321596 C53894 miglustat [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010359 Triptorelin M0026318 D017329 A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. Triptorelin N0000010359 38782 Triptorelin 5-oxo-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 6-D-Tryptophan-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor (Pig) D-Trp-6-LH-RH GnRH, Trp(6)- LHRH, Trp(6)- LHRH, Tryptophyl(6)- C0077275 C53938 Triptorelin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010361 vardenafil M0387383 C426063 vardenafil N0000010361 306674 vardenafil 1-(((3-(3,4-dihydro-5-methyl)-4-oxo-7-propylimidazo(5,1-f)-as-triazin-2-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-ethylpiperazine C0971579 C53946 vardenafil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010531 infliximab M0282056 C108577 infliximab N0000010531 191831 infliximab MAb cA2 monoclonal antibody cA2 C0666743 C273254 infliximab [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010536 tadalafil M0431130 C429886 tadalafil N0000010536 358263 tadalafil Pyrazino(1',2':1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indole-1,4-dione, 6-(1,3- benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-, (6R,12aR)- C1176316 C273294 tadalafil [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010538 pemetrexed M0227083 C085586 pemetrexed N0000010538 68446 pemetrexed L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)benzoyl)- MTA N-(4-(2-(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimdin-5-yl)ethyl)benzoyl)glutamic acid C0210657 C273298 pemetrexed [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010549 Tinidazole M0021569 D014011 A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections. Tinidazole N0000010549 10612 Tinidazole 1H-Imidazole, 1-(2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro- C0040263 C273397 Tinidazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010566 erlotinib M0350388 C400278 erlotinib N0000010566 337525 erlotinib C1135135 C273485 erlotinib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000010582 Drug Products by Generic Ingredient Combinations N0000010582 987399 C2267084 C288626 Drug Products by Generic Ingredient Combinations NDF-RT:N0000010583 A [Preparations] N0000010583 989498 C2267085 C288627 A [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010584 B [Preparations] N0000010584 987472 C2267086 C288628 B [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010585 C [Preparations] N0000010585 987820 C2267087 C288629 C [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010586 D [Preparations] N0000010586 990856 C2267088 C288630 D [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010587 E [Preparations] N0000010587 984666 C2267089 C288631 E [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010588 F [Preparations] N0000010588 986610 C2267090 C288632 F [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010589 G [Preparations] N0000010589 986405 C2267091 C288633 G [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010590 H [Preparations] N0000010590 985945 C2741642 C288634 H [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010591 I [Preparations] N0000010591 987875 C2267092 C288635 I [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010594 L [Preparations] N0000010594 984195 C2267094 C288638 L [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010595 M [Preparations] N0000010595 989499 C2267095 C288639 M [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010596 N [Preparations] N0000010596 984993 C2267096 C288640 N [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010597 O [Preparations] N0000010597 989096 C2267097 C288641 O [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010598 P [Preparations] N0000010598 987400 C2267098 C288642 P [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010600 R [Preparations] N0000010600 987269 C2267100 C288644 R [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010601 S [Preparations] N0000010601 985848 C2267101 C288645 S [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010602 T [Preparations] N0000010602 989806 C2267102 C288646 T [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010604 V [Preparations] N0000010604 984196 C2267104 C288648 V [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010608 Z [Preparations] N0000010608 987401 C2267108 C288652 Z [Preparations] NDF-RT:N0000010934 Spondylarthropathies M0374011 D025242 Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others. Spondylarthropathies N0000010934 1022545 372109003 Spondylarthropathy C0949691 C291287 Spondylarthropathies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010941 Hepatic Insufficiency M0461663 D048550 Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. Hepatic Insufficiency N0000010941 1026586 59927004 Liver Insufficiency C1306571 C291294 Hepatic Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010958 Adrenogenital Syndrome M0000488 D047808 Abnormal SEX DIFFERENTIATION or congenital DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT caused by abnormal levels of steroid hormones expressed by the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as in CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA and ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS. Due to abnormal steroid biosynthesis, clinical features include VIRILISM in females; FEMINIZATION in males; or precocious sexual development in children. Adrenogenital Syndrome N0000010958 1024033 190511001 271077003 C0302280 C291311 Adrenogenital Syndrome [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000010968 Weight Loss M0023779 D015431 Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. Weight Loss N0000010968 1024717 161832001 262285001 89362005 Weight Reduction C0043096 C291321 Weight Loss [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011003 Papillomavirus Infections M0387084 D030361 Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression. Papillomavirus Infections N0000011003 1027658 C0950124 C291356 Papillomavirus Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011008 Moraxellaceae Infections M0449414 D045828 Infections with bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE. Moraxellaceae Infections N0000011008 988873 C1258225 C291361 Moraxellaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011019 Tauopathies M0371891 D024801 Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration. Tauopathies N0000011019 1024063 Tauopathy C0949664 C291372 Tauopathies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011045 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms M0398989 D031901 A group of interrelated trophoblastic diseases arising from pregnancy. They are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread. Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms N0000011045 1023593 416402001 417475006 Trophoblastic Neoplasms, Gestational C1135868 C291398 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011073 Spondylarthritis M0374010 D025241 Inflammation of the joints of the SPINE, the intervertebral articulations. Spondylarthritis N0000011073 1024045 371082009 Arthritis, Spinal Spinal Arthritis C0949690 C291426 Spondylarthritis [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011076 Body Weight M0002758 D001835 The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. Body Weight N0000011076 1027029 39857003 C0005910 C291429 Body Weight [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011087 Carcinoma, Ductal M0445446 D044584 Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND. Carcinoma, Ductal N0000011087 1025416 82711006 Ductal Carcinoma C1176475 C291440 Carcinoma, Ductal [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011088 Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors M0442596 D043202 Errors in metabolic processing of STEROIDS resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors N0000011088 1026290 Congenital Errors of Steroid Metabolism Inborn Errors of Steroid Metabolism Steroid Metabolic Diseases, Inborn C1257809 C291441 Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011099 Malnutrition M0015121 D044342 An imbalanced nutritional status resulted from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. Malnutrition N0000011099 1021991 65404009 70241007 Nutritional Deficiency Undernutrition C0162429 C291452 Malnutrition [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011105 Genetic Diseases, Inborn M0385531 D030342 Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. Genetic Diseases, Inborn N0000011105 1025368 Inborn Genetic Diseases C0950123 C291458 Genetic Diseases, Inborn [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011123 Glucose Metabolism Disorders M0446458 D044882 Pathological conditions in which the BLOOD GLUCOSE cannot be maintained within the normal range, such as in HYPOGLYCEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA. Etiology of these disorders varies. Plasma glucose concentration is critical to survival for it is the predominant fuel for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Glucose Metabolism Disorders N0000011123 989730 126877002 Glucose Metabolic Disorder Glucose Metabolic Disorders Glucose Metabolism Disorder C1257958 C291476 Glucose Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011126 Diabetes Complications M0462957 D048909 Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE. Diabetes Complications N0000011126 1023143 190422004 372069003 Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes-Related Complications Diabetic Complications C0342257 C291479 Diabetes Complications [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011153 Pneumocystis Infections M0025462 D016720 Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally. Pneumocystis Infections N0000011153 1024257 111918002 Pneumocystis carinii Infections C0851886 C291506 Pneumocystis Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011157 Stress Disorders, Traumatic M0424629 D040921 Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, increased arousal, and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. Traumatic stress disorders can be further classified by the time of onset and the duration of these symptoms. Stress Disorders, Traumatic N0000011157 990033 C0038441 C291511 Stress Disorders, Traumatic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000011161 Cephalosporins M0003827 D002511 A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. Cephalosporins N0000011161 1024008 Antibiotics, Cephalosporin C2266959 C291517 Cephalosporins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011162 beta-Lactams M0012144 D047090 Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria. beta-Lactams N0000011162 82034 C0282215 C291518 beta-Lactams [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011172 Hormones M0010538 D006728 Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects. Hormones N0000011172 5436 Hormone C0019932 C291528 Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011173 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists M0010540 D006730 A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists. Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists N0000011173 5438 Hormones, Substitutes, Antagonists C0019934 C291529 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011174 Antibodies, Monoclonal M0001357 D000911 Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells. Antibodies, Monoclonal N0000011174 911 Monoclonal Antibodies C0003250 C291530 Antibodies, Monoclonal [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011175 Antibodies M0001352 D000906 Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS). Antibodies N0000011175 904 C0003241 C291531 Antibodies [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011180 Recombinant Fusion Proteins M0018640 D011993 Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes. Recombinant Fusion Proteins N0000011180 9217 Fusion Proteins, Recombinant C0034857 C291536 Recombinant Fusion Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011187 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids M0456000 D046948 Compounds formed by condensation of secologanin with tryptamine resulting in a tetrahydro-beta-carboline which is processed further to a number of bioactive compounds. These are especially found in plants of the APOCYNACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE families. Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids N0000011187 469968 Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Secologanin Indole Alkaloids Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids C1449663 C291543 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011188 Indole Alkaloids M0377033 D026121 Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN) Indole Alkaloids N0000011188 287953 C0949738 C291544 Indole Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011190 Fluoroquinolones M0372253 D024841 A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group. Fluoroquinolones N0000011190 287913 C0949665 C291546 Fluoroquinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011202 Peptide Hormones M0409611 D036361 Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic. Peptide Hormones N0000011202 154313 Hormones, Peptide C0597192 C291558 Peptide Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011203 Vidarabine Phosphate M0001639 D001084 An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties. Vidarabine Phosphate N0000011203 1066 9-(5-O-Phosphono-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-amine 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)- Adenine Arabinoside Monophosphate Ara-AMP Arabinofuranosyladenine Monophosphate Vidarabine Monophosphate C0003674 C291559 Vidarabine Phosphate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011204 Arabinonucleotides M0001643 D001088 Nucleotides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety. Arabinonucleotides N0000011204 1070 Arabinofuranosylnucleotides C0003681 C291560 Arabinonucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011248 Amino Acids, Aromatic M0370111 D024322 Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain. Amino Acids, Aromatic N0000011248 89965 Amino Acid, Aromatic Aromatic Amino Acids C0301713 C291604 Amino Acids, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011255 Transition Elements M0382670 D028561 Elements with partially filled d orbitals. They constitute groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements. Transition Elements N0000011255 196940 C0682906 C291611 Transition Elements [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011269 Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones M0016916 D010906 Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone. Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones N0000011269 8363 Hormones, Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hypophysiotropic Hormones C0032014 C291625 Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011270 Hypothalamic Hormones M0010936 D007028 Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into the pituitary portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit PITUITARY GLAND functions. VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN, though produced in the hypothalamus, are not included here for they are transported down the AXONS to the POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY before being released into the portal circulation. Hypothalamic Hormones N0000011270 5617 Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating Hormones Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating Peptides C0020656 C291626 Hypothalamic Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011273 Phenylcarbamates M0461443 D048448 Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea. Phenylcarbamates N0000011273 470109 Phenyl-Carbamates C1449848 C291629 Phenylcarbamates [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011281 Penicillins M0016152 D010406 A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065) Penicillins N0000011281 7986 Antibiotics, Penicillin C0030842 C291637 Penicillins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011290 Biological Factors M0002530 D001685 Endogenously-synthesized compounds that may influence biological phenomena or represent quantifiable biomarkers. Biological factors are a variety of extracellular substances that are not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS Biological Factors N0000011290 1570 Biologic Factors Biological Factor Factor, Biologic Factor, Biological Factors, Biological C0005515 C291646 Biological Factors [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011291 Cytokines M0024747 D016207 Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner. Cytokines N0000011291 40065 C0079189 C291647 Cytokines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011304 Imidazolines M0461078 D048288 Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond. Imidazolines N0000011304 470102 C1449836 C291660 Imidazolines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011307 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids M0023177 D015065 A group of hydroxycorticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 17-position. Urinary excretion of these compounds is used as an index of adrenal function. They are used systemically in the free alcohol form, but with esterification of the hydroxy groups, topical effectiveness is increased. 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids N0000011307 19 C0000163 C291663 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011308 Hydroxycorticosteroids M0010756 D006889 A group of corticosteroids carrying hydroxy groups, usually in the 11- or 17-positions. They comprise the bulk of the corticosteroids used systemically. As they are relatively insoluble in water, salts of various esterified forms are often used for injections or solutions. Hydroxycorticosteroids N0000011308 5524 C0020343 C291664 Hydroxycorticosteroids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011309 Adrenal Cortex Hormones M0000480 D000305 Adrenal Cortex Hormones N0000011309 354 Corticoids Corticosteroids C0001617 C291665 Adrenal Cortex Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011314 Imidazolidines M0461079 D048289 Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLINES which contain no double bonds in the ring. Imidazolidines N0000011314 470103 C1449837 C291670 Imidazolidines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011317 Taxoids M0443608 D043823 A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Taxoids N0000011317 382247 C1257832 C291673 Taxoids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011318 Cyclodecanes M0443605 D043822 Compounds with a 10-carbon ring. Cyclodecanes N0000011318 382246 C1257831 C291674 Cyclodecanes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011324 Aza Compounds M0002056 D001372 Aza Compounds N0000011324 1249 C0004471 C291680 Aza Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011330 Macrocyclic Compounds M0456185 D047028 Cyclic compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-4 dozen atoms. Macrocyclic Compounds N0000011330 469970 Macrocycle Compounds C1449665 C291686 Macrocyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011331 Polycyclic Compounds M0017162 D011083 Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures. Polycyclic Compounds N0000011331 8502 C0032456 C291687 Polycyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011345 Lymphokines M0012816 D008222 Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity. Lymphokines N0000011345 6522 Lymphocyte Mediators C0024297 C291701 Lymphokines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011350 Antigens M0001407 D000941 Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. Antigens N0000011350 946 Antigen C0003320 C291706 Antigens [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011353 Antigens, Viral M0001448 D000956 Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. Antigens, Viral N0000011353 965 Viral Antigens C0003342 C291709 Antigens, Viral [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011369 Lignans M0026769 D017705 A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) Lignans N0000011369 28711 C0064971 C291725 Lignans [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011371 Excitatory Amino Acids M0028199 D018846 Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. Excitatory Amino Acids N0000011371 71687 Amino Acids, Excitatory Excitatory Amino Acid C0243046 C291727 Excitatory Amino Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011372 Amino Acids, Acidic M0370116 D024342 Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH. Amino Acids, Acidic N0000011372 258416 Acidic Amino Acids Amino Acid, Acidic C0815040 C291728 Amino Acids, Acidic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011376 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids M0023175 D015062 A group of corticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 11-position. 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids N0000011376 12 C0000119 C291732 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011384 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins M0409590 D036341 Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal. Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins N0000011384 337799 C1136108 C291740 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011390 4-Quinolones M0441453 D042462 QUINOLONES containing a 4-oxo (a carbonyl in the para position to the nitrogen). They inhibit the A subunit of DNA GYRASE and are used as antimicrobials. Second generation 4-quinolones are also substituted with a 1-piperazinyl group at the 7-position and a fluorine at the 6-position. 4-Quinolones N0000011390 106885 4-Oxoquinolines 4-Quinolinones C0358919 C291746 4-Quinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011415 Lactams, Macrocyclic M0456188 D047029 LACTAMS forming compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-3 dozen atoms. Lactams, Macrocyclic N0000011415 469972 Cyclams Macrocyclic Lactams C1449667 C291771 Lactams, Macrocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011422 Interleukins M0011509 D007378 Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. Interleukins N0000011422 5896 Interleukin C0021764 C291779 Interleukins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011424 Interleukin-2 M0011506 D007376 A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes. Interleukin-2 N0000011424 5889 IL-2 IL2 Interleukin II Interleukine 2 Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor T-Cell Growth Factor T-Cell Stimulating Factor TCGF Thymocyte Stimulating Factor C0021756 C291781 Interleukin-2 [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011448 HIV Envelope Protein gp41 M0024085 D015700 Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 41,000 and is glycosylated. The N-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in CELL FUSION with the CD4 ANTIGENS of T4 LYMPHOCYTES, leading to syncytial formation. Gp41 is one of the most common HIV antigens detected by IMMUNOBLOTTING. HIV Envelope Protein gp41 N0000011448 5370 Envelope Protein gp41, HIV HIV Transmembrane Protein gp41 HTLV-III gp41 env Protein gp41, HIV gp41 Envelope Protein, HIV gp41(HIV) C0019692 C291805 HIV Envelope Protein gp41 [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011449 Gene Products, env M0024061 D015686 Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease. Gene Products, env N0000011449 4727 env Antigens env Gene Products env Protein C0017278 C291806 Gene Products, env [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011450 Polyproteins M0017889 D020815 Proteins which are synthesized as a single polymer and then cleaved into several distinct proteins. Polyproteins N0000011450 8552 C0032583 C291807 Polyproteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011451 Retroviridae Proteins M0018984 D012191 Proteins from the family Retroviridae. The most frequently encountered member of this family is the Rous sarcoma virus protein. Retroviridae Proteins N0000011451 9302 C0035367 C291808 Retroviridae Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011452 Viral Proteins M0022737 D014764 Proteins found in any species of virus. Viral Proteins N0000011452 11225 Gene Products, Viral Viral Gene Products Viral Gene Proteins C0042736 C291809 Viral Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011453 Viral Envelope Proteins M0022717 D014759 Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins. Viral Envelope Proteins N0000011453 11215 Envelope Proteins, Viral Virus Envelope Proteins C0042711 C291810 Viral Envelope Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011454 Viral Structural Proteins M0024034 D015678 Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS). Viral Structural Proteins N0000011454 11227 Virus Structural Proteins C0042738 C291811 Viral Structural Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011455 HIV Antigens M0023851 D015488 Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens. HIV Antigens N0000011455 5368 AIDS Antigens HIV Associated Antigens HIV-Associated Antigens HTLV III Antigens HTLV III LAV Antigens HTLV-III Antigens HTLV-III-LAV Antigens LAV Antigens Lymphadenopathy Associated Antigens Lymphadenopathy-Associated Antigens T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Antigens, Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Antigens, Human C0019686 C291812 HIV Antigens [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011456 Viral Fusion Proteins M0022730 D014760 Proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. They promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells. Viral Fusion Proteins N0000011456 11221 Fusion Proteins, Viral Virus Fusion Proteins C0042717 C291813 Viral Fusion Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011457 Peptide Fragments M0016224 D010446 Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques. Peptide Fragments N0000011457 8027 C0030935 C291814 Peptide Fragments [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011463 Boronic Acids M0002834 D001897 Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the basic structure RB(OH)2. Boronic Acids N0000011463 1707 C0006032 C291820 Boronic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000011474 Tryptamines M0022087 D014363 Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN. Tryptamines N0000011474 10897 Indolylethylamines C0041248 C291831 Tryptamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000019992 Hypothalmic Hormone Interactions N0000019992 985094 C2267109 C300377 Hypothalmic Hormone Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000019993 Hypothalamic Hormone Receptor Agonists N0000019993 989569 C2916835 C300378 Hypothalamic Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020000 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors N0000020000 987029 C2267115 C300385 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020001 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors N0000020001 1028392 C2757011 C300386 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020002 Vascular Alterations N0000020002 984378 C2267116 C300387 Vascular Alterations [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020003 Vascular Growth Alteration N0000020003 985275 C2267117 C300388 Vascular Growth Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020005 Vascular Growth Decrease N0000020005 990782 Angiogenesis Inhibition C2267119 C300390 Vascular Growth Decrease [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020006 HER Receptor Family Antagonists N0000020006 990667 EGFR Family Antagonists EGFR Family Inhibitors Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Antagonists Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors HER Antagonists HER Family Antagonists HER Family Inhibitors HER Inhibitors HER Receptor Family Inhibitors Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Antagonists Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors C2916840 C300391 HER Receptor Family Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020008 HER2/Neu/cerbB2 Antagonists N0000020008 984590 HER-2 Antagonists HER-2 Inhibitors HER-2/Neu/cerbB2 Antagonists HER-2/Neu/cerbB2 Inhibitors HER2 Antagonists HER2 Inhibitors HER2/Neu/cerbB2 Inhibitors C2916795 C300393 HER2/Neu/cerbB2 Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020009 Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors N0000020009 984994 Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor C2267122 C300394 Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020010 HER1 Antagonists N0000020010 989266 EGFR Antagonists EGFR Inhibitors Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antagonists Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors HER-1 Antagonists HER-1 Inhibitors HER1 Inhibitors C2916831 C300395 HER1 Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020013 Cellular Growth Phase Reduction N0000020013 986120 C2267126 C300398 Cellular Growth Phase Reduction [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020014 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists N0000020014 985979 C2916809 C300399 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020015 NMDA Receptor Antagonists N0000020015 985849 N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists C2916808 C300400 NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020018 Glucosyl Transferase Inhibitors N0000020018 988136 C2267130 C300403 Glucosyl Transferase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020019 Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors N0000020019 989376 C2267131 C300404 Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020020 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Alteration N0000020020 986153 C2267132 C300405 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020022 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Decrease N0000020022 985980 C2267134 C300407 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Decrease [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020025 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors N0000020025 989952 C2267137 C300411 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020026 Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors N0000020026 985515 Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitor Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitors C2267138 C300412 Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020040 Polysaccharide Metabolism Alteration N0000020040 986121 C2267149 C300430 Polysaccharide Metabolism Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000020065 L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists N0000020065 989377 C2916833 C300455 L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020084 Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibitors N0000020084 986156 C1661195 C300474 Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020089 Viral Envelope Interactions N0000020089 989812 C2267190 C300479 Viral Envelope Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000020127 INTERFERON ALFA-2A Ingredient N0000020127 5879 Interferon Alfa-2a Active C0021734 <VANDF_Record>50.6^183^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>183</VA_IEN> 4022121 C15918 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/103145s5060LBL.pdf INTERFERON ALFA-2A NDF-RT:N0000020211 MEGESTROL Ingredient N0000020211 6703 Megestrol Active C0025175 <VANDF_Record>50.6^451^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>451</VA_IEN> 4022205 C16868 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=65b28775-ee59-88cf-e4d8-372c6c79ad14#nlm34084-4,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020264s017lbl.pdf MEGESTROL NDF-RT:N0000021287 ZALCITABINE Ingredient N0000021287 3363 Zalcitabine Active C0012132 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2270^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2270</VA_IEN> 4023282 C21646 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s16lbl.pdf ZALCITABINE NDF-RT:N0000021601 ZOLPIDEM Ingredient N0000021601 39993 zolpidem Active C0078839 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2769^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2769</VA_IEN> 4023596 C21714 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/019908s029lbl.pdf ZOLPIDEM NDF-RT:N0000021906 VENLAFAXINE Ingredient N0000021906 39786 venlafaxine Active C0078569 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3173^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3173</VA_IEN> 4023901 C21404 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020151s056s057lbl.pdf VENLAFAXINE NDF-RT:N0000021914 FLUVASTATIN Ingredient N0000021914 41127 fluvastatin Active C0082608 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3184^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3184</VA_IEN> 4023909 C14840 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020261s042,021192s016lbl.pdf FLUVASTATIN NDF-RT:N0000021950 STAVUDINE (dT4) Ingredient N0000021950 693224 Inactive C1875783 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3225^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3225</VA_IEN> 4023945 C290406 STAVUDINE (dT4) NDF-RT:N0000021984 METFORMIN Ingredient N0000021984 6809 Metformin Active C0025598 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3277^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3277</VA_IEN> 4023979 C17000 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=ed71d7ea-f5af-4406-8b0d-68e17cb1e61e&type=display METFORMIN NDF-RT:N0000021986 VINORELBINE Ingredient N0000021986 39541 vinorelbine Active C0078257 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3279^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3279</VA_IEN> 4023981 C21450 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20388S014lbl.pdf VINORELBINE NDF-RT:N0000022036 GEMCITABINE Ingredient N0000022036 12574 gemcitabine Active C0045093 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3358^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3358</VA_IEN> 4024031 C15022 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020509s069lbl.pdf GEMCITABINE NDF-RT:N0000022037 TOPOTECAN Ingredient N0000022037 57308 Topotecan Active C0146224 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3360^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3360</VA_IEN> 4024032 C21012 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020671s016s017lbl.pdf TOPOTECAN NDF-RT:N0000022046 ATORVASTATIN Ingredient N0000022046 83367 atorvastatin Active C0286651 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3382^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3382</VA_IEN> 4024041 C11394 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020702s056lbl.pdf ATORVASTATIN NDF-RT:N0000022054 CEFEPIME Ingredient N0000022054 20481 cefepime Active C0055003 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3392^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3392</VA_IEN> 4024049 C12388 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050679s036lbl.pdf CEFEPIME NDF-RT:N0000022056 DELAVIRDINE Ingredient N0000022056 83816 Delavirdine Active C0288165 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3395^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3395</VA_IEN> 4024051 C13500 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20705S8lbl.pdf DELAVIRDINE NDF-RT:N0000022060 ROPIVACAINE Ingredient N0000022060 35780 ropivacaine Active C0073571 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3403^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3403</VA_IEN> 4024055 C19622 ROPIVACAINE NDF-RT:N0000022076 PRAMIPEXOLE Ingredient N0000022076 746741 Pramipexole Active C0074710 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4691^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4691</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3431^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3431</VA_IEN> 4024071 C19082 PRAMIPEXOLE NDF-RT:N0000022086 ROPINIROLE Ingredient N0000022086 72302 ropinirole Active C0244821 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3446^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3446</VA_IEN> 4024081 C19616 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/020658s018s020s021lbl.pdf ROPINIROLE NDF-RT:N0000022101 CLOPIDOGREL Ingredient N0000022101 32968 clopidogrel Active C0070166 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3467^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3467</VA_IEN> 4024096 C12996 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=edae8df1-caf9-ff72-1304-5ae8b355f8e7&type=display CLOPIDOGREL NDF-RT:N0000022115 SILDENAFIL Ingredient N0000022115 136411 sildenafil Active C0529793 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3484^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3484</VA_IEN> 4024110 C19856 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020895s036lbl.pdf SILDENAFIL NDF-RT:N0000022122 MONTELUKAST Ingredient N0000022122 88249 montelukast Active C0298130 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3503^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3503</VA_IEN> 4024117 C17436 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020829s060,020830s062,021409s037lbl.pdf MONTELUKAST NDF-RT:N0000022124 CERIVASTATIN Ingredient N0000022124 596723 Active C0528023 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3505^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3505</VA_IEN> 4024119 C12556 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20740S19lbl.pdf CERIVASTATIN NDF-RT:N0000022320 ATAZANAVIR Ingredient N0000022320 343047 Atazanavir Active C1145759 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4656^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4656</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3890^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3890</VA_IEN> 4024316 C53848 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021567s026lbl.pdf ATAZANAVIR NDF-RT:N0000022608 GOLD Ingredient N0000022608 4975 Active C0018026 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2241^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2241</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^323^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>323</VA_IEN> 4019622 C15176 GOLD NDF-RT:N0000022612 INTERFERON Ingredient N0000022612 5886 Active C0021747 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2410^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2410</VA_IEN> 4019787 C15914 INTERFERON NDF-RT:N0000022999 RABEPRAZOLE NA Ingredient N0000022999 226868 Rabeprazole sodium Active C0732569 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3847^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3847</VA_IEN> 4021175 C19460 RABEPRAZOLE NA NDF-RT:N0000023088 ESZOPICLONE UZX80K71OE Ingredient N0000023088 461016 Eszopiclone Active C1436328 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4212^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4212</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4045^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4045</VA_IEN> 4024906 C4837925188257 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021476s012lbl.pdf ESZOPICLONE NDF-RT:N0000023100 TIPRANAVIR ZZT404XD09 Ingredient N0000023100 190548 tipranavir Active C0663733 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4224^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4224</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4059^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4059</VA_IEN> 4024917 C4837932838670 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021814s011lbl.pdf TIPRANAVIR NDF-RT:N0000023107 PREGABALIN 55JG375S6M Ingredient N0000023107 187832 pregabalin Active C0657912 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4231^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4231</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4070^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4070</VA_IEN> 4024924 C4837938905643 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=60185c88-ecfd-46f9-adb9-b97c6b00a553#nlm34084-4 PREGABALIN NDF-RT:N0000145804 COLCHICINE SML2Y3J35T Ingredient N0000145804 2683 Colchicine Active C0009262 <VANDF_Record>50.416^7^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>7</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3</VA_IEN> 4017416 C13128 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee1583ac-c308-4beb-b602-9ecac4977026#section-6 COLCHICINE NDF-RT:N0000145820 PROPYLTHIOURACIL 721M9407IY Ingredient N0000145820 8794 Propylthiouracil Active C0033511 <VANDF_Record>50.416^23^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>23</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^12^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>12</VA_IEN> 4017432 C19284 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/006188s021s022lbl.pdf PROPYLTHIOURACIL NDF-RT:N0000145822 METHIMAZOLE 554Z48XN5E Ingredient N0000145822 6835 Methimazole Active C0025644 <VANDF_Record>50.416^25^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>25</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^14^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>14</VA_IEN> 4017434 C17076 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=dc92f45f-8d27-4dcb-b72d-6b8b04c6f0ce&type=display METHIMAZOLE NDF-RT:N0000145827 PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE RIT82F58GK Ingredient N0000145827 7982 penicillin G benzathine Active C0030829 <VANDF_Record>50.416^30^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>30</VA_IEN> 4017439 C18320 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050141s231lbl.pdf PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE NDF-RT:N0000145980 TRIAMCINOLONE 1ZK20VI6TY Ingredient N0000145980 10759 Triamcinolone Active C0040864 <VANDF_Record>50.416^192^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>192</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^93^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>93</VA_IEN> 4017599 C21066 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/012802s031lbl.pdf TRIAMCINOLONE NDF-RT:N0000146101 HYDROXYUREA X6Q56QN5QC Ingredient N0000146101 5552 hydroxyurea Active C0020402 <VANDF_Record>50.416^328^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>328</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^129^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>129</VA_IEN> 4017733 C15614 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/016295s041s042lbl.pdf HYDROXYUREA NDF-RT:N0000146122 IOPAMIDOL JR13W81H44 Ingredient N0000146122 5966 Iopamidol Active C0022026 <VANDF_Record>50.416^351^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>351</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^140^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>140</VA_IEN> 4017756 C16008 IOPAMIDOL NDF-RT:N0000146151 LEVODOPA 46627O600J Ingredient N0000146151 6375 Levodopa Active C0023570 <VANDF_Record>50.416^385^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>385</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^160^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>160</VA_IEN> 4017790 C16452 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<VANDF_Record>50.6^2147^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2147</VA_IEN> 4019502 C21656 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019655s052,019910s039,020518s022lbl.pdf ZIDOVUDINE NDF-RT:N0000147623 NORFLOXACIN N0F8P22L1P Ingredient N0000147623 7517 Norfloxacin Active C0028365 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2117^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2117</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2148^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2148</VA_IEN> 4019503 C17744 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019384s060lbl.pdf NORFLOXACIN NDF-RT:N0000147626 CAPSAICIN S07O44R1ZM Ingredient N0000147626 1992 Capsaicin Active C0006931 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2120^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2120</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2151^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2151</VA_IEN> 4019506 C12202 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/022395lbl.pdf CAPSAICIN NDF-RT:N0000147641 MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE U6USW86RD0 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<VANDF_Record>50.6^389^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>389</VA_IEN> 4019606 C11024 AMIODARONE NDF-RT:N0000147726 BETAXOLOL O0ZR1R6RZ2 Ingredient N0000147726 1520 Betaxolol Active C0005320 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2252^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2252</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^903^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>903</VA_IEN> 4019633 C11712 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019507s008lbl.pdf BETAXOLOL NDF-RT:N0000147738 BUPROPION 01ZG3TPX31 Ingredient N0000147738 42347 Bupropion Active C0085208 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2264^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2264</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2119^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2119</VA_IEN> 4019645 C11932 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022108s005s006lbl.pdf BUPROPION NDF-RT:N0000147739 BUSPIRONE TK65WKS8HL Ingredient N0000147739 1827 Buspirone Active C0006462 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Diltiazem Active C0012373 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2341^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2341</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^1169^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1169</VA_IEN> 4019722 C13816 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020092s017lbl.pdf DILTIAZEM NDF-RT:N0000147829 DOXORUBICIN 80168379AG Ingredient N0000147829 3639 Doxorubicin Active C0013089 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2356^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2356</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^428^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>428</VA_IEN> 4019737 C14060 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/050718s033lbl.pdf DOXORUBICIN NDF-RT:N0000147835 ENALAPRIL 69PN84IO1A Ingredient N0000147835 3827 Enalapril Active C0014025 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2363^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2363</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^292^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>292</VA_IEN> 4019744 C14202 ENALAPRIL NDF-RT:N0000147838 ETHAMBUTOL 8G167061QZ 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N0000147929 7005 Mitoxantrone Active C0026259 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2465^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2465</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2176^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2176</VA_IEN> 4019842 C17376 MITOXANTRONE NDF-RT:N0000147946 NORTRIPTYLINE BL03SY4LXB Ingredient N0000147946 7531 Nortriptyline Active C0028420 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2483^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2483</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^64^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>64</VA_IEN> 4019860 C17750 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018013s58lbl.pdf NORTRIPTYLINE NDF-RT:N0000147949 OLSALAZINE ULS5I8J03O Ingredient N0000147949 32385 olsalazine Active C0069454 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2486^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2486</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2247^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2247</VA_IEN> 4019863 C17888 OLSALAZINE NDF-RT:N0000147965 PENICILLIN Ingredient N0000147965 70618 Penicillin Active C0220892 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<VANDF_Record>50.6^271^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>271</VA_IEN> 4019918 C19318 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=700abc58-9362-4ef5-9d7a-dd3c4d364d0a&type=display PROTRIPTYLINE NDF-RT:N0000148014 SELEGILINE 2K1V7GP655 Ingredient N0000148014 9639 Selegiline Active C0036579 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2554^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2554</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2121^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2121</VA_IEN> 4019929 C19766 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021479s003s004lbl.pdf SELEGILINE NDF-RT:N0000148018 STREPTOMYCIN Y45QSO73OB Ingredient N0000148018 10109 Streptomycin Active C0038425 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2558^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2558</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^40^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>40</VA_IEN> 4019933 C20374 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=abd1f64e-4283-4370-aae8-3666316aa36e&type=display STREPTOMYCIN NDF-RT:N0000148024 TAMOXIFEN 094ZI81Y45 Ingredient N0000148024 10324 Tamoxifen Active C0039286 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2565^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2565</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^772^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>772</VA_IEN> 4019939 C20576 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=063fa789-4570-4715-c3bd-1bad0449fb26&type=display TAMOXIFEN NDF-RT:N0000148037 TOLMETIN D8K2JPN18B Ingredient N0000148037 10636 Tolmetin Active C0040377 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2578^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2578</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^793^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>793</VA_IEN> 4019952 C20990 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a6c72634-4613-4d21-bc9a-09dad17eb137#nlm34084-4 TOLMETIN NDF-RT:N0000148047 TRIMIPRAMINE 6S082C9NDT Ingredient N0000148047 10834 Trimipramine Active C0041056 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2588^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2588</VA_IEN> 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Ingredient N0000148119 25102 Fludarabine phosphate Active C0060483 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2814^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2814</VA_IEN> 4020177 C14754 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020038s033lbl.pdf FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE NDF-RT:N0000148200 SIMVASTATIN AGG2FN16EV Ingredient N0000148200 36567 Simvastatin Active C0074554 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3045^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3045</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2708^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2708</VA_IEN> 4020400 C19902 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019766s083lbl.pdf SIMVASTATIN NDF-RT:N0000148235 TICLOPIDINE OM90ZUW7M1 Ingredient N0000148235 10594 Ticlopidine Active C0040207 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3158^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3158</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2702^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2702</VA_IEN> 4020513 C20886 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<VANDF_Record>50.6^2700^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2700</VA_IEN> 4020530 C14900 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/020068s017lbl.pdf FOSCARNET NDF-RT:N0000148250 LOMEFLOXACIN L6BR2WJD8V Ingredient N0000148250 28872 lomefloxacin Active C0065162 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3183^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3183</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2698^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2698</VA_IEN> 4020537 C16602 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/20013s015lbl.pdf LOMEFLOXACIN NDF-RT:N0000148255 PRAVASTATIN KXO2KT9N0G Ingredient N0000148255 42463 Pravastatin Active C0085542 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3194^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3194</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2689^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2689</VA_IEN> 4020548 C19096 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019898s061lbl.pdf PRAVASTATIN NDF-RT:N0000148264 ITRACONAZOLE 304NUG5GF4 Ingredient N0000148264 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http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020031s058s066,020710s022s030lbl.pdf PAROXETINE NDF-RT:N0000148369 STAVUDINE (d4T) BO9LE4QFZF Ingredient N0000148369 59763 Stavudine Active C0164662 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3522^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3522</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4241^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4241</VA_IEN> 4020865 C20314 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020412s038,020413s030lbl.pdf STAVUDINE (d4T) NDF-RT:N0000148372 TACROLIMUS WM0HAQ4WNM Ingredient N0000148372 42316 Tacrolimus Active C0085149 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3525^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3525</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3228^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3228</VA_IEN> 4020868 C20568 TACROLIMUS NDF-RT:N0000148401 LOSARTAN JMS50MPO89 Ingredient N0000148401 52175 Losartan Active C0126174 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3573^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3573</VA_IEN> 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http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020659s055,022417s006lbl.pdf RITONAVIR NDF-RT:N0000148441 DOCETAXEL 15H5577CQD Ingredient N0000148441 72962 docetaxel Active C0246415 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3634^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3634</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3352^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3352</VA_IEN> 4020968 C13972 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022234s000lbl.pdf DOCETAXEL NDF-RT:N0000148457 ZAFIRLUKAST XZ629S5L50 Ingredient N0000148457 114970 zafirlukast Active C0378466 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3654^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3654</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3373^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3373</VA_IEN> 4020987 C21644 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020547s031lbl.pdf ZAFIRLUKAST NDF-RT:N0000148461 NEVIRAPINE 99DK7FVK1H Ingredient N0000148461 53654 Nevirapine Active C0132326 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http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021055s006lbl.pdf BEXAROTENE NDF-RT:N0000148654 PANTOPRAZOLE D8TST4O562 Ingredient N0000148654 40790 pantoprazole Active C0081876 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3880^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3880</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3635^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3635</VA_IEN> 4021208 C18102 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4b4edc09-bbfd-471f-ac16-6118937a6e7e#nlm34084-4 PANTOPRAZOLE NDF-RT:N0000148658 CEVIMELINE K9V0CDQ56E Ingredient N0000148658 44281 cevimeline Active C0093437 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3884^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3884</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3638^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3638</VA_IEN> 4021212 C12614 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020989s008lbl.pdf CEVIMELINE NDF-RT:N0000148664 LINEZOLID ISQ9I6J12J Ingredient N0000148664 190376 linezolid Active C0663241 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http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f94b2ba4-024f-4068-8759-da6c8d31c546#nlm34084-4 ZONISAMIDE NDF-RT:N0000148690 ZIPRASIDONE 6UKA5VEJ6X Ingredient N0000148690 115698 ziprasidone Active C0380393 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3921^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3921</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3688^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3688</VA_IEN> 4021249 C21710 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020825s038,020919s025,021483s005lbl.pdf ZIPRASIDONE NDF-RT:N0000148697 PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B G8RGG88B68 Ingredient N0000148697 253453 peginterferon alfa-2b Active C0796545 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3928^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3928</VA_IEN> 4021256 C273259 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/103949s5217s5222lbl.pdf PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B NDF-RT:N0000148698 IMATINIB BKJ8M8G5HI Ingredient N0000148698 282388 imatinib Active C0935989 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<VANDF_Record>50.416^4067^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4067</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3884^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3884</VA_IEN> 4021391 C30984 APREPITANT NDF-RT:N0000148811 BORTEZOMIB 69G8BD63PP Ingredient N0000148811 358258 bortezomib Active C1176309 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4069^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4069</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3886^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3886</VA_IEN> 4021393 C31052 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021602s029s030lbl.pdf BORTEZOMIB NDF-RT:N0000148813 EMTRICITABINE G70B4ETF4S Ingredient N0000148813 276237 emtricitabine Active C0909839 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4071^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4071</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3888^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3888</VA_IEN> 4021395 C53864 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021500s019lbl.pdf EMTRICITABINE NDF-RT:N0000148818 TRIPTORELIN 9081Y98W2V Ingredient N0000148818 38782 Triptorelin Active C0077275 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4076^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4076</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3894^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3894</VA_IEN> 4021400 C53936 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020715s025,021288s022,022437s003lbl.pdf TRIPTORELIN NDF-RT:N0000148820 VARDENAFIL UCE6F4125H Ingredient N0000148820 306674 vardenafil Active C0971579 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4080^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4080</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3898^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3898</VA_IEN> 4021404 C53944 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021400s013lbl.pdf VARDENAFIL NDF-RT:N0000148822 MIGLUSTAT ADN3S497AZ Ingredient N0000148822 402316 Miglustat Active C1321596 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4082^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4082</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3900^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3900</VA_IEN> 4021406 C53892 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021348s008lbl.pdf MIGLUSTAT NDF-RT:N0000148824 MEMANTINE W8O17SJF3T Ingredient N0000148824 6719 Memantine Active C0025242 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4085^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4085</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3913^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3913</VA_IEN> 4021409 C53888 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=17b61eb2-2498-4d2e-9e1f-b0c2c21c9347#nlm34084-4,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021487s010s012s014,021627s008lbl.pdf MEMANTINE NDF-RT:N0000148828 DAPTOMYCIN NWQ5N31VKK Ingredient N0000148828 22299 Daptomycin Active C0057144 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4090^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4090</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3920^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3920</VA_IEN> 4021414 C53856 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021572s038lbl.pdf DAPTOMYCIN NDF-RT:N0000148829 TADALAFIL 742SXX0ICT Ingredient N0000148829 358263 tadalafil Active C1176316 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4091^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4091</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3925^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3925</VA_IEN> 4021415 C273295 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ff61b237-be8e-461b-8114-78c52a8ad0ae#nlm34084-4 TADALAFIL NDF-RT:N0000148831 PEMETREXED 04Q9AIZ7NO Ingredient N0000148831 68446 pemetrexed Active C0210657 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4093^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4093</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3927^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3927</VA_IEN> 4021417 C273299 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021462s029s030s032lbl.pdf PEMETREXED NDF-RT:N0000148851 TINIDAZOLE 033KF7V46H Ingredient N0000148851 10612 Tinidazole Active C0040263 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4155^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4155</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3970^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3970</VA_IEN> 4021467 C273398 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021618s003lbl.pdf TINIDAZOLE NDF-RT:N0000148872 ERLOTINIB J4T82NDH7E Ingredient N0000148872 337525 erlotinib Active C1135135 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4203^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4203</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4033^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4033</VA_IEN> 4021511 C273486 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021743s14s16lbl.pdf ERLOTINIB NDF-RT:N0000166367 Alkynes M0000724 D000480 Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2. Alkynes N0000166367 507 Acetylenes Acetylenic Compounds C0002078 C7757209141385 Alkynes [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000166515 Phenoxypropanolamines M0473241 D050198 Compounds based on a propanolamine attached via an OXYGEN atom to a phenoxy ring. The side chain is one carbon longer than PHENYLETHYLAMINES. Phenoxypropanolamines N0000166515 587150 Phenoxy-Propanolamines C1563753 C7757556548667 Phenoxypropanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000166599 Nitrophenols M0014911 D009596 Nitrophenols N0000166599 7473 C0028188 C7757728016549 Nitrophenols [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000166781 Organogold Compounds M0476729 D050607 Organic compounds that contain GOLD as an integral part of the molecule. Some are used as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS. The term chrysotherapy derives from an ancient Greek term for gold. Organogold Compounds N0000166781 589356 C1564425 C7758024259787 Organogold Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000167044 Benzoxazines M0461882 D048588 OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring. Benzoxazines N0000167044 154680 C0598594 C7758506460737 Benzoxazines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000167204 1-Deoxynojirimycin M0026526 D017485 An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. 1-Deoxynojirimycin N0000167204 43423 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta))- C0089267 C7758822898999 1-Deoxynojirimycin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000167392 Epothilones M0405146 D034261 A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES). Epothilones N0000167392 337764 Epothilon Epothilone C1136012 C7758211020115 Epothilones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000167471 Macromolecular Substances M0455942 D046911 Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. Macromolecular Substances N0000167471 469962 Macromolecular Compounds and Complexes C1449655 C7759277952086 Macromolecular Substances [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000168504 Imino Sugars M0472664 D050111 Sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. This substitution prevents normal METABOLISM resulting in inhibition of GLYCOSIDASES and GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES. Imino Sugars N0000168504 593639 C1563733 C7757306585892 Imino Sugars [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000168505 Imino Pyranoses M0472665 D050112 Six-carbon pyranose sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. Imino Pyranoses N0000168505 586407 1,5-Imino Sugars 1-N-Imino Sugars 5-Imino-Pyranoses C1563734 C7757307043772 Imino Pyranoses [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000168691 Membrane Fusion Proteins M0476481 D050576 Proteins that catalyze MEMBRANE FUSION. Membrane Fusion Proteins N0000168691 589182 C1564357 C7762026023419 Membrane Fusion Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000170228 Vigabatrin M0328364 D020888 An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) Vigabatrin N0000170228 14851 Vigabatrin 4-Amino-5-hexenoic Acid gamma-Vinyl-GABA gamma-Vinyl-gamma-Aminobutyric Acid C0048044 C7757999946082 Vigabatrin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171017 Inflammation Mediators M0028191 D018836 The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC). Inflammation Mediators N0000171017 71683 Mediators of Inflammation C0243042 C7764415934706 Inflammation Mediators [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171025 Autacoids M0019975 D012898 A chemically diverse group of substances produced by various tissues in the body that cause slow contraction of smooth muscle; they have other intense but varied pharmacologic activities. Autacoids N0000171025 9832 Slow-Reacting Substances C0037343 C7764425293996 Autacoids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171195 Pigments, Biological M0016854 D010860 Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms. Pigments, Biological N0000171195 587457 C1571592 C7764620980040 Pigments, Biological [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171595 pregabalin M0214473 C080245 pregabalin N0000171595 187832 pregabalin 3-isobutyl GABA C0657912 C7765700397396 pregabalin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171600 enfuvirtide M0274523 C105196 enfuvirtide N0000171600 139896 enfuvirtide pentafuside C0537439 C7765976926117 enfuvirtide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171602 tipranavir M0278998 C107201 tipranavir N0000171602 190548 tipranavir C0663733 C7766023708879 tipranavir [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000171629 Headache Disorders, Primary M0480011 D051270 Conditions in which the primary symptom is HEADACHE and the headache cannot be attributed to any known causes. Headache Disorders, Primary N0000171629 1026706 Primary Headache Disorders C1565106 C7768697376063 Headache Disorders, Primary [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171634 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias M0480084 D051303 Primary headache disorders that show symptoms caused by the activation of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. These autonomic features include redness and tearing of the EYE, nasal congestion or discharge, facial SWEATING and other symptoms. Most subgroups show unilateral cranial PAIN. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias N0000171634 986844 C1565172 C7768704400419 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171642 Renal Insufficiency M0480487 D051437 Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. Renal Insufficiency N0000171642 1026620 Kidney Insufficiency C1565489 C7769506319378 Renal Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171643 Renal Insufficiency, Chronic M0480472 D051436 Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) Renal Insufficiency, Chronic N0000171643 1025359 236425005 Chronic Kidney Insufficiency Chronic Renal Insufficiency Kidney Insufficiency, Chronic C0403447 C7769506596229 Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171659 Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological M0019736 D012735 Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female. Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological N0000171659 1027365 Sex Disorders Sexual Disorders, Physiological Sexual Dysfunctions, Physiological C0237873 C7769454662813 Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171679 Dyslipidemias M0010831 D050171 Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. Dyslipidemias N0000171679 1030190 370992007 Dyslipidemia C0242339 C7772221546872 Dyslipidemias [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171690 ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma M0470981 D049913 A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE. ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma N0000171690 1022338 254958004 ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma Corticotroph Adenoma Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Corticotropin-Secreting Adenoma C1306214 C7767179526168 ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000171742 SORAFENIB 9ZOQ3TZI87 Ingredient N0000171742 495881 sorafenib Active C1516119 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4259^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4259</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4098^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4098</VA_IEN> 4025077 C23260268461494 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021923s012lbl.pdf SORAFENIB NDF-RT:N0000171749 LENALIDOMIDE F0P408N6V4 Ingredient N0000171749 342369 lenalidomide Active C1144149 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4271^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4271</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4111^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4111</VA_IEN> 4025089 C23260276570066 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021880s023lbl.pdf LENALIDOMIDE NDF-RT:N0000171753 NELARABINE Ingredient N0000171753 274771 nelarabine Active C0907349 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4275^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4275</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4118^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4118</VA_IEN> 4025093 C23260280449330 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021877s001lbl.pdf NELARABINE NDF-RT:N0000171790 RASAGILINE 003N66TS6T Ingredient N0000171790 134748 rasagiline Active C0525678 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4319^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4319</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4138^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4138</VA_IEN> 4025261 C23283822792840 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021641s002s003s004s005s007s008s010lbl.pdf RASAGILINE NDF-RT:N0000171807 VIGABATRIN Ingredient N0000171807 14851 Vigabatrin Active C0048044 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4338^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4338</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4508^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4508</VA_IEN> 4025280 C23283829651254 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020427s002lbl.pdf VIGABATRIN NDF-RT:N0000175073 Platinum-containing Compounds N0000175073 991140 C634435 Platinum-containing Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175074 Nucleoside Synthesis Inhibitors N0000175074 987332 C2266855 C634436 Nucleoside Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175075 Proteasome Inhibitors N0000175075 988088 Proteasome Inhibitor Proteosome Inhibitors C2266856 C634437 Proteasome Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175076 Protein Kinase Inhibitors N0000175076 993161 C2757016 C634438 Protein Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175081 Chemical Classes for Pharmacologic Classification N0000175081 991135 C634443 Chemical Classes for Pharmacologic Classification [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175082 Kinase Inhibitors N0000175082 1025684 C1152564 C634444 Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175092 Polyunsaturated Alkamides M0492305 D053284 Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation. Polyunsaturated Alkamides N0000175092 658214 Alkamides, Polyunsaturated Alkylamides, Polyunsaturated Polyunsaturated Alkylamides C1720954 C25661221459710 Polyunsaturated Alkamides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175098 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles M0496552 D053799 Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles N0000175098 658403 Benzimidazole Methylpyridine Sulfoxides C1721069 C25671927244663 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175104 Quinazolinones M0490629 D052999 Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen. Quinazolinones N0000175104 657853 C1720912 C25677206981334 Quinazolinones [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175345 nelarabine M0359430 C104457 nelarabine N0000175345 274771 nelarabine 2-amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside 2-amino-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-6-methoxy-9H-purine C0907349 C25703953619244 nelarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175347 lenalidomide M0479831 C467567 lenalidomide N0000175347 342369 lenalidomide 2,6-Piperidinedione, 3-(4-amino-1,3-dihydro-1-oxo-2H- isoindol-2-yl)- 3-(4-Amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione IMiD3 cpd C1144149 C25704408524826 lenalidomide [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175349 sorafenib M0446095 C471405 sorafenib N0000175349 495881 sorafenib 4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureido)phenoxy)pyridine-2-carboxyllic acid methyamide-4-methylbenzenesulfonate C1516119 C25704431991775 sorafenib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175354 eszopiclone M0463158 C515051 eszopiclone N0000175354 461016 Eszopiclone (+)-(5S)-6(chloropyridine-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)-pyrazin-5-yl-4-methyl-piperazine-1-carboxylate C1436328 C25705053602902 eszopiclone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175355 Binding Activity N0000175355 990338 C2266866 C634738 Binding Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175368 Cholinergic Interactions N0000175368 987379 C2266879 C634751 Cholinergic Interactions [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175369 Cholinergic Agonists N0000175369 1033063 C2757066 C634752 Cholinergic Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175446 Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Receptor Blocking Activity N0000175446 988325 TNF-a Receptor Blocking Activity TNF-alpha Receptor Blocking Activity C2267209 C30270 Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Receptor Blocking Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175450 Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists N0000175450 988660 C2266939 C634830 Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175451 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Blocking Activity N0000175451 984952 TNF Blocker TNF Receptor Blocking Activity C2266940 C634831 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Blocking Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175472 Metal Chelating Activity N0000175472 986481 C1154714 C634853 Metal Chelating Activity [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175508 Lipopeptides M0519359 D055666 Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain. Lipopeptides N0000175508 819804 C2266975 C634901 Lipopeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175550 Decreased Immunologic Activity N0000175550 989722 Immune Suppression Immune System Suppression Immunologic Suppression Immunosuppression C1373218 C634943 Decreased Immunologic Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000175551 Increased Immunologic Activity N0000175551 990348 Immune Stimulation Immune System Stimulation Immunologic Stimulation Immunostimulation C2267003 C634944 Increased Immunologic Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000175642 Autonomic Nervous System Activity Alteration N0000175642 990764 C2267060 C635035 Autonomic Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000175721 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds N0000175721 991139 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds Non-steroidal Antiinflammatory Compounds Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Compounds C635127 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000175725 Peripheral Nervous System Activity Alteration N0000175725 992027 C2917266 C635131 Peripheral Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000175919 Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors N0000175919 991925 C2917205 C635357 Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] NDF-RT:N0000175977 Coagulation Activity Alteration N0000175977 991697 C2917139 C635431 Coagulation Activity Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000175978 Decreased Coagulation Activity N0000175978 1024413 Anti-coagulation Anti-coagulation Activity Anticoagulation Anticoagulation Activity C2917212 C635432 Decreased Coagulation Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000175979 Increased Coagulation Activity N0000175979 992037 Pro-coagulation Pro-coagulation Activity Procoagulation Procoagulation Activity C2917275 C635433 Increased Coagulation Activity [PE] NDF-RT:N0000176043 DASATINIB RBZ1571X5H Ingredient N0000176043 475342 dasatinib Active C1455147 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4401^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4401</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4184^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4184</VA_IEN> 4025488 C50.416.4401 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021986s009s010lbl.pdf DASATINIB NDF-RT:N0000176071 TELBIVUDINE 2OC4HKD3SF Ingredient N0000176071 474128 telbivudine Active C1453933 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4431^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4431</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4213^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4213</VA_IEN> 4025782 C50.416.4431 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022011S012,022154S009lbl.pdf TELBIVUDINE NDF-RT:N0000176078 MYCOPHENOLATE Ingredient N0000176078 265323 MYCOPHENOLATE Active C0883242 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4438^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4438</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4198^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4198</VA_IEN> 4025608 C50.416.4438 MYCOPHENOLATE NDF-RT:N0000176115 MARAVIROC MD6P741W8A Ingredient N0000176115 620216 maraviroc Active C1667052 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4476^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4476</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4297^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4297</VA_IEN> 4026629 C50.416.4476 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022128s007lbl.pdf MARAVIROC NDF-RT:N0000176119 IXABEPILONE K27005NP0A Ingredient N0000176119 337523 ixabepilone Active C1135132 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4480^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4480</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4306^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4306</VA_IEN> 4026737 C50.416.4480 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022065s006lbl.pdf IXABEPILONE NDF-RT:N0000176124 NILOTINIB F41401512X Ingredient N0000176124 662281 nilotinib Active C1721377 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4485^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4485</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4315^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4315</VA_IEN> 4026964 C50.416.4485 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022068s008s009lbl.pdf NILOTINIB NDF-RT:N0000176133 ETRAVIRINE 0C50HW4FO1 Ingredient N0000176133 475969 etravirine Active C1456409 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4494^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4494</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4335^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4335</VA_IEN> 4027244 C50.416.4494 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022187s008lbl.pdf ETRAVIRINE NDF-RT:N0000176135 FOSAPREPITANT 6L8OF9XRDC Ingredient N0000176135 754762 Active C2349941 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4496^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4496</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4340^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4340</VA_IEN> 4027246 C50.416.4496 FOSAPREPITANT NDF-RT:N0000176136 FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINE D35FM8T64X Ingredient N0000176136 754763 Fosaprepitant dimeglumine Active C2315887 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4497^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4497</VA_IEN> 4027247 C50.416.4497 FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINE NDF-RT:N0000176156 CERTOLIZUMAB Ingredient N0000176156 709271 certolizumab pegol Active C1872109 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4517^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4517</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4367^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4367</VA_IEN> 4027433 C50.416.4517 CERTOLIZUMAB NDF-RT:N0000176176 HISTRELIN Ingredient N0000176176 50975 histrelin Active C0121902 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4139^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4139</VA_IEN> 4025500 C50.6.4139 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021732s007s010s012lbl.pdf HISTRELIN NDF-RT:N0000177954 LEVOLEUCOVORIN Ingredient N0000177954 877015 levoleucovorin Active C2721771 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4570^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4570</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4439^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4439</VA_IEN> 4028507 C50.416.4570 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020140s002lbl.pdf LEVOLEUCOVORIN NDF-RT:N0000178331 peginterferon alfa-2b M0374956 C417083 peginterferon alfa-2b N0000178331 253453 peginterferon alfa-2b PEG INF alfa-2b PEG INF alpha-2b PEG-IFN alfa-2b PEG-IFN alpha-2b PEG-IFNalpha-2b PEG-interferon alfa-2b PEG-interferon alpha-2b peginterferon alpha-2b pegylated interferon alfa-2b pegylated interferon alpha-2b polyethylene glycol-interferon alfa-2b polyethylene glycol-interferon alpha-2b C0796545 C637785 peginterferon alfa-2b [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000178413 GOLIMUMAB Ingredient N0000178413 819300 golimumab Active C2353893 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4583^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4583</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4460^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4460</VA_IEN> 4028717 C50.416.4583 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/125289s0038lbl.pdf GOLIMUMAB NDF-RT:N0000178476 Blood Pressure Alteration N0000178476 991626 C2917124 C637932 Blood Pressure Alteration [PE] NDF-RT:N0000178477 Decreased Blood Pressure N0000178477 991700 C2917141 C637933 Decreased Blood Pressure [PE] NDF-RT:N0000178479 Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived M0544940 D058846 Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats. Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived N0000178479 991130 Murine-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies C2916903 C637952 Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000178499 CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL Ingredient N0000178499 709271 certolizumab pegol Active C1872109 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4609^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4609</VA_IEN> 4028807 C50.416.4609 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/125160s111lbl.pdf CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL NDF-RT:N0000178749 Azabicyclo Compounds M0499252 D053961 Bicyclic bridged compounds that contain a nitrogen which has three bonds. The nomenclature indicates the number of atoms in each path around the rings, such as [2.2.2] for three equal length paths. Some members are TROPANES and BETA LACTAMS. Azabicyclo Compounds N0000178749 737880 C1955840 CMSHM0499252 Azabicyclo Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000178752 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins M0503879 D054298 Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins N0000178752 733867 HIV Gene Products HIV Proteins Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gene Products C1955876 CMSHM0503879 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000178753 env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus M0503881 D054299 Proteins encoded by the ENV GENE of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS. env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus N0000178753 738284 env Gene Products, HIV env Proteins, Human Immunodeficiency Virus envelope Proteins, Human Immunodeficiency Virus C1955877 CMSHM0503881 env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000178808 Isoindoles M0508166 D054833 Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number two carbon, in contrast to INDOLES which have the nitrogen adjacent to the six-membered ring. Isoindoles N0000178808 742374 C1956073 CMSHM0508166 Isoindoles [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179136 fludarabine monophosphate M0125188 C042382 fludarabine monophosphate N0000179136 25102 Fludarabine phosphate 9 beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine monophosphate F-ara-AMP FaraAMP fludarabine phosphate fluoro-ara-AMP C0060483 CMSHM0125188 fludarabine monophosphate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179310 Etidronate M0020101 D012968 Etidronate N0000179310 42682 Etidronate 1,1-hydroxyethylenediphosphonate 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-Diphosphonate 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Bisphosphonate EHDP Ethanehydroxydiphosphonate Ethanehydroxyphosphate HEDP Hydroxyethanediphosphonate C0086268 CMSHM0020101 Etidronate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179363 Sumatriptan Succinate M0027393 D018170 Sumatriptan Succinate N0000179363 67158 Sumatriptan Succinate C0206599 CMSHM0027393 Sumatriptan Succinate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179370 Penicillin M0016153 D010406 Penicillin N0000179370 70618 Penicillin C0220892 CMSHM0016153 Penicillin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179399 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride M0361510 D002939 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride N0000179399 81981 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride C0282104 CMSHM0361510 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179456 Levofloxacin M0329513 D015242 Levofloxacin N0000179456 82122 Levofloxacin Ofloxacin, (S)-Isomer C0282386 CMSHM0329513 Levofloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179514 rasagiline M0100095 C031967 rasagiline N0000179514 134748 rasagiline N-2-propynyl-1-indanamine C0525678 CMSHM0100095 rasagiline [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179565 methylprednisolone acetate M0040839 C000873 methylprednisolone acetate N0000179565 155323 methylprednisolone acetate acetyl-methylprednisolone methylprednisolone-21-acetate C0600901 CMSHM0040839 methylprednisolone acetate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179593 Enalapril Maleate M0331398 D004656 Enalapril Maleate N0000179593 203123 Enalapril Maleate C0700452 CMSHM0331398 Enalapril Maleate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179596 Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride M0330040 D008942 Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride N0000179596 203129 Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride C0700458 CMSHM0330040 Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179615 Losartan Potassium M0351838 D019808 Losartan Potassium N0000179615 203160 Losartan Potassium Losartan Monopotassium Salt C0700492 CMSHM0351838 Losartan Potassium [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179654 Leuprolide Acetate M0329431 D016729 Leuprolide Acetate N0000179654 203217 Leuprolide Acetate C0700596 CMSHM0329431 Leuprolide Acetate [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179745 posaconazole M0265888 C101425 posaconazole N0000179745 282446 posaconazole C0936148 CMSHM0265888 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=b073b082-7b57-4423-8c06-,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022003s018s020,0205053s002s004,0205596s001s003lbl.pdf4fd4263d6f84&type=display posaconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179767 ixabepilone M0473543 C430592 ixabepilone N0000179767 337523 ixabepilone C1135132 CMSHM0473543 ixabepilone [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179779 telbivudine M0469133 C487779 telbivudine N0000179779 474128 telbivudine beta-L-2'-deoxythymidine C1453933 CMSHM0469133 telbivudine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179780 dasatinib M0470497 C488369 dasatinib N0000179780 475342 dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide C1455147 CMSHM0470497 dasatinib [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179781 etravirine M0420447 C451734 etravirine N0000179781 475969 etravirine C1456409 CMSHM0420447 etravirine [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000179791 maraviroc M0493371 C502411 maraviroc N0000179791 620216 maraviroc C1667052 CMSHM0493371 maraviroc [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000180629 TOCILIZUMAB Ingredient N0000180629 612865 tocilizumab Active C1609165 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4670^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4670</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4548^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4548</VA_IEN> 4029705 C50.416^4670^ http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2e5365ff-cb2a-4b16-b2c7-e35c6bf2de13#nlm34084-4 TOCILIZUMAB NDF-RT:N0000181055 Lipid Metabolism Disorders M0486903 D052439 Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body. Lipid Metabolism Disorders N0000181055 1023349 C0154251 CMSHM0486903 Lipid Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181110 Leukoencephalopathies M0529130 D056784 Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. Leukoencephalopathies N0000181110 1023470 Leukoencephalopathy White Matter Diseases C0270612 CMSHM0529130 Leukoencephalopathies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181166 Cardiovascular Infections M0496690 D053821 Pathological conditions of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM caused by infections. Cardiovascular Infections N0000181166 1021827 Infections, Cardiovascular C0596270 CMSHM0496690 Cardiovascular Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181174 Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases M0528303 D056660 Hereditary inflammation conditions, characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation. Common symptoms include recurrent fever, rash, arthritis, fatigue, and secondary AMYLOIDOSIS. Hereditary autoinflammatory diseases are associated with mutations in genes involved in regulation of normal inflammatory process and are not caused by AUTOANTIBODIES, or antigen specific T-LYMPHOCYTES. Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases N0000181174 1002196 Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes Hereditary Recurrent Fevers C0751422 CMSHM0528303 Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181226 Leprosy, Multibacillary M0524817 D056006 A form of LEPROSY classified by the World Health Organization for the purpose of treatment, based on clinical manifestations and skin smear results. Patients with multibacillary leprosy have six or more lesions with or without positive skin smear results for the causative agent MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Multibacillary leprosy encompasses borderline lepromatous, midborderline, and lepromatous leprosy. Leprosy, Multibacillary N0000181226 1021786 Borderline Lepromatous Midborderline Lepromatous Multibacillary Leprosy C1562585 CMSHM0524817 Leprosy, Multibacillary [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181236 Female Urogenital Diseases M0489295 D052776 Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Female Urogenital Diseases N0000181236 1024696 Female Genitourinary Diseases C1720887 CMSHM0489295 Female Urogenital Diseases [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181264 Neoplasms, Plasma Cell M0502872 D054219 Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS. Neoplasms, Plasma Cell N0000181264 1005768 Plasma Cell Neoplasms C1959632 CMSHM0502872 Neoplasms, Plasma Cell [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181267 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma M0502706 D054198 A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma N0000181267 1024792 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute Leukemia, Lymphoid, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic C1961102 CMSHM0502706 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181296 Euglenozoa Infections M0533725 D056986 Infections with the protozoa of the phylum EUGLENOZOA. Euglenozoa Infections N0000181296 1028488 C2717956 CMSHM0533725 Euglenozoa Infections [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181302 Proteostasis Deficiencies M0534903 D057165 Disorders caused by imbalances in the protein homeostasis network - synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins; post-translational modifications; and degradation or clearance of misfolded proteins. Proteostasis Deficiencies N0000181302 1002154 Proteostasis Dysfunctions C2718000 CMSHM0534903 Proteostasis Deficiencies [Disease/Finding] NDF-RT:N0000181529 CABAZITAXEL Ingredient N0000181529 996051 cabazitaxel Active C2830183 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4693^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4693</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4570^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4570</VA_IEN> 4030043 C50.416^4693^ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/201023lbl.pdf CABAZITAXEL NDF-RT:N0000182116 Fibric Acids M0543661 D058607 Compounds that either share the structure of fibric acid in their molecular arrangement or are considered variants of the fibric acid structure. Fibric Acids N0000182116 1029707 2-Phenoxy Isobutyric Acids 2-Phenoxy-2-Methylpropionic Acid Derivatives Fibric Acid Derivatives Methyl-2-Phenoxypropanoic Acid Derivatives C2936462 CMSHM0543661 Fibric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000182117 Isobutyric Acids M0543641 D058610 Aliphatic acids that contain four carbons in a branched-chain configuration. Isobutyric Acids N0000182117 1023292 2-Methylpropionic Acids Dimethylacetic Acids C2936465 CMSHM0543641 Isobutyric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000182125 Thienopyridines M0545395 D058924 Heterocyclic compounds that contain 4H,5H,6H,7H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine as part of their structure. Thienopyridines N0000182125 1031667 Thienopyridine Derivatives C2936588 CMSHM0545395 Thienopyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] NDF-RT:N0000182253 TESAMORELIN Ingredient N0000182253 1044584 tesamorelin Active C1876200 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4719^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4719</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4599^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4599</VA_IEN> 4030295 C50.416^4719^ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022505s001s003lbl.pdf TESAMORELIN NDF-RT:N0000182260 ERIBULIN Ingredient N0000182260 1045453 eribulin Active C2350866 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4600^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4600</VA_IEN> 4030302 C50.6^4600^ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/201532lbl.pdf ERIBULIN NDF-RT:N0000182641 IPILIMUMAB Ingredient N0000182641 1094833 ipilimumab Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^4740^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4740</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4623^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4623</VA_IEN> 4030653 C50.416^4740^ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/125377s0000lbl.pdf IPILIMUMAB NDF-RT:N0000183250 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202429s000lbl.pdf VEMURAFENIB NDF-RT:N0000183253 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202570s003lbl.pdf CRIZOTINIB NDF-RT:N0000185509 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202714lbl.pdf CARFILZOMIB NDF-RT:N0000185727 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202992s000lbl.pdf TERIFLUNOMIDE BFO:0000001 entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity BFO:0000002 continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant BFO:0000003 occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent BFO:0000004 ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant BFO:0000015 process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process BFO:0000016 disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition BFO:0000017 realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity BFO:0000019 quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality BFO:0000020 sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant BFO:0000023 role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role BFO:0000029 site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site BFO:0000030 object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object BFO:0000031 gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant BFO:0000040 material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity BFO:0000141 immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity A disease that involving errors in metabolic processes of building or degradation of molecules. ICD10CM:E88.9 ICD9CM:277.9 MESH:D008659 NCI:C3235 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154733004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190961002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267456000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:30390004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:75934005 UMLS_CUI:C0025517 metabolic disease disease_ontology DOID:0014667 disease of metabolism DOID:0014667 An acquired metabolic disease that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. disease_ontology DOID:0050013 carbohydrate metabolism disease DOID:0050013 An aspergillosis that is a serious fungal infection of the lung with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, which spreads to other parts of the body through bloodstream in patients with acute leukemia and recipients of tissue transplants. Clinical symptoms include pulmonary nodules and hemorrhage. disease_ontology DOID:0050073 invasive aspergillosis DOID:0050073 A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. DOID:10115 DOID:11078 DOID:1304 DOID:1321 DOID:2040 DOID:2288 DOID:3099 DOID:4120 DOID:4620 DOID:5256 DOID:945 DOID:95 DOID:9532 DOID:9696 ICD9CM:079.0 UMLS_CUI:C0001485 infectious disease disease_ontology DOID:0050117 disease by infectious agent DOID:0050117 A paranasal sinus disease involving inflammation of the paranasal sinuses resulting from bacterial, fungal, viral infection, allergic or autoimmune issues. Symptoms can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. DOID:2052 DOID:9564 ICD10CM:J01 ICD10CM:J01.9 ICD10CM:J01.90 ICD9CM:461 ICD9CM:461.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155498004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155501004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:15805002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195649005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195653007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266378004 UMLS_CUI:C0149512 disease_ontology DOID:0050127 sinusitis DOID:0050127 A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection of internal organs and tissues located_in human body, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which enter the body via the respiratory tract, through the gut, paranasal sinuses or skin and spread through the bloodstream to multiple organs. disease_ontology DOID:0050136 systemic mycosis DOID:0050136 A nervous system disease which is located in a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information that consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste and olfaction (smell). disease_ontology DOID:0050155 sensory system disease DOID:0050155 A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. ICD9CM:478.1 ICD9CM:478.19 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195823002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266346007 UMLS_CUI:C0029581 disease_ontology DOID:0050161 lower respiratory tract disease DOID:0050161 A genetic disease that is the result of one or more abnormal alleles and may be dominant (a single copy of the abnormal allele is sufficient to give rise to the disease), semi-dominant, or recessive (requiring both copies of the gene to have an abnormal allele). disease_ontology DOID:0050177 monogenic disease DOID:0050177 A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria as a result of their presence or activity within the normal, healthy host, and their intrinsic virulence is, in part, a necessary consequence of their need to reproduce and spread. disease_ontology DOID:0050338 primary bacterial infectious disease DOID:0050338 A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria which are part of the normal human flora when one or more of the defense mechanisms designed to restrict them from the usually sterile internal tissues are breached by accident, by intent (surgery), or by an underlying metabolic or an infectious disorder. disease_ontology DOID:0050339 commensal bacterial infectious disease DOID:0050339 An intestinal disease characterized by inflammation located_in all parts of digestive tract. EFO:0003767 KEGG:05321 MESH:D015212 NCI:C3138 OMIM:PS266600 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155759008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196974002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:24526004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266516008 UMLS_CUI:C0021390 disease_ontology DOID:0050589 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. inflammatory bowel disease DOID:0050589 An organ system cancer located_in the respiratory system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in the respiratory tract. disease_ontology DOID:0050615 respiratory system cancer DOID:0050615 snadendla 2011-06-15T02:48:20Z disease_ontology DOID:0050671 female breast cancer DOID:0050671 A cancer that is classified based on the organ it starts in. snadendla 2011-06-13T03:28:33Z MESH:D009371 disease_ontology DOID:0050686 organ system cancer DOID:0050686 A cancer that is classified by the type of cell from which it is derived. snadendla 2011-06-13T03:28:50Z disease_ontology DOID:0050687 cell type cancer DOID:0050687 An autosomal genetic disease that is characterized by the presence of two mutated copies of the gene, both of which must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop. lschriml 2012-07-24T12:51:47Z disease_ontology DOID:0050737 autosomal recessive disease DOID:0050737 A monogenic disease that is has material basis in a mutation in a single gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes. lschriml 2012-07-24T04:45:53Z disease_ontology DOID:0050739 autosomal genetic disease DOID:0050739 A non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has_material_basis_in mature T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. lschriml 2012-09-18T01:56:52Z NK-T cell lymphoma mature T-cell and natural killer cell lymphoma disease_ontology DOID:0050743 mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma DOID:0050743 A multiple sclerosis that is characterised by a worsening of disability, rather than by relapses followed by recovery, which progressively worsens until a steady progression of disability replaces the cycles of attacks. lschriml 2013-11-07T11:22:49Z MESH:D020528 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:425500002 UMLS_CUI:C0751965 SPMS Secondary-progressive MS disease_ontology DOID:0050783 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis DOID:0050783 A heart disease that is located_in the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. lschriml 2014-02-12T01:53:42Z disease_ontology DOID:0050825 endocardium disease DOID:0050825 A vascular disease that is located_in an artery. lschriml 2014-02-12T03:08:35Z disease_ontology DOID:0050828 artery disease DOID:0050828 A neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells. lschriml 2014-08-14T03:29:17Z alpha Synucleinopathies disease_ontology Synucleinopathies DOID:0050890 synucleinopathy DOID:0050890 A large intestine cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells of glandular origin. lschriml 2014-10-13T15:00:10Z disease_ontology DOID:0050913 large intestine adenocarcinoma DOID:0050913 A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system resulting in production of antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the endocrine system. disease_ontology DOID:0060005 autoimmune disease of endocrine system DOID:0060005 A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. disease_ontology DOID:0060037 developmental disorder of mental health DOID:0060037 A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. disease_ontology DOID:0060038 specific developmental disorder DOID:0060038 A disease of mental health that involves the impairment in normal sexual functioning. disease_ontology DOID:0060043 sexual disorder DOID:0060043 An immune system disease that has material basis in abnormal immune responses. disease_ontology DOID:0060056 hypersensitivity reaction disease DOID:0060056 A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. DOID:1033 DOID:353 ICD10CM:C85.9 MESH:D008223 NCI:C3208 NCI:C7065 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:115244002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118600007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134218000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188676008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188694002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188695001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188704004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189959002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189965002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21964009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269627002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414628006 UMLS_CUI:C0024299 UMLS_CUI:C0598798 lymphoid cancer disease_ontology DOID:0060058 lymphoma DOID:0060058 A lymphoma that is characterized as any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphoma. OMIM:605027 disease_ontology DOID:0060060 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. non-Hodgkin lymphoma DOID:0060060 A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. lschriml 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z disease_ontology DOID:0060071 pre-malignant neoplasm DOID:0060071 A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. lschriml 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z disease_ontology DOID:0060072 benign neoplasm DOID:0060072 lschriml 2011-06-08T12:23:02Z disease_ontology DOID:0060075 estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer DOID:0060075 lschriml 2011-06-08T01:02:29Z disease_ontology DOID:0060082 breast benign neoplasm DOID:0060082 An organ system cancer located_in the immune system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in organs of the immune system. lschriml 2011-06-08T01:11:18Z disease_ontology DOID:0060083 immune system cancer DOID:0060083 A benign neoplasm that is classified by the type of cell or tissue from which it is derived. lschriml 2011-07-14T11:59:48Z disease_ontology DOID:0060084 cell type benign neoplasm DOID:0060084 A benign neoplasm that is classified by the organ system from which it is arising from. lschriml 2011-07-14T12:12:23Z disease_ontology DOID:0060085 organ system benign neoplasm DOID:0060085 An organ system benign neoplam that is located_in the thoracic cavity. lschriml 2011-07-15T01:55:57Z disease_ontology DOID:0060097 thoracic benign neoplasm DOID:0060097 An organ system cancer located_in the muscular and skeletal organs and characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the musculoskeletal organs. lschriml 2011-07-15T02:30:51Z DOID:0060124 skeletal system cancer disease_ontology DOID:0060100 musculoskeletal system cancer DOID:0060100 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the thoracic cavity. lschriml 2011-07-25T02:23:47Z disease_ontology DOID:0060118 thoracic disease DOID:0060118 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z analgesia disease_ontology DOID:0060145 pain agnosia DOID:0060145 A disease of metabolism that has _material_basis_in enzyme deficiency or accumulation of enzymes or toxins which interfere with normal function due to an endocrine organ disease, organ malfunction, inadequate intake, dietary deficiency, or malabsorption. lschriml 2011-08-24T02:53:03Z disease_ontology DOID:0060158 acquired metabolic disease DOID:0060158 A somatoform disorder that involves chronic pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress. lschriml 2011-09-07T01:42:46Z disease_ontology DOID:0060164 pain disorder DOID:0060164 An inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation located_in colon. emitraka 2014-09-12T14:31:45Z EFO:0003872 ICD10CM:K52.9 MESH:D003092 NCI:C26723 OMIM:191390 SNOMEDCT:64226004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64226004 UMLS_CUI:C0009319 disease_ontology DOID:0060180 colitis DOID:0060180 DOID:0060484 A syndrome characterize by seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance. It has material basis in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KCNJ10 gene on chromosome 1q23. MESH:C557674 OMIM:612780 ORDO:199343 UMLS_CUI:C2748572 SeSAME syndrome epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness and tubulopathy seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation and electrolyte imbalance EAST syndrome A bone marrow cancer that is formed of any one of the bone marrow cells belonging to the granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), monocytic/macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages. myeloma disease_ontology DOID:0070004 myeloid neoplasm DOID:0070004 A connective tissue disease that affects the structure or development of bone or causes an impairment of normal bone function. DOID:1290 ICD10CM:M89.9 MESH:D001847 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156814002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:203524000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268126004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274145000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:308147009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:76069003 UMLS_CUI:C0005940 disease_ontology skeletal disease DOID:0080001 bone disease DOID:0080001 A retinitis that has_material_basis_in Cytomegalovirus. MESH:D017726 CMV retinitis DOID:0080160 Cytomegalovirus retinitis DOID:0080160 A small intestine cancer that is located_in the beginning section of the small intestine. DOID:6072 ICD10CM:C17.0 ICD9CM:152.0 MESH:D004379 NCI:C4803 NCI:C9328 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154555009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254570009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269615000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363403002 UMLS_CUI:C0153426 UMLS_CUI:C0541912 Duodenal cancer cancer of duodenum duodenal neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:10021 duodenum cancer DOID:10021 An intestinal cancer that is located_in the small intestine. ICD10CM:C17 ICD10CM:C17.9 ICD9CM:152.9 NCI:C7523 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154555009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187755009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269615000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363509000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94048009 UMLS_CUI:C0153425 disease_ontology DOID:10154 small intestine cancer DOID:10154 A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the intestine. ICD10CM:C26.0 ICD9CM:159.0 MESH:D007414 NCI:C4572 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187819006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190089002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363508008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93838000 UMLS_CUI:C0346627 malignant intestinal tumors malignant neoplasm of intestine disease_ontology DOID:10155 intestinal cancer DOID:10155 A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. ICD9CM:426.6 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195053008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195056000 UMLS_CUI:C0029630 heart rhythm disease disease_ontology DOID:10273 heart conduction disease DOID:10273 A male reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the prostate. DOID:514 ICD10CM:C61 ICD9CM:185 KEGG:05215 MESH:D011471 NCI:C3343 NCI:C7378 OMIM:176807 OMIM:300147 OMIM:300704 OMIM:601518 OMIM:602759 OMIM:608656 OMIM:608658 OMIM:609299 OMIM:609558 OMIM:610321 OMIM:610997 OMIM:611100 OMIM:611868 OMIM:611928 OMIM:611955 OMIM:611958 OMIM:611959 ORDO:1331 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126906006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363448003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:399068003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93974005 UMLS_CUI:C0033578 UMLS_CUI:C0376358 NGP - new growth of prostate hereditary prostate cancer malignant tumor of the prostate prostate cancer, familial prostate neoplasm prostatic cancer prostatic neoplasm tumor of the prostate disease_ontology DOID:10283 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. prostate cancer DOID:10283 A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. EFO:0001663 KEGG:05215 NCI:C4863 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154531004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254900004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363448003 UMLS_CUI:C0600139 cancer of prostate carcinoma OF PROSTATE carcinoma of prostate carcinoma of prostate (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:10286 prostate carcinoma DOID:10286 A endocardium disease characterized by inflammation of the endocardium of the heart chambers and valves. DOID:14058 ICD10CM:I33.9 ICD9CM:421.9 MESH:D004696 NCI:C34582 NCI:C35432 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194935007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56819008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:91357005 UMLS_CUI:C0014118 UMLS_CUI:C0375268 disease_ontology DOID:10314 endocarditis DOID:10314 A leukemia that has_material_basis_in lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells). ICD10CM:C91 ICD10CM:C91.9 ICD10CM:C91.90 ICD9CM:204 ICD9CM:204.9 MESH:D007945 NCI:C7539 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154587007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188725004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188731001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190033006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269631008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32280000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93170002 UMLS_CUI:C0023448 disease_ontology DOID:1037 lymphoblastic leukemia DOID:1037 A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Bacteria. ICD10CM:A49 ICD10CM:A49.9 MESH:D001424 MESH:D016905 MESH:D016908 NCI:C2890 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154318005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186470002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187347000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266182006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266187000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:301811001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:87628006 UMLS_CUI:C0004623 disease_ontology DOID:104 bacterial infectious disease DOID:104 A lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. EFO:0000095 ICD10CM:C91.1 ICD10CM:C91.10 ICD9CM:204.1 MESH:D015451 NCI:C3163 OMIM:109543 OMIM:151400 OMIM:609630 OMIM:612557 OMIM:612558 OMIM:612559 ORDO:67038 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154589005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:277473004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:51092000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:92814006 UMLS_CUI:C0023434 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL chronic lymphatic leukemia lymphoplasmacytic leukemia disease_ontology B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia DOID:1040 Xref MGI. chronic lymphocytic leukemia DOID:1040 ICD9CM:204.2 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154590001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188726003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190035004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:33560006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95274002 UMLS_CUI:C0152271 subacute lymphoid leukemia disease_ontology DOID:10747 lymphoid leukemia DOID:10747 An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. EFO:0000537 ICD10CM:I10 ICD10CM:I10-I15 ICD9CM:401-405.99 ICD9CM:997.91 MESH:D006973 NCI:C3117 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155295004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155302005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194756002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194757006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194760004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194794002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195537001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266287006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38341003 UMLS_CUI:C0020538 HTN High blood pressure (& [essential hypertension]) hyperpiesia vascular hypertensive disorder disease_ontology hypertensive disease DOID:10763 hypertension DOID:10763 DOID:10807 DOID:10809 DOID:12047 DOID:12057 DOID:12068 DOID:12069 DOID:12806 DOID:13124 DOID:13125 DOID:241 DOID:242 ICD10CM:K25 ICD9CM:531 MESH:D013276 NCI:C3388 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155681009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155690002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196627009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196642007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196649003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196650003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266436006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397825006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:6034002 UMLS_CUI:C0038358 acute gastric ulcer with haemorrhage and perforation acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND perforation acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND perforation (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND perforation [dup] (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND with perforation but without obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND with perforation but without obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation, with obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation, without mention of obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage, with obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage, with perforation AND with obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with perforation acute gastric ulcer with perforation AND obstruction acute gastric ulcer with perforation AND obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with perforation, with obstruction acute gastric ulcer without hemorrhage and without perforation acute gastric ulcer without hemorrhage, without perforation AND without obstruction acute gastric ulcer without hemorrhage, without perforation AND without obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer without mention of hemorrhage or perforation, without mention of obstruction bleeding acute gastric ulcer chronic gastric ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation chronic gastric ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation but with obstruction chronic gastric ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation but with obstruction (disorder) chronic gastric ulcer without mention of hemorrhage or perforation, with obstruction disease_ontology DOID:10808 gastric ulcer DOID:10808 DOID:12924 DOID:13024 ICD10CM:D57 ICD10CM:D57.1 ICD10CM:D57.2 ICD10CM:D57.20 ICD9CM:282.6 ICD9CM:282.60 ICD9CM:282.63 MESH:D000755 MESH:D006450 NCI:C34383 NCI:C34676 OMIM:603903 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127040003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154798006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191194009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191195005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191199004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276267006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35434009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:417357006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:80046004 UMLS_CUI:C0002895 UMLS_CUI:C0019034 Hb SC disease Hb-S/Hb-C disease Hb-SS disease without crisis Hemoglobin S disease without crisis (disorder) Sickle-cell/Hb-C disease without crisis drepanocytosis hemoglobin SC disease disease_ontology DOID:10923 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. sickle cell anemia DOID:10923 An anxiety disorder that involves unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). ICD10CM:F42 ICD9CM:300.3 MESH:D009771 NCI:C88411 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191736004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191739006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192406007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192411009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:71478004 UMLS_CUI:C0028768 Anancastic neurosis obsessive compulsive disorder disease_ontology DOID:10933 obsessive-compulsive disorder DOID:10933 A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from embryonic mesoderm. DOID:3936 ICD10CM:C49 ICD9CM:171 ICD9CM:171.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187985009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93765001 UMLS_CUI:C0153519 connective and soft tissue neoplasm tumor of soft tissue and skeleton disease_ontology DOID:1115 sarcoma DOID:1115 An opportunistic mycosis that is located_in lungs, but can also occur in eyes, ears, skin, thyroid, pituitary, palate, parathyroid, esophagus, pleura, heart, liver, spleen, small intestine, adrenals, kidneys, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, has_material_basis_in Pneumocystis jirovecii that effects interstitial and alveolar tissues and has_symptom nonproductive cough, has_symptom shortness of breath, and has_symptom fever. ICD10CM:B59 ICD9CM:136.3 MESH:D011020 NCI:C3334 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155557008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:415125002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:57541005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:88860002 UMLS_CUI:C1535939 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Pneumocystis pneumonia Pneumocystosis Pneumocystosis pneumonia pulmonary pneumocystosis (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:11339 pneumocystosis DOID:11339 A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. ICD10CM:I51.9 ICD9CM:429.9 MESH:D006331 NCI:C3079 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155263000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194707003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195152001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266275004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266311004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56265001 UMLS_CUI:C0018799 disease_ontology DOID:114 heart disease DOID:114 A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. DOID:1175 DOID:12322 MESH:D001982 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41427001 UMLS_CUI:C0006261 Bronchospasm disease_ontology DOID:1176 bronchial disease DOID:1176 DOID:11962 ICD10CM:K20 ICD10CM:K20.9 ICD9CM:530.1 ICD9CM:530.10 MESH:D004941 NCI:C9224 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155673008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:16761005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196605000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266498005 UMLS_CUI:C0014868 acute esophagitis disease_ontology DOID:11963 esophagitis DOID:11963 A reproductive organ cancer that is manifested in the female genitals. This includes organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva. DOID:1244 DOID:1281 ICD10CM:C57 ICD9CM:184 MESH:D005833 NCI:C3053 NCI:C4913 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126907002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188207007 UMLS_CUI:C0017416 UMLS_CUI:C0153585 UMLS_CUI:C0699889 female reproductive cancer malignant Gynecologic tumor malignant neoplasm of female genital organ disease_ontology DOID:120 female reproductive organ cancer DOID:120 An immune system disease that is an exaggerated immune response to allergens, such as insect venom, dust mites, pollen, pet dander, drugs or some foods. ICD10CM:T78.40 MESH:D006967 NCI:C3114 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:106190000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127072000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:157754004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:157758001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:212998004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:212999007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21957007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:257550005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269284003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269432007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274211000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:282092005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418168000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418634005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418925002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:421668005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:421961002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:91232002 UMLS_CUI:C0020517 allergic disease allergy hypersensitivity hypersensitivity reaction type I disease disease_ontology DOID:1205 allergic hypersensitivity disease DOID:1205 An opportunistic mycosis that results_in fungal infection and has_material_basis_in Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. ICD10CM:B45 ICD10CM:B45.9 ICD9CM:117.5 MESH:D003453 NCI:C2967 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187090005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187097008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187494009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:20850004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42386007 UMLS_CUI:C0010414 Busse-Buschke's disease European cryptococcosis cryptococcal infection torula torulosis disease_ontology cryptococcus neoformans infection DOID:12053 cryptococcosis DOID:12053 MESH:D014623 NCI:C26910 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156015000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156018003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:25658005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266665005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:286989007 UMLS_CUI:C0042251 disease_ontology DOID:121 vaginal disease DOID:121 An eating disorder characterized by the restraining of food intake for a period of time followed by an over intake or binging period that results in feelings of guilt and low self-esteem. ICD10CM:F50.2 MESH:D002032 NCI:C97162 OMIM:607499 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192013000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192447005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:206939001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78004001 UMLS_CUI:C0006370 hyperorexia nervosa disease_ontology DOID:12129 Xref MGI. bulimia nervosa DOID:12129 An autoimmune disease that is located_in lung, located_in kidney, located_in skin resulting from an autoimmune attack by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against small and medium-size blood vessels. ICD10CM:M31.3 ICD10CM:M31.30 ICD9CM:446.4 MESH:D014890 NCI:C3444 OMIM:608710 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155445002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195353004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23782005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:239934006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266323005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:390001000 UMLS_CUI:C3495801 Granulomatosis - Wegener's Necrotizing respiratory granulomatosis Wegener granulomatosis Wegener's syndrome (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:12132 Wegener's granulomatosis DOID:12132 A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in brain, or located_in meninges, or located_in brain and meninges, has_material_basis_in Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which is transmitted_by common house mouse, Mus musculus. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom lack of appetite, has_symptom headache, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom nausea, and has_symptom vomiting. DOID:10662 ICD10CM:A87.2 ICD9CM:049.0 MESH:D008216 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186495001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192668002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276064006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276817007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38666007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397961002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:398136003 UMLS_CUI:C0024266 UMLS_CUI:C0153014 LCM Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus encephalomyelitis (disorder) Lymphocytic meningitis (disorder) Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:12155 lymphocytic choriomeningitis DOID:12155 An autoimmune disease of endocrine system that involves production of excessive amount of thyroid hormones, located_in thyroid gland. EFO:0004237 ICD10CM:E05.0 MESH:D006111 NCI:C3071 OMIM:275000 OMIM:300351 OMIM:603388 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190240002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:237510004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:237823003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267464006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:353295004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367367004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367449005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38591003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:55807009 UMLS_CUI:C0018213 Grave's disease Graves disease exophthalmic goiter disease_ontology Basedow's disease DOID:12361 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Graves' disease DOID:12361 A parasitic protozoa infectious disease characterized as a vector-borne infectious disease caused by the presence of protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium in the red blood cells, transmitted from an infected to an uninfected individual by the bite of anopheline mosquitoes, and characterized by periodic attacks of chills and fever that coincide with mass destruction of blood cells and the release of toxic substances by the parasite at the end of each reproductive cycle. DOID:12552 EFO:0001068 ICD10CM:B54 ICD9CM:084 ICD9CM:084.6 MESH:D008288 NCI:C34797 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105649009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154374002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186797008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187510004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:248437004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:61462000 UMLS_CUI:C0024530 induced malaria disease_ontology DOID:12365 Xref MGI. malaria DOID:12365 A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. DOID:9145 ICD10CM:C95 ICD10CM:C95.9 ICD10CM:C95.90 ICD9CM:208 ICD9CM:208.9 MESH:D007938 NCI:C3161 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154598008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188762002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188767008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190024009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190025005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190029004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190071003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255049003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:87163000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93143009 UMLS_CUI:C0023418 disease_ontology DOID:1240 leukemia DOID:1240 A cell type benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells. MESH:D007889 NCI:C3157 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189787000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189788005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189793008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:702978006 UMLS_CUI:C0023267 leiomyomatous neoplasm (morphologic abnormality) leiomyomatous tumor disease_ontology DOID:127 leiomyoma DOID:127 MESH:D012002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:5964004 UMLS_CUI:C0034882 disease_ontology DOID:1285 rectal disease DOID:1285 A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. DOID:73 ICD9CM:429.2 MESH:D002318 NCI:C2931 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155263000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194707003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195139006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195594006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266275004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266336005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:49601007 UMLS_CUI:C0007222 disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system disease_ontology DOID:1287 cardiovascular system disease DOID:1287 A central nervous system disease that results_in the progressive deterioration of function or structure of neurons. DOID:4874 ICD10CM:G31.9 MESH:D019636 NCI:C27090 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:362975008 UMLS_CUI:C0524851 UMLS_CUI:C1285162 Neurodegenerative disease degenerative disease disease_ontology DOID:1289 neurodegenerative disease DOID:1289 A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that involves attack of immune cells which destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva. DOID:416 ICD10CM:M35.0 ICD10CM:M35.00 ICD9CM:710.2 MESH:D012859 NCI:C26883 NCI:C70647 OMIM:270150 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156455009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201444003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267875002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268050000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:83901003 UMLS_CUI:C0086981 UMLS_CUI:C1527336 Sicca syndrome Sjogren syndrome xerodermosteosis disease_ontology DOID:12894 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. Sjogren's syndrome DOID:12894 A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. ICD9CM:290.8 UMLS_CUI:C0154319 disease_ontology DOID:1307 dementia DOID:1307 A cystitis characterized by a sudden onset or severe symptoms. ICD10CM:N30.0 ICD9CM:595.0 NCI:C26934 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155883005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197833009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266628008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68226007 UMLS_CUI:C0149523 urinary tract infection disease_ontology DOID:13148 acute cystitis DOID:13148 An arthritis that has_material_basis_in uric acid crystal deposits located_in joint. DOID:14144 EFO:0004274 ICD10CM:M10 ICD10CM:M10.9 ICD9CM:274 ICD9CM:274.0 ICD9CM:274.00 ICD9CM:274.9 MESH:D006073 MESH:D015210 NCI:C34650 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:147966005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154745008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154746009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:170733007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190827003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190828008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190844004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201661008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201662001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201672003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:48440001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:90560007 UMLS_CUI:C0003868 UMLS_CUI:C0018099 Articular gout Gouty arthropathy gouty arthritis disease_ontology DOID:13189 gout DOID:13189 A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. DOID:2125 DOID:2126 DOID:3543 DOID:6649 DOID:911 CSP:2006-2736 ICD10CM:C71 ICD10CM:C71.9 ICD9CM:191 ICD9CM:191.9 ICD9CM:239.6 MESH:D001932 NCI:C2907 NCI:C3568 NCI:C4952 NCI:C4954 NCI:C5115 NCI:C7710 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126952004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154550004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188279009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188305001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189537005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254935002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269610005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:275464006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363356001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:428061005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93727008 UMLS_CUI:C0006118 UMLS_CUI:C0153633 UMLS_CUI:C0220624 UMLS_CUI:C0750974 UMLS_CUI:C0750979 UMLS_CUI:C1334557 BT - Brain tumour adult brain tumor adult malignant brain neoplasm brain neoplasm brain neoplasm, adult malignant brain tumour malignant primary brain neoplasm malignant primary brain tumor malignant tumor of Brain malignant tumor of adult brain neoplasm of brain (disorder) neoplasm of unspecified nature of brain neoplasm of unspecified nature of brain (disorder) primary brain neoplasm primary brain tumor primary malignant neoplasm of brain (disorder) tumor of the Brain disease_ontology DOID:1319 brain cancer DOID:1319 A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung. DOID:13075 DOID:1322 DOID:9881 ICD10CM:C34.1 ICD10CM:C34.2 ICD10CM:C34.3 ICD9CM:162.3 ICD9CM:162.4 ICD9CM:162.5 ICD9CM:162.8 OMIM:211980 OMIM:608935 OMIM:612571 OMIM:612593 OMIM:614210 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187860004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187863002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187864008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187867001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187868006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187871003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187874006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269464000 UMLS_CUI:C0024624 UMLS_CUI:C0153491 UMLS_CUI:C0153492 UMLS_CUI:C0153493 disease_ontology lung neoplasm DOID:1324 lung cancer DOID:1324 A gastrointestinal system disease described as the condition of having frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause severe dehydration which is one cause of death in diarrhea sufferers. Along with water, sufferers also lose dangerous amounts of important salts, electrolytes, and other nutrients. There are at least four types of diarrhea: secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea, motility-related diarrhea, and inflammatory diarrhea. DOID:0050006 ICD9CM:009.2 MESH:D003967 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111939009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154268000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154279005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186165000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186167008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:19213003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:236076004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266173000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266180003 UMLS_CUI:C0013369 disease_ontology diarrhea of presumed infectious origin diarrhoea DOID:13250 diarrhea DOID:13250 MESH:D010254 NCI:C26843 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195823002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:7393007 UMLS_CUI:C0030469 disorder of nasal sinus disease_ontology DOID:1352 paranasal sinus disease DOID:1352 An opportunistic mycosis that involves a spectrum of diseases of humans and animals caused by members of the genus Aspergillus infecting lungs, brain, kidney,heart, bone, eyes, sinuses, skin and gastrointestinal tract. It is a serious illnesses in people with a weakened immune system. CSP:1988-4002 ICD10CM:B44 ICD10CM:B44.9 ICD9CM:117.3 MESH:D001228 NCI:C2886 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154408001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187087004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187492008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266218008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:65553006 UMLS_CUI:C0004030 Infection due to Aspergillus disease_ontology DOID:13564 aspergillosis DOID:13564 ICD9CM:530.11 MESH:D004942 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155673008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196600005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266498005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54856001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:57643001 UMLS_CUI:C0014869 Peptic esophagitis Peptic reflux disease Reflux oesophagitis reflux esophagitis disease_ontology DOID:13976 peptic esophagitis DOID:13976 A disease by infectious agent that is carried out by a parasite which by definition is a pathogen that simultaneously injures and derives sustenance from its host. DOID:11681 DOID:13509 DOID:1396 DOID:1494 DOID:2114 DOID:2293 DOID:2922 DOID:3564 DOID:4191 DOID:886 DOID:948 DOID:9639 DOID:9644 ICD10CM:H44.12 ICD9CM:360.13 NCI:C34587 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193273005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:57100005 UMLS_CUI:C0014238 Ectoparasitic disease parasitemia disease_ontology DOID:1398 parasitic infectious disease DOID:1398 A large intestine cancer that is located_in the anus. DOID:12240 ICD10CM:C21.0 ICD10CM:C21.1 ICD9CM:154.2 ICD9CM:154.3 NCI:C7379 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187762000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187764004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363352004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363490009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93669004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93676009 UMLS_CUI:C0153445 UMLS_CUI:C0153446 anal cancer malignant anal tumor disease_ontology DOID:14110 anus cancer DOID:14110 An anxiety disorder that is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation. ICD10CM:F41.1 ICD9CM:300.02 NCI:C92622 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191706008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192401002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21897009 UMLS_CUI:C0270549 disease_ontology DOID:14320 generalized anxiety disorder DOID:14320 A synucleinopathy that has_material_basis_in degeneration of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions. EFO:0002508 ICD10CM:G20 ICD9CM:332 ICD9CM:332.0 KEGG:05012 MESH:D010300 NCI:C26845 OMIM:168600 OMIM:300557 OMIM:556500 OMIM:602404 OMIM:606852 OMIM:613164 ORDO:2828 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154999006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155000006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155002003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192825001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192831003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:49049000 UMLS_CUI:C0030567 Parkinson disease paralysis agitans disease_ontology DOID:14330 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Parkinson's disease DOID:14330 A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. DOID:0000818 cell process disease neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:14566 disease of cellular proliferation DOID:14566 ICD10CM:N41 ICD10CM:N41.9 ICD9CM:601 ICD9CM:601.9 MESH:D011472 NCI:C26866 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155907007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155911001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197962006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197971002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266637008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9713002 UMLS_CUI:C0033581 disease_ontology DOID:14654 prostatitis DOID:14654 An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. DOID:10614 DOID:2240 DOID:2241 DOID:7580 ICD10CM:F32 ICD10CM:F32.9 ICD10CM:F33 ICD10CM:F33.9 ICD9CM:296.2 ICD9CM:296.20 ICD9CM:296.3 ICD9CM:296.30 MESH:D003865 NCI:C34796 OMIM:608520 OMIM:608691 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191599006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191600009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191607007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191608002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191609005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191617002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192366006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268620009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268621008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:36923009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:66344007 UMLS_CUI:C0024517 UMLS_CUI:C0154409 recurrent major depression single major depressive episode disease_ontology DOID:1470 Xref MGI. major depressive disorder DOID:1470 An autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many organs. DOID:12447 DOID:13383 DOID:14395 DOID:1484 ICD10CM:E84 ICD10CM:E84.9 ICD9CM:277.0 MESH:D003550 NCI:C2975 OMIM:219700 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154767009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190905008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190911006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85809002 UMLS_CUI:C0010674 CF mucoviscidosis disease_ontology DOID:1485 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. cystic fibrosis DOID:1485 A sensory system disease that is located_in the eye or the adnexa of the eye. ICD10CM:H35.00 ICD9CM:362.10 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193355009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:31411005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42873008 UMLS_CUI:C0004608 disease_ontology DOID:1492 eye and adnexa disease DOID:1492 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in reproductive system organs. DOID:6309 NCI:C27613 UMLS_CUI:C1335037 genital system disease disease_ontology DOID:15 reproductive system disease DOID:15 A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. ICD10CM:F99 ICD10CM:F99-F99 MESH:D001523 NCI:C2893 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154843007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154971002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154972009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154980002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192637001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192639003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74732009 UMLS_CUI:C0004936 disease_ontology DOID:150 disease of mental health DOID:150 An opportunistic mycosis that involves fungal infection of the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs, heart and brain by Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common. Systemic Candida infections are usually confined to severely immunocompromised persons. DOID:1507 ICD10CM:B37 ICD10CM:B37.9 ICD9CM:112 ICD9CM:112.9 MESH:D002177 NCI:C26711 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154403005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187005005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187024008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187478002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78048006 UMLS_CUI:C0006840 Disseminated candidiasis systemic candidiasis disease_ontology DOID:1508 candidiasis DOID:1508 A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. ICD10CM:F09 MESH:D019965 NCI:C34870 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:106014008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111479008 UMLS_CUI:C0029227 cognitive disease disease_ontology Organic Mental disorder DOID:1561 cognitive disorder DOID:1561 A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body. ICD10CM:B35-B49 ICD10CM:B49 ICD9CM:110-118.99 MESH:D009181 NCI:C3245 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154393000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154394006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187110007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187472001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187498007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266214005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:3218000 UMLS_CUI:C0026946 mycosis disease_ontology mycoses DOID:1564 fungal infectious disease DOID:1564 A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that involves inflammation or pain in the muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue. disease_ontology DOID:1575 rheumatic disease DOID:1575 A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. DOID:3226 ICD10CM:J96-J99 ICD10CM:J98 ICD9CM:510-519.99 ICD9CM:519 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155603009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196057004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196184000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196255004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266373008 UMLS_CUI:C0029582 disease_ontology DOID:1579 respiratory system disease DOID:1579 DOID:14672 ICD10CM:F32.9 ICD10CM:F33.9 MESH:D003863 NCI:C2982 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154963001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192372006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:307537002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41006004 UMLS_CUI:C0011570 disease_ontology DOID:1596 mental depression DOID:1596 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the integumentary system comprising the skin and its appendages. disease_ontology DOID:16 integumentary system disease DOID:16 A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. DOID:1648 DOID:4241 ICD10CM:C50 ICD10CM:C50-C50 ICD9CM:174.8 MESH:D001943 NCI:C2910 NCI:C9335 OMIM:114480 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126926005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154521006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190121004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254837009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269595005 UMLS_CUI:C0006142 UMLS_CUI:C0153555 UMLS_CUI:C1458155 breast tumor malignant neoplasm of breast malignant tumor of the breast mammary cancer mammary tumor primary breast cancer disease_ontology mammary neoplasm DOID:1612 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. breast cancer DOID:1612 NCI:C5193 UMLS_CUI:C1332492 benign Eccrine breast Spiradenoma disease_ontology DOID:1616 benign eccrine breast spiradenoma DOID:1616 A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. ICD10CM:C80 ICD10CM:C80.1 ICD9CM:199 MESH:D009369 NCI:C9305 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154432008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154433003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154577008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187597000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188475001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188482002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190150006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269513004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269623003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269626006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269634000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363346000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38807002 UMLS_CUI:C0006826 malignant neoplasm malignant tumor primary cancer disease_ontology DOID:162 Updating out dated UMLS CUI. cancer DOID:162 ICD10CM:N30 ICD10CM:N30.9 ICD9CM:595 ICD9CM:595.9 MESH:D003556 NCI:C26738 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155882000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155885003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197857009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266629000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38822007 UMLS_CUI:C0010692 disease_ontology DOID:1679 cystitis DOID:1679 A disease of anatomical entity that occurs in the muscular and/or skeletal system. MESH:D009140 NCI:C107377 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156881000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268047003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268142006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274149006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:928000 UMLS_CUI:C0026857 disease_ontology DOID:17 musculoskeletal system disease DOID:17 An organ system cancer located_in endocrine system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the hormone producing glands of the endocrine system. DOID:10009 ICD10CM:C75.9 ICD9CM:194.9 MESH:D004701 NCI:C3010 NCI:C3575 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127015005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190140005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363347009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371982006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:387922007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:387927001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93780007 UMLS_CUI:C0014132 UMLS_CUI:C0153658 Endocrine tumor endocrine neoplasm malignant Endocrine tumor malignant neoplasm of endocrine gland malignant tumour of endocrine gland neoplasm of endocrine gland (disorder) neoplasm of endocrine system (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:170 endocrine gland cancer DOID:170 DOID:10297 DOID:11480 DOID:12880 DOID:13836 DOID:1723 DOID:9780 DOID:9781 DOID:9782 DOID:9783 ICD10CM:K26 ICD9CM:532 MESH:D004381 NCI:C26755 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155691003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155700000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196651004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196669008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196672001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196679005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196680008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:235703009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367474008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:39755000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:51868009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:553009 UMLS_CUI:C0010474 UMLS_CUI:C0013295 Curling Ulcer Curling's ulcers Stress Ulcer disease_ontology DOID:1724 Adding UMLS CUI for Curling Ulcer C0013295. duodenal ulcer DOID:1724 A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. DOID:0000405 DOID:2403 DOID:2869 DOID:324 DOID:325 DOID:45 ICD10CM:I72.9 ICD9CM:442.9 MESH:D000783 MESH:D014652 MESH:D020758 MESH:D020760 NCI:C26693 NCI:C35117 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134342004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155425005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155428007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195292009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:27550009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:362727005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371029002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:432119003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85659009 UMLS_CUI:C0002940 UMLS_CUI:C0042373 UMLS_CUI:C0752127 UMLS_CUI:C0752130 vascular tissue disease disease_ontology DOID:178 vascular disease DOID:178 An endocrine gland cancer located_in the pancreas. DOID:14356 DOID:1797 DOID:3588 DOID:9859 ICD10CM:C25.0 ICD10CM:C25.1 ICD10CM:C25.2 ICD9CM:157.0 ICD9CM:157.1 ICD9CM:157.2 ICD9CM:157.8 KEGG:05212 MESH:D010190 NCI:C3305 ORDO:1333 ORDO:217074 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126859007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154476001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154477005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154478000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187791002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187792009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187796007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269553001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269554007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269555008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363419009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93715005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93823001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94082003 UMLS_CUI:C0030297 UMLS_CUI:C0153458 UMLS_CUI:C0153459 UMLS_CUI:C0153460 UMLS_CUI:C0153463 Ca body of pancreas Ca head of pancreas Ca tail of pancreas malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas malignant neoplasm of head of pancreas malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas pancreas neoplasm pancreatic neoplasm pancreatic tumor disease_ontology DOID:1793 Xref MGI. pancreatic cancer DOID:1793 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. DOID:579 NCI:C27599 UMLS_CUI:C1335051 Non-neoplastic urinary tract disease urinary tract disease disease_ontology DOID:18 urinary system disease DOID:18 A brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions. EFO:0000474 ICD10CM:G40.9 ICD10CM:G40.909 ICD9CM:345.9 MESH:D004827 NCI:C3020 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128613002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155036009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155045005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193026007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:246545002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267593008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267698007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:271788002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:313307000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:84757009 UMLS_CUI:C0014544 epilepsy syndrome epileptic syndrome disease_ontology DOID:1826 epilepsy DOID:1826 A connective tissue cancer that is located_in bone and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation that destroys normal bone tissue. DOID:3348 CSP:2019-1041 MESH:D001859 NCI:C9343 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:115239009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126537000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:240201007 UMLS_CUI:C0005967 CA - bone cancer bone neoplasm bone tumour malignant bone neoplasm malignant bone tumour malignant neoplasm of bone malignant osseous tumor neoplasm of bone osseous tumor disease_ontology DOID:184 bone cancer DOID:184 EFO:0004234 Sexual impotence (finding) erectile dysfunction disease_ontology DOID:1875 impotence DOID:1875 ICD10CM:F52.9 ICD10CM:R37 MESH:D012735 NCI:C3347 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:225723003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:231532002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:39894007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56925008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:65655009 UMLS_CUI:C0549622 disease_ontology DOID:1876 sexual dysfunction DOID:1876 A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis C virus, which is transmitted_by blood from an infected person enters the body of an uninfected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice. DOID:12430 DOID:12432 DOID:2049 EFO:0003047 ICD10CM:B19.2 ICD10CM:B19.20 ICD9CM:070.7 MESH:D006526 MESH:D019698 NCI:C3098 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123324009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154349000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186634008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186643004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:50711007 UMLS_CUI:C0019196 NANBH Viral hepatitis C chronic hepatitis C hepatitis C infection hepatitis nonA nonB disease_ontology DOID:1883 hepatitis C DOID:1883 A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. EFO:0000756 KEGG:05218 MESH:D008545 NCI:C3224 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154501005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189749008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:2092003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269503007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269577007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372244006 UMLS_CUI:C0025202 Naevocarcinoma malignant melanoma disease_ontology DOID:1909 melanoma DOID:1909 A sphingolipidosis characterized by deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase which results in the accumulation of harmful quantities of the glycolipid glucocerebroside throughout the body, especially within the bone marrow, spleen and liver. ICD10CM:E75.22 MESH:D005776 NCI:C61268 ORDO:355 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:180485001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190794006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:2859005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:62201009 UMLS_CUI:C0017205 Gaucher disease acid beta-glucosidase deficiency glocucerebrosidase deficiency glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase deficiency kerasin thesaurismosis lipoid histiocytosis (kerasin type) disease_ontology DOID:1926 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Gaucher's disease DOID:1926 ICD10CM:E75.3 MESH:D013106 NCI:C117254 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:238028008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:58459009 UMLS_CUI:C0037899 Sphingolipidosis (disorder) Sphingolipidosis, NOS sphingolipidoses disease_ontology DOID:1927 sphingolipidosis DOID:1927 An organ system cancer that is manifested in the reproductive organs. DOID:1900 NCI:C3674 UMLS_CUI:C0178830 Reproductive tumor malignant reproductive system neoplasm disease_ontology cancer of reproductive system DOID:193 reproductive organ cancer DOID:193 A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that is caused by singled-celled protozoan parasites Trichomonas vaginalis or Trichomonas tenax, which infect the urogenital tract and mouth respectively. DOID:10996 ICD10CM:A59 ICD10CM:A59.9 ICD9CM:131 ICD9CM:131.9 MESH:D014245 NCI:C35720 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105648001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187206001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187364002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56335008 UMLS_CUI:C0040921 disease_ontology trichomonas infection DOID:1947 trichomoniasis DOID:1947 A musculoskeletal system cancer that is located_in connective tissue. MESH:D009372 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126598008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254821003 UMLS_CUI:C0027656 Tumour of connective tissue connective tissue neoplasm neoplasm of connective tissues disease_ontology DOID:201 connective tissue cancer DOID:201 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. DOID:12884 ICD10CM:F41.9 ICD9CM:300.09 MESH:D001008 NCI:C2878 OMIM:607834 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191703000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192405006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197480006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:65673007 UMLS_CUI:C0003469 UMLS_CUI:C0154455 anxiety anxiety state disease_ontology DOID:2030 anxiety disorder DOID:2030 A specific developmental disorder that involves specific developmental disorders of speech and language. ICD10CM:F80.9 MESH:D003147 NCI:C2958 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:278919001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74825008 UMLS_CUI:C0009460 disease_ontology DOID:2033 communication disorder DOID:2033 A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by blood transfusions, and transmitted_by fomites like needles or syringes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice. DOID:12591 DOID:12592 DOID:2042 EFO:0004197 MESH:D006509 MESH:D019694 NCI:C3097 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154348008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186625003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266195001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:66071002 UMLS_CUI:C0019163 chronic hepatitis B hepatitis B infection disease_ontology Serum hepatitis DOID:2043 hepatitis B DOID:2043 An anxiety disorder which results from a traumatic experience that results in psychological trauma. ICD10CM:F43.1 ICD10CM:F43.10 ICD9CM:309.81 MESH:D013313 NCI:C3389 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192415000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:47505003 UMLS_CUI:C0038436 traumatic neurosis disease_ontology post-traumatic stress disorder DOID:2055 post-traumatic stress disorder DOID:2055 DOID:10769 ICD9CM:616.1 ICD9CM:616.10 MESH:D014627 NCI:C26911 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155981006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198212006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198213001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198223005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:30800001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:393596009 UMLS_CUI:C0042267 UMLS_CUI:C0042268 disease_ontology DOID:2170 vaginitis DOID:2170 A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon. ICD10CM:C18 ICD10CM:C18.9 ICD9CM:153 ICD9CM:153.9 MESH:D003110 NCI:C9242 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154463007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187759003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269461008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269542007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363406005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93761005 UMLS_CUI:C0007102 disease_ontology DOID:219 colon cancer DOID:219 A disease characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality. MESH:D013577 NCI:C28193 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64572001 UMLS_CUI:C0039082 disease_ontology DOID:225 syndrome DOID:225 A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the vaginal mucous membranes in women caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms include intense vulval pruritus, burning, erythema and dyspareunia associated with a creamy white, curd-like discharge. ICD10CM:B37.3 ICD9CM:112.1 MESH:D002181 NCI:C2914 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154404004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187009004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266155003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:72605008 UMLS_CUI:C0700345 Candidal vulvovaginitis Candidal vulvovaginitis (disorder) Candidal vulvovaginitis NOS (disorder) Candidal: [vulvovaginitis NOS] or [cervix] Candidiasis of vulva and vagina Monilial vulvovaginitis Vulvovaginal Candidiasis disease_ontology DOID:2272 vulvovaginal candidiasis DOID:2272 An endocrine system disease that is located_in the gonads. MESH:D006058 NCI:C26786 UMLS_CUI:C0018050 disease_ontology DOID:2277 gonadal disease DOID:2277 A reproductive system disease that impairs the ability to reproduce and is located in the uterus, vagina, cervix, ovaries or fallopian tubes. ICD9CM:629.9 MESH:D005831 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156032001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156066005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198486002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:244938009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266680004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:310789003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38233001 UMLS_CUI:C0017411 disease_ontology DOID:229 female reproductive system disease DOID:229 ICD10CM:I25.1 ICD10CM:I70 ICD9CM:440 MESH:D050197 NCI:C34403 NCI:C35768 NCI:C35771 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155382007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155414001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194848007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195121002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195251000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266318005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38716007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:39468009 UMLS_CUI:C0004153 UMLS_CUI:C3665365 Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular disease Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, NOS Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular arteriosclerosis unspecified (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:2348 arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease DOID:2348 An artery disease that is characterized by a thickening and hardening of arterial walls in the arteries. CSP:0571-2299 ICD10CM:I70 MESH:D001161 NCI:C34398 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:107671003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155414001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155418003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195251000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195257001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266318005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:28960008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:72092001 UMLS_CUI:C0003850 Arteriosclerosis (morphologic abnormality) Arteriosclerosis NOS Arteriosclerotic vascular disease (disorder) Arteriosclerotic vascular disease NOS disease_ontology DOID:2349 arteriosclerosis DOID:2349 A demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. EFO:0003885 ICD10CM:G35 ICD9CM:340 MESH:D009103 NCI:C3243 OMIM:612594 OMIM:612595 OMIM:612596 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155023009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192928003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192930001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:24700007 UMLS_CUI:C0026769 Generalized multiple sclerosis (disorder) insular sclerosis disease_ontology DOID:2377 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. multiple sclerosis DOID:2377 A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. DOID:0060070 DOID:2144 DOID:9595 ICD10CM:C56 ICD9CM:183.0 MESH:D010051 NCI:C4984 NCI:C7431 OMIM:167000 OMIM:607893 ORDO:213517 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123843001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154528000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363443007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372117006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93934004 UMLS_CUI:C0919267 UMLS_CUI:C1140680 UMLS_CUI:C1299247 malignant Ovarian tumor malignant tumour of ovary ovarian neoplasm ovary neoplasm primary ovarian cancer tumor of the Ovary disease_ontology DOID:2394 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. ovarian cancer DOID:2394 A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. EFO:0000677 ICD9CM:298.8 UMLS_CUI:C0029516 mental or behavioural disorder disease_ontology DOID:2468 psychotic disorder DOID:2468 A systemic mycosis that results_in fungal infection located_in human body of immunocompromised individuals, has_material_basis_in Fungi. The organisms invade via the respiratory tract, alimentary tract, or intravascular devices. DOID:0050137 ICD9CM:118 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187108005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78999002 UMLS_CUI:C0029119 Opportunistic mycoses (disorder) Opportunistic mycosis (disorder) opportunistic systemic mycoses disease_ontology DOID:2473 opportunistic mycosis DOID:2473 DOID:2487 hypercholesterolemia An immune system cancer located_in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. DOID:1034 DOID:2532 MESH:D019337 NCI:C27134 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414388001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414644002 UMLS_CUI:C0376544 Hematologic malignancy Hematologic malignancy (disorder) Hematologic neoplasm (disorder) Hematological tumors blood cancer hematopoietic and lymphoid system tumor hematopoietic cancer hematopoietic neoplasm (morphologic abnormality) hematopoietic tumors malignant hematopoietic neoplasm (morphologic abnormality) disease_ontology DOID:2531 hematologic cancer DOID:2531 An endocrine system disease that is located_in the pancreas. ICD10CM:K86.8 ICD9CM:577.8 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197566002 UMLS_CUI:C0029771 disease_ontology DOID:26 pancreas disease DOID:26 A urinary system cancer that is located_in the kidney. DOID:11834 DOID:3676 ICD10CM:C64 ICD9CM:189.0 MESH:D007680 NCI:C120456 NCI:C3150 NCI:C7548 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126880001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154542008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188249002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363518003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93849006 UMLS_CUI:C0022665 UMLS_CUI:C0494158 UMLS_CUI:C0740457 malignant neoplasm of kidney except pelvis malignant tumour of kidney renal cancer disease_ontology DOID:263 kidney cancer DOID:263 A parasitic infectious disease that is caused by parasitic protozoa which are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes. DOID:0060003 DOID:10553 DOID:3734 DOID:3804 DOID:947 ICD10CM:B50-B64 ICD10CM:B64 MESH:D011528 NCI:C34953 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187247003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187502000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187517001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:240627001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367372008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:89933001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95896000 UMLS_CUI:C0033740 mastigophora infectious disease sarcomastigophora infectious disease disease_ontology DOID:2789 parasitic protozoa infectious disease DOID:2789 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. ICD10CM:E34.9 ICD9CM:259.9 MESH:D004700 NCI:C3009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118639003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127345001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154648001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154690007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154718007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190231001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190594008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267462005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267475005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267489000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:362969004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:67432001 UMLS_CUI:C0014130 disease_ontology DOID:28 endocrine system disease DOID:28 MESH:D009668 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:89488007 UMLS_CUI:C0028432 disorder of the nose (disorder) nasal disorder disease_ontology DOID:2825 nose disease DOID:2825 A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The disease has_symptom recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), has_symptom chest tightness, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom mucus production and has_symptom coughing. The symptoms appear due to a variety of triggers such as allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, weather changes, exercise, stress, reflux disease, medications, foods and emotional anxiety. DOID:12703 DOID:13829 DOID:13830 DOID:2840 DOID:5783 EFO:0000270 ICD10CM:J45 ICD10CM:J45.90 ICD10CM:J45.909 ICD9CM:493 ICD9CM:493.9 KEGG:05310 MESH:D001249 NCI:C28397 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155574008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155579003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187687003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195967001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195979001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195983001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21341004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266365004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266398009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:278517007 UMLS_CUI:C0004096 Exercise induced asthma bronchial hyperreactivity chronic obstructive asthma chronic obstructive asthma with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive asthma with status asthmaticus exercise-induced asthma disease_ontology DOID:2841 Xref MGI. asthma DOID:2841 A chronic lymphocytic leukemia that is characterized by over production of B cells (lymphocytes) by the bone marrow where the B cells appear hairy under a microscope. ICD10CM:C91.4 ICD10CM:C91.40 ICD9CM:202.4 MESH:D007943 NCI:C7402 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118613001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188644003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188653005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190066005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54087003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85228003 UMLS_CUI:C0023443 disease_ontology DOID:285 hairy cell leukemia DOID:285 A female reproductive system disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine body. EFO:0001065 ICD10CM:N80 ICD10CM:N80.9 ICD9CM:617 ICD9CM:617.9 MESH:D004715 NCI:C3014 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:103677003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:11871002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:129103003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155988000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198246007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198259004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266588002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:396224008 UMLS_CUI:C0014175 disease_ontology DOID:289 endometriosis DOID:289 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the immune system. EFO:0000540 ICD10CM:D89.9 ICD9CM:279 ICD9CM:279.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154782004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191015009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191019003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191035005 UMLS_CUI:C0041806 disease_ontology DOID:2914 immune system disease DOID:2914 A tuberculosis that is a contagious disease located_in lungs. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom cough, has_symptom difficulty in breathing, has_symptom inflammatory infiltrations, has_symptom formation of tubercles, has_symptom caseation, has_symptom pleural effusion, and has_symptom fibrosis. ICD10CM:A15 ICD10CM:A15.0 ICD9CM:011 ICD9CM:011.9 ICD9CM:011.90 MESH:D014397 NCI:C26899 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154283005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186180006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397190009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:700272008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:81483001 UMLS_CUI:C0041327 disease_ontology DOID:2957 pulmonary tuberculosis DOID:2957 A carcinoma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from epithelial cells, which originate in glandular tissue. CSP:2000-0386 MESH:D000230 NCI:C2852 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189578007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189582009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35917007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:443961001 UMLS_CUI:C0001418 adenocarcinomas disease_ontology DOID:299 adenocarcinoma DOID:299 A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. DOID:2157 MESH:D009373 NCI:C3708 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:115233005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189839002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189854008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:28307001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:302853003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:402878003 UMLS_CUI:C0205851 malignant tumor of the germ cell disease_ontology germ cell neoplasm germ cell tumour DOID:2994 germ cell cancer DOID:2994 A male reproductive system cancer that is located_in the testicles. DOID:12231 DOID:5554 ICD10CM:C62 ICD10CM:C62.9 ICD10CM:C62.90 ICD9CM:186 MESH:D013736 NCI:C3404 NCI:C5053 NCI:C7251 OMIM:273300 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126900000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188228003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:236778008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269472003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363449006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94087009 UMLS_CUI:C0039590 UMLS_CUI:C0153594 UMLS_CUI:C1333010 childhood neoplasm of the testis neoplasm of testis (disorder) pediatric testicular neoplasm testicular tumor testicular tumor (disorder) testis cancer testis neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:2998 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. testicular cancer DOID:2998 A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. DOID:2428 DOID:6570 CSP:2000-1867 MESH:D002277 MESH:D009375 NCI:C2916 NCI:C3709 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118285006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134207000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154433003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188083002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189546004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189549006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189559007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269513004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68453008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:71298006 UMLS_CUI:C0007097 UMLS_CUI:C0553707 UMLS_CUI:C1368683 epithelioma malignant Epithelioma disease_ontology DOID:305 carcinoma DOID:305 An organ system cancer located_in the nervous system that affects the central or peripheral nervous system. DOID:1193 DOID:3195 DOID:4695 ICD9CM:192 ICD9CM:192.9 MESH:D009380 NCI:C35562 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188306000 UMLS_CUI:C0027665 UMLS_CUI:C0153643 UMLS_CUI:C1334956 malignant neoplasm of nervous system neoplasm of nervous system (disorder) nervous system neoplasm neural neoplasm neural tumor tumor of the nervous system disease_ontology DOID:3093 nervous system cancer DOID:3093 A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the liver and/or biliary tract. NCI:C3959 UMLS_CUI:C0267792 liver and biliary tract disease disease_ontology DOID:3118 hepatobiliary disease DOID:3118 An organ system cancer located_in gastrointestinal tract that is manifested in organs of the gastrointestinal system. DOID:4945 DOID:8377 ICD10CM:C26.9 ICD9CM:239.0 MESH:D004067 MESH:D005770 NCI:C3052 NCI:C4890 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126768004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128348002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128415001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189527000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276806006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367543008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:428905002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93811007 UMLS_CUI:C0012243 UMLS_CUI:C0017185 UMLS_CUI:C0685938 GI tumor digestive system cancer gastrointestinal tract cancer disease_ontology DOID:3119 gastrointestinal system cancer DOID:3119 DOID:11479 DOID:11993 MESH:D001004 NCI:C26695 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32110003 UMLS_CUI:C0003462 Nontraumatic tear of anus Solitary anal ulcer Ulcer of anus anal disease anal fissure anal fissure and fistula anal ulcer fissure in ano disease_ontology DOID:3128 anus disease DOID:3128 An inherited metabolic disorder that involve an abnormal accumulation of substances inside the lysosome resulting from defects in lysosomal function. MESH:D016464 NCI:C61250 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23585005 UMLS_CUI:C0085078 disorder of lysosomal enzyme (disorder) inborn lysosomal enzyme disorder lysosomal storage metabolism disorder disease_ontology DOID:3211 lysosomal storage disease DOID:3211 MESH:D003711 NCI:C34527 UMLS_CUI:C0011303 demyelinating disorder disease_ontology DOID:3213 demyelinating disease DOID:3213 A nervous system disease that affects either the spinal cord (myelopathy) or brain (encephalopathy) of the central nervous system. ICD10CM:G96.9 MESH:D002493 NCI:C2934 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:138748005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154981003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155049004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155059003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192641002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193076009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194566008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23853001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267144009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267679005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267700003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267702006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:275539005 UMLS_CUI:C0007682 disease_ontology DOID:331 central nervous system disease DOID:331 A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. DOID:3311 DOID:9554 DOID:9555 EFO:0000289 ICD10CM:F31 ICD10CM:F31.9 ICD9CM:296.40 ICD9CM:296.60 ICD9CM:296.80 MESH:D001714 NCI:C34423 NCI:C34424 NCI:C34805 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:13746004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154871001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:16506000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191627008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191646009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191647000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191654006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192355004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192365005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268749008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68569003 UMLS_CUI:C0005586 UMLS_CUI:C0005587 UMLS_CUI:C0024713 UMLS_CUI:C0236780 Manic Bipolar Affective disorder Manic Depressive disorder Manic bipolar I disorder bipolar depression bipolar disorder manic phase manic depression manic disorder mixed bipolar disorder disease_ontology Depressive-manic psych. DOID:3312 bipolar disorder DOID:3312 DOID:3682 NCI:C38153 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:277844007 UMLS_CUI:C0349649 lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis lymphangiomyomatosis pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis disease_ontology DOID:3319 lymphangioleiomyomatosis DOID:3319 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. EFO:0004247 ICD10CM:F30-F39 ICD10CM:F39 MESH:D019964 NCI:C92200 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192348001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192391006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268713007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:46206005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74421008 UMLS_CUI:C0525045 episodic mood disorder disease_ontology DOID:3324 Updating outdated UMLS CUI. mood disorder DOID:3324 A bone disease that results_in inflammation of the located_in bone. MESH:D010000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156780005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274144001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363172002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:44462005 UMLS_CUI:C0029400 Inflammatory disorder of bone bone inflammatory disease osteitis disease_ontology DOID:3342 bone inflammation disease DOID:3342 A bone cancer that is located_in bone that has_material_basis_in cells of mesenchymal origin. DOID:183 MESH:D012516 MESH:D018213 NCI:C9145 OMIM:259500 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189878003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21708004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:307576001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:408387006 UMLS_CUI:C0029463 UMLS_CUI:C0206639 Osteogenic sarcoma Skeletal sarcoma bone tissue neoplasm osteoid sarcoma disease_ontology DOID:3347 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. osteosarcoma DOID:3347 A connective tissue cancer that has_material_basis_in fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. DOID:156 DOID:3509 MESH:D005354 MESH:D018218 NCI:C3043 NCI:C6605 NCI:C7075 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:443250000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53654007 UMLS_CUI:C0016057 UMLS_CUI:C0206643 UMLS_CUI:C1336021 Fibrocytic tumor fibrosarcoma of soft tissue fibrous tissue neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:3355 fibrosarcoma DOID:3355 A vaginitis that is characterized by a grayish vaginal discharge usually of foul odor and the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis. MESH:D016585 NCI:C116973 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155981006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198221007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:237092002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:419760006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85569008 UMLS_CUI:C0085166 disease_ontology DOID:3385 bacterial vaginosis DOID:3385 An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. DOID:10506 DOID:3363 DOID:3394 DOID:9420 EFO:0001645 ICD10CM:I20-I25 ICD10CM:I25 ICD10CM:I25.1 ICD10CM:I25.10 ICD10CM:I25.9 ICD10CM:K76.1 ICD9CM:410-414.99 ICD9CM:414.0 ICD9CM:414.9 MESH:D003324 MESH:D003327 MESH:D017202 NCI:C35505 NCI:C50625 OMIM:300464 OMIM:607339 OMIM:608316 OMIM:608318 OMIM:608320 OMIM:610947 OMIM:611139 OMIM:612030 OMIM:614293 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155303000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155315001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155316000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155318004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155322009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194795001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194841001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194852007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194878003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195540001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233822007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:2610009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266231003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266290000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266291001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:271430002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32598000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:413838009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:413844008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414545008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414795007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41702007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:443502000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53741008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:84537008 UMLS_CUI:C0010054 UMLS_CUI:C0010068 UMLS_CUI:C0151744 UMLS_CUI:C0264694 CHD (coronary heart disease) Coronary disease coronary arteriosclerosis coronary heart disease disease_ontology DOID:3393 Xref MGI. coronary artery disease DOID:3393 NCI:C7073 UMLS_CUI:C1368019 Paget cell neoplasm Paget's disease Paget's disease of the breast mammary Paget disease disease_ontology DOID:3443 mammary Paget's disease DOID:3443 NCI:C5598 UMLS_CUI:C1332274 Paget's disease of anus anal Paget disease disease_ontology Paget's disease of the anus DOID:3446 anal Paget's disease DOID:3446 An anal carcinoma that originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland and derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. NCI:C5600 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:423607006 UMLS_CUI:C1332257 adenocarcinoma of anus disease_ontology adenocarcinoma of the anus DOID:3447 anus adenocarcinoma DOID:3447 A breast carcinoma that originates in the milk ducts and/or lobules (glandular tissue) of the breast. NCI:C5214 UMLS_CUI:C0858252 Mammary adenocarcinoma disease_ontology adenocarcinoma of breast DOID:3458 breast adenocarcinoma DOID:3458 A breast cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. EFO:0000305 NCI:C4872 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154513000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254838004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:286898006 UMLS_CUI:C0678222 Mammary carcinoma carcinoma of breast disease_ontology DOID:3459 breast carcinoma DOID:3459 A thoracic disease that is located_in the breast. ICD10CM:N60-N65 ICD10CM:N64.9 ICD9CM:610-612.99 ICD9CM:611.9 MESH:D001941 NCI:C26709 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155946009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155962003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155966000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198129001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198566004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266647006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:79604008 UMLS_CUI:C0006145 disease_ontology DOID:3463 breast disease DOID:3463 MESH:D034721 NCI:C9235 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123310005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397016004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:50150000 UMLS_CUI:C0221013 SMCD - systemic mast cell disease systemic tissue mast cell disease disease_ontology DOID:349 systemic mastocytosis DOID:349 ICD10CM:Q82.2 MESH:D008415 NCI:C84269 OMIM:154800 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:125541005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397007003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78745000 UMLS_CUI:C0024899 mast cell hyperplasia disease_ontology DOID:350 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. mastocytosis DOID:350 A fibrosarcoma that is located_in the dermis laryer of the skin and that begins as a hard nodule and grows slowly. MESH:D018223 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134160009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276799004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:302844005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:76594008 UMLS_CUI:C0206647 disease_ontology DOID:3507 MESH:C538219 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans DOID:3507 A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the liver. DOID:12300 DOID:269 DOID:7330 DOID:915 DOID:919 ICD10CM:C22.0 ICD10CM:C22.9 ICD9CM:155.0 ICD9CM:155.2 MESH:D008113 NCI:C34803 NCI:C7692 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126851005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154470007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187768001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187771009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187779006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269548006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363361004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93870000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95214007 UMLS_CUI:C0023903 UMLS_CUI:C0024620 UMLS_CUI:C0345904 UMLS_CUI:C0854795 Ca liver - primary (disorder) Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver ca liver - primary hepatic cancer hepatic neoplasm malignant hepato-biliary neoplasm malignant neoplasm of liver malignant neoplasm of liver (disorder) malignant neoplasm of liver unspecified (disorder) malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary malignant neoplasm of liver, primary malignant tumor of liver (disorder) neoplasm of liver (disorder) non-resectable primary hepatic malignant neoplasm primary liver cancer primary malignant neoplasm of Liver primary malignant neoplasm of liver primary malignant neoplasm of liver (disorder) primary malignant neoplasm of liver NOS (disorder) resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver disease_ontology DOID:3571 liver cancer DOID:3571 ICD10CM:H30.9 MESH:D012173 NCI:C115993 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193450000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35426003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:399463004 UMLS_CUI:C0035333 disease_ontology DOID:3612 retinitis DOID:3612 A nervous system cancer that is located_in the central nervous system. DOID:0060093 DOID:1318 EFO:0000326 ICD10CM:C72.9 MESH:D016543 NCI:C4627 NCI:C9293 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126951006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190135002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372062007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93744007 UMLS_CUI:C0085136 UMLS_CUI:C0348374 CNS neoplasm central nervous system tumor central nervous system tumors malignant neoplasm of central nervous system, NOS malignant tumor of CNS neoplasm of central nervous system (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:3620 central nervous system cancer DOID:3620 A urinary system disease that is located_in the bladder. ICD10CM:N32.9 ICD9CM:596.9 MESH:D001745 NCI:C2900 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155886002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155890000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197897007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266630005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42643001 UMLS_CUI:C0005686 Urinary Bladder Disease disease_ontology DOID:365 bladder disease DOID:365 An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. DOID:1576 DOID:1698 DOID:187 DOID:6486 DOID:8948 ICD9CM:702 MESH:D012871 MESH:D012873 NCI:C27554 NCI:C3371 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156292006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156396006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156400006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156445005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:199879009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200580005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201095006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201107006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:239001006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267806002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267859000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267860005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267873009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:5613003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:80659006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95320005 UMLS_CUI:C0029574 UMLS_CUI:C0037274 UMLS_CUI:C0037277 Genodermatosis skin and subcutaneous tissue disease disease_ontology DOID:37 skin disease DOID:37 A reproductive organ cancer that is manifested in the male genital system. This includes organs such as the penis and scrotum. DOID:10284 ICD10CM:C60-C63 ICD10CM:C63.9 ICD9CM:187.9 MESH:D005834 NCI:C3054 NCI:C8561 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126895004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190127000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190130007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363515000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93885006 UMLS_CUI:C0017417 UMLS_CUI:C0153606 male genital cancer male reproductive system neoplasm malignant neoplasm of male genital organ or tract malignant neoplasm of male genital organ, NOS malignant neoplasm of male genital organ, site unspecified malignant neoplasm of male genital organ, unspecified (disorder) malignant neoplasm of male genital organs (disorder) malignant tumor of male Reproductive system malignant tumor of male genital organ malignant tumor of male genital organ (disorder) neoplasm of male genital organ tumor of male Reproductive system disease_ontology male genital neoplasm DOID:3856 male reproductive organ cancer DOID:3856 A lung cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the lungs and has_symptom cough and has_symptom chest discomfort or pain and has_symptom weight loss and has_symptom hemoptysis. EFO:0001071 ICD10CM:C34.90 NCI:C4878 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154485001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187875007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269561006 UMLS_CUI:C0684249 cancer of lung disease_ontology carcinoma of lung DOID:3905 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. lung carcinoma DOID:3905 A lung carcinoma that is characterized as any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma. EFO:0003060 ICD10CM:C34 KEGG:05223 MESH:D002289 NCI:C2926 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254637007 UMLS_CUI:C0007131 NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer disease_ontology DOID:3908 non-small cell lung carcinoma DOID:3908 A primary bacterial infectious disease that is located_in lungs, located_in lymph nodes, located_in pericardium, located_in brain, located_in pleura or located_in gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted_by droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. DOID:10096 DOID:12688 DOID:12691 DOID:415 DOID:9901 DOID:9902 MESH:D014375 MESH:D014376 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:15202009 UMLS_CUI:C0041295 disease_ontology DOID:399 tuberculosis DOID:399 An organ system cancer that is located_in the kidneys, ureteres, bladder or urethra. ICD10CM:C68.9 ICD9CM:189.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190132004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:448233000 UMLS_CUI:C0348371 disease_ontology DOID:3996 urinary system cancer DOID:3996 A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. MESH:D004194 NCI:C2991 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64572001 UMLS_CUI:C0012634 disease_ontology DOID:4 disease DOID:4 DOID:2164 DOID:2165 DOID:46 ICD10CM:K70-K77 ICD10CM:K76.9 ICD9CM:573.9 MESH:D008107 NCI:C3196 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155807008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155817003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155822003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197375001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197551000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:235856003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266535008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:62857009 UMLS_CUI:C0023895 disorder of liver (disorder) hepatic disorder disease_ontology DOID:409 liver disease DOID:409 A communication disorder that is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. DOID:4019 ICD10CM:R48.1 ICD10CM:R48.2 MESH:D000377 MESH:D001072 NCI:C84542 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:158320000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:158322008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192146008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:206989009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:206991001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:250058008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:271724003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42341009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68345001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:6950007 UMLS_CUI:C0001816 UMLS_CUI:C0003635 Dyspraxia (finding) Dyspraxia syndrome disease_ontology DOID:4090 agnosia DOID:4090 An immune system disease that is an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body resulting from an abnormal functioning of the immune system that results in the production of antibodies or T cell directed against the host tissues. ICD9CM:720 OMIM:109100 UMLS_CUI:C0003089 autoimmune disease disease_ontology DOID:417 Xref MGI. hypersensitivity reaction type II disease DOID:417 MESH:D044882 NCI:C53655 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126877002 UMLS_CUI:C1257958 disorder of glucose metabolism (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:4194 glucose metabolism disease DOID:4194 ICD10CM:H10-H11 ICD10CM:H11.9 ICD9CM:372 ICD9CM:372.9 MESH:D003229 NCI:C27605 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155161009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155169006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193906005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194583004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267735001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:59698003 UMLS_CUI:C0009759 disease_ontology DOID:4251 conjunctival disease DOID:4251 A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the cervix. DOID:4361 ICD10CM:C53 ICD10CM:C53.9 ICD9CM:180 ICD9CM:180.9 MESH:D002583 NCI:C2940 NCI:C9311 OMIM:603956 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123841004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188174005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188186008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254885005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363354003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93752005 UMLS_CUI:C0007847 UMLS_CUI:C0007873 cervical neoplasm cervix cancer cervix uteri cancer neoplasm of uterine cervix (disorder) tumor of the Cervix Uteri uterine cervical neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:4362 cervical cancer DOID:4362 A renal carcinoma that has_material_basis_in the lining of the proximal convoluted renal tubule of the kidney. EFO:0000681 MESH:D002292 NCI:C9385 OMIM:300854 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254915003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41607009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:702391001 UMLS_CUI:C0007134 RCC adenocarcinoma of kidney hypernephroma disease_ontology DOID:4450 Xref MGI. renal cell carcinoma DOID:4450 A kidney cancer that derives_from the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule (the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products). NCI:C9384 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254915003 UMLS_CUI:C1378703 carcinoma of kidney kidney carcinoma disease_ontology DOID:4451 renal carcinoma DOID:4451 ICD10CM:N42.9 ICD9CM:602.9 MESH:D011469 NCI:C26865 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197979000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:30281009 UMLS_CUI:C0033575 disease_ontology DOID:47 prostate disease DOID:47 A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. DOID:10133 DOID:144 ICD10CM:F45 ICD10CM:F45.0 ICD10CM:F45.9 ICD9CM:300.8 ICD9CM:300.81 ICD9CM:306.8 MESH:D013001 NCI:C34956 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154892001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191743005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192035008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192430009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192431008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192437007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:31297008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397795007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397826007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397923000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:60368009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9514005 UMLS_CUI:C0029824 UMLS_CUI:C0037650 UMLS_CUI:C0520482 physiological malfunction arising from mental factor psychophysiologic disorder psychosomatic disorder disease_ontology DOID:4737 somatoform disorder DOID:4737 ICD10CM:C96.2 MESH:D034721 NCI:C9285 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397008008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397358005 UMLS_CUI:C1112486 ASM Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (morphologic abnormality) Lymphadenopathic mastocytosis with eosinophilia disease_ontology DOID:4798 aggressive systemic mastocytosis DOID:4798 A reproductive system disease that affects male reproductive organs. ICD10CM:N50.9 ICD9CM:600-608.99 ICD9CM:608.9 MESH:D005832 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155905004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155933004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155945008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198089001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198553004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64557000 UMLS_CUI:C0017412 disease_ontology DOID:48 male reproductive system disease DOID:48 A anus cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the anus. MESH:D001005 NCI:C9291 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154467008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187762000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255084004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269546005 UMLS_CUI:C0279637 Ca anus carcinoma of anus disease_ontology DOID:4908 anal carcinoma DOID:4908 A hematopoietic cancer that derives_from the blood-forming stem cells of the bone marrow. DOID:2356 DOID:2761 EFO:0004251 ICD10CM:D47.1 MESH:D009196 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128925001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188772004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:20921005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414794006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:425333006 UMLS_CUI:C0027022 bone Marrow tumor bone marrow neoplasm malignant bone Marrow tumor malignant neoplasm of bone marrow disease_ontology DOID:4960 bone marrow cancer DOID:4960 MESH:D001855 NCI:C34433 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127035006 UMLS_CUI:C0005956 bone marrow disorder disease_ontology DOID:4961 bone marrow disease DOID:4961 A myeloid neoplasm that results_in the overproduction of white blood cells. DOID:6470 MESH:D054437 NCI:C27262 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397336008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:445738007 UMLS_CUI:C1301355 Myeloproliferative/Myelodysplastic syndromes myelodysplastic myeloproliferative cancer disease_ontology myelodysplastic myeloproliferative disease DOID:4972 myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm DOID:4972 An endocrine system disease that is located_in the thyroid. ICD10CM:E00-E07 ICD10CM:E07.9 ICD9CM:240-246.99 ICD9CM:246.9 MESH:D013959 NCI:C26893 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:14304000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154649009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190232008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190311002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191036006 UMLS_CUI:C0040128 disease_ontology DOID:50 thyroid gland disease DOID:50 An organ system cancer located_in the thoracic cavity that develops in the different types of cells within the lungs, as well as less common cancers of the esophagus, the trachea, or the chest wall. DOID:3937 ICD10CM:C76.1 ICD9CM:195.1 MESH:D013899 NCI:C3406 NCI:C3576 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188361007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188365003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255058005 UMLS_CUI:C0039981 UMLS_CUI:C0153661 Thoracic tumor thorax cancer thorax neoplasm tumor of thorax disease_ontology DOID:5093 thoracic cancer DOID:5093 A viral infectious disease that results_in destruction of immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted_by congenital method, and transmitted_by contaminated needles. The virus infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) which are directly or indirectly destroyed, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom fever, has_symptom vaginal yeast infection, has_symptom headache, has_symptom mouth sores, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom sore throat, and has_symptom swollen lymph glands. ICD10CM:B20 ICD10CM:B20-B20 ICD9CM:042 ICD9CM:042-042.99 MESH:D015658 NCI:C3108 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123321001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186705005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187438009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187453001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:86406008 UMLS_CUI:C0019693 HIV infection disease_ontology DOID:526 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease DOID:526 A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the intestine. DOID:10759 DOID:11222 DOID:11789 DOID:8531 DOID:8558 DOID:8591 ICD10CM:K63.9 ICD9CM:569.9 MESH:D007410 NCI:C26801 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155629009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197266001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266483008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85919009 UMLS_CUI:C0021831 disease_ontology DOID:5295 intestinal disease DOID:5295 A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. DOID:9028 ICD9CM:307.4 UMLS_CUI:C0154564 Non-organic sleep disorder disease_ontology DOID:535 sleep disorder DOID:535 A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. DOID:14734 EFO:0000692 ICD9CM:295.8 ICD9CM:295.80 MESH:D012559 OMIM:181500 UMLS_CUI:C0029838 UMLS_CUI:C0220702 schizophrenia-1 disease_ontology DOID:5419 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. schizophrenia DOID:5419 A lung disease that involves lung parenchyma or alveolar inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). It results from a variety of causes including infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs. It is accompanied by fever, chills, cough, and difficulty in breathing. DOID:10509 DOID:11742 DOID:5871 MESH:D011014 NCI:C3333 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155548002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155552002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155558003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233604007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266391003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274103002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:60363000 UMLS_CUI:C0032285 acute pneumonia disease_ontology DOID:552 pneumonia DOID:552 CSP:2004-1600 CSP:2004-1803 ICD10CM:C91.5 ICD10CM:C91.50 MESH:D015459 NCI:C3184 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:110007008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188729005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:77430005 UMLS_CUI:C0023493 Precursor T Lymphoblastic Leukemia T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:5603 acute T cell leukemia DOID:5603 An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. DOID:2933 ICD10CM:H44 ICD10CM:H44.9 ICD9CM:360 ICD9CM:360.9 ICD9CM:379.90 MESH:D005128 NCI:C26767 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111509007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155101007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155198005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193265001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193266000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193316008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194183009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:264555006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:366261005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371405004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371409005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:79517001 UMLS_CUI:C0015397 disease_ontology DOID:5614 eye disease DOID:5614 An intestinal cancer that effects the long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other. DOID:1994 DOID:1997 ICD10CM:C18.9 MESH:D015179 NCI:C4978 NCI:C5105 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363510005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:408645001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93854002 UMLS_CUI:C0009402 UMLS_CUI:C0346629 UMLS_CUI:C1319315 disease_ontology DOID:5672 large intestine cancer DOID:5672 An eye disease that is located_in the retina. ICD10CM:H35.9 ICD9CM:362.9 MESH:D012164 NCI:C26875 NCI:C62601 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193430004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267715002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:29555009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35426003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:399625000 UMLS_CUI:C0035309 disease_ontology DOID:5679 retinal disease DOID:5679 A nervous system disease that affects the peripheral nervous system. DOID:13069 ICD10CM:G64 ICD9CM:350-359.99 MESH:D010523 NCI:C119734 NCI:C27580 NCI:C27587 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155064004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155080009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155100008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193088006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193264002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:264554005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267706009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:302226006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42658009 UMLS_CUI:C0031117 UMLS_CUI:C1335029 disease_ontology peripheral nerve disease peripheral neuropathy DOID:574 peripheral nervous system disease DOID:574 A coronary artery disease characterized by myocardial cell death (myocardial necrosis) due to prolonged ischaemia. EFO:0000612 ICD10CM:I21 ICD10CM:I22 MESH:D009203 NCI:C27996 OMIM:608557 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155304006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194796000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:22298006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233824008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266288001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:66514008 UMLS_CUI:C0027051 Myocardial infarct heart attack disease_ontology DOID:5844 Xref MGI. myocardial infarction DOID:5844 An anxiety disorder that is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress. EFO:0004262 MESH:D016584 NCI:C34890 OMIM:167870 OMIM:607853 OMIM:609985 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191705007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192400001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268627007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371631005 UMLS_CUI:C0030319 panic anxiety syndrome disease_ontology DOID:594 Xref MGI. panic disorder DOID:594 A heart disease that is characterized by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. DOID:395 ICD10CM:I50 ICD10CM:I50.9 ICD9CM:428 ICD9CM:428.0 ICD9CM:428.9 MESH:D006333 NCI:C3080 NCI:C50577 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155374007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155375008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155377000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195108009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195117009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266248006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266308000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42343007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:84114007 UMLS_CUI:C0018801 UMLS_CUI:C0018802 CHF Cardiac Failure Congestive Congestive heart disease Weak heart disease_ontology DOID:6000 congestive heart failure DOID:6000 A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the esophagus. DOID:10117 DOID:10118 DOID:11798 ICD10CM:K22.9 ICD9CM:530 ICD9CM:530.9 MESH:D004935 NCI:C3027 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155671005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155680005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196626000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266497000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:37657006 UMLS_CUI:C0014852 esophageal Ulcer disease_ontology DOID:6050 esophageal disease DOID:6050 A bronchial disease that is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It is caused by bacteria and viruses. The disease has_symptom cough with mucus, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom low fever and has_symptom chest tightness. DOID:13503 DOID:13504 DOID:13707 DOID:13728 DOID:13729 DOID:5049 DOID:6130 DOID:6131 DOID:9982 DOID:9983 CSP:2596-1500 ICD10CM:J20 ICD10CM:J20.9 ICD10CM:J40 ICD10CM:J42 ICD9CM:466.0 ICD9CM:490 ICD9CM:491 ICD9CM:491.9 MESH:D001991 MESH:D029481 NCI:C26722 NCI:C26932 NCI:C2911 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:10509002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155512004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155515002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155566007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155572007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155616009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195713004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195733000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195936003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195940007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195956002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266354009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266380005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266395007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32398004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35301006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:63480004 UMLS_CUI:C0006277 UMLS_CUI:C0008677 UMLS_CUI:C0149514 CI - Chest infection Chest infection acute Bronchitis chest cold chronic bronchitis recurrent wheezy bronchitis disease_ontology acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis DOID:6132 bronchitis DOID:6132 A conjunctival disease characterized by an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. ICD10CM:H10 ICD10CM:H10.9 ICD9CM:372.30 MESH:D003231 NCI:C34504 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193857008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193858003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193875009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9826008 UMLS_CUI:C0009763 disease_ontology Madras eye DOID:6195 conjunctivitis DOID:6195 A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. MESH:D030342 NCI:C3101 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:264530000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32895009 UMLS_CUI:C0019247 disease_ontology DOID:630 genetic disease DOID:630 A brain disease that is characterized by moderate to severe headaches, nausea, extreme sensitivity to light and sound and intense unilaterial throbbing or pulsing. DOID:12437 EFO:0003821 ICD10CM:G43 ICD10CM:G43.9 ICD10CM:G43.909 ICD9CM:346 ICD9CM:346.9 MESH:D008881 NCI:C89715 OMIM:157300 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155046006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155048007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193030005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193036004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193041007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267699004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:37796009 UMLS_CUI:C0042331 UMLS_CUI:C0149931 migraine disorder migraine variant migraine with or without aura disease_ontology DOID:6364 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. migraine DOID:6364 A hypertension characterized by an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein or pulmonary capillaries. ICD10CM:I27.2 MESH:D006976 NCI:C3120 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155328008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266293003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:70995007 UMLS_CUI:C0020542 disease_ontology DOID:6432 pulmonary hypertension DOID:6432 A musculoskeletal system disease that affects tissues such as skin, tendons, and cartilage. MESH:D003240 NCI:C26729 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105969002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201432001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268048008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268126004 UMLS_CUI:C0009782 connective tissue disorder disorder of connective tissue disease_ontology DOID:65 connective tissue disease DOID:65 A sebaceous gland disease characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring. DOID:9906 ICD10CM:L70 ICD10CM:L70.2 ICD10CM:L70.9 ICD9CM:706.0 MTH:217 NCI:C27195 OMIM:604324 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:11381005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201210008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201211007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201212000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201229002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201408008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23894009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267815009 UMLS_CUI:C0152249 UMLS_CUI:C0702166 Acne varioliformis acne vulgaris frontalis acne disease_ontology DOID:6543 acne DOID:6543 A disease of metabolism that is characterized by enzyme deficiency or accumulation of enzymes or toxins which interfere with normal function due to inherited enzyme abnormality. MESH:D008661 NCI:C34816 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363205007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:86095007 UMLS_CUI:C0025521 Inborn Errors of Metabolism Metabolic hereditary disorder inborn metabolism disorder disease_ontology DOID:655 inherited metabolic disorder DOID:655 An artery disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain. DOID:12214 DOID:3455 DOID:8231 EFO:0000712 ICD10CM:I60-I69 ICD10CM:I63.9 ICD10CM:I67.9 ICD9CM:430-438.99 ICD9CM:437.9 MESH:D002561 MESH:D020521 NCI:C2938 NCI:C3390 OMIM:601367 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155388006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155405006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155412002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195208004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195249004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195595007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:230690007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266312006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266315008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:270883006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:313267000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:62914000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:82797006 UMLS_CUI:C0007820 UMLS_CUI:C0038454 CVA (cerebral vascular accident) Cerebrovascular accident (disorder) cerebrovascular accident cerebrovascular disorder stroke disease_ontology DOID:6713 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. cerebrovascular disease DOID:6713 A rheumatoid arthritis that involves an autoimmune disease onset in children under 16 which attacks the healthy cells and tissue of located_in joint. DOID:10129 DOID:1264 DOID:675 ICD10CM:M08.4 ICD10CM:M08.40 ICD9CM:714.3 ICD9CM:714.31 ICD9CM:714.32 ICD9CM:714.33 MESH:D001171 NCI:C26979 NCI:C61279 OMIM:604302 ORDO:92 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201798003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201799006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201803007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201809006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74391003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:7441009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:75822003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:83793004 UMLS_CUI:C0157916 UMLS_CUI:C0157917 UMLS_CUI:C0157918 UMLS_CUI:C0409667 Pauciarticular onset juvenile chronic arthritis acute juvenile rheumatoid arthritis juvenile chronic polyarthritis juvenile idiopathic arthritis monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis pauciarticular juvenile arthritis systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis disease_ontology DOID:676 Xref MGI. juvenile rheumatoid arthritis DOID:676 A liver carcinoma that has_material_basis_in undifferentiated hepatocytes. DOID:5005 EFO:0000182 NCI:C7711 NCI:C7956 OMIM:114550 UMLS_CUI:C0279607 HCC Hepatoma adult Hepatoma adult primary hepatocellular carcinoma disease_ontology DOID:684 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. hepatocellular carcinoma DOID:684 A liver cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells. NCI:C7927 UMLS_CUI:C0279000 Liver and Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma disease_ontology DOID:686 liver carcinoma DOID:686 A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. DOID:1 DOID:2 DOID:5 DOID:71 DOID:72 DOID:8 disease_ontology DOID:7 disease of anatomical entity DOID:7 A bone inflammation disease that results_in inflammation in the joints of the spine and pelvis. The disease has_symptom pain, has_symptom stiffness in the spine, has_symptom stiffness in the neck, has_symptom stiffness in the hips, has_symptom stiffness in the jaw and has_symptom stiffness in the rib cage. EFO:0003898 ICD10CM:M45 ICD9CM:720.0 MESH:D013167 NCI:C84564 ORDO:825 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156619005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9631008 UMLS_CUI:C0038013 Bekhterev syndrome Bekhterev's disease Marie-Strumpell disease disease_ontology DOID:7147 ankylosing spondylitis DOID:7147 An arthritis that is an autoimmune disease which attacks healthy cells and tissue located_in joint. EFO:0000685 ICD10CM:M06.9 ICD9CM:714.0 KEGG:05323 MESH:D001172 NCI:C27206 NCI:C2884 OMIM:180300 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156471009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156481008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:287010008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:69896004 UMLS_CUI:C0003873 Arthritis or polyarthritis, rheumatic atrophic Arthritis disease_ontology DOID:7148 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. rheumatoid arthritis DOID:7148 MESH:D015458 UMLS_CUI:C0023492 disease_ontology DOID:715 T-cell leukemia DOID:715 An immune system disease that has_material_basis_in hematopoietic cells. ICD10CM:D75.9 ICD9CM:280-289.99 ICD9CM:289.9 MESH:D006402 NCI:C26323 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154785002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154842002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191124002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191402006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191446003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267552000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267573000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:34093004 UMLS_CUI:C0018939 Blood disease Blood dyscrasia NOS DISEASE OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS Hematological disease blood disorder disease of hematopoietic system disease_ontology DOID:74 hematopoietic system disease DOID:74 DOID:11466 DOID:12635 DOID:13115 ICD10CM:K27 ICD9CM:533 MESH:D010437 NCI:C3318 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:13200003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155701001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155710009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196681007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196697002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196704007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196705008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266437002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266501005 UMLS_CUI:C0030920 acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation acute peptic ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation (disorder) acute peptic ulcer without hemorrhage and without perforation disease_ontology DOID:750 peptic ulcer disease DOID:750 A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a sexually transmitted infection, located_in uterus, located_in fallopian tube, located_in urethra, located_in mouth, located_in throat, located_in eye or located_in anus, has_material_basis_in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is transmitted_by contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus or transmitted_by congenitally from mother to baby during delivery. The infection has_symptom burning sensation during urination, has_symptom discharge from the penis, has_symptom increased vaginal discharge, or has_symptom vaginal bleeding between periods. DOID:10409 DOID:13557 ICD10CM:A54 ICD10CM:A54.9 ICD9CM:098 ICD9CM:098.2 ICD9CM:098.32 MESH:D006069 NCI:C35730 NCI:C92950 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154387008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:15628003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186943001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187361005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266142004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:60893000 UMLS_CUI:C0018081 UMLS_CUI:C0153199 UMLS_CUI:C0153203 chronic gonococcal infectious disease of lower genitourinary tract chronic gonococcal infectious disease of upper genitourinary tract disease_ontology DOID:7551 gonorrhea DOID:7551 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the gastrointestinal tract. DOID:27 DOID:944 ICD10CM:K92.9 ICD9CM:520-579.99 MESH:D004066 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155629009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155847001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197575000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266483008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53619000 UMLS_CUI:C0012242 GIT disease Gastroenteropathy alimentary system disease digestive system disorder gastrointestinal disease gastrointestinal disorder disease_ontology DOID:77 gastrointestinal system disease DOID:77 A thyroid gland disease that involves an over production of thyroid hormone. ICD10CM:E05.9 MESH:D006980 NCI:C3123 OMIM:603373 OMIM:609152 ORDO:99819 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190239004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267464006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:34486009 UMLS_CUI:C0020550 overactive thyroid disease_ontology DOID:7998 Xref MGI. hyperthyroidism DOID:7998 ICD10CM:E88.1 ICD9CM:272.6 MESH:D008060 NCI:C97093 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190789006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190790002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:71325002 UMLS_CUI:C0023787 disease_ontology DOID:811 lipodystrophy DOID:811 An arthritis that has_material_basis_in worn out cartilage located_in joint. EFO:0002506 ICD9CM:715.3 OMIM:610839 OMIM:612401 UMLS_CUI:C0157946 Osteoarthrosis and allied disorder degenerative arthritis degenerative joint disease hypertrophic arthritis osteoarthrosis disease_ontology DOID:8398 Xref MGI. osteoarthritis DOID:8398 A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, located_in respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus A, has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus B, or has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus C, which are transmitted_by droplet spread of oronasal secretions during coughing, sneezing, or talking from an infected person. It is a highly contagious disease that affects birds and mammals and has_symptom chills, has_symptom fever, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom runny nose, has_symptom muscle pains, has_symptom severe headache, has_symptom cough, and has_symptom weakness. DOID:8468 ICD10CM:J11.1 ICD9CM:487 MESH:D007251 NCI:C53482 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155559006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155562009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195931008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266353003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266393000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:6142004 UMLS_CUI:C0021400 Influenza with non-respiratory manifestation (disorder) Influenza with other manifestations Influenza with other manifestations (disorder) Influenza with other manifestations NOS (disorder) flu influenza with non-respiratory manifestation disease_ontology DOID:8469 influenza DOID:8469 A bone inflammation disease that involves a response to irritation or injury, characterized by joint pain, swelling, stiffness located_in joint and/or redness located_in skin over the joint. ICD10CM:M19.90 MESH:D001168 NCI:C2883 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:202059001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363178003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372091005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:3723001 UMLS_CUI:C0003864 Inflammatory disorder of joint disease_ontology DOID:848 arthritis DOID:848 A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. DOID:11894 DOID:11895 DOID:29 DOID:766 ICD10CM:J98.4 MESH:D008171 NCI:C3198 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196164004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:19829001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266374002 UMLS_CUI:C0024115 disease_ontology DOID:850 Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym. lung disease DOID:850 ICD10CM:K21 ICD10CM:K21.9 ICD9CM:530.81 MESH:D005764 NCI:C26781 NCI:C92560 OMIM:109350 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:102620007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155673008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196600005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196624002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:235595009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266498005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54856001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:698065002 UMLS_CUI:C0017168 Acid reflux GERD GERD - Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Gastresophageal reflux Gastro-esophageal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux disease disease_ontology DOID:8534 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. gastroesophageal reflux disease DOID:8534 MESH:D003095 NCI:C27204 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156458006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201434000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201454004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268048008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:81573002 UMLS_CUI:C0009326 collagen disorder disease_ontology DOID:854 collagen disease DOID:854 A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. DOID:8551 DOID:8606 EFO:0000339 ICD9CM:205.1 KEGG:05220 MESH:D015464 NCI:C3174 OMIM:608232 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154592009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188735005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:63364005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:92818009 UMLS_CUI:C0023473 CML CML - chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Myeloid Leukemia, chronic chronic granulocytic leukemia chronic myelogenous leukemia disease_ontology DOID:8552 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. chronic myeloid leukemia DOID:8552 A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. DOID:8576 DOID:9016 EFO:0000729 ICD10CM:K51 ICD10CM:K51.9 ICD9CM:556 ICD9CM:556.5 ICD9CM:556.9 MESH:D003093 NCI:C2952 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155764007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196985000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196988003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196996008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266447004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:27701000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:441971007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64766004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68195006 UMLS_CUI:C0009324 UMLS_CUI:C0375359 Left-sided ulcerative colitis disease_ontology DOID:8577 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. ulcerative colitis DOID:8577 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the central nervous system or located_in the peripheral nervous system. ICD10CM:G00-G99 ICD10CM:G98 ICD10CM:G98.8 ICD9CM:349.9 MESH:D009422 NCI:C26835 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118940003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154981003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155262005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192641002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267679005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:286946008 UMLS_CUI:C0027765 disease_ontology DOID:863 nervous system disease DOID:863 A connective tissue cancer that derives_from lymphatic endothelium, and derives_from spindle cells, results_in_formation_of vascular channels that fill with blood cells, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). DOID:12761 DOID:12762 DOID:12764 DOID:12766 DOID:12767 DOID:12768 DOID:12770 DOID:12771 DOID:12772 DOID:12774 DOID:12775 DOID:12776 DOID:12777 DOID:12778 DOID:6480 DOID:7239 DOID:8631 ICD10CM:C46 ICD10CM:C46.0 ICD10CM:C46.1 ICD10CM:C46.2 ICD10CM:C46.3 ICD10CM:C46.4 ICD10CM:C46.5 ICD10CM:C46.9 ICD9CM:176 ICD9CM:176.0 ICD9CM:176.1 ICD9CM:176.2 ICD9CM:176.3 ICD9CM:176.4 ICD9CM:176.5 ICD9CM:176.9 MESH:D012514 NCI:C27500 NCI:C3550 NCI:C3551 NCI:C4578 NCI:C4579 NCI:C5363 NCI:C5523 NCI:C5529 NCI:C5602 NCI:C5706 NCI:C5842 NCI:C6377 NCI:C6749 NCI:C7006 NCI:C9087 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109385007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109386008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109387004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109388009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109390005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109391009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154604006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188029000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188144002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188483007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188775002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190112000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255114007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255115008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:49937004 UMLS_CUI:C0036220 UMLS_CUI:C0153560 UMLS_CUI:C0153561 UMLS_CUI:C0153562 UMLS_CUI:C0153563 UMLS_CUI:C0153564 UMLS_CUI:C0153565 UMLS_CUI:C0346935 UMLS_CUI:C0346936 UMLS_CUI:C1332265 UMLS_CUI:C1332847 UMLS_CUI:C1333453 UMLS_CUI:C1333744 UMLS_CUI:C1333776 UMLS_CUI:C1334318 UMLS_CUI:C1334457 UMLS_CUI:C1335372 UMLS_CUI:C1335509 Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma Corneal Kaposi's sarcoma Cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma of Heart Kaposi's sarcoma of anus Kaposi's sarcoma of central nervous system Kaposi's sarcoma of conjunctiva (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of cornea (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of esophagus Kaposi's sarcoma of gastrointestinal sites Kaposi's sarcoma of lung (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nodes Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nodes (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of palate (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of penis Kaposi's sarcoma of skin Kaposi's sarcoma of skin (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of soft tissue (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of soft tissues (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of the CNS Kaposi's sarcoma of the gallbladder Kaposi's sarcoma of the prostate Kaposi's sarcoma, lung Kaposi's sarcoma, skin Palate Kaposi's sarcoma anal Kaposi's sarcoma cardiac Kaposi's sarcoma central nervous system Kaposi's sarcoma conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma corneal Kaposi's sarcoma cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma esophageal Kaposi's sarcoma gallbladder Kaposi's sarcoma gastric Kaposi's sarcoma intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma lymph node Kaposi's sarcoma lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma palate Kaposi's sarcoma penis Kaposi's sarcoma prostate Kaposi's sarcoma pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma soft tissue Kaposi's sarcoma disease_ontology African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DOID:8632 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Kaposi's sarcoma DOID:8632 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and emotional health. ICD10CM:F50 ICD10CM:F50.9 ICD9CM:307.50 NCI:C89332 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192444003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192452000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:72366004 UMLS_CUI:C0013473 disease_ontology DOID:8670 eating disorder DOID:8670 An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image. ICD10CM:F50.0 ICD10CM:F50.00 ICD9CM:307.1 MESH:D000856 NCI:C34387 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154926005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192445002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56882008 UMLS_CUI:C0003125 disease_ontology DOID:8689 anorexia nervosa DOID:8689 A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. DOID:8878 DOID:8879 DOID:8910 DOID:9066 DOID:9126 ICD10CM:C92 ICD10CM:C92.9 ICD10CM:C92.90 ICD9CM:205 ICD9CM:205.9 MESH:D007951 NCI:C3172 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128934006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154587007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188732008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188743000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190047005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269631008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:324170002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:37810007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94717009 UMLS_CUI:C0023470 Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia leukemia myelogenous myeloid granulocytic leukemia disease_ontology DOID:8692 myeloid leukemia DOID:8692 A pneumonia involving inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria. DOID:13815 ICD10CM:J15.9 ICD9CM:482.9 MESH:D018410 NCI:C26704 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155553007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195891009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195892002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53084003 UMLS_CUI:C0004626 Pneumonia due to other gram-negative bacteria gram-negative pneumonia disease_ontology DOID:874 bacterial pneumonia DOID:874 An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine. DOID:8784 DOID:8855 DOID:8942 EFO:0000384 ICD10CM:K50.1 ICD9CM:555.1 MESH:D003424 NCI:C35211 NCI:C37262 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155762006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196981009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196982002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266446008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:50440006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:7620006 UMLS_CUI:C0156147 Crohn disease Crohn's disease of colon (disorder) Crohn's disease of large bowel Granulomatous Colitis Pediatric Crohn's disease disease_ontology DOID:8778 MESH:C536215 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. Crohn's disease DOID:8778 ICD10CM:I20.0 ICD9CM:411.1 MESH:D000789 NCI:C66911 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155308009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155313008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155314002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194814006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194816008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194817004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194819001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233818002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233820004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:25106000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:4557003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:59021001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64333001 UMLS_CUI:C0002965 (Angina: [crescendo] or [unstable] or [at rest]) or (preinfarction syndrome) or (impending infarction) Angina at rest Anginal chest pain at rest Impending infarction (disorder) Preinfarction angina Preinfarction angina (disorder) Unstable angina Worsening angina disease_ontology DOID:8805 intermediate coronary syndrome DOID:8805 ICD10CM:L57.0 ICD9CM:702.0 MESH:D055623 NCI:C3148 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156395005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156398007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156400006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201096007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201097003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201098008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201101007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201106002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201107006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267858008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267860005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:46795000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:856006 UMLS_CUI:C0022602 SK - Solar keratosis Senile hyperkeratosis Solar keratosis actinic (Solar) Keratosis disease_ontology DOID:8866 actinic keratosis DOID:8866 EFO:0000676 ICD10CM:L40 ICD10CM:L40.9 MESH:D011565 NCI:C3346 OMIM:601454 OMIM:602723 OMIM:603935 OMIM:604316 OMIM:605364 OMIM:605606 OMIM:607857 OMIM:610707 OMIM:612410 OMIM:612599 OMIM:612950 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156369008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156371008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200961000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200978009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267851002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9014002 UMLS_CUI:C0033860 disease_ontology DOID:8893 Xref MGI. Update outdated UMLS CUI from C00295134 to C0033860. psoriasis DOID:8893 ICD10CM:E83.01 MESH:D006527 NCI:C84756 OMIM:277900 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154751003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190823004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191710006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192640001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267504005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:88518009 UMLS_CUI:C0019202 Cerebral pseudosclerosis Westphal pseudosclerosis Westphal-Strumpell syndrome Wilson's disease hepatolenticular degeneration disease_ontology DOID:893 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Wilson disease DOID:893 An inherited metabolic disorder that involves metabolic disturbances in the processing or distribution of dietary minerals. MESH:D008664 UMLS_CUI:C0025534 inborn metal metabolism disorder disease_ontology DOID:896 metal metabolism disorder DOID:896 A syndrome that occurs in humans with psoriasis who also experience symptoms similar to arthritis. EFO:0003778 ICD10CM:L40.5 ICD10CM:L40.50 ICD9CM:696.0 MESH:D015535 NCI:C61277 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156370009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200959009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:33339001 UMLS_CUI:C0003872 arthritis psoriatica arthropathic psoriasis disease_ontology psoriatic arthropathy DOID:9008 psoriatic arthritis DOID:9008 A commensal bacterial infectious disease that is characterized by widespread erythema, peeling, and necrosis of the skin, that is caused by a toxin produced by a bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus (S. aureus). The infection has_symptoms redness of skin, has_symptom fluid-filled blister formation, has_symptom fever and has_symptom irritability. ICD10CM:L00 ICD9CM:695.81 MESH:D013206 NCI:C85077 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200946001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367537006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:87758007 UMLS_CUI:C0038165 Dermatitis exfoliativa neonatorum Pemphigus neonatorum Ritter disease Scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (disorder) Toxic epidermal necrolysis, subcorneal type (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:9063 Ritter's disease DOID:9063 A skin disease that is located_in the sebaceous gland. ICD10CM:L70.8 ICD9CM:706.1 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201213005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201230007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201401002 UMLS_CUI:C0029485 disease_ontology DOID:9098 sebaceous gland disease DOID:9098 DOID:9119 A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. acute myeloid leukemia A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Amebic invasion of the intestinal lining causes dysentery, colitis or diarrhea. The infection can also spread through the blood to the liver and, rarely, to the lungs, brain or other organs. DOID:11901 DOID:11904 ICD10CM:A06 ICD10CM:A06.9 ICD9CM:006 ICD9CM:006.9 MESH:D000562 NCI:C84551 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105637008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111909004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111910009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154274000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186122001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187278004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:282008000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:387754006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:388759003 UMLS_CUI:C0002438 amoebiasis entamoebiasis disease_ontology chronic intestinal amebiasis DOID:9181 amebiasis DOID:9181 MESH:D046152 NCI:C3868 OMIM:606764 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128755003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:420120006 UMLS_CUI:C0238198 GANT GIST Stromal tumor of gastrointestinal tract disease_ontology DOID:9253 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. gastrointestinal stromal tumor DOID:9253 A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. KEGG:05210 MESH:D015179 OMIM:114500 OMIM:611469 OMIM:612230 OMIM:612231 OMIM:612232 OMIM:612589 OMIM:612590 OMIM:612592 UMLS_CUI:C1527249 disease_ontology DOID:9256 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. colorectal cancer DOID:9256 A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Viruses. DOID:1329 ICD10CM:A94 ICD10CM:B34 ICD10CM:B34.9 ICD9CM:060-066.99 ICD9CM:066.9 MESH:D001102 MESH:D014777 NCI:C3439 NCI:C34396 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154319002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154345006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154372003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186619002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186754003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187471008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266116004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266188005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266194002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:34014006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:40610006 UMLS_CUI:C0003723 UMLS_CUI:C0042769 Viral Infection Viral disease virus infection disease_ontology DOID:934 viral infectious disease DOID:934 A glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. ICD10CM:E08-E13 ICD10CM:E11 ICD9CM:250 MESH:D003920 NCI:C2985 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154671004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191044006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267467004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:73211009 UMLS_CUI:C0011849 disease_ontology DOID:9351 diabetes mellitus DOID:9351 A diabetes mellitus that involves high blood glucose resulting from cells fail to use insulin properly. EFO:0001360 ICD10CM:E11 KEGG:04930 MESH:D003924 NCI:C26747 OMIM:125853 OMIM:601283 OMIM:601407 OMIM:603694 OMIM:608036 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154672006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190323008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190384004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267468009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:44054006 UMLS_CUI:C0011860 NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II diabetes mellitus disease_ontology DOID:9352 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. type 2 diabetes mellitus DOID:9352 A central nervous system disease that is located_in the brain. DOID:8510 ICD10CM:G93.40 ICD10CM:G93.9 ICD9CM:348.3 ICD9CM:348.30 ICD9CM:348.9 MESH:D001927 NCI:C26920 NCI:C96413 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155053002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193051008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193059005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:76011009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:81308009 UMLS_CUI:C0006111 UMLS_CUI:C0085584 encephalopathy disease_ontology DOID:936 brain disease DOID:936 A lysosomal storage disease that involves the accumulation of harmful amounts of lipids (fats) in some of the body's cells and tissues. DOID:10583 ICD10CM:E75.6 ICD9CM:272.7 ICD9CM:272.8 MESH:D008064 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:10741005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:11455007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154744007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190792005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190797004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190798009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190805007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267437005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267438000 UMLS_CUI:C0023794 UMLS_CUI:C0029591 Lipoid storage diseas Lipoidosis inborn lipid storage disorder lipoidosis disease_ontology DOID:9455 lipid storage disease DOID:9455 ICD10CM:D72.9 ICD9CM:288 ICD9CM:288.9 MESH:D007960 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154829002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191369001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54097007 UMLS_CUI:C0023510 disease_ontology DOID:9500 leukocyte disease DOID:9500 A myeloid neoplasm that is located_in the plasma cells in bone marrow. EFO:0001378 ICD10CM:C90.0 ICD10CM:C90.00 ICD9CM:203.0 MESH:D009101 NCI:C3242 OMIM:254500 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109989006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154585004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:55921005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94705007 UMLS_CUI:C0026764 plasma cell myeloma disease_ontology DOID:9538 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. multiple myeloma DOID:9538 ICD10CM:H10.0 MESH:D003234 NCI:C53656 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128350005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:17482009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193877001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:243321006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:243462001 UMLS_CUI:C0009768 Purulent conjunctivitis disease_ontology DOID:9700 bacterial conjunctivitis DOID:9700 A respiratory system disease which involves the upper respiratory tract. ICD9CM:478.1 ICD9CM:478.19 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195823002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266346007 UMLS_CUI:C0029581 disease_ontology DOID:974 upper respiratory tract disease DOID:974 A syndrome that is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic cause. ICD10CM:K58 ICD10CM:K58.9 ICD9CM:564.1 KEGG:05321 MESH:D043183 NCI:C82343 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:10743008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155783000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192434000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197124009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266525002 UMLS_CUI:C0022104 IBD Irritable colon disease_ontology Psychogenic IBS DOID:9778 irritable bowel syndrome DOID:9778 A lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. EFO:0000220 ICD10CM:C91.0 ICD10CM:C91.00 ICD9CM:204.0 NCI:C3167 OMIM:247640 OMIM:613065 OMIM:613067 ORDO:513 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128822004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154588002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190034000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:90151006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:91857003 UMLS_CUI:C0023449 acute lymphoblastic leukemia disease_ontology DOID:9952 Xref MGI. acute lymphocytic leukemia DOID:9952 ICD10CM:D72.1 ICD9CM:288.3 MESH:D004802 MESH:D017681 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:165524009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191363000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:27955006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418928000 UMLS_CUI:C0014457 Eosinophilic leukocytosis eosinophilia disease_ontology DOID:999 hypereosinophilic syndrome DOID:999 DRON:00034152 1291305 avanafil Oral Tablet IAO:0000030 information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity NCBITaxon:9606 GC_ID:1 human man ncbi_taxonomy Home sapiens Homo sampiens Homo sapeins Homo sapian Homo sapians Homo sapien Homo sapience Homo sapiense Homo sapients Homo sapines Homo spaiens Homo spiens Humo sapiens Homo sapiens NCIT:C16268 An age group comprised by people 65 years of age and older. C16268 Age Group Elderly C0001792 FDA Elderly Aged 65 and Over ELDERLY Elderly Elderly (Over 65) Senior Citizen Elderly NCIT:C16423 A person who is not yet an adult. The specific cut-off age will vary by purpose. C16423 Age Group Child C0008059 FDA NICHD Children Child CHILD Child Children Children (0-21) Child NCIT:C16731 An infant during the first month after birth. C16731 Age Group Newborn C0021289 FDA NICHD Newborn Newborn NEONATE Neonatal Neonate Newborn Newborn 21 21 NCIT:C17600 A human who has reached reproductive age. C17600 Age Group Adult C0001675 FDA Adult ADULT Adult Adult Human (21+) Human, Adult Adult NCIT:C27954 A juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity; in the state of development between puberty and maturity. C27954 Age Group Adolescent C0205653 FDA Adolescent ADOLESCENT Adolescent Adolescents Adolescent OAE:0000001 a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event. Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'. YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device. YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention. YH: In development of OAE, we initially use vaccine adverse event as our use case. A vaccine adverse event is associated with a vaccination (i.e. a medical intervention), regardless of whether it is considered vaccine-related, and includes any side effect, injury, toxicity, or sensitivity reaction or significant failure of immunization (i.e., a pharmacologic action). Ref: Baylor NW and Midthum K. Regulation and testing of vaccines. In: Vaccines (Editors: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, and Offit P). 2008. p1623. YH: The current term 'adverse event' is different from the term definition shown in our paper: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing in order to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention. In current definition, the adverse event emphasizes the time association and assumes a likelihood of such a causal association. This term 'adverse event' is stil under the OGMS:pathological bodily process. The 'adverse event' defined in the above paper has now been changed to a new term: 'causal adverse event'. See more information in the new publication: Yongqun He Y, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Yu Lin, Zuoshuang Xiang, Abra Guo, Shelley Zhang, Desikan Jagannathan, Luca Toldo, Cui Tao and Barry Smith. OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events. Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 2014, 5:29 doi:10.1186/2041-1480-5-29. PMID: 25093068.PMCID: PMC4120740. YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events. YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'. Yongqun He AE adverse reaction WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068 The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/. adverse event OAE:0000002 medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury. The act of intervening, interfering or interceding with the intent of modifying the outcome. In medicine, an intervention is usually undertaken to help treat or cure a condition. For example, "Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States," Reference: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34214 . Some interventions can be used for diagnosis. YH WEB: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_medical_intervention medical intervention OAE:0000005 an adverse event that occurs after a drug administration YH, JX ADE ADR adverse drug reaction drug adverse event adverse drug event OAE:0000011 a medical intervention where a patient is administered with a drug YH drug administration OAE:0000021 a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of flushing, a sudden reddening of the face, neck, or upper chest SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003241.htm 脸红 10016825 flushing AE CTCAE:E13771 HPO: HP_0001033 NCIt:C26775 SIDER: C0016382 OAE:0000022 a pain AE where the pain reachs an extreme level. SS, YH, MW 10033425 pain in extremity AE CTCAE: E12512 HPO: HP_0009763 NCIt: C78515 SIDER: C0030196 OAE:0000027 an adverse event that has an outcome of abnormal sign in a musculoskeletal or connective tissue. YH, RR, JX musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder AE WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/msd/ 10028395 A musculoskeletal disorder is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, or supporting structures of the upper or lower limbs, neck, or lower back that are caused, precipitated, or exacerbated by sudden exertion or prolonged exposure to physical factors such as repetition, force, vibration, or awkward posture musculoskeletal or connective tissue AE CTCAE: E13872 OAE:0000034 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of fatigue, which is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. lethargy is sometimes reported as an extreme fatigue: http://the-difference-between.com/lethargy/fatigue they are sometimes regarded as synonyms: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003088.htm SS, YH, MW lethargy AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_%28medical%29 10016256 10024264 fatigue AE CTCAE: E11098 (fatigue); CTCAE: E12709 (lethargy) HPO: HP_0003388 NCIt: C3036; NCIt: C78416 SIDER: C0015672 OAE:0000038 a cardiac disorder AE that is characterized by a necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart SS WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009203 心肌梗塞 10028596 myocardial infarction AE CTCAE: E10152 HPO: HP_0001658 NCIt: C27996 SIDER: C0027051 OAE:0000041 an injury and procedural complication AE which has an outcome of injury SS, YH 10022116 injury AE OAE:0000048 Nystagmus AE is an eye AE that is a condition of involuntary eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision. Due to the involuntary movement of the eye, it is often called "dancing eyes". JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus 10029864 nystagmus AE CTCAE:E12748 NCIt:C3282 眼球震颤 OAE:0000050 a skin adverse event that is characterized by an uncomfortable and temporary sensation of intense body warmth, flushing, sometimes accompanied by sweating upon cooling. SS, YH, MW hot flash AE hot flashes AE hot flush AE 10020407 hot flushes AE CTCAE: E13781 HPO: HP_0008209 NCIt: C3109 SIDER: C0600142 OAE:0000052 an adverse event that results in the outcome of a tumor. mass AE nodule AE tumour AE 10026865 YH, RR tumor AE OAE:0000053 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing. SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/sym-20050764 10047924 wheezing AE CTCAE:E13605 NCIt:C78718 OAE:0000063 an adverse event that occurs systematically throughout the systemic circulation. This is different from local adverse event that is limited or a certain location. YH, JX systematic adverse event URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction systematic AE OAE:0000069 an adverse event which occurs in a metabolism process (including anabolism and catabolism), endocrine system, or exocrine system. SS, YH, JX metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE 10027433 metabolism, endocrine or exocrine system AE MP: 0005266 OAE:0000081 a sensory capability AE that resuls in an uncomfortable feeling. YH discomfort AE HPO: HP_0010832 SIDER: C0234215 OAE:0000082 a reproductive system AE that occurs on the female side. YH 10038604 female reproductive system AE OAE:0000083 a reproductive system AE that occurs on the male side. YH male reproductive system AE OAE:0000084 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a cardiac disorder outcome. SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heart+disease Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091623 10007541 10061024 cardiac disorder AE HPO: HP_0001627 SIDER: C0018799 OAE:0000085 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a vascular disorder outcome 10047065 vascular disorder AE OAE:0000086 a skin adverse event that results in an inflammation of skin SS, YH 10012431 dermatitis AE HPO: HP_0011123 SIDER: C0011603 OAE:0000087 a drug adverse event that is induced by aspirin. YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced adverse event OAE:0000088 an aspirin-induced adverse event that is induced by the aspirin drug Aspidrox. Aspidrox-induced adverse event OAE:0000089 an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of nausea YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced nausea AE OAE:0000090 an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of vomiting YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced vomiting AE OAE:0000091 an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of stomach pain YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced stomach pain AE OAE:0000092 an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of heartburn YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced heartburn AE OAE:0000093 an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of rash symptom. YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced rash AE OAE:0000095 YH a drug adverse event that is caused by a drug adiministration. Here a causal effect is established between the drug administration and the adverse event. causal adverse drug event OAE:0000103 YH a pathogen infection adverse event that has an outcome of a fungal infection. 10017533 fungal infection AE HPO: HP_0002841 SIDER: C0026946 OAE:0000162 a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory neuropathy that involves damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system. YH, AG sensory neuropathy AE sensory neuropathy AE OAE:0000165 a neuropathy AE that is induced by a drug administration AG, YH https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000700.htm drug-induced neuropathy AE OAE:0000166 Tremor AE is a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an involuntary trembling or quivering, and muscle contraction and relaxation. SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tremor.html 10044565 tremor AE CTCAE: E12837 HPO: HP_0001337 NCIt: C38038 SIDER: C0040822 OAE:0000179 a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a drug-drug interaction. YH, LT WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+interaction 10013710 causal adverse drug event due to drug-drug interaction OAE:0000180 a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a food-drug interaction. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to food-drug interaction OAE:0000181 a causal adverse drug event that is induced bygenetic predisposition. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition OAE:0000182 a causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition that is specifically induced by SNP. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to SNP OAE:0000199 an adverse event that occurs in hair, skin, or nail. hair, skin, and nail AE YH, SS, JX hair, skin or nail AE OAE:0000200 a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in hair. YH, SS hair AE OAE:0000201 a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in nail. YH, SS nail AE OAE:0000202 a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that occurs in endocrine system. 10014698 YH, SS endocrine system AE OAE:0000210 a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that has an outcome of hepatitis. YH hepatitis AE HPO: HP_0006562 SIDER: C0019158 OAE:0000218 a decreased heart rate AE that results in a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minutes (BPM). WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradycardia WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bradycardia 10006093 bradycardia AE HPO: HP_0001662 SIDER: C0428977 OAE:0000222 a bupropion-induced adverse event that is induced by aplenzin administration YH aplenzin-induced adverse event OAE:0000226 an adverse event that occurs in the site of a medical intervention (e.g., vaccination injection site). YH application site reaction 10003055 medical intervention site AE OAE:0000227 a site that is used for a medical intervention YH medical intervention site OAE:0000236 a vascular disorder AE that affects the artery SS arterial disease AE arterial disorder AE HPO: HP_0002620 SIDER: C0852949 OAE:0000243 a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003609/ 10000060 abdominal distension AE CTCAE: E10456 HPO: HP_0003270 NCIt: C78161 SIDER: C0000731 OAE:0000247 a behavioral and neurological AE that results in odd dreams DJ, SS, YH 10000125 abnormal dreams AE OAE:0000250 a skin AE that is characterized by pimples generally on the face, chest and back, caused by clogging of the pores DJ, SS, YH acne vulgaris AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acne 10000496 acne AE HPO: HP_0001061 SIDER: C0702166 OAE:0000268 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of acute leukopenia, or lowered white blood cell count, most commonly of neutrophils causing neutropenia in circulating blood JX, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001295.htm 粒性白血球缺乏症 10001507 agranulocytosis AE HPO: HP_0001913 SIDER: C0001824 OAE:0000270 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal blood level of alanine aminotransferase DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 10001547 alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE OAE:0000272 an alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alanine transaminase, an enzyme most commonly found in the liver DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 10001551 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE CTCAE: E12077 NCIt: C26948 OAE:0000275 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942684 10001928 amenorrhoea AE SIDER: C0002453; HPO: HP_0000141 OAE:0000287 Aplastic anaemia AE is an anemia AE that occurs when the bone marrow, and the blood stem cells that reside there are damaged. This causes a deficiency of all three blood cell types (pancytopenia): red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). DJ, SS, JX, YH aplastic anemia WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23292240 再生障碍性贫血 10002967 aplastic anaemia AE HPO: HP_0001915 SIDER: C0002874 OAE:0000300 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry. SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety 10002855 anxiety AE CTCAE: E12883 HPO: HP_0000739 NCIt: C26696 SIDER: C0003467 OAE:0000302 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, woozy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating. SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_disorder 10049848 balance disorder AE HPO: HP_0002141 SIDER: C0575090 OAE:0000306 convulsion AE is a muscle adverse event that results in a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convulsion 10010904 convulsion AE HPO: HP_0001250 SIDER: C0009951 OAE:0000308 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of distortion of the sense of taste SS, YH, MW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia 10013911 dysgeusia AE CTCAE:E12643 HPO: HP_0000223 NCIt:C28145 SIDER: C0013378 OAE:0000309 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of dyskinesia SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyskinesia 10013916 dyskinesia is a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements dyskinesia AE HPO: HP_0100660 SIDER: C0013384 OAE:0000310 dyspnoea AE is an abnormal respiration AE debilitating symptom that is the experience of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations, shortness of breath, air hunger MedDRA: 10013968 is for "dyspnoea"; MedDRA: 10013963 is for "dyspnea". SS, YH dyspnoea AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspnoea 呼吸困难 10013963 10013968 dyspnea AE CTCAE: E13368 HPO: HP_0002094 NCIt: C2998 SIDER: C0013404 UMLS CUI: C0013404 OAE:0000312 eye irritation AE is an eye disorder AE that results in mild eye redness, itching, or tearing SS, YH WEB: http://www.freemd.com/eye-irritation/ 10015946 eye irritation AE HPO: HP_0000478 SIDER: C0235266 OAE:0000316 a cardiac disorder AE of the electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate, generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. SS cardiac conduction disorder AE conduction disorder AE WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8407 10000032 10010276 conduction system disorder AE CTCAE: E10114 NCIt: C78245 OAE:0000317 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of hypoaesthesia, meaning that skin loses some of its sensitivity to pain or touch SS, YH disesthesia AE hypoaesthesia AE WEB:http://medguides.medicines.org.uk/document.aspx?name=hypoaesthesia 10020937 hypoesthesia AE HPO: HP_0010830 SIDER: C0020580 OAE:0000319 a viral infection AE that demonstrates an influenza viral infection. Influenza is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds and mammals SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza influenza AE HPO: HP_0005376 MDR: 10022000 SIDER: C0021400 OAE:0000320 a coronary artery disease AE with the outcome hardening of the coronary artery due to a build up of waxy plaque on the inside of blood vessels DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coronary+Arteriosclerosis 10003211 arteriosclerosis coronary artery AE HPO: HP_0004929 SIDER: C0010054 OAE:0000328 an adverse event that occurs in kidney. SS, YH abnormal renal function AE 10038428 kidney AE OAE:0000329 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an increase in production, secretion, and shedding of tears SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6199 10023644 lacrimation increased AE HPO: HP_0009926 SIDER: C0152227 OAE:0000333 a muscle AE that has an outcome of muscular weakness AE (i.e., lack of muscle strength). SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_weakness 10028372 muscular weakness AE HPO: HP_0001324 SIDER: C0151786 OAE:0000335 nasal congestion AE is a respiratory system AE that results in a blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion 10028735 nasal congestion AE CTCAE: E13450 HPO: HP_0001742 NCIt: C78500 SIDER: C0027424 OAE:0000336 a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system SS, YH common cold AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngitis nasopharyngitis AE HPO: HP_0002087 SIDER: C0027441 OAE:0000337 an neuropathy AE that results in a damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS, outside the brain and spinal cord), the vast communication network that transmits information from the brain and the spinal cord (the central nervous system) to every other part of the body. SS, YH neuropathy peripheral AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropathy.htm 10029331 peripheral neuropathy AE OAE:0000339 a pain AE that has an outcome of oropharyngeal pain SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oropharyngeal_airway 10068319 oropharyngeal pain is a pain in oral airway oropharyngeal pain AE HPO: HP_0010833 SIDER: C2363731 OAE:0000340 an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of otitis media that results in inflammation of the middle ear, or middle ear infection SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media 10033078 otitis media AE CTCAE: E11477 HPO: HP_0008623 NCIt: C34885 SIDER: C0029882 OAE:0000343 pharyngitis AE is a digestive system AE that results in an inflammation of the throat or pharynx SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngitis 10034835 pharyngitis AE CTCAE: E11525 HPO: HP_0100776 NCIt: C26851 SIDER: C0031350 OAE:0000344 a pain AE that shows a pain in sinus and throat SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/1631/ 10034844 pharyngolaryngeal pain AE CTCAE: E13482 HPO: HP_0010833 NCIt: C78556 SIDER: C0858635 OAE:0000350 rhinitis AE is a respiratory system inflammation characterized by runny nose,irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose SS, YH runny nose WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhinitis 10028116 rhinitis AE HPO: HP_0002257 SIDER: C0035455 OAE:0000351 rhinorrhoea AE is a respiratory system AE that results in runny nose, an unusually significant amount of nasal fluid SS, YH rhinorrhoea AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhoea rhinorrhea AE OAE:0000354 sneezing AE is a respiratory system adverse event that results in sternutation, a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa SS, YH, MW sternutation WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneezing 10041232 sneezing AE CTCAE:E13572 NCIt:C50746 OAE:0000355 an increased heart rate AE where the heart rate exceeds the normal range for a resting heartrate (heartrate in an inactive or sleeping individual) SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia 10043071 tachycardia AE HPO: HP_0001649 SIDER: C0039231 OAE:0000358 an infection AE is a respiratory system AE that results in illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx SS, YH URI, URTI WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infection 10046300 upper respiratory tract infection AE CTCAE: E11604 HPO: HP_0002788 NCIt: C35650 SIDER: C0041912 OAE:0000360 a paresthesia AE that occurs in oral area. SS, YH paraesthesia oral AE http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-paresthesia 10057372 paraesthesia oral is a paresthesia that results in a numbness or tingling that occurs in the mucosa or tissues of the oral cavity. paresthesia oral AE HPO: HP_0003401 SIDER: C0521591 OAE:0000361 an abnormal body temperature AE which has an outcome of fever YH, SS, MW body temperature increased AE febrile response pyrexia AE Axelrod YK1, Diringer MN. Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders. Neurol Clin. 2008 May;26(2):585-603, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID: 18514828. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrexia 10005911 10016558 10037660 Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1-2 °F). fever AE CTCAE: E11102 NCIt: C3038 OAE:0000362 a skin AE that shows the symptom of rash, i.e., an abnormal change in skin color, appearance, or texture. A rash may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. YH URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash URL: http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/common-rashes Wick JY. Drug-induced rash: nuisance or threat? Consult Pharm. 2013 Mar;28(3):160-6. PMID: 23462025. 10037844 Drug-induced rash is the most commonly reported drug reaction. rash AE HPO: HP_0000988 SIDER: C0015230 OAE:0000363 an adverse event that has an outcome of a pathogen infection, i.e., an infection caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacterium, or parasite. change of name from 'infection adverse event' to 'infectious adverse event' on 09/23/13 for a better clinical relevance, move 'infection adverse event' as an alternative term - SS YH, JX infectious adverse event WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection infection 10021789 infection AE OAE:0000364 An AE that has an outcome of syndrome. Syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs (observed by a physician), symptoms (reported by the patient), phenomena or characteristics that often occur together, so that the presence of one feature alerts the physician to the presence of the others. YH syndrome AE OAE:0000365 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of emotional state of excitement or restlessness YH, MW 10001497 agitation AE CTCAE:E12874 HPO: HP_0000711 NCIt:C79530 SIDER: C0085631 OAE:0000366 injection-site AE is an AE that occurs in an injection site (e.g., during vaccination). YH, JX, SS injection site AE injection-site adverse event injection-site reaction local reaction AE 10022095 injection-site AE CTCAE: E11138 NCIt: C3508 OAE:0000373 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of pruritus YH, SS, MW itch itching pruritus generalised AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=mesh&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=pruritus+generalised&log$=activity 10037087 Pruritus is an itch (Latin: pruritus), i.e., an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch. pruritus AE CTCAE:E13686 HPO: HP_0000989 NCIt:C3344 SIDER: C0033774 OAE:0000374 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of pain in a patient YH, MW 10033371 pain AE CTCAE: E11167 HPO: HP_0010833 NCIt: C3303 SIDER: C0030193 OAE:0000375 a pain AE that has outcome of myalgia. Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. YH, MW muscle pain AE 10028411 myalgia AE CTCAE:E12485 HPO: HP_0003326 NCIt:C27009 SIDER: C0231528 OAE:0000376 Urticaria AE is a rash AE notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps. YH, MW hives 10046735 urticaria AE CTCAE:E13746 HPO: HP_0001025 NCIt:C3432 SIDER: C0042109 OAE:0000377 a pain AE that has an outcome of headache YH, MW 10019211 headache AE CTCAE: E12678 HPO: HP_0002315 NCIt: C34661 SIDER: C0018681 OAE:0000378 an AE that occurs in respiratory system. I created this term and make it to be an umbrella term for different disorder terms related to respiratory system. --Oliver He YH respiratory system AE OAE:0000381 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal blood pressure, representing altered tension of the blood within the systemic arteries abnormal blood pressure AE MP: MP_0000230 OAE:0000382 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of asthenia, which is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength. YH 10003549 asthenia AE HPO: HP_0001324 SIDER: C0004093 OAE:0000384 A rash AE that shows a flat, red area on the skin overed with small confluent bumps. YH, MW maculopapular rash AE rash maculo-papular AE rash maculopapular AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maculopapular_rash 10037868 The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps. maculo-papular rash AE CTCAE:E13700 NCIt:C75579 OAE:0000385 An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of arthralgia. Arthralgia means joint pain. It is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication. According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory. YH, MW 10003239 arthralgia AE CTCAE:E12374 HPO: HP_0002829 NCIt:C50464 SIDER: C0003862 OAE:0000388 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of dizziness YH, SS, MW 10013573 Dizziness describes a number of subjective symptoms, which the patient may describe as feelings of lightheadedness, floating, wooziness, giddiness, confusion, disorientation or loss of balance. Medical terms include vertigo, disequilibrium, pre-syncope or syncoptic episode. Causes may stem from a variety of failures of equilibrioception, hypotension, cerebral hypoxia or a reaction to environmental chemicals or drugs. dizziness AE CTCAE:E12631 HPO: HP_0002321 NCIt:C37943 SIDER: C0012833 OAE:0000389 peripheral edema AE is an edema AE that results in swelling of tissues, usually in the lower limbs, due to the accumulation of fluids YH, SS edema peripheral AE oedema peripheral AE peripheral edema AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_edema 10030124 10050068 edema limbs AE CTCAE: E11086 NCIt: C78262 OAE:0000390 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of malaise YH 10025482 Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling. Malaise is often the first indication of an infection or other disease. Vaccination may induce malaise. malaise AE CTCAE: E11152 HPO: HP_0002321 NCIt: C3832 SIDER: C0231218 OAE:0000391 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of somnolence YH, SS, MW drowsiness 10041349 Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (c.f. hypersomnia). somnolence AE CTCAE:E12814 HPO: HP_0001262 NCIt:C26754 SIDER: C2830004 OAE:0000392 a sensory neuropathy AE that shows a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. YH, MW paraesthesia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraesthesia 10033775 10033987 Paresthesia is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb being "asleep" (although this is not directly related to the phenomenon of sleep). The manifestation of paresthesia may be transient or chronic. paresthesia AE CTCAE: E12758 NCIt: C28177 OAE:0000393 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of abnormal crying in a patient YH 10011469 crying abnormal AE OAE:0000394 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of chills YH feeling cold AE 10008531 Chills refers to feeling cold after an exposure to a cold environment. The word can also refer to an episode of shivering, accompanied by paleness and feeling cold. chills AE CTCAE: E11074 HPO: HP_0001945 NCIt: C35143 SIDER: C0085593 OAE:0000396 a gustatory system AE which demonstrates a decreased sensation of appetite. YH, MW anorexia nervosa AE decreased appetite AE WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia/basics/definition/con-20033002 厌食症 10002646 10002649 10061428 anorexia AE CTCAE: E12252 HPO: HP_0002039 NCIt: C2875 SIDER: C0003123 OAE:0000397 face edema AE is an edema AE that results in facial swelling, the build-up of fluid in the tissues of the face. Swelling may also affect the neck and upper arms YH, SS, MW emema face AE face oedema AE oedema face AE WEB:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003105.htm swelling face 10014222 10016029 10042682 face edema AE CTCAE: E11082 NCIt: C78289 OAE:0000398 an abnormal respiration AE that shows a sudden and often repetitively occurring reflex to keep the throat and airways clear YH, SS, MW coughing AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cough.html cough 10011224 cough AE CTCAE:E13364 NCIt:C37935 OAE:0000399 a syndrome AE that has an outcome of a flu syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention. YH flu-like symptom AE flu syndrome AE CTCAE: E11108 NCIt: C78302 OAE:0000400 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of loss of consciousness, fainting YH, SS, MW Syncope is the medical term for fainting, a sudden, usually temporary, loss of consciousness. fainting WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_%28medicine%29 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness 10024855 10042772 syncope AE CTCAE: E12832 HPO: HP_0001279 NCIt: C35053 SIDER: C0039070 OAE:0000401 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of sweating According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sweating' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,301 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH sweating AE HPO: HP_0000975 SIDER: C0038990 OAE:0000402 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abdominal pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,254 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, SS WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain 10000081 a pain AE that is observed in abdominal cavity abdominal pain AE HPO: HP_0002027 SIDER: C0000737 OAE:0000403 an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states YH, SS, MW blood pressure increased WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722707 10005750 10020772 hypertension AE CTCAE: E13785 HPO: HP_0000822 MP: MP_0000231 NCIt: C3117 SIDER: C0020538 OAE:0000406 a pain AE that occurs at the chest According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'chest pain' was mentioned in 1,752 VAERS reports (1.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH 10008479 chest pain AE HPO: HP_0001681 SIDER: C0008031 OAE:0000409 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of twitching, an involuntary sudden movement of part of the body. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'twitching' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,511 VAERS reports (1.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH twitching AE OAE:0000411 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of asthma YH 哮喘 10003553 Asthma is a common chronic lung disease. It has been defined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute as a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bronchospasm), and an underlying inflammation. asthma AE HPO: HP_0002099 SIDER: C0004096 OAE:0000412 a pain AE that has an outcome of neck pain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neck pain' was mentioned in 1,323 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW 10028836 neck pain AE CTCAE: E12493 HPO: HP_0003418 NCIt: C50663 SIDER: C0007859 OAE:0000414 a pain AE that has an outcome of back pain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'back pain' was mentioned in 1,277 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW 10003988 back pain AE CTCAE:E12388 HPO: HP_0003418 NCIt:C41830 SIDER: C0004604 OAE:0000415 a hair AE that has an outcome of alopecia and occurs after a medical intervention. VAE, MW 10001760 alopecia means the absence of hair or loss of hair. It is not usually in reference to primary genetic hairlessness but may be due to dietary, stress, secondary to immune condition. alopecia AE CTCAE:E13611 HPO: HP_0001596 MP: MP_0000414 NCIt:C50575 SIDER: C0002170 OAE:0000418 a nervous system AE that shows a damage to or disease affecting the nerves. Neuropathy is often classified according to the types or location of nerves that are affected. Neuropathy can also be classified according to the disease causing it. (For example, neuropathy from the effects of diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. Ref: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy. YH, RR WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147963.php WEB: http://www.neuropathy.org/ 神经病变 neuropathy AE HPO: HP_0007141 SIDER: C0442874 OAE:0000421 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hypokinesia, refering to slow or diminished movement of body musculature. YH 10021021 hypokinesia AE HPO: HP_0002375 SIDER: C0086439 OAE:0000422 Muscle twitch AE is a twitching AE that is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation which may be visible under the skin. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciculation fasciculation AE muscle contraction AE myokymia AE 10028346 muscle twitch AE OAE:0000423 skin discoloration AE is a skin adverse event that results in change in color of skin or mucus membranes According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin discoloration' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 909 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, SS skin discolouration AE 10040829 skin discoloration AE OAE:0000426 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of disorder in speech YH 10041466 speech disorder AE HPO: HP_0006977 SIDER: C0037822 OAE:0000427 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of hemorrhage bleeding AE haemorrhage AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhage 10055798 loss of blood from the vascular compartment to the exterior or into nonvascular body space as a result of rupture or severance of the blood vessels hemorrhage AE MP: MP_0001914 OAE:0000435 a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in muscle. YH muscle AE OAE:0000436 an adverse event that occurs in liver, biliary, and pancreatic areas. YH, JX liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorder AE URL: http://www.ijhpd.com/ WEB: http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=P00670 hepatobiliary or pancreatic AE OAE:0000439 an AE that occurs in digestive system. YH digestive system AE OAE:0000441 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of confusion, which is a mild form of delirium. YH, KM confused state AE mental confusion AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mental+confusion 10010300 10010305 confusion AE CTCAE: E12889 NCIt: C37928 OAE:0000442 a musculoskeletal system AE which has an outcome of joint disorder YH joint disorder AE OAE:0000443 an AE that occurs in eye. YH eye disorder AE 10015916 eye AE HPO: HP_0000496 SIDER: C0015397 OAE:0000445 a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of sedimentation rate increased According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sedimentation rate increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 530 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). This term should be inferred to lab test abnormal. YH ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE sedrate Sedimentation rate is a diagnostic test for inflammation. The test measures the rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a tube over time. An increased sedimentation rate corresponds to increased non-specific inflammation in the body. It is often called "sedrate" for short. red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE is an AE: sedimentation rate increased that has an increase in rate at which red blood cells precipitate in a period of 1 hour. sedimentation rate increased AE OAE:0000453 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of dyspepsia According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dyspepsia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 454 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH 10013946 Dyspepsia is popularly known as indigestion, meaning hard or difficult digestion. It is a medical condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected when eating. dyspepsia AE CTCAE: E10617 HPO: HP_0002577 NCIt: C26756 SIDER: C0013395 OAE:0000454 an allergy AE which has an outcome of anaphylactoid reaction AE is an acute systemic (multi-system) and very severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other mammals. Minute amounts of allergens may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'anaphylactoid reaction' was mentioned in 452 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293078 10002198 10002216 anaphylactoid reaction AE HPO: HP_0100845 SIDER: C0340865 OAE:0000455 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of a gastrointestinal disorder According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastrointestinal disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 449 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH gastrointestinal disorder AE HPO: HP_0011024 SIDER: C0017178 OAE:0000456 an edema AE that has an outcome of accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296107 10003445 ascites AE CTCAE: E10502 HPO: HP_0001541 NCIt: C2885 SIDER: C0003962 OAE:0000460 a dizziness AE that has an outcome of vertigo According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'vertigo' was mentioned in 412 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH 10047340 Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness, a major symptom of a balance disorder. It is the sensation of spinning or swaying while the body is actually stationary with respect to the surroundings. The effects of vertigo may be slight. It can cause nausea and vomiting and, in severe cases, it may give rise to difficulties with standing and walking. vertigo AE CTCAE: E10291 HPO: HP_0002321 NCIt: C38057 SIDER: C0042571 OAE:0000461 a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of heartarrest, the abrupt cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively during systole. YH cardiopulmonary arrest circulatory arrest heart arrest AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+arrest 10007515 10007617 10028596 cardiac arrest CTCAE: E10101 NCIT: C50479 OAE:0000462 a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of bronchitis YH Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. bronchitis AE HPO: HP_0002837 SIDER: C0006277 OAE:0000464 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE which shows an abnormal test result in a liver function test, indicating aberrant function of liver. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'liver function tests abnormal' was mentioned in 717 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+function 10019670 10024690 liver function test abnormal AE MP: MP_0000609 OAE:0000465 an AE that occurs in ear. YH ear disorder AE ear AE HPO: HP_0000598 SIDER: C0013447 OAE:0000466 an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by virus YH, SS viral infection WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infection viral infection AE HPO: HP_0005364 SIDER: C0042769 OAE:0000468 a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of jaundice, which is the clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, with deposition of bile pigments in the skin, resulting in yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'jaundice' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 317 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SS, YH icterus AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundice 10023126 jaundice AE HPO: HP_0000952 MP: MP_0000611 SIDER: C0022346 OAE:0000470 a pain AE that has an outcome of eye pain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'eye pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 316 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH 10015958 eye pain AE CTCAE: E10376 HPO: HP_0200025 NCIt: C78287 SIDER: C0151827 OAE:0000471 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of palpitation YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations 10033557 A palpitation is an abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency. palpitation AE OAE:0000474 an edema AE which has an outcome of angioedema YH, SJ angioneurotic edema WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/basics/definition/con-20014815 10002473 Angioedema is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues often around the eyes and lips. It is very similar to urticaria, but urticaria, commonly known as hives, occurs in the upper dermis. angioedema AE OAE:0000476 an AE that occurs in immune system. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'immune system disorder' was mentioned in 292 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH immune system disorder AE immune system AE HPO: HP_0002715 SIDER: C0021053 OAE:0000479 a headache AE that has an outcome of migraine According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'migraine'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 267 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH migraine headache A migraine is a very painful type of headache. People who get migraines often describe the pain as pulsing or throbbing in one area of the head. During migraines, people are very sensitive to light and sound. They may also become nauseated and vomit. migraine AE HPO: HP_0002076 SIDER: C0149931 OAE:0000482 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of amnesia in a patient YH, MW 10001949 Amnesia is a short term memory condition in which memory is disturbed. In simple terms it is the loss of memory. amnesia AE CTCAE:E12585 HPO: HP_0002354 NCIt:C2867 SIDER: C0002622 OAE:0000488 an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by bacteria YH, SS bacterial infection AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_infection 10060945 bacterial infection AE HPO: HP_0002718 SIDER: C0004623 OAE:0000489 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin striae that displays irregular areas of skin that look like bands, stripes, or lines. Striae are seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly or has certain diseases or conditions. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin striae'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 247 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH stretch marks striae distensae skin striae AE HPO: HP_0001065 SIDER: C0152459 OAE:0000490 a syndrome AE that has an outcome of an acute brain syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention. YH acute brain syndrome AE OAE:0000492 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hyperkinesia, an abnormal increase in muscular activity. YH 10020651 hyperkinesia AE HPO: HP_0002487 SIDER: C0424295 OAE:0000493 an AE that occurs in cardiovascular system. YH cardiovascular disorder AE 10007649 cardiovascular AE HPO: HP_0001626 SIDER: C0007222 OAE:0000494 a nervous system AE which has an outcome of encephalopathy, which is disorder or disease of the brain. YH, MW 10014625 encephalopathy AE CTCAE:E12652 HPO: HP_0007239 NCIt:C26920 SIDER: C0085584 OAE:0000495 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urine abnormality AE YH urine abnormality AE HPO: HP_0011036 SIDER: C0235639 OAE:0000496 a gastrointestinal disorder AE which has an outcome of gastroenteritis, an inflammation occuring in the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach and the small intestine, often results in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain and cramping According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastroenteritis' was mentioned in 218 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastroenteritis 10017888 gastroenteritis AE HPO: HP_0004386 SIDER: C0017160 OAE:0000498 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urnary tract infection AE YH 10046571 urinary tract infection AE CTCAE: E11614 HPO: HP_0000094 NCIt: C50791 SIDER: C0042029 OAE:0000500 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of depression. Depression causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. YH, MW WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/definition/con-20032977 10012378 depression AE CTCAE:E12909 HPO: HP_0000716 NCIt:C2982 SIDER: C0011570 OAE:0000501 a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of diabetes mellitus YH diabetes AE 10012601 Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). diabetes mellitus AE HPO: HP_0000819 SIDER: C0011849 OAE:0000503 a muscle spasm AE which has an outcome of generalized spasm, which is an involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL) or smooth muscle (MUSCLE, SMOOTH). YH generalized spasm AE OAE:0000505 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dry mouth, which is dryness of the mouth resulting from reduced salivary secretion According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dry mouth'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 171 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH xerostomia 10013781 dry mouth AE CTCAE: E10578 HPO: HP_0000217 NCIt: C26917 SIDER: C0043352 OAE:0000508 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of epistaxis YH, MW nosebleed 10015090 Epistaxis is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage from the nose, usually noticed when the blood drains out through the nostrils. epistaxis AE CTCAE:E13374 HPO: HP_0000421 NCIt:C26766 SIDER: C0014591 OAE:0000509 a syndrome AE that displays a lupus syndrome. Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs. YH, JX lupus syndrome AE 狼疮样综合征 WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lupus/ lupus AE OAE:0000512 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of hallucination YH, MW hallucinations AE 10019063 10019077 A hallucination, in the broadest sense, is a perception in the absence of a stimulus. In a stricter sense, hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. hallucination AE CTCAE: E12919 HPO: HP_0000738 NCIt: C37961 SIDER: C0018524 OAE:0000514 a pain AE that has an outcome of neuralgia According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neuralgia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 155 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW 10029223 Neuralgia or neuropathic pain can be defined most simply as non-nociceptive pain. Neuralgia is pain produced by a change in neurological structure or function. Unlike nociceptive pain, Neuralgia exists with no continuous nociceptive input. Neuralgia falls into two categories: central Neuralgia and peripheral Neuralgia. neuralgia AE CTCAE:E12744 HPO: HP_0003489 NCIt:C79695 SIDER: C0027796 OAE:0000518 a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in the bone YH bone disorder 10005956 bone AE HPO: HP_0000924 SIDER: C0005940 OAE:0000521 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of muscle spasm, which is an involuntary and often painful muscle contraction or cramps having a number of causes ranging from nutritional deficiency to serious nervous system conditions SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm 10028334 muscle spasm AE MP: MP_0000743 OAE:0000522 a connective tissue disorder AE that occurs at the location of tendon A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'tendon disorder'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 137 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH Tendon disorder is a medical condition that results in a tendon not functioning normally. tendon disorder AE OAE:0000523 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of hostility YH 10020400 hostility AE OAE:0000524 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of visual field defect SS, YH visual impairment AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment 10047555 10047571 visual field defect AE OAE:0000532 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal stool According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal stools' was mentioned in 111 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH abnormal stool AE OAE:0000533 a pain AE that has an outcome of bone pain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'bone pain' was mentioned in 109 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW 10006002 bone pain AE CTCAE:E12392 HPO: HP_0002653 NCIt:C38644 SIDER: C0151825 OAE:0000536 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of flatulence According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'flatulence' was mentioned in 102 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH 10016766 Flatulence is the production of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of mammals or other animals that are byproducts of the digestion process. Such a mixture of gases is known as flatus, and is expelled from the rectum in a process colloquially referred to as "passing gas" or "farting". flatulence AE CTCAE: E10697 HPO: HP_0011024 NCIt: C37954 SIDER: C0016204 OAE:0000541 a physical examination result abnormal AE that has an outcome of weight loss, which is the progressive reduction of body weight below normal average for age MW, YH weight decreased AE 10047895 10047900 weight loss AE CTCAE: E12228 MP: MP_0001263 NCIt: C3445 OAE:0000542 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'ataxia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 555 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW 10003591 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of ataxia, inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements ataxia AE CTCAE:E12597 HPO: HP_0001251 MP: MP_0001393 NCIt:C26702 SIDER: C0004134 OAE:0000543 a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in skin. YH WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/skin+disorder 10040831 skin AE OAE:0000544 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of unusual or distinctive way of walking According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal gait' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 998 VAERS reports (0.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SS, YH gait disturbance AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224774 10017577 abnormal gait AE CTCAE: E11112 MP: MP_0001406 NCIt: C78303 OAE:0000545 an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of dehydration, which is an excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part YH, SS, MW hypohydration 10012174 dehydration AE CTCAE:E12258 HPO: HP_0001944 MP: MP_0001429 NCIt:C26740 SIDER: C0011175 OAE:0000546 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal fluid regulation, which is any anomaly in the control of intracellular and/or extracellular fluid abnormal fluid regulation AE MP: MP_0001784 OAE:0000547 a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hyperglycemia, which is an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood; generally refers to a pathological state YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperglycemia 10020635 10020639 hyperglycemia AE CTCAE: E12276 MP: MP_0001559 NCIt: C26797 OAE:0000550 a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of anemia, which is less than normal levels of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin within red blood cells, or volume of packed red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygenation of tissues and organs anaemia AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001586/ 10002034 10002272 anemia AE CTCAE: E10010 MP: MP_0001577 NCIt: C2869 OAE:0000551 an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states YH, MW blood pressure decreased, low blood pressure 10005734 10021097 hypotension AE CTCAE: E13791 HPO: HP_0002615 MP: MP_0001596 NCIt: C3128 SIDER: C0020649 OAE:0000553 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal level of an electrolyte in the blood YH, MW electrolyte blood test abnormal AE OAE:0000554 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal digestion, which is an altered ability of the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic processes of the body to convert ingested food into material suitable for assimilation for synthesis of tissues or liberation of energy abnormal digestion AE MP: MP_0001664 OAE:0000555 an AE that occurs in the homeostasis system. anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of various functions and chemical or protein composition of the fluids and tissues homeostasis AE MP: MP_0001764 OAE:0000556 an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of edema, which is an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues oedema, swelling, dropsy WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedema WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_(medical) 10016807 10030095 10042674 edema AE MP: MP_0001785 OAE:0000557 an immune system disorder AE that results in complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue greater than expected response to injury, infection, or insult. SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation 10061218 inflammation AE HPO: HP_0007891 MP: MP_0001846 SIDER: C0021368 OAE:0000558 an inflammation AE which has an outcome of brain inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'encephalitis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 480 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). brain inflammation AE MP: MP_0001847 OAE:0000560 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of eye inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the eye 10015943 eye inflammation AE HPO: HP_0100533 MP: MP_0001851 SIDER: C0239429 OAE:0000561 an eye inflammation AE which has an outcome of conjunctivitis, which is inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball 10010741 conjunctivitis AE CTCAE: E10355 HPO: HP_0000509 MP: MP_0001852 NCIt: C34504 SIDER: C0009763 OAE:0000562 an inflammation AE that shows a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the liver According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hepatitis' was mentioned in 387 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, JX liver inflammation AE MP: MP_0001860 OAE:0000564 an inflammation AE which occurs in the respiratory system, which is reflected with the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the respiratory system respiratory system inflammation AE MP: MP_0002405 OAE:0000565 an inflammation AE that has an outcome of vasculitis, which is an inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel It's an inflammation. YH, MW 10047115 vasculitis AE CTCAE:E13837 HPO: HP_0002633 MP: MP_0001864 NCIt:C26912 SIDER: C0042384 OAE:0000567 a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of sinus inflammation, an inflammation of paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sinusitis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 298 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SS, YH, RR sinus inflammation AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis 10040753 sinusitis AE CTCAE: E11563 HPO: HP_0000246 MP: MP_0001872 NCIt: C35024 SIDER: C0037199 OAE:0000568 a hypersensitivity AE which results in an allergic response showing a marked increase in reactivity to an antigen upon subsequent exposure. JX, LW, YH allergic reaction AE allergic response AE anaphylactic reaction AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy 变态反应 过敏反应 10001718 10001738 allergy AE CTCAE: E11248 MP: MP_0001878 NCIt: C3114 OAE:0000570 an AE that occurs in nervous system. KY, YH nervous system disorder AE URL: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/overview_of_nervous_system_disorders_85,P00799/ 10029202 nervous system AE MP: MP_0003633 OAE:0000571 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of abnormal respiration, an anomaly in the movement of gases into and out of the lung According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'respiratory disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 556 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). Not sure if it is same as respiratory system disorder or abnormal respiration. --Oliver He abnormal respiration AE MP: MP_0001943 OAE:0000572 an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of apnea, temporary cessation of breathing; sometimes episodic According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'apnea' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,618 VAERS reports (1.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). JX, YH, MW MedDRA: 10002974 is for "apnoea"; MedDRA: 10002972 is for "apnea". apnoea AE respiratory arrest AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apnea apnea AE CTCAE: E13306 MP: MP_0001957 NCIt: C26698 UMLS CUI: C0003578 OAE:0000574 an adverse event that occurs in a gustatory system YH, JX gustatory system AE MP: MP_0001985 OAE:0000577 an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of blindness, which is loss of the sense of sight 10005169 blindness AE HPO: HP_0000618 MP: MP_0002001 SIDER: C0456909 OAE:0000578 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal vision, which is an inability or decreased ability to see abnormal vision AE MP: MP_0002090 OAE:0000579 a behavior and neurological AE that shows a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. YH, JX, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures 突然发作 10039906 10039910 seizure AE CTCAE: E12804 MP: MP_0002064 NCIt: C2962 OAE:0000580 an adverse event that has an outcome of an abnormal behavior and neurological phenotype. YH, JX behavior AE behavioral AE behavioral disorder AE disruptive behavioral disorder AE WEB: http://www.psychguides.com/guides/behavioral-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-effects/ any anomaly in the actions, reactions, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to controls behavioral and neurological AE MP: MP_0004924 OAE:0000581 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of altered ability to coordinate voluntary movement or repetitive, compulsive movements 10028035 movement disorder AE HPO: HP_0100022 MP: MP_0002066 SIDER: C0026650 OAE:0000582 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of inability or altered ability to respond to a sensory stimulus sensory capability AE MP: MP_0002067 OAE:0000583 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of glucose homeostasis, which is an anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose in the fluids and tissues glucose homeostasis AE MP: MP_0002078 OAE:0000584 Hypersensitivity AE is a immune system AE that is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. JX, LW, YH hypersensitivity reaction AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity 超敏反应 10020751 hypersensitivity AE HPO: HP_0100326 MP: MP_0002148 SIDER: C0020517 OAE:0000588 an adverse event which occurs in a hematopoietic system, which is any structural or developmental anomaly of the blood cells or the organs associated with the development and formation of blood cells hematopoietic system AE MP: MP_0002396 OAE:0000590 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of greater than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute tachycardia WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia 10019303 increased heart rate AE MP: MP_0002626 OAE:0000593 An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of joint inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the joints YH joint inflammation AE MP: MP_0002933 OAE:0000595 an abnormal enzyme level AE which has an outcome of increased circulating alkaline phophatase level, which is an elevated activity of this enzyme, which hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters, found in the blood increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level AE MP: MP_0002968 OAE:0000596 A joint inflammation AE that has an outcome of arthritis, marked by changes in the synovial membranes and thickening of articular structures, widespread degeneration of the collagen fibers in connective tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures YH, MW 关节炎 10003246 arthritis AE CTCAE:E12378 HPO: HP_0001369 MP: MP_0002993 NCIt:C2883 SIDER: C0003864 OAE:0000599 a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of decreased platelet count, which is fewer than the normal numbers of the non-nucleated cells found in the blood and involved in blood coagulation SS, YH decreased platelet cell number AE 10035528 platelet count decreased AE CTCAE: E12207 HPO: HP_0001873 MP: MP_0003179 NCIt: C3408 SIDER: C0392386 OAE:0000600 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of nausea, a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit 10028813 nausea AE CTCAE: E10878 HPO: HP_0002018 MP: MP_0003259; MDR: 10028813 NCIt: C3258 SIDER: C0027497 OAE:0000601 regurgitation AE 10047700 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of vomiting, the retrograde expulsion of gastric contents through the oral cavity vomiting AE CTCAE: E11068 HPO: HP_0002013 MP: MP_0003260; MDR: 10047700 NCIt: C3442 SIDER: C0042963 OAE:0000602 an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of constipation, which is incomplete, infrequent or difficult evacuation of fecal matter According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'constipation'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 242 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). infrequent bowel movements AE 10010774 constipation AE CTCAE: E10562 HPO: HP_0002019 MP: MP_0003267 NCIt: C37930 SIDER: C0009806 OAE:0000603 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal defecation, an anomaly in the production and excretion of feces abnormal defecation AE MP: MP_0003866 OAE:0000607 an hearing disorder AE that shows a persistent sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, or other noises in the ear 10043882 tinnitus AE CTCAE: E10287 HPO: HP_0000360 MP: MP_0003741 NCIt: C50772 SIDER: C0040264 OAE:0000608 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of stomatitis, which is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth This is a type of inflammation. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomatitis 10042128 stomatitis AE HPO: HP_0010280 MP: MP_0003746 SIDER: C0038362 OAE:0000609 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of mouth mucosal ulceration, which is lesions through the mucous membrane of the mouth, usually associated with loss of tissue According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'mouth ulceration' was mentioned in 246 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). mouth mucosal ulceration AE MP: MP_0003747 OAE:0000610 a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of abnormal muscle tone, which is an anomaly in the resting tautness or laxity of a muscle, normally somewhere in the middle of the range between total contraction and total relaxation YH abnormal muscle tone AE MP: MP_0004142 OAE:0000611 an abnormal muscle tone AE which has an outcome of hypertonia, which is increased muscle tension resulting in stiffness of the muscles in the resting state YH 10020852 hypertonia AE HPO: HP_0001276 MP: MP_0004143 SIDER: C0026826 OAE:0000616 an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of diarrhea, which is abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel diarrhoea AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diarrhea 10012735 diarrhea AE CTCAE: E10572 MP: MP_0005036 NCIt: C2987 OAE:0000617 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hypoxia, which is a reduced concentration of O2 in the blood, alveoli or other tissues resulting in the decreased pressure of this component of body gases YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoxia 10021143 hypoxia AE CTCAE:E13388 HPO: HP_0002795 MP: MP_0005039 NCIt:C3890 SIDER: C0242184 OAE:0000618 an infectious adverse event which has an outcome of the presence of various pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues that results in the infections in blood stream. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sepsis' was mentioned in 416 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SS 10040047 sepsis AE CTCAE: E11560 HPO: HP_0002718 MP: MP_0005044 NCIt: C3364 SIDER: C0243026 OAE:0000619 a urinary system AE that results in the presence of blood in the urine YH, SJ, MW UMLS CUI: C0018965 (hematuria AND haematuria); UMLS CUI: C0947999 (blood urine presence) blood urine blood urine presence haematuria AE WEB: http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/hematuria/ 10018867 10018870 10019450 Hematuria AE can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, trauma, or infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), along with more serious disorders such as cancer, disease, and clotting. hematuria AE CTCAE: E13000 MP: MP_0005161 NCIt: C3090 OAE:0000620 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal enzyme level, which is an altered level of any enzyme or their cofactors, that act as catalysts to induce chemical changes in other substances abnormal enzyme level AE MP: MP_0005319 OAE:0000621 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of fewer than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute YH, JX heart rate decreased AE 10019301 decreased heart rate AE MP: MP_0005333 OAE:0000622 an adverse event that has an outcome of urinary system AE is a functional anomaly of any of the organs involved in the production or excretion of urine YH urinary system AE MP: MP_0005502 OAE:0000624 a homeostasis AE whic has an outcome of abnomal body temperature, which is a deviation in the level of heat natural to a living being abnormal body temperature AE MP: MP_0005535 OAE:0000625 a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of neuritis, the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain and/or spinal cord 10029240 neuritis AE MP: MP_0006082 OAE:0000628 an adverse event that is indicated by an abnormal result of an investigation that uses some laboratory equipment, device, or medical technology. This term is used to replace 'lab test abnormal AE'. The reason for this is that some test, like X-ray test, is not considered by many physicians as a lab test. Therefore, we have used this new term to cover a broader scope. All terms asserted under this term represent the investigation results without defined conclusion of disease. EB, SS, YH laboratory test abnormal 10061253 investigation result abnormal AE OAE:0000643 a pain AE that has an outcome of musculoskeletal pain SS, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/musculoskeletal-pain 10028391 Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, along with the bones. musculoskeletal pain AE HPO: HP_0003326 SIDER: C0026858 OAE:0000644 injection-site erythema AE is an erythema AE that results in redness of skin, caused by hyperermia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin at the physical area of injection SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/erythema 10022061 injection-site erythema AE OAE:0000645 Erythema AE is a skin adverse event that showns redness of the skin caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. SS, YH reddish skin WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema 10015150 erythema AE HPO: HP_0010783 MP:0001190 SIDER: C0041834 OAE:0000647 an inflammation AE that occurs in the lung. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia 10035664 pneumonia AE HPO: HP_0002090 SIDER: C0032285 OAE:0000650 an cardiovascular adverse event that is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels, generally the result of hemorrhage, or more specifically, internal bleeding. It is commonly called a bruise. YH: MedDRA ID: 10018852 is for "haematoma"; MedDRA ID: 10019428 is for "hematoma". SS, YH bruise AE bruising AE ecchymoses AE haematoma AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematoma 10006504 10018852 10019428 hematoma AE CTCAE: E13775 (hematoma); CTCAE: E11666 (brruising) HPO: HP_0001892 NCIt: C37921 (Bruising); NCIt: C50579 (Hematoma) SIDER: C0018944 OAE:0000651 reproductive system AE is an AE that occurs in the reproductive system. YH, SS reproductive system AE OAE:0000660 a cardiac disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal heart rhythm SS, YH abnormal heartbeat AE cardiac arrhythmia AE WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/arr/ 10003119 arrhythmia AE HPO: HP_0011675 MP: MP_0004085 SIDER: C0003811 OAE:0000681 periorbial edema AE is an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling around the eye. MedDRA: 10034545 is for "periorbital edema"; MedDRA: 10054541 is for "periorbital oedema" SS, YH periorbital oedema AE periorbital puffiness WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periorbital_puffiness Periorbital puffiness, also known as "puffy eyes" or swelling around the eyes, refers to the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits. periorbital edema AE CTCAE: E13676 NCIt: C78530 UMLS CUI: C0151205 OAE:0000684 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of foreign body SS, YH 10061549 sensation of foreign body AE OAE:0000685 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of heaviness SS, YH feeling heavy AE sensation of heaviness AE OAE:0000691 a skin AE that shows a result of skin ulcer, i.e., a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. SS, YH, MW skin ulcer AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_%28dermatology%29 10040943 10040947 skin ulceration AE CTCAE: E13730 HPO: HP_0200042 NCIt: C54247 SIDER: C0037299 OAE:0000698 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation a cardiovascular disorder AE which has an outcome of vasodilatation, which refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. vasodilatation AE HPO: HP_0004927 SIDER: C0595862 OAE:0000718 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB 10059571 blood alkaline phosphatase level abnormal AE OAE:0000720 a blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups. a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of ALP, an isoenzyme that removes phosphate groups commonly found in the bile ducts but also found in the bone DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alkaline+phosphatase 10001675 10059570 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE CTCAE: E12082 HPO: HP_0003155 NCIt: C35607 SIDER: C0852911 OAE:0000723 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal amount of bilirubin in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin 10058477 blood bilirubin level abnormal AE OAE:0000724 a blood bilirubin level abnormal AE with an outcome of a increased amount of bilirubin, or a yellow breakdown product (broken down hemoglobin) of normal heme catabolism, in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin 10005364 blood bilirubin level increased AE CTCAE: E12096 NCIt: C27088 OAE:0000738 A physical quality that has an decreased level of magnesium, a mineral involved in nerve signaling and bone health. Deficiency can cause spasms, and muscular cramps. DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4243 10005654 blood magnesium decreased HPO: HP_0002917 SIDER: C0853750 OAE:0000741 a physical quality where the blood potassium level is decreased. DJ, SS, YH, LW, MW 血钾下降 10005724 blood potassium decreased HPO: HP_0002900 OAE:0000752 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce normal amounts of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets DJ, SS, YH, MW bone marrrow hypocellular hypocellular bone marrow WEB: http://en.diagnosispro.com/differential_diagnosis-for/bx-bone-marrow-biopsy-hypocellular/29777-154.html WEB: http://www.drugs.com/condition/bone-marrow-depression-low-blood-counts.html 10005986 10048580 Bone marrow produces three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Bone marrow depression is characterized by an inability or reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce these cells. A low blood count can involve just one or all three types of blood cells. bone marrow depression AE CTCAE: E10022 HPO: HP_0012145 NCIt: C35167 SIDER: C0151773 UMLS: C0151773 OAE:0000753 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of disease in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside of some bones that contain stem cells that can develop into red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html 10061729 bone marrow disorder AE OAE:0000761 an edema AE that has an outcome of edema or swelling of the extravascular compartment from uptake of water in the gray and white matter DJ, SS, YH brain oedema AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+edema 10048962 brain edema AE HPO: HP_0002181 SIDER: C1527311 OAE:0000766 a pain AE that results in pain in the breast DJ, SS, YH, MW 10006298 breast pain AE CTCAE:E13073 HPO: HP_0000769 NCIt:C78223 SIDER: C0024902 OAE:0000767 a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of pain or discomfort in the breast, may be caused by small benign tumors DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979747 10006313 breast tenderness AE HPO: HP_0100749 SIDER: C0262397 OAE:0000771 a sensory capability AE that results in a feeling of burning DJ, SS, YH 10006784 burning sensation AE OAE:0000779 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in the inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body DJ, SS, YH heart failure WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+failure 10007554 10019279 cardiac failure AE CTCAE: E10124 HPO: HP_0001635 NCIt: C50577 SIDER: C0018801 OAE:0000780 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body DJ, SS, YH congestive heart failure WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congestive+heart+failure Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676684 10007559 cardiac failure congestive AE HPO: HP_0001635 SIDER: C0018802 OAE:0000785 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of deterioration of the function of the myocardium, usually leads to heart failure DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomyopathy WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy 10007636 cardiomyopathy AE HPO: HP_0001638 SIDER: C0878544 OAE:0000789 a eye disorder AE that results in cloudiness that develops in the eye DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cataract 10007739 cataract AE CTCAE: E10350 HPO: HP_0000518 NCIt: C26713 SIDER: C0086543 OAE:0000807 a discomfort AE that has an outcome of pain in the chest DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chest+pain 10008469 chest discomfort AE HPO: HP_0001681 SIDER: C0235710 OAE:0000825 an inflammation AE that occurs at the large intestine DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002112/ 10009887 colitis AE CTCAE: E10521 HPO: HP_0002583 NCIt: C26723 SIDER: C0009319 OAE:0000839 an adverse event that has an outcome of disease in the biological tissue that supports, binds together and protects organs DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/connective+tissue+disease 10061087 connective tissue disorder AE HPO: HP_0003549 SIDER: C0009782 OAE:0000842 a behavior and neurological AE that results in a loss of coordination DJ, SS, YH 10010947 coordination abnormal AE HPO: HP_0011443 SIDER: C0520966 OAE:0000848 viral cardiomyopathy AE OAE:0000857 a viral infection AE that is caused by cytomegalovirus DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cytomegalovirusinfections.html 10011831 cytomegalovirus infection AE HPO: HP_0004429 SIDER: C0010823 OAE:0000887 an adverse event that has an outcome of a decreased amount of the drug excreted by the body DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+clearance 10049463 drug clearance decreased AE OAE:0000888 an adverse drug event that results in the development of a dependence on the drug DJ, SS, YH 10013663 drug dependence AE HPO: HP_0000722 SIDER: C1510472 OAE:0000889 a skin AE that has an outcome of a range of adverse drugs reactions of the skin, most commonly rashes resembling measles DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+eruption 10013687 drug eruption AE OAE:0000891 a drug AE that has an outcome of lower threshold to the normal pharmacologic action of a drug DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+intolerance 10061822 drug intolerance AE OAE:0000893 an adverse event that results in symptoms that occur after the discontinuation of the use of a certain drug DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/withdrawal 10013754 drug withdrawal syndrome AE OAE:0000894 a skin AE that is characterized by epidermis that lacks moisture, has an outcome of fine lines, scaling and itching DJ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+skin 10013786 dry skin AE CTCAE:E13623 HPO: HP_0000958 NCIt:C74592 SIDER: C0151908 OAE:0000895 a duodenum AE that has an outcome of a peptic ulcer, or a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, located in the duodenum DJ, SS, YH peptic ulcer AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/ 10013836 duodenal ulcer AE CTCAE: E10611 HPO: HP_0002588 NCIt: C26755 SIDER: C0013295 OAE:0000900 a speech disorder AE that results in disorders of voice DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysphonia 10013952 dysphonia AE HPO: HP_0001618 SIDER: C1527344 OAE:0000902 Dysuria AE is an urinary system AE that results in painful urination JX, DJ, SS, YH urination disorders AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysuria 排尿困难 10013990 dysuria AE HPO: HP_0100518 SIDER: C0013428 OAE:0000920 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of higher than normal levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/eosinophilia/MY00399 10014950 eosinophilia AE HPO: HP_0001880 SIDER: C0014457 OAE:0000921 a male reproductive system AE that results in the inability to develop/maintain an erection of penis DJ, SS, JX, LW, YH, MW astyphia AE impotence AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction 阳痿/勃起功能障碍 10061461 erectile dysfunction AE CTCAE:E13088 HPO: HP_0008652 NCIt:C3133 SIDER: C0242350 OAE:0000939 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of patient falling DJ, SS, YH 10016173 fall AE CTCAE: E11687 HPO: HP_0002359 NCIt: C50558 SIDER: C0085639 OAE:0000943 a neutropenia AE, generally a complication of chemotherapy, that has an outcome of an abnormally low neutrophil granulocyte count, accompanied by fever DJ, SS, YH neutropenic sepsis AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303687 10016288 febrile neutropenia AE CTCAE: E10033 HPO: HP_0001875 NCIt: C35665 SIDER: C0746883 OAE:0000953 a skin AE with the outcome disease involving of one more more hair follicles, commonly displays rash, itching and pustules near the hair follicles DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001826/ 10016936 folliculitis AE OAE:0000954 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a decreased volume of air expired from the lungs DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/forced+expiratory+volume 10016987 forced expiratory volume decreased AE CTCAE: E12156 NCIt: C50524 OAE:0000956 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Fractures 10017076 fracture AE CTCAE: E11703 NCIt: C3046 OAE:0000978 an adverse event induced by administration of a bupropion drug YH bupropion-induced adverse event OAE:0000981 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of poison affecting the stomach and/or intestinal tracts, often accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/valcyte_tablets_roche_laboratories.html 10059024 gastrointestinal toxicity AE HPO: HP_0011024 SIDER: C1142499 OAE:0000998 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a marked decrease in number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell filled with microscopic granules that are little sacs containing enzymes that digest microorganisms DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8817 10018687 granulocytopenia AE OAE:0001007 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of toxins that destroy red blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized tissue damage DJ, SS, YH haematotoxicity AE 10061188 hematotoxicity AE OAE:0001021 a hair AE that has an outcome of abnormal growth of facial or body hair DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hair+growth 10019044 hair growth abnormal AE HPO: HP_0010720 SIDER: C0232409 OAE:0001046 a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of an abnormally increased concentration of potassium in blood YH, MW hyperkalaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia 10020646 10020647 hyperkalemia AE CTCAE: E12282 HPO: HP_0002153 NCIt: C37968 SIDER: C0020461 OAE:0001047 toxin-induced cardiomyopathy AE OAE:0001052 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of high blood levels of triglycerides, abundant fatty molecules DJ, SS, YH, MW hypertriglyceridaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypertriglyceridemia 10020869 10020870 hypertriglyceridemia AE CTCAE: E12299 HPO: HP_0002155 NCIt: C37971 SIDER: C0020557 OAE:0001053 an arthritis AE that has an outcome of uric acid building up in blood and causes joint inflammation DJ, SS, YH, MW gout AE hyperuricaemia AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001459/ 10020903 10020907 hyperuricemia AE CTCAE: E12305 HPO: HP_0002149 NCIt: C3961 SIDER: C0740394 OAE:0001057 a glucose homeostasis AE that results in a abnormally diminished content of glucose in the blood DJ, SS, YH, MW hypoglycaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoglycemia 10020993 10021005 hypoglycemia AE CTCAE: E12322 HPO: HP_0005969 NCIt: C3126 SIDER: C0020615 OAE:0001059 a blood magnesium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma, and may cause nausea, weakness and tremors. YH, MW hypomagnesaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hypomagnesaemia 10021027 10021028 hypomagnesemia AE CTCAE: E12333 HPO: HP_0002917 NCIt: C37975 SIDER: C0151723 UMLS CUI: C0151723 OAE:0001062 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of abnormally low phosphate levels, can present with muscle dysfunction, white cell dysfunction, pulp chambers and mental status changes DJ, SS, YH, MW hypophosphataemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypophosphatemia 10021058 10021059 hypophosphatemia AE CTCAE: E12344 HPO: HP_0008285 NCIt: C37977 SIDER: C0085682 UMLS CUI: C0085682 OAE:0001063 an endocrine system AE with the outcome of the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001393/ 10021114 hypothyroidism AE CTCAE: E10334 HPO: HP_0008245 NCIt: C26800 SIDER: C0020676 OAE:0001071 a drug adverse event that has an outcome of decreased levels of immunosuppressant drugs in the patient's body DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Immunosuppresant 10062014 immunosuppressant drug level decreased AE OAE:0001073 an injury AE that has an outcome of impairment to the process of restoring a state of soundness to any interupption in the continuity of external surfaces of the body DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wound+healing 10021519 impaired healing AE HPO: HP_0001058 SIDER: C0151692 OAE:0001074 a pain AE that has an outcome of pain at the site of an implant DJ, SS, YH 10063782 implant site pain AE OAE:0001093 an adverse drug event that results in the intentional use of a drug in the wrong way (recreationally etc) SZ, DJ, SS, YH 10065679 intentional drug misuse AE OAE:0001105 Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the patient being easily annoyed/irritated SZ, DJ, SS, YH feverish (subjective) AE 10022998 irritability AE CTCAE: E11144 HPO: HP_0000737 NCIt: C50623 SIDER: C0022107 OAE:0001129 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a lower than normal number of leukocytes, or nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2154209/ 10024384 leukopenia AE HPO: HP_0001882 SIDER: C0023530 OAE:0001130 a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a disorder in the patient's desire for sexual interaction SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695750/ 10061221 libido disorder AE OAE:0001135 Liver/biliary system AE that results in the disease of the liver SZ, DJ, SS, YH liver disorder WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/liverdiseases.html 10024670 liver AE HPO: HP_0006706 SIDER: C0023895 OAE:0001142 an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the lower respiratory tract, includes pneumonea as well as lung abscess and acute bronchitis SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/ 10024968 lower respiratory tract infection AE HPO: HP_0002783 SIDER: C0149725 OAE:0001154 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the blood SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphopenia 10025327 lymphopenia AE HPO: HP_0001888 SIDER: C0024312 OAE:0001161 an arterial disorder AE that resuts in arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. YH, SS coronary artery disese AE WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterydisease.html 10011078 10011082 coronary artery disorder AE OAE:0001167 Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the loss of memory SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/impaired+memory 10027175 memory impairment AE CTCAE:E12718 HPO: HP_0002354 NCIt:C78444 SIDER: C0233794 OAE:0001168 a brain inflammation AE that results in the layers lining the brain becoming inflamed, not due to pygonenic bacteria SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aseptic+meningitis 10027201 meningitis aseptic AE HPO: HP_0001287 SIDER: C0025290 OAE:0001170 Female Reproductive System AE that results in abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0014910/ 10027313 menorrhagia AE CTCAE:E13132 HPO: HP_0000132 NCIt:C26829 SIDER: C0025323 OAE:0001186 Urinary System AE that is characterized by uterine bleeding at irregular intervals SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metrorrhagia 10027514 metrorrhagia AE HPO: HP_0100608 SIDER: C0025874 OAE:0001190 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of sores or open lesions in the mouth SZ, SS, YH aphthous stomatitis AE canker sore AE WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm 10028034 mouth ulceration AE HPO: HP_0000155 SIDER: C0149745 OAE:0001192 a muscle contraction AE that has an outcome of painful sensations, associated with muscle fatigue and low sodium/potassium SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/musclecramps.html 10028294 muscle cramp AE OAE:0001193 a muscle enzyme level abnormal AE that results in an increased level of muscle enzyme SZ, SS, YH 10057945 muscle enzyme level increased AE OAE:0001202 a bone disorder AE, most commonly fungal infection, that is characterized by discoloration, painful swelling, pits, lesions and brown bands SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/nail-disorders-000116.htm 10028694 nail disorder AE HPO: HP_0001597 SIDER: C0027339 OAE:0001217 a neutropenia AE that compromises the immune system where the number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, is abnormally low. A neutropenia makes body vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections. SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutropenia 10029354 neutropenia AE HPO: HP_0001875 SIDER: C0027947 OAE:0001238 a nail disorder AE that results in the nail separating from the nail bed starting at distal or lateral attachment SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16422468 10030337 onycholysis AE HPO: HP_0008400 SIDER: C0085661 OAE:0001243 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a fungal infection located in the mouth caused by the candida fungus SZ, SS, YH thrush AE WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/thrush/article.htm 10030963 oral candidiasis AE HPO: HP_0009098 SIDER: C0006849 OAE:0001271 a skin AE generally caused by chemotherapy that is characterized by the palms and soles becoming red, swollen, numb and the skin peeling. YH: MedDRA: 10033553 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome"; MedDRA: 10054524 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome". SZ, SS, YH, MW Hand Food Syndrome AE palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome AE WEB: http://news.cancerconnect.com/hand-foot-syndrome-palmar-plantar-erythrodysesthesia/ palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE CTCAE: E13672 NCIt: C27177 UMLS CUI: C0549410 OAE:0001275 Hematopoietic System AE that results in a reduction in the amount of red and white blood cells and platelets in blood SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pancytopenia 10033661 pancytopenia AE HPO: HP_0001876 SIDER: C0030312 OAE:0001281 a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110902/ 10034474 pericardial effusion AE CTCAE: E10172 HPO: HP_0001698 NCIt: C3319 SIDER: C0031039 OAE:0001291 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of tiny pinpoint red dots that form due to broken blood vessels under the skin SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm 10034754 petechiae AE HPO: HP_0000967 MP: MP_0008816 SIDER: C0031256 OAE:0001295 a skin AE that shows a cutaneous disease as a result of sun allergy and may be induced by different triggers such as a chemical. MedDRA: 10034972 and UMLS CUI: C0162830 are for "photosensitivity reaction"; MedDRA: 10034966 and UMLS CUI: C0349506 are for "photosensitivity". SZ, SS, YH, MW photosensitivity AE WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049648-overview WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions 10034966 10034972 photosensitivity reaction AE CTCAE: E13680 HPO: HP_0000992 NCIt: C38004 SIDER: C0162830 UMLS CUI: C0349506; UMLS CUI: C0162830 OAE:0001297 a conduction system disorder AE that refers to partial or complete block of electrical impulses originating in the atrium or sinus node, preventing them from reaching the AV node and ventricles SS AV block heart block WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 10003671 atrioventricular block AE HPO: HP_0001678 SIDER: C0004245 OAE:0001321 a coronary artery disorder AE that results in cardiac pain at rest that occurs in cycles SZ, SS, YH Prinzmetal's angina AE coronary vessel spasm AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prinzmetal+angina 10036759 prinzmetal angina AE HPO: HP_0001681 SIDER: C0002963 OAE:0001331 a prothrombin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decrease in level of prothrombin in body SZ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prothrombin 10037050 prothrombin level decreased AE OAE:0001355 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of clicking, rattling or crackling noises made by one or both lungs during inhalation SZ, SS, YH Crackles WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crackles 10037833 rales AE OAE:0001361 a red blood cell count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in red blood cells SZ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm 10038153 red blood cell count decreased AE HPO: HP_0001903 SIDER: C0427457 OAE:0001364 a kidney disorder AE that results in kidneys failing to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood SZ, SS, YH kidney failure AE renal insufficiency AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renal+failure 10038435 renal failure AE HPO: HP_0000083 SIDER: C0035078 OAE:0001397 a skin AE that has an outcome of darkening in an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperpigmentation 10040865 skin hyperpigmentation AE CTCAE:E13718 HPO: HP_0010284 NCIt:C79731 SIDER: C0162834 OAE:0001398 a skin AE that has an outcome of infection. Can be bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/skin+infection 10040872 skin infection AE CTCAE: E11568 HPO: HP_0001581 NCIt: C35025 SIDER: C0037278 OAE:0001401 a skin AE that has an outcome of exposure of skin to nonspecific irritants or from the action of specific allergens SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Skin+Reactions 10040914 skin reaction AE OAE:0001403 a behavior and neurological AE that results in irregular sleep patterns SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sleep+disorder 10040984 sleep disorder AE HPO: HP_0002360 SIDER: C0851578 OAE:0001418 an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of a larger-than-normal spleen, affects blood filtration SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003276.htm 10041660 splenomegaly AE HPO: HP_0001744 SIDER: C0038002 OAE:0001437 a tachycardia AE that has an outcome of rapid heart rhythm originating at or above the atrioventricular node SZ, SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001235/ Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233691 10042604 supraventricular tachycardia AE CTCAE: E10218 HPO: HP_0004765 NCIt: C35061 SIDER: C0039240 OAE:0001448 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of decrease in platelets in the blood SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000586.htm 10043554 thrombocytopenia AE HPO: HP_0001873 SIDER: C0040034 OAE:0001509 an abnormal vision AE that results in unclear vision SZ, SS, YH blurred vision AE WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003029.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111613 10005886 10047513 vision blurred AE CTCAE: E10346 HPO: HP_0000622 NCIt: C27123 SIDER: C0344232 OAE:0001515 a physical examination result abnormal AE that shows an increase (gain) in weight of a patient SZ, SS, YH weight gain AE 10047896 10047899 weight increased AE CTCAE: E12224 HPO: HP_0004324 NCIt: C62754 SIDER: C0043094 OAE:0001529 A bone disorder AE that has an outcome of the weakening or brittle bone YH, SS, MW WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/osteoporosis/DS00128 10031282 osteoporosis AE CTCAE:E12508 HPO: HP_0000939 NCIt:C3298 SIDER: C0029456 OAE:0001559 a pain AE that occurs at a joint YH joint pain AE OAE:0001561 nasal discomfort AE is a respiratory system AE that shows a discomfort from the nose YH nasal discomfort AE HPO: HP_0010640 SIDER: C0858259 OAE:0001573 an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal electrolyte value EB 10047843 electrolyte lab test abnormal AE OAE:0001574 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphorus level EB 10054823 blood phosphorus abnormal AE OAE:0001577 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of potassium in the blood EB 10005722 blood potassium abnormal AE HPO: HP_0011042 SIDER: C0853759 OAE:0001578 a physical quality where the blood potassium level is increased. EB, YH, MW hyperkalemia AE 10005725 blood potassium increased HPO: HP_0002513 SIDER: C0853760 OAE:0001581 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of magnesium in the blood EB 10005652 blood magnesium abnormal AE OAE:0001590 an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a lipid analyses EB 10024580 lipid analysis result abnormal AE OAE:0001591 a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal blood cholesterol level EB 10005423 blood cholesterol abnormal AE OAE:0001644 an investigation result abnormal AE resulting from an abnormal physical examination finding EB 10062078 10071940 physical examination result abnormal AE OAE:0001662 an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of an enzyme investigation EB 10014938 enzyme investigation result abnormal AE OAE:0001664 an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of a hematology investigation EB MedDRA: 10057755 haematology investigation abnormal AE 10018851 hematology investigation result abnormal AE OAE:0001665 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal red blood cell profile EB 20000029 red blood cell profile abnormal AE OAE:0001683 an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal muscle enzyme level EB muscle enzyme level abnormal AE OAE:0001694 an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal liver related investigation result EB 20000008 liver related investigation result abnormal AE OAE:0001697 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal aspartate aminotransferase level EB 10003477 aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE OAE:0001706 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal prothrombin level EB 10037048 prothrombin level abnormal AE OAE:0001711 a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal red blood cell count EB 10038151 red blood cell count abnormal AE OAE:0001731 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal platelet count EB 10035526 platelet count abnormal AE HPO: HP_0011873 SIDER: C0580317 OAE:0001743 an embolism disorder AE that is a result of an obstruction in a cardiac vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matters SS heart embolism AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Heart+embolism cardiac embolism AE OAE:0001744 a vascular disorder AE that is characterized by an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream. SS WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embolism 栓塞 10014523 embolism AE HPO: HP_0001907 SIDER: C0013922 OAE:0001750 a process quality that represents the level of severity of an adverse event. YH, SS AE severity severity of adverse event OAE:0001797 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a mental illness or psychiatiric disorder. The mental illness is a mental or behavioral pattern or anomaly that causes either suffering or an impaired ability to function in ordinary life (disability), and which is not developmentally or socially normative. YH, Izabela Birsanescu mental disorder AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder 10037175 psychiatric disorder AE OAE:0001836 a severity of AE that shows asymptomatic, or involves mild or minor symptoms, or is of marginal clinical relevance, or consists of clinical or diagnostic observations alone, or where intervention is not indicated, or where only non-prescription intervention is indicated. YH, SS AE severity Grade 1 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_1_Adverse_Event Note the AE severity Grade 1 equals to CTCAE G1 AE severity. AE severity G1 CTCAE4: E10005 (Grade 1 Adverse Event) OAE:0001837 a severity of AE for which only minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention (e.g. packing, cautery) is indicated, or that limits instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, e.g., shopping, laundry, transportation, or ability to conduct finances). YH, SS AE severity Grade 2 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_2_Adverse_Event Note the AE severity Grade 2 equals to CTCAE G2 AE severity. AE severity G2 CTCAE4: E10006 (Grade 2 Adverse Event) OAE:0001838 a severity of AE that shows an outcome which is medically significant but not life-threatening; or for which inpatient care or prolongation of hospitalization are indicated; or that is an important medical event that does not result in hospitalization, but may jeopardize the patient or may require intervention either to prevent hospitalization, to prevent the AE from becoming life-threatening or causing death; or that is disabling; or that results in persistent or significant disability, incapacity, or limitation of self care activities of daily living (ADLs, getting in and out of bed, dressing, eating, getting around inside, bathing, or using the toilet). YH, SS AE severity Grade 3 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_3_Adverse_Event Note the AE severity Grade 3 equals to CTCAE G3 AE severity. AE severity G3 CTCAE4: E10007 (Grade 3 Adverse Event) OAE:0001839 a severity of AE that has life-threatening consequences, for which urgent intervention is indicated, that puts the patient is at risk of death at the time of the event if immediate intervention is not undertaken, or that causes blindness or deafness (need to decide if unilateral or bilateral). YH, SS AE severity Grade 4 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_4_Adverse_Event Note the AE severity Grade 4 equals to CTCAE G4 AE severity. AE severity G4 CTCAE4: E10008 (Grade 4 Adverse Event) OAE:0001840 a severity of AE that results in death. YH, SS AE severity Grade 5 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_5_Adverse_Event Note the AE severity Grade 5 equals to CTCAE G5 AE severity. AE severity G5 CTCAE4: E10009 (Grade 5 Adverse Event) OAE:0001845 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows a problem with the stomach, ranging from indigestion and heartburn to peptic ulcers and GERD. RR, YH stomach disorder AE WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stomachdisorders.html 10056819 gastric disorder AE OAE:0001852 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of numbness, a loss of sensation of feeling in a part of the body. YH, JS WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/numbness/basics/definition/sym-20050938 10029829 numbness AE OAE:0001857 Urgent urination AE is a urinary system AE that has an outcome of a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in the bladder. JX, LW, YH micturition urgency urinary urgency WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0085606/ WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htm 尿急 10046593 urgent urination AE CTCAE: E13062 NCIt: C50792 UMLS CUI: C0439609 OAE:0001861 Renal dysfunction AE is a kidney AE that has an outcome of reduced capacity to excrete metabolic products which accumulate systemically and are detectable clinicopathologically by renal function tests. The early stage of uremia. This term appears to be a synonym to the 'renal failure AE'. JX, LW, YH hepatic and renal function disorder AE 肾功能障碍 renal dysfunction AE UMLS ID: C0859242 OAE:0001876 Pelvic pain AE is a pain AE that occurs in the lower abdomen area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of people's daily activities. JX, LW, YH, MW WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pelvicpain.html 骨盆痛 10034263 pelvic pain AE CTCAE:E13167 NCIt:C40122 OAE:0001880 Heartburn AE is a gastric disorder AE that also known as pyrosis, cardialgia, or acid indigestion. It's a burning sensation in the chest, just behind the breastbone or in the epigastrium, the upper central abdomen. The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the jaw. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn 胃灼热（烧心） 10019326 heartburn AE OAE:0001909 Nocturia AE is a urine abnormality AE that is defined by the International Continence Society as “the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding”. JX, LW, YH nycturia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturia 夜尿症 10029446 nocturia AE OAE:0001910 Night sweat is a sweating AE that is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis and focal hyperhidrosis) during sleep. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake. JX, LW, YH sleep hyperhidrosis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sweats 夜汗 10029409 night sweat AE OAE:0001911 Increased appetite AE is a gustatory system AE that is when people want to eat much more often or in larger quantities than their body requires. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/increased-appetite 食欲增加 10021654 increased appetite AE OAE:0001917 Loose stools AE is a abnormal stool AE that is usually a form of diarrhea and many conditions causing loose stool will be listed under diarrhea. It may also be related to watery stool (also within the spectrum of diarrhea). JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/loose_stool.htm 稀便 10024840 loose stools AE OAE:0001926 Throat irritation AE is a discomfort AE that refers to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, or a sensation of a lumpy feeling or something stuck at the back of the throat. JX, LW, YH throat discomfort AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat_irritation 咽喉不适 10043521 throat irritation AE OAE:0001943 Ventricular tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that is a type of tachycardia, or a rapid heart beat that arises from improper electrical activity of the heart presenting as a rapid heart rhythm, that starts in the bottom chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia 心室性心搏过速 10047302 ventricular tachycardia AE CTCAE: E10239 NCIt: C50802 OAE:0001978 Akathisia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion, as well as by actions such as rocking while standing or sitting, lifting the feet as if marching on the spot, and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting. People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still, complain of restlessness, fidget, rock from foot to foot, and pace. JX, LW, YH, MW acathisia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akathisia 静坐困难 10001540 akathisia AE CTCAE:E12581 NCIt:C78163 OAE:0001985 Gingival bleeding AE is a hemorrhage AE that is a term used by dentists and dental hygienists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. Bleeding on probing, often abbreviated BOP, is a sign of inflammation and indicates some sort of destruction and erosion to the lining of the sulcus or the ulceration of sulcular epithelium. The blood comes from lamina propria after the ulceration of the lining. JX, LW, YH bleeding gums AE bleeding on probing AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_on_probing 牙龈出血 10018276 gingival bleeding AE OAE:0001990 a herpes viral infection AE tha is caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). JX, LW, YH herpes catarrhalis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex 单纯疱疹 10019948 herpes simplex AE OAE:0001992 Hypercholesteremia AE is a blood cholesterol abnormal AE that is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. JX, LW, YH cholesterol high AE dyslipidemia hypercholesterolemia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症 10005425 10008661 10020604 hypercholesteremia AE OAE:0002002 Gum hypertrophy AE is a digestive system AE that is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. JX, LW, YH gingival enlargement AE gingival hyperplasia AE gingival hypertrophy AE gingival over-growth AE hypertrophic gingivitis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_enlargement 牙龈增生 10018781 gum hypertrophy AE OAE:0002008 Extrapyramidal syndrome AE is a nervous system AE that is drug induced movement disorders which include acute and tardive symptoms. JX, LW, YH extrapyramidal side effects AE vertebral body outside the beam syndrome AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms 椎体外系综合征 10015836 extrapyramidal syndrome AE OAE:0002009 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that is when the kidneys hold on to more sodium and do not excrete it with the kidneys. This tends to expand the blood volume, which can elevate the blood pressure. JX, LW, YH WEB: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100823074826AAcg7WV 钠潴留 10041277 sodium retention AE OAE:0002015 Nervousness AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows an uneasy psychological state which including anxiety, neurosis, neuroticism, and worry, etc. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervousness 神经过敏 10029216 nervousness AE OAE:0002023 Irritation is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation 刺激 10029216 irritation AE OAE:0002046 a discomfort AE that occurs at a limb RR 10061224 limb discomfort AE OAE:0002106 Orthostatic hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that is a form of hypotension in which a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up or stretching. In medical terms, it is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg when a person assumes a standing position. JX, LW, YH orthostasis AE postural hypotension AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension 直立性低血压 10031127 orthostatic hypotension AE OAE:0002118 an allergy AE that shows a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes a number of symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, and low blood pressure. Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis 过敏症 10002218 anaphylaxis AE CTCAE: E11254 NCIt: C50460 OAE:0002122 a chest pain that is caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. DJ, SS, YH chest pain - cardiac AE tight chest AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016723 10002383 10008481 angina AE CTCAE: E10110 HPO: HP_0001681 NCIt: C51221 SIDER: C0002962 OAE:0002129 Hearing disorder AE is an ear disorder that shows impairment of the sense of hearing. JX, LW, YH 听觉障碍 10019243 hearing disorder AE OAE:0002142 Muscle function disorder AE is a muscle AE that shows muscle function disorder. JX, LW, YH 肌肉功能失调 muscle function disorder AE OAE:0002144 Accidental injury AE is an injury AE that shows accidedntal injury. JX, LW, YH 意外损伤 10000380 accidental injury AE OAE:0002145 Abnormal ejaculation AE is a male reproductive system AE that shows abnormal ejaculation. JX, LW, YH 异常射精 10000128 abnormal ejaculation AE OAE:0002154 Gastrointestinal cramp AE is a muscle spasm AE that shows abnormal contractions of the gastrointestinal muscles. JX, LW, YH 肠胃痉挛 10049136 gastrointestinal cramp AE OAE:0002169 Bitter taste of mouth AE is a digestive system AE that is not from a bitter substance is a distorted sense of taste. A persistent bad taste in the mouth, whether bitter, metallic or foul, is called dysgeusia. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/bitter-taste-in-mouth 口苦 bitter taste of mouth AE OAE:0002172 Dreaminess AE is a sleep disorder AE that shows dreaminess in the sleeping. JX, LW, YH 多梦 dreaminess AE OAE:0002175 Lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE is an edema AE that shows excess fluid accumalated in the leg dut to blood vessels. JX, LW, YH 因血管扩张引起的下肢水肿 lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE OAE:0002205 Leg cramp AE is a muscle cramp AE that shows tightening, or spasms, of the muscles in the legs. JX, LW, YH 腿部痉挛 leg cramp AE OAE:0002206 a sleep disorder AE in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. YH, MW WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia 10022437 Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity. Insomnia is a symptom, not a stand-alone diagnosis or a disease. insomnia AE CTCAE: E12925 HPO: HP_0002360 SIDER: C0917801 OAE:0002234 Torsades de pointes AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that exhibits distinct characteristics on the electrocardiogram. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsades_de_pointes 扭转性室速 10044067 torsades de pointes AE OAE:0002348 an adverse drug event that results in unexpected and unwanted events due to anesthetic drug treatment SJ, YH WEB: https://www.dha.gov.ae/EN/Facilities/Hospitals/RashidHospital/SpecializedMedicalService/ClinicalServices/Anesthesiologyandinterventionalpain/pages/sideeffects.aspx 10060938 anesthetic complication AE OAE:0002353 a crying abnormal AE that refers to a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary crying or uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing, or other emotional displays YH, SJ emotional incontinence emotional lability labile affect WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect 10054196 pseudobulbar affect AE OAE:0002364 a brain disorder AE that causes inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes known as meninges that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. SJ, YH, MW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoiditis 10003074 arachnoiditis AE CTCAE:E12591 NCIt:C37913 OAE:0002378 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in high blood creatine levels SJ, YH URL: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine/basics/definition/prc-20014534 10005464 blood creatine increased AE may indicate that the kidneys are not fucntioning properly blood creatine increased AE OAE:0002399 Pruritus genital AE is a pruritus AE that also called genital itching, Itching in the genital region can result from irritation, allergy, inflammation, infection or cancer. Irritation can occur as a result of exposure to chemicals in soaps, feminine hygiene products, perfumes, lubricants, douches, and creams. JX, LW genital itching AE WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/genital-itching 10037093 pruritus genital AE OAE:0002421 Menstrual disorder AE is an abnormal condition in a woman's menstrual cycle. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_disorder 10027327 JX, YH menstrual disorder AE OAE:0002422 Fluid retention AE is an abnormal fluid regulation AE that is excess fluid that collects in the tissues in your body. Most commonly, fluid retention is marked by swelling of your feet and lower legs, but swelling could also occur in your arms, hands, face, or other areas of the body. JX, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/fluid-retention 10016807 fluid retention AE OAE:0002425 a psychiatric disorder AE that is a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect learning, memory, perception, and problem solving, and include amnesia, dementia, and delirium. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder 10057668 cognitive disorder AE OAE:0002431 Mucous membrane disorder AE is a systematic AE that the diseases occur in mucous membrane, which is a lining of mostly endodermal origin. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane 10028133 mucous membrane disorder AE OAE:0002437 Autoimmune disorder AE is an immune system AE that arises from an abnormal immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body (autoimmunity). JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease 10061664 autoimmune disorder AE CTCAE: E11258 NCIt: C2889 OAE:0002439 Menstruation irregular AE is a endocrine system AE that is an abnormal variation in length of menstrual cycles in a female. JX, YH, MW irregular menstruation AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_menstruation 10022992 10027339 menstruation irregular AE CTCAE: E13125 NCIt: C35219 OAE:0002525 an inflammation AE that occurs in a bone. KM, YH Osteitis fibrosa WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001252.htm 10031149 osteitis AE OAE:0002527 An arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of palpitations, an abnormality of heartbeat characterized by simultaneous awareness of one’s pulse and discomfort. KM, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations 10033557 palpitations AE CTCAE: E10163 NCIt: C37999 OAE:0002530 A male reproductive system AE that has an disorder in a penis, including priapism, Peyronie's disease, balanitis, phimosis, paraphimosis, and penile cancer. KM, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/penis_disorders/article.htm 10034336 penis disorder AE OAE:0002547 A skin AE that results in the degeneration and thinning of the epidermis and dermis. KM, YH, MW atrophy of the skin WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-skin-atrophy.htm 10040799 skin atrophy AE CTCAE:E13714 NCIT: C35163 NCIt:C35163 OAE:0002549 A skin discoloration AE that shows abnormal lightening of skin due to decreased melanin production or deposition. KM, YH, MW Hypopigmentation, Pigment Dilution WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation 10040868 Vitiligo, albinism, and leukoderma are among the disorders that are associated with skin hypopigmentation. skin hypopigmentation AE CTCAE:E13721 NCIt:C78610 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation OAE:0002553 a cranial neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerves in the eyes. RR, YH WEB: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/optic-neuritis.htm 10061323 optic neuropathy AE OAE:0002582 a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of abnormally lower than normal amount of potassium in the blood YH, MW hypokalemia AE hypopotassaemia AE hypopotassemia AE potassium depletion AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/low_potassium/article_em.htm 血钾过少 10021015 10021018 hypokalaemia AE CTCAE: E12327 NCIt: C37974 OAE:0002593 a blood phosphorus abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphate level EB 10054823 blood phosphate abnormal AE OAE:0002597 A physical quality that has an decreased level of glucose in the blood EB, YH, MW 10005555 blood glucose decreased UMLS CUI: C0595883 OAE:0002598 A physical quality that has an increased level of glucose in the blood EB, YH, MW 10005557 blood glucose increased UMLS CUI: C0595877 OAE:0002601 an neuropathy AE that occurs when any of the twelve cranial nerves (nerves that exit from the brain directly) are damaged. MW, YH WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy 10061096 cranial neuropathy AE OAE:0002603 a cognitive disorder AE that shows conspicuous changes in cognitive functions. MW, YH 10009845 cognitive disturbance AE CTCAE: E12617 NCIt: C27101 OAE:0002625 an adverse event that occurs locally in a certain location. This is different from the systematci adverse event that occurs throughout the systemtic circulation. YH, JX URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction local AE OAE:0002626 an adverse event that shows a result of injury or procedural complication. JX, YH injury and procedural complication AE injury or procedural complication AE OAE:0002632 a male reproductive system AE that has involvement of the testis. MW, YH 10043306 testicular disorder AE CTCAE: E13215 NCIt: C26890 OAE:0002633 an urinary system AE that has urination at short intervals. MW, YH 10046539 urinary frequency AE CTCAE: E13039 NCIt: C26906 OAE:0002634 a reproduction system inflammation AE that has inflammation involving the vagina. Symptoms may include redness, edema, marked discomfort and an increase in vaginal discharge. MW, YH 10046916 vaginal inflammation AE CTCAE: E13270 NCIt: C26911 OAE:0002657 a menstrual disorder AE that has abnormally painful abdominal cramps during menses. MW, YH 10013934 dysmenorrhea AE CTCAE: E13077 NCIt: C34559 OAE:0002665 a male reproductive system AE that has a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the semen. MW, YH 10030300 oligospermia AE CTCAE: E13141 NCIt: C34860 OAE:0002671 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has repeated gulp sounds that result from an involuntary opening and closing of the glottis. This is attributed to a spasm of the diaphragm. MW, YH 10020039 Hiccups AE CTCAE: E13380 NCIt: C37966 OAE:0002672 an urine abnormality AE that has laboratory test results that indicate the presence of excessive protein in the urine. It is predominantly albumin, but also globulin. MW, YH 10037032 proteinuria AE CTCAE: E13008 NCIt: C38012 OAE:0002680 afemale reproductive system AE that has vaginal secretions. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years. MW, YH 10046901 vaginal discharge AE CTCAE: E13251 NCIt: C50795 OAE:0002698 a male reproductive system AE that has problems related to ejaculation. This category includes premature, delayed, retrograde and painful ejaculation. MW, YH 10014326 ejaculation disorder AE CTCAE: E13085 NCIt: C78264 OAE:0002706 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of muscles in multiple anatomic sites. MW, YH 10062572 generalized muscle weakness AE CTCAE: E12418 NCIt: C78323 OAE:0002707 a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that has stature that is smaller than normal as expected for age. MW, YH 10018761 growth suppression AE CTCAE: E12422 NCIt: C78328 OAE:0002720 a libido disorder AE that has a decrease in sexual desire. MW, YH 10024419 libido decreased AE CTCAE: E12929 NCIt: C78432 OAE:0002726 a movement disorder AE that has uncontrolled and purposeless movements. MW, YH 10028041 movements involuntary AE CTCAE: E12728 NCIt: C78453 OAE:0002728 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the lower limb muscles. MW, YH 10065776 muscle weakness lower limb AE CTCAE: E12459 NCIt: C78456 OAE:0002775 an urine abnormality AE that has a change in the color of the urine. MW, YH 10046628 urine discoloration AE CTCAE: E13065 NCIt: C78678 OAE:0002781 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the vagina. MW, YH 10046937 vaginal pain AE CTCAE: E13280 NCIt: C78701 OAE:0002788 a hair growth abnormal AE that has hair density or length beyond the accepted limits of normal in a particular body region, for a particular age or race. MW, YH 10020864 hypertrichosis AE CTCAE: E13649 NCIt: C79597 OAE:0002800 a behavior and neurological AE that has a deterioration in the ability to concentrate. MW, YH 10010250 concentration impairment AE CTCAE: E12621 NCIt: C80081 OAE:0003230 YH, JX a behavioral quality where the behavior in an organism is abnormal. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormality_(behavior) behavior abnormal quality OAE:0003231 a cough AE that shows an increased rate of coughing YH, JX WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough 10011228 cough increased AE OAE:0003233 a viral infection AE that is caused by a herpes virus. Note that there are 8 herpesvirus types. YH, JX WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae 10019972 herpes viral infection AE OAE:0003235 a nervous system AE that shows abnormal neurologic reflexes, which can be tesetd by the knee jerk reaction. JX, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20423 10038254 abnormal reflex AE OAE:0003243 a cross product of coordination abnormal AE and balance disorder AE YH, QL coordination and balance disturbance AE 10072984 coordination and balance disorder AE OAE:0003342 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the gastrointestinal region. MW, YH 10017999 gastrointestinal pain AE CTCAE: E10755 NCIt: C78320 OAE:0003346 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the stomach. MW, YH 10042112 stomach pain AE CTCAE: E11044 NCIt: C78630 OAE:0003448 a muscle enzyme level increased AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an increase in levels of creatine phosphokinase in a blood specimen. MW, YH 10011268 CPK increased AE CTCAE: E12132 NCIt: C78247 OAE:0004226 a urinary system AE which shows reduced excretion of urine SJ, YH WEB: http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/oliguria 10030302 oliguria AE OAE:0004230 a digestive system AE that occurs at duodenum MW, YH duodenum AE OAE:0004239 an eye disorder AE that causes visual disturbance and interfere with normal sight. JX, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/visual-disturbance 10047543 visual disturbance AE OAE:0004244 an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling in the eye. JX, YH 10052139 eye edema AE OAE:0004255 a urinary system AE that shows abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. JX, YH WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0042035/pt 10027561 micturition disorder AE OAE:0004259 a eye AE that is an area of partial alteration in the field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity that is surrounded by a field of normal – or relatively well-preserved – vision. JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma 暗点 10039729 scotoma AE OAE:0004275 a behavioral and neurological AE that involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. JX, YH motormental retardation AE psychomotor impairment AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_retardation 精神运动性阻滞 10037213 psychomotor retardation AE OAE:0004287 a testicular disorder AE that has a loss of testicular volume QL, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_atrophy 睾丸萎缩 10043298 testicular atrophy AE OAE:0004299 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis, a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed. QL, YH 10040840 skin erosion AE HP: HP_0200041 OAE:0004306 an inflammation AE which occurs in the female reproduction system YH, JX female reproduction system inflammation AE OAE:0004352 a behavioral and neurological AE that refers to any pain or discomfort in the abdomen. NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_(medicine) 10000062 abdominal distress AE OAE:0004353 A blindness AE that refers to the reduced ability to distinguish between colors that are obvious to the rest of the population NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness 10010016 color blindness AE OAE:0004354 a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal posture and slow, repetitive movements NG, YH http://www.webmd.com/brain/dystonia-causes-types-symptoms-and-treatments#1 10013983 dystonia AE OAE:0004355 a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by potentially impulsive or poorly controlled activity NG, YH 10015627 exciteness AE OAE:0004356 a dizziness AE that creates a feeling of a light head caused by a temporary decrease in blood to the brain NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightheadedness 10024492 lightheadedness AE OAE:0004357 a psychiatric disorder AE that is characterized by an elevation or lowering of a person's mood NG, YH mood problem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder 10027952 mood disorder AE OAE:0004358 a menstrual disorder AE that is characterized by infrequent menstrual periods NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligomenorrhea 10030294 oligomenorrhea AE OAE:0004359 an ear AE that refers to ear poisoning resulting from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoxicity 10033109 ototoxicity AE OAE:0004360 an inflammation AE that leads to swelling around the blood vessel wall NG, YH http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periarteritis 10034462 periarteritis AE OAE:0004361 a tumor AE that is benign and characterized by a small wart-like growth on the skin NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilloma 10033722 skin papilloma AE OAE:0004362 a paresthesia AE characterized by unusual prickling sensations in any part of the body NG, YH http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptom-checker/numbness-or-tingling-in-hands-adult/related-factors/itt-20009075 10043876 tingling AE OAE:0004375 An immune system AE where a transplant recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. transplant rejection AE https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000815.htm 10018650 BY, YH graft rejection AE OAE:0004377 An abnormal reflex AE characterized by episodes of shaking or exaggerated shivering which can occur with a high fever. http://patient.info/doctor/rigors 10039177 BY, YH rigors AE OBI:0000011 planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) planned process ODAE:0000001 A role that represents a mechanism of action. OH, SN mechanism of action role OGMS:0000060 Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z bodily process OGMS:0000061 A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:54:29Z pathological bodily process An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. PATO:0001722 behavioural quality quality PATO:0000186 behavioral quality PATO:0000186 A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality PATO:0001018 A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent quality PATO:0001236 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality PATO:0001236 A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality PATO:0001241 A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. quality PATO:0001995 organismal quality PATO:0001995 The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. Organ that is the specialized structure of the face that contains olfactory neurons. The peripheral olfactory organ is paired[ZFA:0000047]. a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)[Wikipedia:Nose]. the organ that is specialized for smell and is part of the respiratory system the structure of the nose varies across vertebrates. In tetrapods the nose is part of the respiratory system.[PMID:25312359] BTO:0000840 CALOHA:TS-2037 EHDAA2:0001274 EHDAA:1502 EMAPA:16542 EV:0100037 EV:0100370 FMA:46472 GAID:77 MA:0000281 MAT:0000139 MESH:D009666 MIAA:0000139 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000047 UMLS:C0028429 ZFA:0000047 galen:Nose nasal sac nose peripheral olfactory organ uberon nasus olfactory apparatus proboInOwlscis UBERON:0000004 nose UBERON:0000004 the clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) AAO:0010406 BTO:0000991 CALOHA:TS-0741 EFO:0000856 EMAPA:32927 EV:0100130 FMA:16016 GAID:324 MA:0000127 MAT:0000076 MESH:D007515 MIAA:0000076 UMLS:C0022131 VHOG:0000646 XAO:0000159 pancreatic insula pancreatic islet uberon island of Langerhans island of pancreas islets of langerhans UBERON:0000006 islet of Langerhans UBERON:0000006 A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000429 BAMS:PNS BILA:0000081 BTO:0001028 CALOHA:TS-0808 EFO:0000891 EHDAA2:0001445 EHDAA:2893 EMAPA:16665 EV:0100335 FBbt:00005098 FMA:9903 GAID:715 MA:0000218 MAT:0000338 MESH:D017933 MIAA:0000338 TAO:0000142 UMLS:C0206417 UMLS:C1305921 VHOG:0000399 XAO:0000178 ZFA:0000142 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=247 pars peripherica systema nervosum periphericum uberon PNS lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus lateral part of the basolateral nucleus nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum UBERON:0000010 peripheral nervous system UBERON:0000010 Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive EHDAA2:0001844 EHDAA:6530 EMAPA:17525 EV:0100152 FMA:86166 GAID:933 MA:0000151 MAT:0000284 MESH:D012867 MIAA:0000284 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0000860 portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone uberon UBERON:0000014 zone of skin UBERON:0000014 A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. AEO:0000192 CARO:0000010 FMA:50705 uberon UBERON:0000015 Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. anatomical boundary UBERON:0000015 The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes? The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys BTO:0000650 CALOHA:TS-1302 EFO:0002542 EMAPA:35305 EV:0100129 FMA:16018 MA:0001582 TAO:0001260 VHOG:0000049 ZFA:0001260 endocrine pancreas pars endocrina pancreatis uberon endocrine part of pancreas islets of Langerhans part of pancreas UBERON:0000016 endocrine pancreas UBERON:0000016 The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010407 BTO:0000434 CALOHA:TS-1241 EMAPA:35328 EV:0100093 FMA:16017 MA:0002415 TAO:0001249 UMLS:C0553695 VHOG:0000048 XAO:0000137 ZFA:0001249 exocrine pancreas pars exocrina pancreatis uberon exocrine component of pancreas exocrine part of pancreas UBERON:0000017 exocrine pancreas UBERON:0000017 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. AEO:0000094 BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:16192 EMAPA:35955 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 UMLS:C0935626 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum uberon Sinnesorgan sensor UBERON:0000020 sense organ UBERON:0000020 Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts) tubular galen:Tube anatomical tube duct uberon UBERON:0000025 tube UBERON:0000025 Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. appendicular this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers AEO:0000193 BILA:0000018 BTO:0001492 CARO:0010003 EFO:0000799 EHDAA2:0003193 EV:0100155 FBbt:00007000 HAO:0000144 MAT:0000023 MESH:D005121 MIAA:0000023 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0598782 VSAO:0000075 XAO:0000218 uberon appendages extremitaet extremity limbs/digits/tail UBERON:0000026 appendage UBERON:0000026 The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010335 AEO:0000106 BILA:0000115 BTO:0000282 CALOHA:TS-0436 EFO:0000964 EHDAA2:0003106 EMAPA:31858 FBbt:00000004 FMA:7154 GAID:61 HAO:0000397 MA:0000023 MAT:0000294 MESH:D006257 MIAA:0000294 OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SPD:0000016 TAO:0001114 TGMA:0000002 UMLS:C0018670 VHOG:0001644 WBbt:0005739 XAO:0003024 ZFA:0001114 galen:Head head (volume) adult head uberon cephalic area UBERON:0000033 head UBERON:0000033 multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:D012704 TAO:0005425 UMLS:C0036760 ZFA:0005425 tunica serosa wall of serous sac uberon serosa UBERON:0000042 serous membrane UBERON:0000042 Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis AEO:0000091 BTO:0001356 CALOHA:TS-1021 EHDAA2:0003091 EMAPA:35854 EV:0100149 FMA:9721 GAID:276 MA:0000115 MESH:D013710 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0039508 VHOG:0001286 VSAO:0000073 XAO:0000173 ZFA:0005647 galen:Tendon uberon sinew tendo UBERON:0000043 tendon UBERON:0000043 A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_100302]. Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] ganglionic AAO:0010426 AEO:0000135 BAMS:G BTO:0000497 CALOHA:TS-0397 EFO:0000899 EHDAA2:0003135 EHDAA:2897 EHDAA:4662 EHDAA:5621 EHDAA:918 EMAPA:32846 EV:0100372 FBbt:00005137 FMA:5884 MA:0002406 MAT:0000207 MAT:0000343 MESH:D005724 MIAA:0000207 MIAA:0000343 TAO:0000190 TGMA:0001016 UMLS:C0017067 VHOG:0000156 WBbt:0005189 XAO:0000209 ZFA:0000190 uberon ganglia neural ganglion UBERON:0000045 ganglion UBERON:0000045 A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. uberon UBERON:0000055 vessel UBERON:0000055 Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO] The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] ureteral ureteric in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers AAO:0010254 BTO:0001409 CALOHA:TS-1084 EFO:0000930 EHDAA2:0002139 EHDAA:9341 EMAPA:17950 EV:0100097 FMA:9704 GAID:438 MA:0000378 MAT:0000120 MESH:D014513 MIAA:0000120 OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0041951 VHOG:0000605 XAO:0000144 galen:Ureter uberon metanephric duct UBERON:0000056 ureter UBERON:0000056 the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening urethral In human males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. BTO:0001426 CALOHA:TS-1132 EFO:0000931 EMAPA:30901 EV:0100099 FMA:19667 GAID:390 MA:0000379 MAT:0000121 MESH:D014521 MIAA:0000121 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0041967 VHOG:0001264 XAO:0000153 galen:Urethra uberon UBERON:0000057 urethra UBERON:0000057 A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here. AAO:0011123 FBbt:00100314 FMA:30320 TAO:0005171 UMLS:C0687028 XAO:0004000 ZFA:0005171 galen:Duct anatomical duct exocrine duct exocrine gland duct uberon ducts UBERON:0000058 duct UBERON:0000058 Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. in FMA, serosa is a wall UBERON:0009915 wall EMAPA:25036 FMA:82482 galen:Wall wall of organ uberon organ wall UBERON:0000060 anatomical wall UBERON:0000060 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure uberon UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure UBERON:0000061 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 uberon anatomical unit body organ element UBERON:0000062 organ UBERON:0000062 A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. FMA:86140 uberon organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ UBERON:0000063 organ subunit UBERON:0000063 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future AAO:0011124 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 cardinal organ part uberon regional part of organ UBERON:0000064 organ part UBERON:0000064 Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 FMA:265130 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0000393 uberon UBERON:0000065 respiratory tract UBERON:0000065 The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. adult stage BTO:0001043 BilaDO:0000004 EFO:0001272 FBdv:00005369 WBls:0000041 XtroDO:0000084 fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage uberon UBERON:0000066 fully formed stage UBERON:0000066 A stage that is part of the embryo stage. embryonic stage part uberon UBERON:0000067 embryo stage part UBERON:0000067 A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryonic stage uberon embryogenesis UBERON:0000068 embryo stage UBERON:0000068 End of the life of an organism. ncit:Death is an outcome XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 uberon death UBERON:0000071 death stage UBERON:0000071 An section of a respiratory tract. MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole EMAPA:16737 FMA:45660 MA:0000434 uberon respiratory tract subdivision of respiratory tract UBERON:0000072 proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract UBERON:0000072 Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z UMLS:C1518256 part of nervous system uberon UBERON:0000073 regional part of nervous system UBERON:0000073 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERON:0010322 FMA:85544 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system subdivision uberon skeletal system part UBERON:0000075 subdivision of skeletal system UBERON:0000075 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis EHDAA2:0001968 EHDAA:1494 EHDAA:350 EHDAA:4784 EHDAA:4790 EHDAA:4796 EHDAA:7860 EMAPA:16096 FMA:87656 UMLS:C1515087 surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon UBERON:0000076 external ectoderm UBERON:0000076 The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle region of the nephric ridge; a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronephros, but is itself replaced by the adult metanephros [in mammals; in fishes and amphibians it is the adult kidney]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG] Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.[AAO] As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates. (...) In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG] mesonephric In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In fish and amphibians, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mammalian mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP, modified] AAO:0010384 BTO:0001542 CALOHA:TS-0624 EFO:0000928 EHDAA2:0001130 EHDAA:1581 EHDAA:5903 EMAPA:16744 EMAPA:27644 FMA:72171 GAID:1308 MESH:D001755 TAO:0000529 UMLS:C0025492 VHOG:0000038 XAO:0000141 ZFA:0000529 Wolffian body mesonephric kidney mesonephroi uberon amphibian adult kidney corpus Wolffi middle kidney opisthonephros opisto nephros opistonephros UBERON:0000080 mesonephros UBERON:0000080 In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO] TODO check developmental relationships A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter; replaces the embryonic pronephros and mesonephros [in mammals]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG] The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG] metanephric During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis BTO:0001543 EHDAA2:0001137 EHDAA:3089 EHDAA:5911 EMAPA:17207 EMAPA:17373 FMA:72172 UMLS:C0231049 VHOG:0000039 metanephron uberon definite kidney definitive kidney hind kidney metanephric kidney UBERON:0000081 metanephros UBERON:0000081 A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. TODO check Any of the renal tubules composing the mesonephros. In mammals they function as excretory structures during the early embryonic development but are later incorporated into the reproductive system. [TFD][VHOG] As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010389 EHDAA2:0001134 EMAPA:27588 EMAPA:27659 VHOG:0000500 XAO:0000148 uberon renal tubules tubuli mesonephrici UBERON:0000083 mesonephric tubule UBERON:0000083 An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP] Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG] Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts[VHOG:0000541]. The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001646 EHDAA2:0002140 EHDAA:3091 EHDAA:5917 EMAPA:17209 EMAPA:17376 UMLS:C1284058 VHOG:0000541 uberon diverticulum diverticulum metanephricum gemma ureterica metanephric bud metanephric diverticulum ureteric ampulla ureteric diverticulum UBERON:0000084 ureteric bud UBERON:0000084 stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997) BilaDO:0000003 OGES:000010 OGES:000014 OGES:000024 WBls:0000022 WBls:0000093 WBls:0000103 postembryonic stage post-hatching stage uberon postembryonic UBERON:0000092 post-embryonic stage UBERON:0000092 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] cjm 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z membrane FMA:7145 membrane of organ uberon UBERON:0000094 membrane organ UBERON:0000094 An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. FBdv:00000000 HsapDv:0000001 MmusDv:0000001 OGES:000011 ncithesaurus:Life entire life cycle entire lifespan life lifespan uberon UBERON:0000104 life cycle UBERON:0000104 A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage developmental stage stage uberon UBERON:0000105 life cycle stage UBERON:0000105 A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322 EHDAA:27 EMAPA:16033 FBdv:00005288 PdumDv:0000100 VHOG:0000745 XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 1-cell stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage uberon fertilized egg stage one-cell stage zygote zygotum UBERON:0000106 zygote stage UBERON:0000106 The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. BILS:0000107 BilaDO:0000006 EFO:0001290 FBdv:00000054 MESH:A16.254.270 MmusDv:0000004 OGES:000015 OGES:000020 PdumDv:0000200 XAO:1000004 ZFS:0000046 uberon UBERON:0000107 cleavage stage UBERON:0000107 An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage BILS:0000108 BilaDO:0000007 EFO:0001282 HsapDv:0000006 MmusDv:0000007 OGES:000003 OGES:000016 OGES:000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg WBls:0000005 XAO:1000003 ZFS:0000045 uberon UBERON:0000108 blastula stage UBERON:0000108 A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. BILS:0000109 BilaDO:0000008 EFO:0001296 FBdv:00005317 HsapDv:0000010 MmusDv:0000013 OGES:000004 OGES:000019 WBls:0000010 XAO:1000005 ZFS:0000047 uberon blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage UBERON:0000109 gastrula stage UBERON:0000109 Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. BILS:0000110 BilaDO:0000009 HsapDv:0000012 MmusDv:0000017 XAO:1000006 uberon UBERON:0000110 neurula stage UBERON:0000110 A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. BILS:0000111 BilaDO:0000010 HsapDv:0000015 MmusDv:0000018 OGES:000005 OGES:000032 uberon segmentation stage UBERON:0000111 organogenesis stage UBERON:0000111 A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) FMA:12224 segment of tracheobronchial tree respiratory conducting tube segment of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree segment uberon UBERON:0000117 respiratory tube UBERON:0000117 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. clarify successors - include bronchi? BTO:0001643 EHDAA2:0004089 UMLS:C1514420 UMLS:C1514897 uberon gemma pulmonalis gemma respiratoria lung bud primary lung bud respiratory diverticulum UBERON:0000118 lung bud UBERON:0000118 A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. UBERON:0005163 CARO:0001001 FBbt:00005099 funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle uberon UBERON:0000122 neuron projection bundle UBERON:0000122 uberon UBERON:0000153 anterior region of body UBERON:0000153 uberon UBERON:0000154 posterior region of body UBERON:0000154 A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. membrane FMA:30322 FMA:82500 MESH:D008566 membranous organ component uberon UBERON:0000158 membranous layer UBERON:0000158 Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. This class is probably too inclusive Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] intestinal In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type. AAO:0000246 ANISEED:1235303 BSA:0000093 BTO:0000648 CALOHA:TS-0490 EFO:0000834 EMAPA:32874 EMAPA:35180 EV:0100071 FMA:7199 GAID:295 MA:0000328 MA:0001524 MESH:A03.492.411 MIAA:0000043 TAO:0001338 UMLS:C0021853 VHOG:0000056 WBbt:0005772 XAO:0000129 ZFA:0001338 galen:Intestine bowel uberon intestinal tract UBERON:0000160 intestine UBERON:0000160 Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit anatomical ostium ostium FMA:3724 anatomical orifice hilum uberon UBERON:0000161 orifice UBERON:0000161 Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] cloacal Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. AAO:0000095 GAID:1206 MESH:D002988 UMLS:C0008987 VHOG:0001186 XAO:0000244 ZFA:0005781 uberon cloacal chamber vent UBERON:0000162 cloaca UBERON:0000162 endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals. EHDAA2:0000256 EHDAA:4895 EMAPA:27573 EMAPA:27638 uberon cloaca UBERON:0000163 embryonic cloaca UBERON:0000163 the ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females The ventral part of the cloaca after its separation from the rectum, giving rise to the lower part of the bladder in both sexes, to the prostatic portion of the male urethra, and to the urethra and vestibule in the female. [TFD][VHOG] In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG] the term 'urogenital sinus' may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal urogenital sinus EHDAA2:0004060 EHDAA:5029 EHDAA:5919 EMAPA:17211 EMAPA:17379 UMLS:C0231057 VHOG:0000414 UGS fetal UGS sinus urogenitalis uberon UBERON:0000164 primitive urogenital sinus UBERON:0000164 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] oral some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 galen:Mouth regio oralis adult mouth uberon cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris UBERON:0000165 mouth UBERON:0000165 1 1 1 1 The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. FMA:68877 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA lungs lungs pair pulmones set of lungs uberon UBERON:0000170 pair of lungs UBERON:0000170 Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. EMAPA:17607 SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ uberon gas exchange organ UBERON:0000171 respiration organ UBERON:0000171 A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity UBERON:0000324 UBERON:0007550 AEO:0000184 BTO:0000491 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 ENVO:02000022 FMA:9674 galen:Excretion excreted substance portion of excreted substance waste substance uberon excretion UBERON:0000174 excreta UBERON:0000174 A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 CALOHA:TS-0079 EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 MA:0000059 MESH:D001769 MIAA:0000315 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000007 UMLS:C0005767 VHOG:0000224 XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood portion of blood vertebrate blood uberon whole blood UBERON:0000178 blood UBERON:0000178 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. cjm 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z CARO:0000081 uberon blood or blood analog circulating fluid UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid UBERON:0000179 Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula UBERON:0007011 BILA:0000059 BTO:0000128 GAID:1294 MESH:A16.254.270.274 OGEM:000006 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg blastula embryo uberon blastosphere UBERON:0000307 blastula UBERON:0000307 The upper ventral region of an animal's torso. The breasts of a female primate's body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's. BTO:0000149 CALOHA:TS-2083 EV:0100124 FMA:9601 GAID:33 MESH:D001940 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjV7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0006141 galen:Breast mammary part of chest mammary region uberon mamma UBERON:0000310 breast UBERON:0000310 A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0003348 BTO:0000367 CALOHA:TS-0213 EMAPA:27235 FMA:14942 MA:0003207 Doudenal mucosa Duodenal mucous membrane mucosa of duodenum mucous membrane of duodenum uberon duodenum mucosa UBERON:0000320 duodenal mucosa UBERON:0000320 The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. BTO:0000503 EMAPA:27181 FMA:14919 uberon UBERON:0000325 gastric gland UBERON:0000325 The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen. BTO:0000547 FMA:45653 digestive tract wall wall of digestive tract wall of gut uberon wall of alimentary tract UBERON:0000328 gut wall UBERON:0000328 A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] mucosal FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0026724 galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa uberon region of mucosa tunica mucosa UBERON:0000344 mucosa UBERON:0000344 functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. parenchymal Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated EHDAA:3015 EHDAA:3905 EHDAA:3999 EHDAA:4005 EHDAA:6899 EHDAA:6903 EHDAA:6994 EHDAA:8086 EHDAA:9182 EHDAA:9190 EHDAA:9196 EHDAA:9202 FMA:45732 UMLS:C0933845 uberon UBERON:0000353 parenchyma UBERON:0000353 The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA AAO:0000307 BILA:0000088 BTO:0001369 BTO:0001485 EFO:0000801 EMAPA:35578 FBbt:00005069 FMA:72954 MA:0002888 MAT:0000025 MIAA:0000025 VSAO:0000033 XAO:0004042 muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system set of all muscles set of muscles of body vertebrate muscular system uberon muskelsystem UBERON:0000383 musculature of body UBERON:0000383 A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. BTO:0001837 FMA:62889 uberon UBERON:0000409 serous gland UBERON:0000409 A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] AAO:0010601 BTO:0001979 FMA:62888 glandula mucosa uberon muciparous gland mucous secreting gland mucus gland mucus-secreting gland UBERON:0000414 mucous gland UBERON:0000414 A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions UBERON:0006540 secretion AEO:0001005 BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 UMLS:C1516992 galen:Secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance uberon exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion UBERON:0000456 bodily secretion UBERON:0000456 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 galen:BodySubstance body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance uberon UBERON:0000463 organism substance UBERON:0000463 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 lumen space uberon anatomical spaces UBERON:0000464 anatomical space UBERON:0000464 Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 uberon UBERON:0000465 material anatomical entity UBERON:0000465 Anatomical entity that has no mass. AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity uberon UBERON:0000466 immaterial anatomical entity UBERON:0000466 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system uberon anatomical systems UBERON:0000467 anatomical system UBERON:0000467 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage organismal AAO:0010026 AEO:0000191 BILA:0000012 BSA:0000038 BTO:0000042 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EHDAA:9178 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FBbt:00000001 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 galen:Organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism multi-cellular organism organism whole organism animal uberon Koerper body whole body UBERON:0000468 multicellular organism UBERON:0000468 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future AAO:0010017 AEO:0000019 BILA:0000019 CARO:0000019 EHDAA2:0003019 HAO:0000019 TAO:0001489 TGMA:0001835 XAO:0003039 ZFA:0001489 uberon compound organ components UBERON:0000471 compound organ component UBERON:0000471 The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000083 CALOHA:TS-1303 EFO:0000969 EHDAA2:0000506 EHDAA:8116 EMAPA:17959 EV:0100110 FBbt:00004864 FMA:45663 GAID:364 HAO:0000324 MA:0000381 MESH:D005836 MIAA:0000028 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000635 UMLS:C0700038 VHOG:0000726 WBbt:0006748 WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system XAO:0000156 female organism genitalia female organism reproductive system genitalia of female organism reproductive system of female organism uberon female genital system female genital tract female genitalia female genitals female reproductive tract gynaecological tissue systema genitale femininum UBERON:0000474 female reproductive system UBERON:0000474 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region uberon body part body region cardinal body part UBERON:0000475 organism subdivision UBERON:0000475 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 uberon acellular anatomical structures UBERON:0000476 acellular anatomical structure UBERON:0000476 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3] AAO:0010009 AEO:0000041 BILA:0000041 CARO:0000041 EHDAA2:0003041 FBbt:00007277 FMA:49443 HAO:0000041 TADS:0000605 TAO:0001478 TGMA:0001842 VHOG:0001737 XAO:0003160 ZFA:0001478 uberon UBERON:0000477 anatomical cluster UBERON:0000477 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue uberon UBERON:0000479 tissue UBERON:0000479 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 FBbt:00007010 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 VHOG:0001762 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 uberon multi-tissue structures UBERON:0000481 multi-tissue structure UBERON:0000481 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] epithelial AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 TAO:0001486 UMLS:C0014609 VHOG:0000387 XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial tissue portion of epithelium uberon UBERON:0000483 epithelium UBERON:0000483 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] columnar epithelium columnar epithlium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 FBbt:00007027 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 TAO:0001496 UMLS:C0836135 XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelium uberon simple columnar epithelia UBERON:0000485 simple columnar epithelium UBERON:0000485 Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 TAO:0001494 UMLS:C0682575 XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 stratified epithelium uberon laminated epithelium UBERON:0000486 multilaminar epithelium UBERON:0000486 Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] AAO:0010066 AEO:0000070 BILA:0000070 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000070 EHDAA2:0003070 FMA:45565 HAO:0000070 TAO:0001498 UMLS:C0836133 XAO:0004010 ZFA:0001498 epithelium simplex squamosum uberon simple squamous epithelia UBERON:0000487 simple squamous epithelium UBERON:0000487 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated organ uberon cavitated compound organs UBERON:0000489 cavitated compound organ UBERON:0000489 Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 TAO:0001495 UMLS:C0682574 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 simple epithelium uberon unilaminar epithelia UBERON:0000490 unilaminar epithelium UBERON:0000490 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. mucoid mucous CALOHA:TS-2144 ENVO:02000040 FMA:66938 GAID:1164 MESH:D009093 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0026727 galen:Mucus uberon UBERON:0000912 mucus UBERON:0000912 Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest EMAPA:35862 FMA:259209 MA:0000022 thorax uberon anterior subdivision of trunk upper body upper trunk UBERON:0000915 thoracic segment of trunk UBERON:0000915 The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class abdominal celiac BTO:0000020 CALOHA:TS-0001 EFO:0000968 EMAPA:35102 EV:0100011 FMA:9577 GAID:16 MA:0000029 MAT:0000298 MESH:A01.047 MIAA:0000298 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA galen:Abdomen abdominopelvic region abdominopelvis uberon adult abdomen belly celiac region UBERON:0000916 abdomen UBERON:0000916 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 BILA:0000056 BSA:0000039 BTO:0000379 CALOHA:TS-0229 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0000002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FBbt:00000052 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:D004622 MIAA:0000019 OGEM:000001 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0013935 VHOG:0001766 XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 embryonic organism uberon developing organism developmental tissue UBERON:0000922 embryo UBERON:0000922 A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] embryonic tissue AAO:0000480 BILA:0000035 BTO:0000556 EMAPA:36033 FBbt:00000110 FMA:69069 GAID:1303 MESH:A16.254.425 TAO:0001122 UMLS:C0920502 UMLS:C1708239 VHOG:0001223 XAO:0003011 ZFA:0001122 germinal layer primary germ layer uberon embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers UBERON:0000923 Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] germ layer UBERON:0000923 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] ectodermal AAO:0000137 BILA:0000036 BTO:0000315 CALOHA:TS-0216 EFO:0000414 EHDAA2:0000428 EMAPA:16069 EV:0100003 FBbt:00000111 FMA:69070 GAID:1304 MAT:0000155 MAT:0000173 MESH:A16.254.425.273 MIAA:0000173 TAO:0000016 UMLS:C0013574 VHOG:0000153 XAO:0000001 ZFA:0000016 embryonic ectoderm uberon UBERON:0000924 ectoderm UBERON:0000924 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] endodermal AAO:0000139 BILA:0000038 BTO:0000800 CALOHA:TS-0273 EFO:0002545 EHDAA2:0000436 EMAPA:16062 EV:0100005 FBbt:00000125 FMA:69071 GAID:1305 MAT:0000175 MESH:A16.254.425.407 MIAA:0000175 TAO:0000017 UMLS:C0014144 VHOG:0000154 XAO:0000090 ZFA:0000017 uberon entoderm UBERON:0000925 endoderm UBERON:0000925 The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] mesodermal sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates UBERON:0003263 AAO:0000304 BILA:0000037 BTO:0000839 CALOHA:TS-0623 EFO:0001981 EHDAA2:0001128 EHDAA:124 EHDAA:160 EHDAA:168 EHDAA:183 EMAPA:16083 EV:0100006 FBbt:00000126 FMA:69072 GAID:522 MAT:0000174 MESH:A16.254.425.660 MIAA:0000174 TAO:0000041 UMLS:C0025485 VHOG:0000152 XAO:0000050 ZFA:0000041 uberon embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mantle UBERON:0000926 mesoderm UBERON:0000926 Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx stomodeal This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium BTO:0004224 EHDAA2:0001929 EMAPA:16263 FBbt:00000439 FMA:295846 TAO:0001290 TGMA:0000135 UMLS:C1514977 XAO:0000269 ZFA:0001290 mouth primordium primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum uberon mouth pit oral ectoderm oral pit UBERON:0000930 stomodeum UBERON:0000930 Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] proctodeal AAO:0011087 EHDAA2:0000121 EMAPA:25038 FBbt:00000123 TAO:0000066 UMLS:C0231054 VHOG:0000139 XAO:0001019 ZFA:0000066 embryonic proctodaeum proctodaeum amnioproctodeal invagination uberon anal pit anus porus UBERON:0000931 proctodeum UBERON:0000931 An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa AAO:0000579 ANISEED:1235297 BTO:0001307 CALOHA:TS-0980 EFO:0000837 EHDAA2:0001915 EHDAA:2993 EMAPA:17021 EV:0100070 FMA:7148 GAID:293 MA:0000353 MAT:0000051 MESH:A03.492.766 MIAA:0000051 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002121 UMLS:C0038351 VHOG:0000408 XAO:0000128 galen:Stomach stomach chamber uberon Ventricular anterior intestine gaster mesenteron ventriculus UBERON:0000945 stomach UBERON:0000945 A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] cardiac AAO:0010210 BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 CALOHA:TS-0445 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:D006321 MIAA:0000036 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000114 UMLS:C0018787 VHOG:0000276 XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 galen:Heart chambered heart vertebrate heart branchial heart uberon Herz@de cardium UBERON:0000948 Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706 heart UBERON:0000948 Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] endocrine AAO:0010279 CALOHA:TS-1301 EFO:0002969 EHDAA2:0002224 EMAPA:35306 EV:0100128 FBbt:00005068 FMA:9668 GAID:439 MA:0000012 MESH:D004703 TAO:0001158 UMLS:C0014136 VHOG:0000098 XAO:0000158 ZFA:0001158 endocrine glandular system endocrine system systema endocrinum uberon UBERON:0000949 endocrine system UBERON:0000949 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010478 ABA:Brain BAMS:Br BAMS:Brain BILA:0000135 BTO:0000142 CALOHA:TS-0095 DHBA:10155 EFO:0000302 EHDAA2:0000183 EHDAA:2641 EHDAA:6485 EMAPA:16894 EV:0100164 FBbt:00005095 FMA:50801 GAID:571 HBA:4005 MA:0000168 MAT:0000098 MESH:D001921 MIAA:0000098 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PBA:3999 TAO:0000008 UMLS:C0006104 UMLS:C1269537 VHOG:0000157 XAO:0000010 ZFA:0000008 galen:Brain http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 uberon encephalon suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain UBERON:0000955 brain UBERON:0000955 An organ that detects light. This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) ocular optic Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 CALOHA:TS-0309 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 FBbt:00005162 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:D005123 MIAA:0000140 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA uberon light-detecting organ visual apparatus UBERON:0000970 eye UBERON:0000970 An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. cervical AEO:0000108 BTO:0000420 CALOHA:TS-2045 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 EMAPA:35587 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:D009333 MIAA:0000297 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0027530 galen:Neck uberon collum neck (volume) UBERON:0000974 neck UBERON:0000974 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] articulation joint AEO:0000182 BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 TAO:0000367 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 galen:Joint uberon articular joint joints UBERON:0000982 skeletal joint UBERON:0000982 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010258 BILA:0000103 BTO:0000081 CALOHA:TS-1318 EFO:0000809 EHDAA2:0001603 EHDAA:5923 EMAPA:17381 EV:0100100 FBbt:00004857 FMA:7160 GAID:363 HAO:0000374 HAO:0000895 MA:0000326 MIAA:0000305 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000632 UMLS:C1261210 VHOG:0000182 WBbt:0005747 XAO:0000142 ZFA:0000632 uberon Geschlechtsorgan animal reproductive system genital system genital tract genitalia organa genitalia reproductive tissue reproductive tract systemata genitalia UBERON:0000990 reproductive system UBERON:0000990 Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] gonadal FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' AAO:0000213 BILA:0000123 BSA:0000079 BTO:0000534 EMAPA:16857 EMAPA:17383 FBbt:00004858 FMA:18250 GAID:368 HAO:0000379 MA:0002420 MESH:D006066 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000413 UMLS:C0018067 VHOG:0000397 WBbt:0005175 XAO:0003146 ZFA:0000413 gonada uberon gonads UBERON:0000991 gonad UBERON:0000991 The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] epidermal Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). epidermis skin AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 CALOHA:TS-0283 EFO:0000954 EMAPA:17528 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:D004817 MIAA:0000154 TAO:0000105 UMLS:C0014520 VHOG:0000077 XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 vertebrate epidermis uberon UBERON:0001003 skin epidermis UBERON:0001003 Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000541 BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000272 UMLS:C0035237 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius respiratory system uberon Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium UBERON:0001004 respiratory system UBERON:0001004 An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends airway airways FMA:265130 uberon UBERON:0001005 respiratory airway UBERON:0001005 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] digestive many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class AAO:0000129 BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-1293 EFO:0000793 EV:0100056 FBbt:00005055 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:D004064 MIAA:0000018 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 WBbt:0005748 XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 galen:DigestiveSystem ncithesaurus:Digestive_System uberon alimentary system alimentary tract gastrointestinal system gut UBERON:0001007 digestive system UBERON:0001007 The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products.. In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans AAO:0010257 BILA:0000015 BTO:0001244 BTO:0003092 CALOHA:TS-1323 EFO:0000803 EHDAA2:0001601 EHDAA:5901 EMAPA:17366 EV:0100095 FBbt:00005056 FMA:7159 GAID:391 MA:0000325 MAT:0000027 MESH:D014551 MIAA:0000027 TADS:0000162 TAO:0000163 UMLS:C1508753 VHOG:0000723 WBbt:0005736 XAO:0000143 ZFA:0000163 galen:UrinaryTract excretory system renal system systema urinaria systema urinarium urinary system urinary tract uberon renal or urinary system renal/urinary system UBERON:0001008 renal system UBERON:0001008 organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-2103 FBbt:00005057 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0001248 uberon systema cardiovasculare UBERON:0001009 circulatory system UBERON:0001009 Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] adipose In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue AAO:0000001 AEO:000020 BTO:0001487 CALOHA:TS-0013 EFO:0000790 EHDAA2:0003120 EMAPA:35112 EV:0100381 FMA:20110 GAID:920 MA:0000009 MAT:0000015 MESH:D000273 MIAA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002134 UMLS:C0001527 VHOG:0001284 XAO:0003049 ZFA:0005345 galen:FattyTissue fat fat tissue fatty tissue uberon adipose bodyfat fatty depot UBERON:0001013 adipose tissue UBERON:0001013 A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. AAO:0011066 BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:32715 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 MA:0000165 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000548 UMLS:C0026845 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles uberon muscle system muscles musculature system UBERON:0001015 musculature UBERON:0001015 The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] nervous neural AAO:0000324 BILA:0000079 BTO:0001484 CALOHA:TS-1313 EFO:0000802 EHDAA2:0001246 EHDAA:826 EMAPA:16469 EV:0100162 FBbt:00005093 FMA:7157 GAID:466 MA:0000016 MAT:0000026 MESH:D009420 MIAA:0000026 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000396 UMLS:C0027763 VHOG:0000402 WBbt:0005735 XAO:0000177 ZFA:0000396 neurological system nerve net uberon systema nervosum UBERON:0001016 nervous system UBERON:0001016 The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000090 BAMS:CNS BILA:0000080 BTO:0000227 CALOHA:TS-0150 EFO:0000908 EHDAA2:0000225 EHDAA:828 EMAPA:16470 EMAPA:16754 EV:0100163 FBbt:00005094 FMA:55675 GAID:570 MA:0000167 MAT:0000457 MESH:D002490 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000012 UMLS:C0927232 VHOG:0000293 XAO:0000215 ZFA:0000012 CNS systema nervosum centrale cerebrospinal axis uberon neuraxis UBERON:0001017 central nervous system UBERON:0001017 An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] nervous AAO:0011070 AEO:0000137 BAMS:n BSA:0000098 BTO:0000925 BTO:0001027 CALOHA:TS-0772 EHDAA2:0003137 EHDAA:2851 EHDAA:3776 EHDAA:4657 EMAPA:32808 EMAPA:32815 EV:0100371 FBbt:00005105 FMA:65132 FMA:65239 GAID:747 GAID:758 MA:0000217 MA:0000228 MESH:D010525 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0007009 UMLS:C0027740 UMLS:C0031119 VHOG:0000901 XAO:0000204 XAO:0003047 ZFA:0007009 galen:Nerve nerves peripheral nerve uberon neural subtree UBERON:0001021 nerve UBERON:0001021 Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs AAO:0000555 BAMS:SEN BILA:0000099 EFO:0000805 EHDAA2:0003094 EMAPA:16192 FBbt:00005827 FMA:75259 MA:0002442 MAT:0000031 MIAA:0000031 TAO:0000282 VHOG:0001674 XAO:0003194 ZFA:0000282 organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory subsystem sensory systems uberon organa sensuum sensory organ system set of sense organs UBERON:0001032 sensory system UBERON:0001032 The sensory system for the sense of taste. The sensory system for the sense of taste[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090803]. The sensory system used for the sense of taste.[AAO] gustatory in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes AAO:0010577 BILA:0000143 EFO:0000830 FMA:7194 MA:0002446 MAT:0000275 MIAA:0000275 TAO:0001101 XAO:0003197 ZFA:0001101 gustatory organ system taste system uberon UBERON:0001033 gustatory system UBERON:0001033 Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011042 BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 FBbt:00005379 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 TGMA:0001014 UMLS:C0231051 VHOG:0000285 XAO:0000232 uberon praeenteron proenteron UBERON:0001041 foregut UBERON:0001041 A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme pharynx AAO:0000967 BTO:0001049 CALOHA:TS-0785 EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 GAID:155 MA:0000432 MESH:A03.867 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000056 UMLS:C0031354 VHOG:0000462 XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx uberon UBERON:0001042 Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx chordate pharynx UBERON:0001042 Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon in FMA this represents an embryonic region. BILA:0000086 BTO:0000863 EFO:0001950 EHDAA2:0001185 EHDAA:983 EMAPA:16255 FBbt:00005383 FMA:45617 MA:0001564 TGMA:0001036 UMLS:C0231052 VHOG:0000290 XAO:0000103 uberon mesenteron UBERON:0001045 midgut UBERON:0001045 The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest). We may explicitly make this a developmental class the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium AAO:0011052 BILA:0000087 BTO:0000510 EHDAA2:0000779 EHDAA:975 EMAPA:16715 FBbt:00005384 FMA:45618 MA:0001527 TGMA:0001020 UMLS:C0231053 VHOG:0000459 XAO:0000104 uberon metenteron UBERON:0001046 hindgut UBERON:0001046 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. AEO:0000171 BTO:0001886 EFO:0001652 EHDAA2:0003171 FBbt:00005495 FMA:86589 MAT:0000482 UMLS:C0678727 XAO:0003043 uberon bud future organ placode primordia rudiment UBERON:0001048 primordium UBERON:0001048 In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium AAO:0010617 BTO:0001057 CALOHA:TS-2371 DHBA:10154 EHDAA2:0001254 EHDAA:2869 EHDAA:908 EMAPA:16164 EMAPA:16530 EMAPA:16757 FMA:293882 MAT:0000069 MIAA:0000069 TAO:0001135 UMLS:C0231024 VHOG:0000307 XAO:0003204 ZFA:0001135 uberon neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis UBERON:0001049 neural tube UBERON:0001049 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 uberon UBERON:0001062 anatomical entity UBERON:0001062 A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. UBERON:0005627 pancreatic duct BTO:0002362 EHDAA2:0001396 EHDAA:6905 EMAPA:17510 FMA:16003 GAID:337 MA:0000126 MESH:D010183 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 UMLS:C0030288 VHOG:0000256 chief pancreatic duct duct of Wirsung main pancreatic duct uberon canal of Wirsung ductus pancreatis ventralis hepaticopancreatic duct UBERON:0001064 ventral pancreatic duct UBERON:0001064 Excretion that is the output of a kidney kidney excreta from some taxa (e.g. in aves) may not be liquid BTO:0001419 CALOHA:TS-1092 EFO:0001939 EMAPA:36554 ENVO:00002047 FMA:12274 GAID:1189 MA:0002545 MAT:0000058 MESH:D014556 MIAA:0000058 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0042036 galen:Urine uberon UBERON:0001088 urine UBERON:0001088 Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae. Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 TAO:0005154 UMLS:C0039097 ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid uberon UBERON:0001090 synovial fluid UBERON:0001090 Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts EMAPA:18306 FMA:13361 MA:0000360 UMLS:C0447541 hepatic lobe liver lobe lobus hepatis uberon UBERON:0001113 lobe of liver UBERON:0001113 The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] EHDAA2:0001008 EHDAA:4001 EMAPA:18311 FMA:13362 MA:0000363 TAO:0005173 UMLS:C0227481 VHOG:0001424 ZFA:0005173 liver right lobe lobus hepaticus dexter right liver lobe uberon 2nd lobe gall bladder lobe lobus hepatis dexter right hepatic lobe second lobe UBERON:0001114 right lobe of liver UBERON:0001114 The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] EHDAA2:0001000 EHDAA:3995 EMAPA:18307 FMA:13363 MA:0000361 TAO:0005172 UMLS:C0227486 VHOG:0001423 ZFA:0005172 left liver lobe liver left lobe lobus hepaticus sinister uberon left hepatic lobe lobus hepatis sinister UBERON:0001115 left lobe of liver UBERON:0001115 Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit UBERON:0007096 AAO:0010245 AEO:0000142 BILA:0000134 BTO:0000199 CALOHA:TS-0440 EHDAA2:0003142 EMAPA:32688 FMA:14068 TAO:0005280 ZFA:0005280 galen:CardiacMuscle galen:CardiacMuscleTissue ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle cardiac muscle cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac muscle textus muscularis heart muscle muscle tissue heart muscle textus muscularis heart myocardium muscle tissue heart myocardium textus muscularis muscle of heart muscle tissue muscle of heart textus muscularis muscle tissue of cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart muscle muscle tissue of heart myocardium muscle tissue of muscle of heart muscle tissue of myocardium myocardium muscle tissue myocardium textus muscularis textus muscularis of cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart muscle textus muscularis of heart myocardium textus muscularis of muscle of heart textus muscularis of myocardium uberon cardiac musculature UBERON:0001133 cardiac muscle tissue UBERON:0001133 Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] skeletal muscle EMAPA:32716 FMA:14069 MA:0002439 UMLS:C0242692 uberon skeletal muscle system somatic muscle UBERON:0001134 skeletal muscle tissue UBERON:0001134 Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 CALOHA:TS-1183 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 EHDAA:2331 EHDAA:2349 EHDAA:295 EHDAA:6073 EHDAA:640 EHDAA:646 EMAPA:32856 FMA:14074 MA:0000565 UMLS:C0086610 uberon UBERON:0001136 mesothelium UBERON:0001136 A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. dorsal In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body BTO:0001713 CALOHA:TS-2223 EFO:0001405 FMA:14181 GAID:30 MESH:A01.176 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0004600 galen:Back back back of body proper dorsal part of organism uberon UBERON:0001137 dorsum UBERON:0001137 the tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000333 EHDAA:3045 EMAPA:16841 FMA:14539 GAID:290 MA:0000355 MESH:A03.159.183.419 OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005166 UMLS:C0010672 VHOG:0000213 ZFA:0005166 galen:CysticDuct uberon ductus cysticus UBERON:0001152 cystic duct UBERON:0001152 The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type BTO:0000505 EMAPA:35810 FMA:14560 MA:0002559 UMLS:C0227230 galen:GastricCorpus corpus gastricum (ventriculare) gastric body stomach body uberon corpus gastricum corpus ventriculare corpus ventriculi gastric corpus UBERON:0001161 body of stomach UBERON:0001161 the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells antrum BTO:0001732 EFO:0002555 EMAPA:17891 FMA:14579 GAID:332 MA:0001624 MESH:A03.492.766.716 UMLS:C0034193 galen:PyloricAntrum antrum of stomach stomach pyloric antrum uberon antrum of Willis antrum pylori antrum pyloricum gastric antrum stomach antrum UBERON:0001165 pyloric antrum UBERON:0001165 the stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] pyloric BTO:0001146 EHDAA2:0001580 EHDAA:4860 EMAPA:17631 FMA:14581 GAID:333 MA:0002560 MESH:A03.492.766.799 UMLS:C0034196 VHOG:0000420 galen:Pylorus pars pylorica pars pylorica gastricae pyloric part of stomach pyloric region stomach pyloric region uberon valvula pylori UBERON:0001166 pylorus UBERON:0001166 the layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between EMAPA:35826 FMA:14582 MA:0002692 galen:WallOfStomach anatomical wall of stomach anatomical wall of ventriculus gastric wall stomach anatomical wall stomach wall ventriculus anatomical wall ventriculus wall wall of ventriculus uberon UBERON:0001167 wall of stomach UBERON:0001167 An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35785 FMA:14615 MA:0002696 UMLS:C1519375 anatomical wall of small bowel anatomical wall of small intestine small bowel anatomical wall small bowel wall small intestinal wall small intestine anatomical wall small intestine wall wall of small bowel uberon UBERON:0001168 wall of small intestine UBERON:0001168 The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. FMA:14653 MA:0002498 UMLS:C0682620 uberon UBERON:0001171 portal lobule UBERON:0001171 The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. EMAPA:35497 FMA:14654 MA:0002496 UMLS:C0227519 liver acinus portal acinus uberon UBERON:0001172 hepatic acinus UBERON:0001172 A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] AAO:0011020 EMAPA:35172 FMA:14665 UMLS:C0005423 XAO:0000455 uberon biliary tract UBERON:0001173 The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP] biliary tree UBERON:0001173 the part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000303 EHDAA:3981 EMAPA:17201 FMA:14667 GAID:282 MA:0001631 MESH:D003135 TAO:0005165 UMLS:C0009437 VHOG:0000214 ZFA:0005165 galen:CommonBileDuct ductus choledochus (biliaris) uberon ductus choledochus UBERON:0001174 common bile duct UBERON:0001174 Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] EMAPA:19101 FMA:14668 GAID:286 MA:0002660 MESH:D006500 UMLS:C0019149 VHOG:0000220 uberon ductus hepaticus communis hepatic duct UBERON:0001175 common hepatic duct UBERON:0001175 The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001727 EHDAA:3992 EMAPA:32797 FMA:14669 MA:0001639 UMLS:C0227557 VHOG:0000217 uberon ductus hepaticus dexter UBERON:0001176 right hepatic duct UBERON:0001176 The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000941 EHDAA:3990 EMAPA:32795 FMA:14670 MA:0001638 UMLS:C0227560 VHOG:0000218 uberon ductus hepaticus sinister UBERON:0001177 left hepatic duct UBERON:0001177 An artery that supplies the liver. currently defined in a generic fashion. Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] BTO:0004307 EMAPA:17859 FMA:14769 GAID:496 MA:0001963 MESH:D006499 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005161 UMLS:C0019145 ZFA:0005161 galen:HepaticArtery arteria hepatica propria uberon arteria hepatica UBERON:0001193 hepatic artery UBERON:0001193 The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. BTO:0001308 CALOHA:TS-0404 EMAPA:35817 FMA:14907 GAID:321 MA:0002683 MESH:A03.492.766.440 OpenCyc:Mx8NhB4rvcD6KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0017136 galen:GastricMucosa gastric mucosa gastric mucous membrane mucosa of organ of stomach mucosa of organ of ventriculus mucosa of ventriculus mucous membrane of stomach mucous membrane of ventriculus organ mucosa of stomach organ mucosa of ventriculus stomach mucosa stomach mucosa of organ stomach mucous membrane stomach organ mucosa tunica mucosa (gaster) tunica mucosa gastricae ventriculus mucosa ventriculus mucosa of organ ventriculus mucous membrane ventriculus organ mucosa uberon Magenschleimhaut tunica mucosa gastris UBERON:0001199 mucosa of stomach UBERON:0001199 A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] AAO:0011093 EMAPA:19251 FMA:14916 MA:0002952 OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0227238 VHOG:0001466 XAO:0000457 pyloric valve uberon UBERON:0001202 pyloric sphincter UBERON:0001202 A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001259 CALOHA:TS-0941 EMAPA:35780 FMA:14933 MA:0002686 UMLS:C0227261 mucosa of organ of small bowel mucosa of organ of small intestine mucosa of small bowel mucous membrane of small bowel mucous membrane of small intestine organ mucosa of small bowel organ mucosa of small intestine small bowel mucosa small bowel mucosa of organ small bowel mucous membrane small bowel organ mucosa small intestinal mucosa small intestine mucosa small intestine mucosa of organ small intestine mucous membrane small intestine organ mucosa tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) tunica mucosa intestini tenuis uberon UBERON:0001204 mucosa of small intestine UBERON:0001204 A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. CALOHA:TS-2230 EMAPA:17948 FMA:15575 GAID:426 MA:0000374 MESH:D007682 UMLS:C0227666 galen:RenalPelvis kidney pelvis pelvis of ureter uberon p. renallis pyelum UBERON:0001224 In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter renal pelvis UBERON:0001224 The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479) BTO:0000642 EMAPA:35440 FMA:15695 GAID:296 MA:0001537 MESH:A03.492.411.369 UMLS:C0021839 bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine tunica mucosa intestini uberon UBERON:0001242 intestinal mucosa UBERON:0001242 Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. anal In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html BTO:0001680 CALOHA:TS-2005 EV:0100082 FBbt:00003148 FMA:15711 GAID:312 MA:0000331 MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000066 TGMA:0001279 UMLS:C0003461 WBbt:0005364 galen:Anus anal opening anal orifice opening of terminal part of digestive tract uberon proctodeum UBERON:0001245 anus UBERON:0001245 The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. FMA:15767 MA:0002668 UMLS:C0227515 interlobular ductule uberon UBERON:0001246 interlobular bile duct UBERON:0001246 distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO] In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG] vesical The urinary bladder evolved in tetrapods. Birds to not possess a true urinary bladder, although Palaeognathae have an undifferentiated cloacal outpocketing that serves a similar function[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454] bladder AAO:0000623 BTO:0001418 CALOHA:TS-1090 EFO:0000290 EHDAA2:0000174 EHDAA:9328 EMAPA:18321 EV:0100098 FMA:15900 GAID:0000004 MA:0000380 MAT:0000122 MESH:A05.810.161 MIAA:0000122 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0005682 VHOG:0000740 XAO:0000154 galen:UrinaryBladder vesica urinaria uberon urocyst vesica UBERON:0001255 urinary bladder UBERON:0001255 An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different BTO:0000647 EMAPA:35181 EMAPA:35444 FMA:15949 MA:0001525 MA:0002693 UMLS:C1708548 anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall wall of bowel uberon bowel wall UBERON:0001262 wall of intestine UBERON:0001262 The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. EMAPA:35651 FMA:16011 MA:0002417 UMLS:C0227578 acinus pancreaticus pancreas acinus uberon pancreatic acinar pancreatic acini UBERON:0001263 pancreatic acinus UBERON:0001263 An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] pancreatic As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans AAO:0010112 BTO:0000988 CALOHA:TS-0736 EFO:0000855 EHDAA2:0001367 EHDAA:6893 EMAPA:17503 EV:0100092 FMA:7198 GAID:334 MA:0000120 MAT:0000075 MESH:D010179 MIAA:0000075 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000140 UMLS:C0030274 VHOG:0000050 XAO:0000136 ZFA:0000140 galen:Pancreas uberon UBERON:0001264 pancreas UBERON:0001264 The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list. Note that even though the class includes soft tissue it is more restrictive than 'pelvis' which also includes structures in cavities etc. TODO this needs to be better documented Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] FMA:16581 UMLS:C0684083 VSAO:0000304 uberon girdle - pelvic pelvic girdle UBERON:0001271 pelvic girdle region UBERON:0001271 The epithelial layer of the stomach . in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular BTO:0000500 CALOHA:TS-2068 EHDAA2:0001918 EMAPA:17023 FMA:17091 MA:0001610 VHOG:0001433 epithelial tissue of stomach epithelial tissue of ventriculus epithelium of ventriculus stomach epithelial tissue stomach epithelium ventriculus epithelial tissue ventriculus epithelium uberon gastric epithelium UBERON:0001276 epithelium of stomach UBERON:0001276 A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. FMA:17523 MA:0002499 UMLS:C0227514 trias hepatica uberon trias hepatica UBERON:0001279 portal triad UBERON:0001279 The functional units of the liver including the lobules. the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0003223 AAO:0010405 EHDAA2:0001004 EHDAA:2201 EMAPA:17203 FMA:17540 MA:0000366 VHOG:0000539 XAO:0000454 hepatic parenchyma liver parenchyme parenchyma of liver uberon hepatic parenchyme UBERON:0001280 liver parenchyma UBERON:0001280 the tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct) FMA:17545 MA:0002669 UMLS:C0227517 canal of Herring cholangiole ductus interlobularis bilifer uberon canal of Hering canals of Hering duct of Herring intrahepatic bile ductule UBERON:0001282 intralobular bile duct UBERON:0001282 The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] EFO:0000847 EHDAA2:0000122 EHDAA:2931 EMAPA:16831 MA:0000329 MAT:0000042 MIAA:0000042 UMLS:C0230120 VHOG:0000395 WBbt:0006919 uberon posterior posterior end of organism UBERON:0001353 anal region UBERON:0001353 Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] skeletal GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates AAO:0000566 BTO:0001486 CALOHA:TS-1320 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0003168 EMAPA:35773 FMA:23881 MA:0000018 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000434 UMLS:C0037253 VHOG:0001254 VSAO:0000027 XAO:0003060 ZFA:0000434 skeleton system set of all bones and joints uberon Skelettsystem UBERON:0001434 skeletal system https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system UBERON:0001434 Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions pectoral thoracic BTO:0001368 CALOHA:TS-1039 EFO:0000965 EV:0100010 FMA:9576 GAID:91 MA:0000031 MAT:0000295 MESH:A01.911 MIAA:0000295 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVikFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0817096 UMLS:C1527391 galen:Chest galen:Thorax anterolateral part of thorax front of thorax pectus ventral part of thoracic region uberon thoracic body wall thorax UBERON:0001443 chest UBERON:0001443 FMA:24218 XAO:0000040 head subdivision uberon head region region of head UBERON:0001444 subdivision of head UBERON:0001444 A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. facial The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0015450 galen:Face uberon facia/facies visage UBERON:0001456 face UBERON:0001456 Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001514 UMLS:C0262950 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 galen:Bone bone element bone organ uberon bone bones UBERON:0001474 bone element UBERON:0001474 An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. check ncita FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:D017746 UMLS:C0206207 galen:JointCapsule capsula articularis fibrous capsule of joint joint capsule joint fibrous capsule uberon capsulae articulares UBERON:0001484 articular capsule UBERON:0001484 A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this gut AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FBbt:00003125 FMA:45615 MA:0000917 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 UMLS:C0017189 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 galen:AlimentaryTract digestive tube enteric tract alimentary canal alimentary tract uberon digestive canal gut tube UBERON:0001555 digestive tract UBERON:0001555 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. FMA:45659 MA:0002636 galen:LowerUrinaryTract uberon UBERON:0001556 lower urinary tract UBERON:0001556 The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. Some specify that the glottis (vocal cords) is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts;[2] yet even others make the line at the cricoid cartilage. The FMA includes nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[WP] EHDAA2:0002136 EMAPA:17669 FMA:45661 MA:0000442 OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ VHOG:0000406 uberon UBERON:0001557 upper respiratory tract UBERON:0001557 The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified] EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g VHOG:0000382 uberon UBERON:0001558 lower respiratory tract UBERON:0001558 An artery that supplies the myocardium. BTO:0000290 CALOHA:TS-0176 EFO:0002551 EMAPA:19160 EMAPA:25968 EV:0100383 FMA:49893 MA:0002453 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoL56ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0205042 VHOG:0001557 ZFA:0005812 galen:CoronaryArtery coronary arterial tree uberon coronary vessel UBERON:0001621 coronary artery UBERON:0001621 Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] muscular muscle AAO:0011066 EMAPA:32715 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 MA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005145 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle uberon UBERON:0001630 muscle organ UBERON:0001630 An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] arterial AAO:0010211 AEO:0000208 BTO:0000573 CALOHA:TS-0054 EFO:0000814 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA2:0003253 EMAPA:35147 EV:0100026 FMA:50720 GAID:468 MA:0000064 MAT:0000034 MESH:D001158 MIAA:0000034 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000005 UMLS:C0003842 VHOG:0001251 XAO:0000114 ZFA:0000005 galen:Artery arterial subtree arterial tree organ part arteries uberon arterial system arterial vessel UBERON:0001637 artery UBERON:0001637 Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] venous subtree venous vessel AAO:0010212 AEO:0000209 BTO:0000234 CALOHA:TS-1108 EFO:0000816 EHDAA2:0003254 EMAPA:35906 EV:0100031 FMA:50723 GAID:492 MA:0000067 MAT:0000037 MESH:D014680 MIAA:0000037 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000082 UMLS:C0042449 VHOG:0001743 XAO:0000115 ZFA:0000082 galen:Vein venous tree organ part uberon vascular element vena venae UBERON:0001638 vein UBERON:0001638 Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. The organ of hearing and of equilibrium. [TFD][VHOG] Both vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs are thought to have evolved from primitive mechanosensors, but the nature of the ancestral structure and the evolutionary trajectories followed in distinct animal lineages remain unknown. In particular, we do not know how many types of mechanosensor existed in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor from which insects and vertebrates evolved or whether the PDA had an auditory organ.[well established][VHOG] auricular AAO:0011014 BTO:0000368 CALOHA:TS-1165 EFO:0000826 EHDAA2:0000423 EHDAA:502 EMAPA:16193 EV:0100353 FMA:52780 GAID:62 MA:0000236 MAT:0000138 MESH:D004423 MIAA:0000138 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViXS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0013443 UMLS:C0521421 VHOG:0000330 XAO:0000189 galen:Ear uberon auditory apparatus auris UBERON:0001690 ear UBERON:0001690 A horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]. Use this class for both the nails of primates and the homologous claws of mammals such as mouse. A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared BTO:0001719 CALOHA:TS-2034 EFO:0000956 EMAPA:35580 EV:0100159 FMA:54326 GAID:1320 MA:0002703 MAT:0000158 MESH:D009262 MIAA:0000158 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0027342 VHOG:0001361 XAO:0003103 galen:Nail nail/claw claw uberon talon UBERON:0001705 The nails of humans and the claws are moth are highly similar. Both species have a proximal nail fold, cuticle, nail matrix, nail bed, nail plate, and hyponychium. Distinguishing features are the shape of the nail and the presence of an extended hyponychium in the mouse [PMC3579226] nail UBERON:0001705 the groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] UBERON:0003213 UBERON:0026601 BTO:0000106 EFO:0000902 EMAPA:16659 FMA:54502 MA:0000213 MA:0000214 MAT:0000200 MIAA:0000200 TAO:0000013 VHOG:0000076 XAO:0000027 ZFA:0000013 cranial ganglion cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system cranial ganglion/nerve cranial nerve ganglion cranial neural ganglion cranial neural tree organ ganglion ganglion of cranial nerve ganglion of cranial neural tree organ uberon cranial ganglia head ganglion presumptive cranial ganglia UBERON:0001714 cranial ganglion UBERON:0001714 the any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified] Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] AAO:0011101 BAMS:spin BTO:0000870 EHDAA2:0001898 EMAPA:16989 FMA:5858 GAID:841 MA:0000233 MESH:D013127 OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0037941 VHOG:0000824 XAO:0003101 backbone nerve nerve of backbone nerve of spinal column nerve of spine nerve of vertebral column spinal column nerve spinal nerve tree spine nerve vertebral column nerve uberon nervi spinales spinal nerves UBERON:0001780 spinal nerve UBERON:0001780 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 AAO:0000108 BAMS:cran BTO:0001104 EHDAA2:0000323 EMAPA:17264 FMA:5865 GAID:802 HBA:9299 MA:0000215 MBA:967 MESH:D003391 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000641 UMLS:C0010268 UMLS:C1269897 VHOG:0000279 XAO:0000429 XAO:0003089 ZFA:0000641 cranial neural tree organ uberon cranial nerves nervus cranialis UBERON:0001785 cranial nerve UBERON:0001785 The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO] The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO] In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG] prosencephalic FB AAO:0010147 BAMS:FB BAMS:Forebrain BTO:0000478 CALOHA:TS-0380 DHBA:10156 DMBA:15566 EFO:0000909 EHDAA2:0000556 EHDAA:3470 EMAPA:16895 FMA:61992 MA:0000170 MAT:0000105 MESH:D016548 MIAA:0000105 TAO:0000109 UMLS:C0085140 VHOG:0000383 XAO:0000011 ZFA:0000109 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27 uberon prosencephalon UBERON:0001890 forebrain UBERON:0001890 The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. developmental relationships need revised Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] mesencephalic part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN10:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships MB AAO:0010149 BAMS:MES BM:MB BTO:0000138 CALOHA:TS-0630 DHBA:10648 DMBA:16649 EFO:0000919 EHDAA2:0001162 EHDAA:3694 EMAPA:16974 EV:0100242 FMA:61993 HBA:9001 MA:0000207 MAT:0000106 MBA:313 MESH:D008636 MIAA:0000106 OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 TAO:0000128 UMLS:C0025462 VHOG:0000069 XAO:0000014 ZFA:0000128 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 uberon mesencephalon UBERON:0001891 midbrain UBERON:0001891 Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA:62000]. Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.[AAO] The anterior and dorsal forebrain neuromere, includes the olfactory bulb. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from presumptive telencephalon (TAO:0000571)[TAO] From an evolutionary standpoint, the telencephalon is the most recent brain structure: the amphioxus does not have this structure as a morphological entity. Overt telencephalon is present in the hagfish and lamprey to receive numerous input fibers from various parts of the CNS, similar to gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] cerebral telenencephalic In mammals the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres. In ray-finned fishes the inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles. In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians, and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum. In the most primitive living vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb. The cerebrum of birds has evolved along different lines to that of mammals, although they are similarly enlarged, by comparison with reptiles. However, this enlargement is largely due to the basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining relatively primitive in structure. dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight. supratentorial region AAO:0010479 BAMS:CB BAMS:CH BAMS:IV BAMS:Tel BM:Tel BTO:0000239 CALOHA:TS-1018 DHBA:10158 EFO:0000912 EHDAA2:0001982 EMAPA:16652 EMAPA:16910 EV:0100165 FMA:62000 GAID:621 HBA:4007 MA:0000183 MAT:0000421 MBA:567 MESH:D013687 MIAA:0000421 PBA:128011350 TAO:0000079 UMLS:C0039452 VHOG:0000283 XAO:0000012 ZFA:0000079 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31 cerebrum endbrain uberon UBERON:0001893 telencephalon UBERON:0001893 Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[NIFSTD:birnlex_965]. The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] epencephalon BAMS:Met BTO:0000673 CALOHA:TS-2029 DHBA:10655 EHDAA2:0001149 EHDAA:5498 EMAPA:17071 FMA:62003 GAID:594 HBA:4833 MA:0000197 MESH:D020540 UMLS:C0376353 UMLS:C1516904 VHOG:0000741 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=543 epencephalon-2 uberon UBERON:0001895 the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. metencephalon UBERON:0001895 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] bulb medulla AAO:0010486 BAMS:MY BAMS:Md BM:Me BTO:0000041 CALOHA:TS-0607 DMBA:17352 EFO:0000924 EHDAA2:0001088 EHDAA:7588 EMAPA:17550 EV:0100275 FMA:62004 GAID:590 MA:0000206 MAT:0000111 MAT:0000367 MBA:354 MESH:D008526 MIAA:0000111 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000545 UMLS:C0025148 UMLS:C1269575 VHOG:0000181 XAO:0003100 ZFA:0000545 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 bulbus uberon medulla oblonzata metepencephalon UBERON:0001896 medulla oblongata UBERON:0001896 Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN10:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] MTg tegmentum BAMS:MTg BTO:0003388 DHBA:12195 EFO:0000921 EHDAA2:0004475 EMAPA:18215 FMA:62393 HBA:9002 MA:0000212 MAT:0000452 TAO:0000160 UMLS:C0039441 VHOG:0001367 XAO:0004271 ZFA:0000160 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 tegmentum mesencephali tegmentum of midbrain uberon mesencephalic tegmentum tegmentum mesencephalicum UBERON:0001943 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN10:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum midbrain tegmentum UBERON:0001943 The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma portion of plasma BTO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-0800 EFO:0001905 EMAPA:35690 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:D010949 MIAA:0000052 OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw UMLS:C0032105 blood plasm portion of blood plasma uberon UBERON:0001969 blood plasma UBERON:0001969 vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine bile salts function to emulsify dietary fats and facilitate their intestinal absorption elimination of cholesterol major excretory route for potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances many hormones and pheromones are excreted in bile, and contribute to growth and development of the intestine in some species and provide attractants for the weaning of non-human vertebrates protects the organism from enteric infections by excreting immune globulin A (IgA), inflammatory cytokines, and stimulating the innate immune system in the intestine BTO:0000121 CALOHA:TS-1172 ENVO:02000023 FMA:62971 GAID:1157 MA:0002513 MESH:D001646 UMLS:C0005388 galen:Bile uberon fel gall UBERON:0001970 bile UBERON:0001970 One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] BTO:0002626 EMAPA:35917 FMA:63130 MA:0000071 MESH:A07.231.432.952 TAO:0005315 UMLS:C0042520 VHOG:0001765 ZFA:0005315 uberon venula UBERON:0001979 venule UBERON:0001979 The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] AAO:0010253 BTO:0001997 EMAPA:35146 FMA:63182 MA:0000063 MESH:D001160 TAO:0002138 UMLS:C0003847 VHOG:0001763 ZFA:0005255 uberon arteriola UBERON:0001980 arteriole UBERON:0001980 A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX vascular element AAO:0011004 AEO:0000207 BTO:0001102 CALOHA:TS-0080 EFO:0000817 EHDAA2:0003252 EHDAA:240 EMAPA:32743 EMAPA:35993 FMA:50722 FMA:63183 GAID:169 MA:0000060 MAT:0000393 MESH:D001808 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002137 UMLS:C0005847 VHOG:0001250 XAO:0001011 ZFA:0005314 region of vascular tree organ vascular tree organ region uberon vas sanguineum UBERON:0001981 blood vessel UBERON:0001981 Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs AAO:0010252 BTO:0002045 CALOHA:TS-2006 EFO:0001906 EMAPA:35198 EV:0100035 FMA:63194 MA:0000065 MESH:A07.231.432.410 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005250 UMLS:C0935624 VHOG:0001253 XAO:0000116 ZFA:0005250 blood capillary capillary vessel uberon UBERON:0001982 capillary UBERON:0001982 A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 CALOHA:TS-0814 EHDAA2:0001485 EHDAA:6510 EMAPA:17349 FMA:66645 GAID:540 MA:0002198 MESH:D011169 OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0032718 VHOG:0000656 XAO:0000392 galen:PortalVein portal venous tree organ part uberon UBERON:0002017 portal vein UBERON:0002017 A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] AEO:0001012 EHDAA2:0003136 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 FMA:67242 HBA:4006 MA:0001112 OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002197 UMLS:C0018220 VHOG:0001768 ZFA:0001681 gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance neuronal grey matter substantia grisea uberon gray mater grisea UBERON:0002020 gray matter UBERON:0002020 The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] rhombencephalic in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps AAO:0010150 BAMS:HB BTO:0000672 CALOHA:TS-0457 DHBA:10653 DMBA:16808 EFO:0000923 EHDAA2:0000746 EHDAA:3514 EHDAA:6487 EMAPA:16916 FMA:67687 MA:0000195 MAT:0000107 MBA:1065 MESH:D012249 MIAA:0000107 TAO:0000029 UMLS:C0035507 UMLS:C1522180 VHOG:0000070 XAO:0000015 ZFA:0000029 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 uberon rhombencephalon UBERON:0002028 hindbrain UBERON:0002028 Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] AAO:0010762 AEO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-2047 EHDAA2:0003140 EMAPA:36390 FMA:67905 MA:0002438 OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1331262 WBbt:0005779 galen:StriatedMuscle striated muscle uberon UBERON:0002036 striated muscle tissue UBERON:0002036 Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] cerebellar The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full] almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem infratentorial region AAO:0010485 BAMS:CB BAMS:Cb BM:CB BTO:0000232 CALOHA:TS-0125 DHBA:10656 EFO:0000327 EHDAA2:0000232 EMAPA:17787 EV:0100293 FMA:67944 GAID:595 HBA:4696 MA:0000198 MAT:0000110 MBA:512 MESH:D002531 MIAA:0000110 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl1eipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000100 UMLS:C0007765 UMLS:C1268981 VHOG:0000024 XAO:0003098 ZFA:0000100 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=643 epencephalon-1 uberon corpus cerebelli parencephalon UBERON:0002037 cerebellum UBERON:0002037 A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. Either of paired structures located in the throat which develop from the ventral wall of the pharynx and excretes hormones involved in the morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis as well as influencing other tissues.[AAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG] In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine) In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species AAO:0010544 BTO:0001379 CALOHA:TS-1047 EFO:0000861 EHDAA2:0002028 EHDAA:2148 EHDAA:2975 EMAPA:17068 EV:0100133 FMA:9603 GAID:465 MA:0000129 MAT:0000081 MESH:D013961 MIAA:0000081 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0040132 VHOG:0000418 XAO:0000162 galen:ThyroidGland thyroid uberon glandula thyroidea UBERON:0002046 thyroid gland UBERON:0002046 Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus. Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] pulmonary respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 CALOHA:TS-0568 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 FMA:7195 GAID:345 MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:D008168 MIAA:0000135 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0024109 VHOG:0000310 XAO:0000119 galen:Lung pulmo uberon UBERON:0002048 Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] lung UBERON:0002048 An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. see also: vascular system. Consider merging? vascular BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0005249 ZFA:0005249 vascular network uberon UBERON:0002049 vasculature UBERON:0002049 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure AAO:0000138 BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 CALOHA:TS-2110 EFO:0000461 FBbt:00004208 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:D004628 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 TAO:0001105 UMLS:C0013948 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure uberon developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures UBERON:0002050 embryonic structure UBERON:0002050 The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] dermal AAO:0000128 BTO:0000294 CALOHA:TS-2076 EFO:0000953 EMAPA:17527 EV:0100154 FMA:70323 GAID:1321 MA:0000152 MAT:0000153 MESH:D020405 MIAA:0000153 TAO:0001119 UMLS:C0011646 VHOG:0000108 XAO:0000217 ZFA:0001119 vertebrate dermis uberon corium cutis UBERON:0002067 dermis UBERON:0002067 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. hypodermal subcutaneous subcutaneus BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. BTO:0001314 CALOHA:TS-2366 FMA:70544 TAO:0001136 UMLS:C0278403 ZFA:0001136 hypoderm vertebrate hypodermis uberon sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous tissue subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea UBERON:0002072 hypodermis UBERON:0002072 An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. AAO:0010386 BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:D014781 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 UMLS:C0042779 XAO:0003034 visceral organ visceral organ system uberon Organsystem@ge splanchnic tissue viscera visceral tissue UBERON:0002075 viscus UBERON:0002075 The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] axial skeleton AAO:0000034 EFO:0000942 EHDAA2:0000161 EHDAA:5049 EMAPA:17214 FMA:71221 MA:0002986 MAT:0000148 MIAA:0000148 TAO:0000317 VHOG:0000317 VSAO:0000093 XAO:0003073 ZFA:0000317 post-cranial axial skeleton uberon UBERON:0002090 previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. postcranial axial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton UBERON:0002090 Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. AAO:0000747 EFO:0000951 EMAPA:32729 FMA:71222 MA:0000290 MAT:0000278 MIAA:0000278 UMLS:C0222646 VHOG:0001666 VSAO:0000076 XAO:0003166 appendicular skeleton entire appendicular skeleton paired fin skeleton uberon skeleton appendiculare UBERON:0002091 appendicular skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton UBERON:0002091 The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin BTO:0001253 CALOHA:TS-0934 EFO:0000962 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 FMA:7163 MESH:D012867 MFMO:0000099 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1123023 XAO:0000023 galen:Skin entire skin skin organ uberon entire integument integument integumental organ pelt skin UBERON:0002097 skin of body UBERON:0002097 Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] AAO:0010339 BILA:0000116 BTO:0001493 CALOHA:TS-1071 EFO:0000966 EMAPA:31857 FMA:7181 MA:0000004 MAT:0000296 MIAA:0000296 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001115 UMLS:C0460005 XAO:0000054 XAO:0003025 ZFA:0001115 galen:Trunk thoracolumbar region torso trunk region uberon Rumpf UBERON:0002100 trunk UBERON:0002100 A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.[AAO] Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010336 AEO:0000172 CALOHA:TS-0552 EFO:0000876 EHDAA2:0003172 EHDAA:1697 EHDAA:8273 EMAPA:16405 FMA:24875 GAID:36 MA:0000007 MAT:0000090 MIAA:0000090 OpenCyc:Mx4rvn1uSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0015385 VHOG:0000336 VSAO:0000121 XAO:0003027 galen:Extremity free limb limb sensu vertebrata pentadactyl limb tetrapod limb flipper uberon extremities extremity UBERON:0002101 limb UBERON:0002101 The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] UBERON:0007036 AAO:0000632 BILA:0000140 EMAPA:36003 FMA:7191 MA:0002444 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001127 UMLS:C0587900 XAO:0003198 ZFA:0001127 photosensory system visual organ system uberon UBERON:0002104 visual system UBERON:0002104 Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] AAO:0000631 EMAPA:36002 FMA:78500 TAO:0001138 XAO:0003195 ZFA:0001138 auditory organ system vestibuloauditory system uberon auditory system auditory/vestibular system vestibuloauditory system UBERON:0002105 vestibulo-auditory system UBERON:0002105 An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] hepatic An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003). The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates. secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. AAO:0010111 BTO:0000759 CALOHA:TS-0564 EFO:0000887 EHDAA2:0000997 EHDAA:2197 EMAPA:16846 EV:0100089 FMA:7197 GAID:288 MA:0000358 MAT:0000097 MESH:D008099 MIAA:0000097 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000123 UMLS:C0023884 VHOG:0000257 XAO:0000133 ZFA:0000123 galen:Liver uberon iecur jecur UBERON:0002107 liver UBERON:0002107 Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010397 BTO:0000651 CALOHA:TS-0942 EFO:0000841 EMAPA:32834 EV:0100072 FMA:7200 GAID:313 MA:0000337 MAT:0000047 MESH:A03.492.411.620 MIAA:0000047 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001323 UMLS:C0021852 VHOG:0000055 XAO:0000130 ZFA:0001323 galen:SmallIntestine small bowel small intestine uberon anterior intestine intestinum tenue mid intestine UBERON:0002108 small intestine UBERON:0002108 An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010114 BTO:0000493 CALOHA:TS-0394 EFO:0000853 EHDAA2:0000699 EHDAA:8062 EMAPA:17202 EV:0100090 FMA:7202 MA:0000356 MAT:0000072 MESH:D005704 MIAA:0000072 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000208 UMLS:C0016976 VHOG:0000221 XAO:0000135 ZFA:0000208 galen:Gallbladder gall bladder gallbladder uberon vesica biliaris vesica fellea UBERON:0002110 Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) gall bladder UBERON:0002110 A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO] renal AAO:0000250 BTO:0000671 CALOHA:TS-0510 EFO:0000929 EMAPA:17373 EV:0100096 FMA:7203 GAID:423 MA:0000368 MAT:0000119 MESH:D007668 MIAA:0000119 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0022646 XAO:0003267 galen:Kidney reniculate kidney uberon UBERON:0002113 kidney UBERON:0002113 The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] duodenal In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. AAO:0010402 BTO:0000365 CALOHA:TS-0214 EFO:0000851 EMAPA:18852 EV:0100073 FMA:7206 GAID:284 MA:0000338 MAT:0000044 MESH:A03.492.411.620.270 MIAA:0000044 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0013303 VHOG:0000052 XAO:0000236 galen:Duodenum uberon proximal intestine upper intestine UBERON:0002114 duodenum UBERON:0002114 In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the anterior region of the nephric ridge; forms only as a transient embryonic structure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.748][VHOG] Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.[AAO] The embryonic kidney, present at the level of the third somite, is composed of two glomeruli fused at the midline, two pronephric tubules, and paired bilateral pronephric ducts that modify the composition of the blood filtrate before delivering it to the cloaca for excretion.Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG] pronephric UBERON:0005794 AAO:0011089 BTO:0001541 EFO:0000927 EHDAA2:0001570 EHDAA:1017 EMAPA:16579 FMA:72170 MAT:0000117 MIAA:0000117 TAO:0000151 UMLS:C0231048 VHOG:0000037 XAO:0002000 ZFA:0000151 pronephric kidney uberon archinephron embryonic kidney pronephron UBERON:0002120 Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 pronephros UBERON:0002120 Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 MA:0000426 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0225706 VHOG:0000301 uberon UBERON:0002167 right lung UBERON:0002167 Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern EHDAA2:0000943 EHDAA:4947 EMAPA:17653 FMA:7310 MA:0000425 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0225730 VHOG:0000618 uberon UBERON:0002168 left lung UBERON:0002168 the upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] bronchial In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue BTO:0001340 CALOHA:TS-1229 EFO:0000932 EMAPA:32689 EV:0100041 FMA:7409 GAID:346 MA:0000436 MAT:0000133 MESH:D001980 MIAA:0000133 UMLS:C0006255 VHOG:0000262 XAO:0000121 bronchi bronchial trunk uberon bronchial tissue UBERON:0002185 bronchus UBERON:0002185 Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. CALOHA:TS-2018 EHDAA2:0004615 EMAPA:18765 FMA:74562 MA:0000013 hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex uberon haemolymphoid system UBERON:0002193 hemolymphoid system UBERON:0002193 The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] integumental integumentary AAO:0000239 BTO:0000634 FMA:74657 TAO:0000368 VSAO:0000029 ZFA:0000368 galen:Integument dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis integumentum commune skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis the integument uberon Hautsystem@de dermal system dermoid system skin tegument vertebrate integument UBERON:0002199 integument UBERON:0002199 A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:74712 TAO:0005024 ZFA:0005024 torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso uberon UBERON:0002201 vasculature of trunk UBERON:0002201 Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] musculoskeletal AAO:0010546 CALOHA:TS-1311 EMAPA:32714 EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:D009141 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g UMLS:C0026860 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system uberon UBERON:0002204 musculoskeletal system UBERON:0002204 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 MA:0000322 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005153 ZFA:0005153 galen:SynovialJoint articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint uberon diarthrodial joints UBERON:0002217 synovial joint UBERON:0002217 The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities EMAPA:36497 FMA:7565 GAID:93 MA:0000032 MESH:A01.911.800 OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0230139 cavitas thoracis cavity of chest cavity of thorax chest cavity pectoral cavity space of thoracic compartment thoracic lumen uberon UBERON:0002224 thoracic cavity UBERON:0002224 Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO) TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010151 BAMS:SP BAMS:Spinal BM:SpC BTO:0001279 CALOHA:TS-0953 DHBA:12890 DMBA:17651 EFO:0000110 EHDAA2:0001255 EHDAA:2863 EMAPA:17577 EV:0100316 FMA:7647 GAID:695 MA:0000216 MAT:0000183 MESH:D013116 MIAA:0000183 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000075 UMLS:C0037925 VHOG:0000601 XAO:0000020 ZFA:0000075 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22 uberon SpC cerebro-cerebellar fissure cerebrocerebellar fissure fissura cerebro-cerebellaris fissura cerebrocerebellaris medulla spinalis spinal cord structure spinal medulla UBERON:0002240 spinal cord UBERON:0002240 An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ. An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint AAO:0010180 BTO:0001772 FBbt:00005158 FMA:77659 VHOG:0000287 XAO:0000273 olfactory organ olfactory sense organ olfactory sensory organ main olfactory organ primary olfactory organ uberon olfactory neuroepithelium organ olfactus organum olfactorium UBERON:0002268 olfactory organ UBERON:0002268 Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). FMA:79646 GAID:279 MA:0001273 MESH:D001659 biliary apparatus uberon biliary tract UBERON:0002294 biliary system UBERON:0002294 Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] BAMS:BS BTO:0000146 CALOHA:TS-0093 EFO:0001962 EMAPA:32678 EV:0100241 FMA:79876 MA:0000169 MBA:343 MESH:D001933 TAO:0002156 UMLS:C0006121 VHOG:0001457 ZFA:0001707 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=236 brain stem truncus encephali uberon accessory medullary lamina of pallidum lamella pallidi incompleta lamina medullaris accessoria lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi lamina pallidi incompleta truncus encephalicus UBERON:0002298 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN10:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). brainstem UBERON:0002298 The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities UBERON:0000169 body cavity AEO:0000186 BTO:0001707 EHDAA2:0000267 FBbt:00005060 FMA:85006 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 TAO:0001438 UMLS:C0333343 ZFA:0001438 galen:BodyCavity coelomic cavity coelomic cavity lumen main body cavity space of body compartment ventral body cavity uberon celom coelom coelome hemocoel UBERON:0002323 coelemic cavity lumen UBERON:0002323 A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] notochordal In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. AAO:0000327 BTO:0001768 CALOHA:TS-0690 EHDAA2:0001277 EHDAA:1241 EHDAA:6021 EMAPA:16191 EV:0100002 FMA:85521 GAID:1311 MAT:0000281 MESH:A16.254.610 TAO:0000135 UMLS:C0028439 VHOG:0000199 VSAO:0000032 XAO:0000055 ZFA:0000135 embryonic notocord notocord uberon notochorda UBERON:0002328 The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] notochord UBERON:0002328 Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] somitic mesodermal cluster AAO:0010569 AEO:0001015 BTO:0001558 EHDAA2:0003436 EHDAA:366 EHDAA:699 EMAPA:31169 FMA:85522 GAID:1306 MAT:0000068 MESH:A16.254.425.660.750 MIAA:0000068 TAO:0000155 UMLS:C0376449 VHOG:0000191 XAO:0000058 ZFA:0000155 uberon epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite somites somitic mesoderm somitus UBERON:0002329 When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] somite UBERON:0002329 Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. CALOHA:TS-2057 EHDAA2:0002225 EMAPA:35329 FMA:85539 MA:0002411 UMLS:C1516995 WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system exocrine glandular system uberon UBERON:0002330 exocrine system UBERON:0002330 A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010578 BTO:0001764 CALOHA:TS-0676 EHDAA2:0004419 EMAPA:32737 FMA:86666 GAID:1310 MAT:0000066 MESH:A16.254.600 MIAA:0000066 TAO:0000045 UMLS:C0027789 VHOG:0000057 XAO:0000048 ZFA:0000045 NC uberon crista neuralis neural crest material UBERON:0002342 Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. neural crest UBERON:0002342 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] neurectodermal we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here AAO:0011074 BILA:0000039 CALOHA:TS-1212 EHDAA2:0001248 EHDAA:1498 EHDAA:255 EMAPA:16073 EV:0100004 FBbt:00001061 FMA:87657 MAT:0000176 MIAA:0000176 TAO:0001120 UMLS:C1518271 VHOG:0000150 XAO:0000042 ZFA:0001120 neural ectoderm neuroectoderm uberon epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm presumptive central nervous system ventral neurogenic region UBERON:0002346 neurectoderm UBERON:0002346 the middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] myocardial AAO:0010410 BSA:0000089 BTO:0000901 CALOHA:TS-0440 EFO:0000819 EHDAA2:0004150 EMAPA:32688 EV:0100022 FMA:9462 GAID:173 MA:0000164 MAT:0000453 MESH:D009206 OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 TAO:0001319 UMLS:C0027061 VHOG:0000083 XAO:0000065 ZFA:0001319 galen:Myocardium heart myocardium muscle of heart uberon cardiac muscle heart muscle UBERON:0002349 myocardium UBERON:0002349 The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO] EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] EFO:0003909 EHDAA2:0004185 EMAPA:35428 EV:0100025 FMA:9476 MA:0000094 MESH:D006329 TAO:0005063 VHOG:0001271 ZFA:0005063 cardiac conducting system cardiac conduction system cardiac impulse conducting system cardionector complexus stimulans cordis heart conduction system impulse conducting system systema conducente cordis uberon central conduction system UBERON:0002350 conducting system of heart UBERON:0002350 The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. pelvic MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs BTO:0001006 CALOHA:TS-2227 EFO:0002805 EMAPA:35931 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA:0000030 MESH:A01.673 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0030797 galen:Pelvis lesser pelvis pelvic region pelvis pelvis region true pelvis uberon UBERON:0002355 pelvic region of trunk UBERON:0002355 A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 UMLS:C0015282 ducted gland glandula exocrina uberon UBERON:0002365 exocrine gland UBERON:0002365 Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. AEO:0000098 BTO:0001488 CALOHA:TS-1300 EHDAA2:0003098 EMAPA:35999 FMA:9602 GAID:335 MA:0002563 MESH:D004702 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0014133 ductless gland glandula endocrina uberon ductless gland glandulae endocrinae UBERON:0002368 endocrine gland UBERON:0002368 the soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] AAO:0011007 BTO:0000141 BTO:0000829 CALOHA:TS-0087 EFO:0000868 EMAPA:32760 EV:0100046 FMA:9608 GAID:1287 MA:0000134 MAT:0000084 MESH:D001853 MIAA:0000084 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0005953 VHOG:0001218 XAO:0000123 galen:BoneMarrow medulla ossea medulla ossium uberon medulla of bone UBERON:0002371 bone marrow UBERON:0002371 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] MA also has set of connective tissues AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001641 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus uberon Bindegewebe UBERON:0002384 connective tissue UBERON:0002384 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 UMLS:C2328219 galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis uberon UBERON:0002385 Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. muscle tissue UBERON:0002385 Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] hematopoietic In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes AAO:0011002 BTO:0000570 CALOHA:TS-0449 EFO:0000798 EMAPA:35402 EV:0100045 FMA:9667 GAID:1008 MA:0002434 MAT:0000022 MESH:D006413 MIAA:0000022 TAO:0005023 UMLS:C0018957 VHOG:0001624 XAO:0000122 ZFA:0005023 haematological system haemopoietic system organa haemopoietica uberon Blutbildungssystem haematopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hemopoietic system UBERON:0002390 hematopoietic system UBERON:0002390 Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA AAO:0011019 BTO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0075 EHDAA2:0000741 EMAPA:35171 EV:0100091 FMA:9706 GAID:280 MA:0000354 MESH:D001652 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001100 UMLS:C0005400 VHOG:0000212 XAO:0000134 ZFA:0001100 uberon bile tube biliary duct gall duct hepatic duct UBERON:0002394 bile duct UBERON:0002394 Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011003 BILA:0000104 FMA:9825 GAID:328 MA:0002711 MESH:D007107 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001159 UMLS:C0020962 VHOG:0001247 XAO:0003152 ZFA:0001159 uberon UBERON:0002405 immune system UBERON:0002405 Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0007029 AEO:0000154 BILA:0000118 CALOHA:TS-1299 CARO:0002001 EFO:0000807 EHDAA2:0000836 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 EHDAA:6520 EMAPA:17524 EV:0100151 FBbt:00004969 FMA:72979 HAO:0000421 MA:0000014 MAT:0000033 MESH:D034582 MIAA:0000033 TADS:0000108 UMLS:C0037267 VHOG:0000403 XAO:0000176 galen:Surface integumentary system uberon body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface UBERON:0002416 integumental system UBERON:0002416 The abdominal segment of the torso. EMAPA:35104 FMA:259211 MA:0000021 uberon abdomen/pelvis/perineum lower body lower trunk lumbar region UBERON:0002417 abdominal segment of trunk UBERON:0002417 Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000060 AEO:0000087 BTO:0000206 EFO:0000949 EHDAA2:0003087 EMAPA:32730 EV:0100141 FMA:37377 GAID:99 MA:0000104 MAT:0000189 MESH:D002356 MIAA:0000189 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001501 UMLS:C0007301 VHOG:0001207 VSAO:0000040 XAO:0000170 ZFA:0005622 galen:Cartilage cartilage tissue cartilaginous tissue chondrogenic tissue uberon cartilage cartilages portion of cartilage tissue UBERON:0002418 Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] cartilage tissue UBERON:0002418 The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct [GO:0061008] AAO:0011056 CALOHA:TS-1308 EFO:0000800 EHDAA2:0000998 EHDAA:2189 EMAPA:16840 EV:0100088 MA:0000324 MAT:0000024 MIAA:0000024 TAO:0000036 UMLS:C1711359 VHOG:0000294 XAO:0000132 ZFA:0000036 hepaticobiliary system liver and biliary system uberon liver/biliary system UBERON:0002423 hepatobiliary system UBERON:0002423 A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle EFO:0000945 MAT:0000151 MIAA:0000151 UMLS:C0582791 bone of extremity bone of limb free limb bone uberon UBERON:0002428 limb bone UBERON:0002428 Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton. autopod BTO:0004359 EFO:0000877 EMAPA:32722 FMA:83015 MA:0002714 MAT:0000091 MIAA:0000091 UMLS:C0687080 autopodial limb segment autopodial segment autopodium autopodium region distal free limb segment distal segment of free limb uberon autopodial element distal segment of limb manus/pes paw paw/hand/foot/hoof pod UBERON:0002470 autopod region UBERON:0002470 The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus). zeugopodial middle part of limb EFO:0000878 FMA:83016 MA:0002716 MAT:0000092 MIAA:0000092 epipodium middle free limb segment middle limb segment zeugopod limb segment zeugopodial limb segment zeugopodium zygopod zygopodium uberon middle segment of free limb UBERON:0002471 There exists some controversy about which podial segments are present in some fishes, e.g. if the autopod is not newly evolved in tetrapods, there is a question as to which segments are actually present in basal vertebrate taxa.[PHENOSCAPE:curators] zeugopod UBERON:0002471 The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton. stylopodial Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group proximal part of limb EFO:0000879 FMA:83014 MA:0002717 MAT:0000093 MIAA:0000093 propodium proximal free limb segment stylopodial limb segment stylopodium uberon proximal segment of free limb UBERON:0002472 stylopod UBERON:0002472 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] CALOHA:TS-2011 EMAPA:35179 FMA:224804 MA:0002780 MESH:D001842 UMLS:C0391978 VSAO:0000047 XAO:0004040 ZFA:0005621 galen:BoneTissue calcium tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue mineralized bone tissue uberon bone portion of bone tissue UBERON:0002481 bone tissue UBERON:0002481 Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO:wd]. BTO:0004256 EMAPA:35503 FMA:7474 MA:0002802 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0222647 galen:LongBone uberon os longum UBERON:0002495 Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251] long bone UBERON:0002495 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. placement in this class to be inferred Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral AAO:0010776 AEO:0000083 BTO:0002157 EHDAA2:0003083 FMA:24321 TAO:0001591 VSAO:0000145 XAO:0004018 ZFA:0001591 ossified chondrogenic bone uberon cartilaginous bone endochondral bones UBERON:0002513 endochondral bone https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern UBERON:0002513 A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. TODO - align this with the CARO2 class 'appendage segment'; note the FMA class does not appear to require repetition FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z FMA:241863 MA:0002889 UMLS:C1268195 free limb segment segment of limb subdivision of limb uberon extremity part limb region region of limb UBERON:0002529 limb segment UBERON:0002529 an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ glandular UBERON:MIAA_0000021 AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EHDAA:4475 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:18425 FBbt:00100317 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1285092 WikipediaCategory:Glands galen:Gland glandular organ uberon Druese glandula UBERON:0002530 gland UBERON:0002530 An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. Embryonic surface structure that develops into a paired fin.[ZFA] EFO:0003468 MAT:0000062 MIAA:0000062 TAO:0001383 VSAO:0000179 ZFA:0001383 fin bud fin buds uberon UBERON:0002531 paired fin bud UBERON:0002531 In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0004593 FMA:296704 MAT:0000067 MIAA:0000067 VHOG:0000243 epiblast uberon blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm UBERON:0002532 epiblast (generic) UBERON:0002532 Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. TAO:0002278 VSAO:0000111 ZFA:0005596 artioptérygie@fr nageoire paire@fr pelvic/pectoral fin uberon UBERON:0002534 paired fin UBERON:0002534 One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering AAO:0010359 BTO:0001785 EFO:0000959 EHDAA:571 EMAPA:16117 FMA:293015 GAID:1292 MAT:0000242 MESH:A16.254.160 MIAA:0000242 TAO:0001306 UMLS:C0080322 VHOG:0000155 XAO:0000096 ZFA:0001306 pharyngeal arches branchial arch uberon arcus pharyngei visceral arch UBERON:0002539 pharyngeal arch UBERON:0002539 A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). this class represents the entire organism subdivision encompassing soft tissue as well as the underlying skeletal framework. The class represents the phalangeal part only - historically the term 'digit' has also been used to represent the unit consisting of a series of phalanges together with a metapodial bone. We may in future relabel this class to avoid confusion with this concept, but the class will continue to represent the phalangeal portion Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG] digital AAO:0011126 EFO:0000881 EMAPA:32725 FMA:85518 MA:0000690 MAT:0000285 MIAA:0000285 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzLD_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0582802 VHOG:0000944 XAO:0003032 galen:Digit acropodial unit digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue limb digit uberon UBERON:0002544 digit UBERON:0002544 Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge. Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. placode AAO:0010466 EFO:0001650 MAT:0000369 MIAA:0000369 XAO:0000305 uberon cranial placodes UBERON:0002546 cranial placode UBERON:0002546 Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity FMA:67552 MA:0002447 galen:Cavity uberon UBERON:0002553 anatomical cavity UBERON:0002553 Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. FMA:55676 UMLS:C0445620 anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain uberon UBERON:0002616 regional part of brain UBERON:0002616 A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011076 EFO:0003420 EHDAA2:0001232 EHDAA:1504 EMAPA:16543 FMA:293971 TAO:0000048 VHOG:0000186 XAO:0000005 ZFA:0000048 olfactory placodes placoda nasalis placoda olfactoria uberon nasal I placode nasal placode UBERON:0003050 Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic olfactory placode UBERON:0003050 The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011064 DMBA:16810 EHDAA2:0004395 EHDAA:5789 EMAPA:32857 TAO:0000042 VHOG:0000649 XAO:0000016 ZFA:0000042 MHB mid-hindbrain boundary mid-hindbrain junction midbrain hindbrain boundary uberon isthmic organizer territory isthmo-cerebellar region isthmus isthmus/MHB UBERON:0003052 midbrain-hindbrain boundary UBERON:0003052 A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP] In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) EHDAA2:0001846 EHDAA:6538 FMA:295662 TAO:0001185 UMLS:C1518973 VHOG:0001680 XAO:0000029 ZFA:0001185 skin periderm uberon EVL epidermis epithelial layer epidermis outer layer epitrichium periderm UBERON:0003055 periderm UBERON:0003055 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011084 TAO:0007016 VHOG:0001200 XAO:0000045 ZFA:0007016 uberon anterior neural plate UBERON:0003056 pre-chordal neural plate UBERON:0003056 The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0007017 VHOG:0001201 XAO:0000046 ZFA:0007017 uberon posterior neural plate UBERON:0003057 chordal neural plate UBERON:0003057 Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011086 EFO:0001982 EMAPA:16189 EMAPA:16752 TAO:0000279 VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 ZFA:0000279 segmental plate unsegmented paraxial mesoderm uberon PSM presumptive somite mesoderm somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm unsegmented mesenchyme UBERON:0003059 presomitic mesoderm UBERON:0003059 In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. Duct of the embryonic kidney, present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the anal region where it empties separately from, and just posterior to the anus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011088 TAO:0000150 UMLS:C1283945 VHOG:0000082 XAO:0000063 ZFA:0000150 uberon archinephric duct ductus pronephricus pronephric ducts UBERON:0003060 The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney[GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150] pronephric duct UBERON:0003060 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac ventral lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011006 EFO:0003489 EHDAA:207 TAO:0000094 TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 UMLS:C1511224 VHOG:0000085 XAO:0000067 ZFA:0000094 blood islands uberon VBI caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island ventral blood island UBERON:0003061 blood island UBERON:0003061 The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). AAO:0010575 EMAPA:16056 EMAPA:16178 FMA:293147 TAO:0001206 UMLS:C1284010 VHOG:0000087 XAO:0000085 ZFA:0001206 uberon IM intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium UBERON:0003064 intermediate mesoderm UBERON:0003064 The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements. The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] in XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2 2 AAO:0010363 EHDAA2:0000050 EHDAA:611 EMAPA:16272 FMA:293017 TAO:0001596 VHOG:0000297 XAO:0000098 ZFA:0001611 2nd pharyngeal arch arcus pharyngeus secundus branchial arch 2 hyoid arch pharyngeal arch 2 second branchial arch second pharyngeal arch second visceral arch visceral arch 2 uberon 2nd arch 2nd visceral arch hyoid bars pharyngeal arches 2 UBERON:0003066 pharyngeal arch 2 UBERON:0003066 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 VHOG:0000107 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 uberon chordamesoderm UBERON:0003068 axial mesoderm UBERON:0003068 Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. Consider adding subclasses for male and female specific variants TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct Anatomical structure consisting of either of a pair of longitudinal ducts which carry urine and in males, sperm, to the cloaca.[AAO] The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG] In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts. AAO:0000637 EHDAA2:0001243 EHDAA:1590 EMAPA:16577 GAID:1315 MESH:A16.254.940 TAO:0000546 UMLS:C0043204 VHOG:0000082 XAO:0000242 ZFA:0000546 Wolffian duct uberon Leydig's duct archinephric duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi renal duct UBERON:0003074 mesonephric duct UBERON:0003074 A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011072 BTO:0001765 DHBA:10153 DMBA:15565 EHDAA:346 EHDAA:902 EMAPA:35593 FMA:293879 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 TAO:0000132 UMLS:C0920623 VHOG:0000068 XAO:0000249 ZFA:0000132 uberon lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system UBERON:0003075 neural plate UBERON:0003075 (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011082 TAO:0007037 VHOG:0001383 XAO:0000250 ZFA:0007037 uberon UBERON:0003076 posterior neural tube UBERON:0003076 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) AAO:0010568 EFO:0003515 EMAPA:16183 EMAPA:16751 FMA:293145 TAO:0000255 UMLS:C1284009 VHOG:0000114 XAO:0000259 ZFA:0000255 paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm uberon mesoderma paraxiale UBERON:0003077 paraxial mesoderm UBERON:0003077 TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011012 TAO:0007038 VHOG:0001384 XAO:0000307 ZFA:0007038 uberon UBERON:0003080 anterior neural tube UBERON:0003080 Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. UBERON:0006258 AAO:0010574 EHDAA2:0000919 EHDAA:379 EMAPA:16179 FMA:293149 TAO:0000121 UMLS:C1517749 VHOG:0000118 XAO:0000311 ZFA:0000121 LPM lateral mesoderm uberon lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis UBERON:0003081 lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0003081 A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. The term 'myotome' is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere. Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011067 AEO:0001018 BTO:0000742 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431 EHDAA:1721 EHDAA:1727 EHDAA:1733 EHDAA:1739 EMAPA:32841 FMA:295658 TAO:0001056 UMLS:C1513802 VHOG:0001244 XAO:0000315 ZFA:0001056 myomeres uberon muscle plate myomere myotome region myotomes myotomus UBERON:0003082 myotome UBERON:0003082 Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. should probably be merged with heart rudiment. Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] AAO:0011044 BTO:0001887 TAO:0000028 UMLS:C1514450 XAO:0000336 ZFA:0000028 uberon cardiac field fused heart primordium UBERON:0003084 heart primordium UBERON:0003084 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] part_of somite in XAO AAO:0010571 AEO:0000212 EHDAA2:0003439 EMAPA:31159 FMA:295652 TAO:0001080 UMLS:C0183176 VHOG:0000680 XAO:0000397 ZFA:0001080 sclerotomes uberon sclerotomus UBERON:0003089 sclerotome UBERON:0003089 The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. Portion of tissue part of the pharyngeal endoderm that is fated to become thyroid follicle[ZFIN:curator]. In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm AAO:0011106 BTO:0004709 EHDAA2:0002033 EHDAA:952 EMAPA:16361 TAO:0001081 UMLS:C1519512 XAO:0000444 ZFA:0001081 uberon thyroid primordia UBERON:0003091 thyroid primordium UBERON:0003091 neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010580 EFO:0003645 EHDAA2:0004420 EMAPA:16091 TAO:0001194 VHOG:0000063 XAO:0001001 ZFA:0001194 CNC cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population head NCC population uberon crista neuralis cranialis head crest head neural crest UBERON:0003099 cranial neural crest UBERON:0003099 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. AAO:0010030 BILA:0000028 CARO:0000028 FBbt:00007011 FMA:67812 HAO:0000028 TAO:0000303 TGMA:0001839 XAO:0003005 ZFA:0000303 female human body uberon female UBERON:0003100 female organism UBERON:0003100 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. AAO:0010033 BILA:0000027 CARO:0000027 FBbt:00007004 FMA:67811 HAO:0000027 TAO:0000242 TGMA:0001838 WBbt:0007850 XAO:0003006 ZFA:0000242 male human body uberon male UBERON:0003101 male organism UBERON:0003101 Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 TAO:0000292 VSAO:0000001 XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 galen:SurfaceRegion anatomical surface feature uberon surface feature surface region surface structures UBERON:0003102 surface structure UBERON:0003102 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 uberon organ UBERON:0003103 compound organ UBERON:0003103 Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] mesenchymal AAO:0010427 AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 CALOHA:TS-0620 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 TAO:0000393 UMLS:C0162415 VHOG:0000170 XAO:0003046 ZFA:0000393 mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue uberon mesenchyma UBERON:0003104 mesenchyme UBERON:0003104 The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3 3 AAO:0010365 EHDAA2:0000069 EHDAA:1080 EMAPA:16399 FMA:293029 TAO:0001598 VHOG:0000298 XAO:0000447 ZFA:0001606 3rd pharyngeal arch first gill arch gill arch 1 third pharyngeal arch third visceral arch visceral arch 3 uberon 3rd arch 3rd visceral arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch UBERON:0003114 pharyngeal arch 3 UBERON:0003114 The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] tracheal In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx. in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. AAO:0010140 BTO:0001388 CALOHA:TS-1060 EFO:0000935 EHDAA2:0002066 EHDAA:3078 EMAPA:16853 EV:0100040 FMA:7394 GAID:361 MA:0000441 MAT:0000137 MESH:D014132 MIAA:0000137 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0040578 VHOG:0000371 XAO:0000118 cartilaginous trachea vertebrate trachea windpipe uberon tracheal tubule UBERON:0003126 trachea UBERON:0003126 An organ involved in reproduction GO uses genitalia for the singular organ EMAPA:17381 MA:0001752 MESH:D005835 OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000591 UMLS:C0017420 WBbt:0008422 genital organ reproductive system organ sex organ uberon genitalia UBERON:0003133 reproductive organ UBERON:0003133 one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO] A mass of intermediate mesodermal cells around the distal end of the ureteric bud that gives rise to nephrons in the metanephric kidney. [TFD][VHOG] When the ureteric buds emerge from the nephric duct, they enter the metanephrogenic mesenchyme. The ureteric buds induce this mesenchymal tissue to condense around them and differentiate into the nephrons of the mammalian kidney. As this mesenchyme differentiates, it tells the ureteric bud to branch and grow.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0004062 EHDAA:4041 EHDAA:5021 EHDAA:5915 EMAPA:17208 EMAPA:17375 EMAPA:29990 VHOG:0000540 metanephric blastema metanephric mesoderm metanephrogenic mesenchyme metanephros associated mesenchyme uberon UBERON:0003220 Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"] metanephric mesenchyme UBERON:0003220 Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. phalangeal In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three CALOHA:TS-2211 EMAPA:32614 FMA:321661 MA:0000304 OpenCyc:Mx4rvolPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0222682 VSAO:0000199 galen:Phalanx digit long bone long bone of digit phalange phalanges phalanx bone uberon UBERON:0003221 phalanx UBERON:0003221 An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. TODO - check EHDAA2:0004568 EHDAA:524 foregut endoderm uberon UBERON:0003258 endoderm of foregut UBERON:0003258 A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000567 EHDAA:950 EMAPA:16557 VHOG:0000650 foregut gland uberon UBERON:0003294 gland of foregut UBERON:0003294 A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 uberon lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae UBERON:0003350 lies on top of lamina propria epithelium of mucosa UBERON:0003350 A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18815 MA:0003202 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland uberon UBERON:0003408 gland of gut UBERON:0003408 A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35397 MA:0002483 blood vessel of heart uberon cardiac blood vessel UBERON:0003498 heart blood vessel UBERON:0003498 A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. EMAPA:35144 MA:0000061 uberon UBERON:0003509 only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. arterial blood vessel UBERON:0003509 A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000511 blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel uberon UBERON:0003513 trunk blood vessel UBERON:0003513 A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35495 MA:0000298 long bone of limb uberon UBERON:0003606 limb long bone UBERON:0003606 Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. EMAPA:36501 FMA:321558 MA:0000691 galen:LimbJoint joint of limb joint of limb skeletal system skeletal limb joint uberon UBERON:0003657 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses limb joint UBERON:0003657 Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. includes all the cystic duct, all the common bile duct and the extrahapetic part of the hepatic duct FMA:14678 GAID:281 MA:0002659 MESH:D017734 UMLS:C0206187 uberon bile duct extrahepatic part extrahepatic biliary system UBERON:0003703 extrahepatic bile duct UBERON:0003703 Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. includes the hepatic duct of the caudate lobe, and the intra- and inter- lobar bile ducts Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] FMA:15766 GAID:287 MA:0001630 MESH:D001653 TAO:0005169 UMLS:C0005401 ZFA:0005169 bile duct intrahepatic part uberon intrahepatic biliary system UBERON:0003704 intrahepatic bile duct UBERON:0003704 Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] FMA definition includes vasculature AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ UMLS:C0027757 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue uberon UBERON:0003714 neural tissue UBERON:0003714 A bone of the metapodial skeleton MA:0000301 metacarpal or metatarsal bone metacarpal/metatarsal metacarpal/metatarsal bone metapodi bone metapodial bone metapodium bone uberon UBERON:0003821 metapodium bone UBERON:0003821 A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000558 blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel uberon upper body blood vessel UBERON:0003834 thoracic segment blood vessel UBERON:0003834 A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35160 MA:0002715 autopod joint of limb autopod limb joint distal free limb segment joint of limb distal free limb segment limb joint joint of limb of autopod joint of limb of distal free limb segment limb joint of autopod limb joint of distal free limb segment uberon paw joint UBERON:0003841 autopod joint UBERON:0003841 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0005713 AAO:0011073 EHDAA2:0001269 EHDAA:2889 EHDAA:914 EMAPA:16167 EMAPA:16533 VHOG:0001119 XAO:0000252 cavity of neural tube lumen of neural tube neural tube neural lumen prosencoel uberon central lumen neural lumen neurocoel UBERON:0003842 neural tube lumen UBERON:0003842 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EFO:0003591 EHDAA2:0001101 EHDAA:360 TAO:0000935 VHOG:0000796 ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest neural crest midbrain uberon UBERON:0003849 mesencephalic neural crest UBERON:0003849 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon. Cranial neural crest that is part of the telencephalon.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EFO:0003574 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001991 TAO:0000812 VHOG:0000799 ZFA:0000812 neural crest telencephalon uberon UBERON:0003850 telencephalon neural crest UBERON:0003850 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001628 EHDAA:362 EMAPA:35747 TAO:0007063 VHOG:0001210 ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest uberon rhombomere neural crest UBERON:0003852 rhombencephalon neural crest UBERON:0003852 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] EHDAA:696 EMAPA:16163 EMAPA:16529 EMAPA:16881 VHOG:0001006 neural crest spinal cord uberon spinal neural crest UBERON:0003853 spinal cord neural crest UBERON:0003853 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. uberon UBERON:0003869 presumptive ganglion UBERON:0003869 An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. uberon body cavity precursor UBERON:0003886 future coelemic cavity lumen UBERON:0003886 The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA:251 EMAPA:16088 UMLS:C1512940 VHOG:0000316 somatic coelom uberon UBERON:0003887 intraembryonic coelom UBERON:0003887 A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ AAO:0011058 BTO:0003391 EFO:0002577 EFO:0003428 EHDAA2:0000744 EHDAA:973 EMAPA:16847 TAO:0000124 UMLS:C0734013 UMLS:C1514451 XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 embryological hepatic plate primordium of the liver uberon hepatic plate liver bud liver endoderm UBERON:0003894 liver primordium UBERON:0003894 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 FBbt:00007474 epithelial or endothelial tube uberon UBERON:0003914 epithelial tube UBERON:0003914 Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. check this mesenchyme of kidney uberon UBERON:0003918 kidney mesenchyme UBERON:0003918 A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart EMAPA:35932 FMA:86188 MA:0000066 segment of venous tree organ venous tree organ segment uberon UBERON:0003920 Compare to: vein venous blood vessel UBERON:0003920 embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud' EFO:0002579 EFO:0003434 EHDAA2:0001382 EHDAA:2163 EMAPA:17066 FMA:79792 TAO:0000254 XAO:0001101 ZFA:0000254 pancreatic primordium uberon pancreatic anlage pancreatic endoderm primordial pancreas UBERON:0003921 pancreas primordium UBERON:0003921 The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. EFO:0003470 EMAPA:35645 TAO:0001390 UMLS:C1283285 ZFA:0001390 pancreatic bud pancreatic buds uberon pancreas epithelium pancreatic anlage UBERON:0003922 pancreatic epithelial bud UBERON:0003922 pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011031 EFO:0003465 EHDAA2:0001385 EMAPA:17067 TAO:0001370 VHOG:0001428 XAO:0000467 ZFA:0001370 pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud pancreas primordium dorsal bud primary pancreatic bud uberon dorsal pancreas anlage dorsal pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic bud UBERON:0003923 dorsal pancreatic bud UBERON:0003923 pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. AAO:0011111 EFO:0003464 EHDAA2:0001389 EMAPA:17256 TAO:0001369 VHOG:0001429 XAO:0001103 ZFA:0001369 pancreas primordium ventral bud pancreas ventral primordium duct bud uberon anterior pancreatic anlage anterior pancreatic bud ventral pancreas anlage ventral pancreatic anlage UBERON:0003924 ventral pancreatic bud UBERON:0003924 A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. TAO:0005162 ZFA:0005162 duct of digestive system duct of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system duct uberon UBERON:0003928 digestive system duct UBERON:0003928 An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 MA:0003201 TAO:0005123 UMLS:C0836205 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium uberon alimentary tract epithelium UBERON:0003929 digestive tract epithelium UBERON:0003929 A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. AAO:0011028 AEO:0001017 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 EHDAA:1719 EHDAA:1725 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 UMLS:C0180383 XAO:0000220 cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme uberon epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale UBERON:0004016 dermatome UBERON:0004016 The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] germinal neuroepithelial layer germinal neuroepithelium original neural tube uberon UBERON:0004022 germinal neuroepithelium UBERON:0004022 One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP] In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) BTO:0002840 TAO:0005164 ZFA:0005164 bile ductule biliary ductule ductuli biliferi uberon bile capillary biliary ductule cholangiole terminal cholangiole UBERON:0004058 biliary ductule UBERON:0004058 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen ependymal layer EMAPA:17152 EMAPA:35362 EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 MA:0003193 neural tube ependymal layer neural tube ventricular germinal zone neural tube ventricular zone neural tube ependymal zone uberon UBERON:0004060 neural tube ventricular layer UBERON:0004060 The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. EMAPA:17148 EMAPA:35360 neural tube intermediate zone uberon future brain marginal layer UBERON:0004061 neural tube mantle layer UBERON:0004061 The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter EMAPA:17151 neural tube marginal zone uberon brain marginal zone UBERON:0004062 neural tube marginal layer UBERON:0004062 2 2 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature AEO:0000080 EHDAA2:0003080 FMA:242873 foramen foramina uberon opening ostia ostium UBERON:0004111 anatomical conduit UBERON:0004111 An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. Crump et al, 2004.[TAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] EMAPA also includes a distinct pouch endoderm AAO:0011113 EFO:0003627 EHDAA:1086 EHDAA:1669 EHDAA:579 EHDAA:617 EMAPA:32752 FMA:293063 TAO:0001106 UMLS:C0231067 VHOG:0001203 XAO:0000282 ZFA:0001106 branchial pouch visceral pouch uberon pharyngeal pouches visceral pouches UBERON:0004117 The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389] pharyngeal pouch UBERON:0004117 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0004119 endoderm-derived structure UBERON:0004119 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0004120 mesoderm-derived structure UBERON:0004120 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0004121 ectoderm-derived structure UBERON:0004121 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] genitourinary urogenital AAO:0000624 BILA:0000122 BTO:0003091 EFO:0003864 EHDAA:1013 EMAPA:16367 EV:0100094 FMA:280610 GAID:362 MESH:D014566 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVMgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g UMLS:C0042066 VHOG:0000286 XAO:0000140 galen:GenitoUrinarySystem urogenital system uberon GU tract UG tract Urogenitalsystem genito-urinary system genitourinary tract urogenital tract UBERON:0004122 genitourinary system UBERON:0004122 The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000215 EMAPA:16106 VHOG:0000975 myocardial plate uberon cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment UBERON:0004139 cardiogenic plate UBERON:0004139 A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] XAO:0004185 first heart field primary heart field uberon FHF PHF heart field UBERON:0004140 primary heart field UBERON:0004140 An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. AAO:0010411 EFO:0003526 EMAPA:32685 TAO:0000360 XAO:0000337 ZFA:0000360 embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube uberon UBERON:0004141 heart tube UBERON:0004141 A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart FMA:7095 OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw chamber of heart heart chamber uberon UBERON:0004151 generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus cardiac chamber UBERON:0004151 A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum EHDAA2:0001829 EHDAA:736 EMAPA:16318 FMA:295593 UMLS:C0231004 VHOG:0000019 transverse septum uberon UBERON:0004161 septum transversum UBERON:0004161 The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals FMA:45643 external genitalia uberon external reproductive organ external sex organ UBERON:0004176 TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 external genitalia UBERON:0004176 A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. EMAPA:32930 endodermal gut gut endoderm uberon UBERON:0004185 endodermal part of digestive tract UBERON:0004185 Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] skeletal AEO:0000168 EHDAA2:0001843 EHDAA:5047 EMAPA:17213 FMA:23875 GAID:177 MA:0003006 MAT:0000032 MESH:D012863 MIAA:0000032 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VSAO:0000026 XAO:0004053 galen:Skeleton set of all bones set of bones of body uberon UBERON:0004288 skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system UBERON:0004288 The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010572 AEO:0000214 EHDAA2:0003259 EMAPA:31109 FMA:295654 TAO:0001513 UMLS:C1511786 VHOG:0000676 ZFA:0001513 uberon dermamyotome dermomyotomes UBERON:0004290 dermomyotome UBERON:0004290 A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] TAO:0000115 ZFA:0000115 heart cone rudimentary heart uberon UBERON:0004291 heart rudiment UBERON:0004291 Distal-most phalanx within a digit. In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans. AAO:0010676 EMAPA:35287 MA:0002914 phalanx distalis terminal phalanx ungual phalanx uberon phalanx distalis UBERON:0004300 distal phalanx UBERON:0004300 A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges. consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans. This should perhaps be renamed 'intermediate phalanx', leaving the term middle phalanx open for the specific intermediate phalanx of a 3-phalanx digit Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges AAO:0010677 EMAPA:35572 MA:0002915 intermediate phalanx uberon medial phalanx penultimate phalanx phalanx 2 phalanx II UBERON:0004301 middle phalanx UBERON:0004301 Proximal-most phalanx within a digit. Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone) 1 AAO:0010680 EMAPA:35716 MA:0002916 phalanx 1 phalanx I proximal-most phalanx uberon UBERON:0004302 proximal phalanx UBERON:0004302 The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP] (...) the blastopore equivalent of chordates (germ ring in fish, marginal zone/blastopore lip in frog and node/primitive streak in chick and mouse) (...) (reference 1); Indeed, the primitive streak has been considered the homologue of the blastopore since the 1870s (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] VHOG includes a very broad grouping here based on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9609826 EHDAA2:0001525 EHDAA:185 EMAPA:16072 FMA:293110 UMLS:C0033153 VHOG:0001202 primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring uberon UBERON:0004341 primitive streak UBERON:0004341 An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. Early outgrowth of presumptive limb.[AAO] AAO:0010375 BTO:0001640 EMAPA:35944 FMA:296780 GAID:1307 MESH:A16.254.462 UMLS:C0282505 XAO:0003161 limb buds limbbud uberon gemmae membrorum UBERON:0004347 developmentally_induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm limb bud UBERON:0004347 multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs. Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop AAO:0010760 EMAPA:32744 TAO:0002146 UMLS:C1516037 XAO:0004121 ZFA:0001702 apical epidermal ridge uberon AER crista ectodermalis apicalis UBERON:0004356 apical ectodermal ridge UBERON:0004356 An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] VHOG:0001258 limb - fin bud paired appendage bud paired limb/fin bud uberon UBERON:0004357 Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] paired limb/fin bud UBERON:0004357 A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. appendage bone bone of appendage bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton uberon UBERON:0004375 bone of free limb or fin UBERON:0004375 The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.[VSAO] EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton. EHDAA2:0002221 EMAPA:32702 VSAO:0000300 free limb skeleton limb skeleton set of bones of limb uberon UBERON:0004381 skeleton of limb UBERON:0004381 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs FMA:78499 sense organ system uberon UBERON:0004456 entire sense organ system UBERON:0004456 A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship EMAPA:32688 FMA:261726 MA:0002441 uberon UBERON:0004493 cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium UBERON:0004493 A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. should be declared disjoint from organ, but in some ontologies (e.g. ZFA), structures such as neural spines are classified as bones (and hence organs) Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO] anatomical process process AAO:0010278 FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 TAO:0001834 VSAO:0000180 XAO:0004020 galen:Ridge processus projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process of organ processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves uberon anatomical protrusion protrusion spine UBERON:0004529 anatomical projection UBERON:0004529 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011001 BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CALOHA:TS-1297 EFO:0000791 EHDAA2:0000216 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EMAPA:16370 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:D002319 MIAA:0000016 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000010 UMLS:C0007226 VHOG:0000302 WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 uberon CV system Herz und Gefaesssystem UBERON:0004535 cardiovascular system UBERON:0004535 A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. TAO:0001079 ZFA:0001079 blood vascular network set of blood vessels uberon blood system blood vessel system blood vessels UBERON:0004537 blood vasculature UBERON:0004537 The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:45623 systemic arterial circulatory system uberon UBERON:0004571 systemic arterial system UBERON:0004571 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0004690 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA:396 EMAPA:16201 EMAPA:16371 MA:0002719 VHOG:0000273 uberon UBERON:0004572 arterial system UBERON:0004572 An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:66464 systemic arterial subtree uberon UBERON:0004573 systemic artery UBERON:0004573 The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 EMAPA:16240 MA:0002720 UMLS:C1267406 VHOG:0000277 vein system uberon UBERON:0004582 venous system UBERON:0004582 A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. FMA class is not a subtype of muscle FMA:75004 UMLS:C1409894 sphincter uberon circular muscle UBERON:0004590 sphincter muscle UBERON:0004590 the polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP] EMAPA:35499 FMA:14471 MA:0002494 UMLS:C0227518 hepatic lobule lobuli hepatici lobulus hepaticus uberon lobules of liver lobuli hepatis UBERON:0004647 liver lobule UBERON:0004647 An appendage that is part of a appendage girdle complex. this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin. UBERON:0009872 VSAO:0000067 girdle-associated appendage limb or fin limb/fin pectoral or pelvic appendage pelvic/pectoral appendage jointed paired lateral appendage paired appendage uberon UBERON:0004708 paired limb/fin UBERON:0004708 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus AEO:0000194 BTO:0003834 EHDAA2:0000001 EHDAA2:0003235 EMAPA:36040 UMLS:C1516779 embryo plus adnexa uberon UBERON:0004716 conceptus UBERON:0004716 Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451) FBbt:00005140 uberon neuromere UBERON:0004732 segmental subdivision of nervous system UBERON:0004732 An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61998 hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain uberon UBERON:0004733 segmental subdivision of hindbrain UBERON:0004733 Organism at the gastrula stage. We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here UBERON:0007012 BILA:0000060 BTO:0001403 FBbt:00005317 FMA:293108 GAID:1302 MESH:A16.254.412 MIAA:0000179 UMLS:C0017199 UMLS:C1284022 gastrula embryo uberon blastocystis trilaminaris tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ UBERON:0004734 gastrula UBERON:0004734 A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] MA:0003047 VSAO:0000015 XAO:0004038 ZFA:0005619 uberon UBERON:0004755 Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from skeletal tissue UBERON:0004755 Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] AAO:0011129 TAO:0001890 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure uberon UBERON:0004765 skeletal element UBERON:0004765 Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. EMAPA:35150 FMA:23878 MA:0003007 VSAO:0000181 joint system set of all joints of body uberon set of all joints set of joints of body UBERON:0004770 articular system UBERON:0004770 A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. BTO:0000546 BTO:0005568 EMAPA:36591 MA:0001521 digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut uberon UBERON:0004786 The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 gastrointestinal system mucosa UBERON:0004786 the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi BTO:0000419 CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32827 MA:0001480 VHOG:0000981 epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory tract epithelial tissue uberon airway epithelium respiratory epithelium UBERON:0004802 respiratory tract epithelium UBERON:0004802 An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32826 MA:0001823 VHOG:0000981 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue uberon UBERON:0004807 respiratory system epithelium UBERON:0004807 An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32683 MA:0001520 digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue uberon UBERON:0004808 gastrointestinal system epithelium UBERON:0004808 An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35894 MA:0001912 epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract epithelium of upper respiratory tract upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue uberon UBERON:0004814 upper respiratory tract epithelium UBERON:0004814 the cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces BTO:0000059 CALOHA:TS-0505 EMAPA:35457 MA:0002846 epithelial tissue of kidney epithelium of kidney kidney epithelial tissue uberon renal epithelium UBERON:0004819 kidney epithelium UBERON:0004819 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors visceral mesoderm AAO:0011102 BILA:0000044 FMA:295568 XAO:0000276 inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm uberon splanchnic mesoderm UBERON:0004872 splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0004872 A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. Gives rise to the paired appendages in jawed vertebrates. a persistent somatopleure through the redistribution and expansion of the lateral plate mesoderm is a synapomorphy for gnathostomes and a critical step in generating a novel developmental module with dramatic evolutionary potentia (Tulenko et al. 2012) http://burkelab.research.wesleyan.edu/current-projects/lamprey/ sources differ as to whether this is part-of or develops-from the LPM EHDAA2:0001847 EHDAA:381 EMAPA:16180 FMA:295566 UMLS:C1519423 VHOG:0000557 uberon UBERON:0004874 somatopleure UBERON:0004874 A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. FMA:72168 UMLS:C1283944 uberon chorda nephrogenica UBERON:0004875 part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge? nephrogenic cord UBERON:0004875 One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]. Less commonly, urogenital fold refers to the fold in the mesonephros which is the precursor of e.g. the suspensory ligament of the ovary. This is the case in older versions of Gray's anatomy[WP] EHDAA2:0004022 EMAPA:30888 FMA:321919 urethral fold urogenital fold uberon urogenital ridge UBERON:0004876 urogenital fold UBERON:0004876 The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord. AAO:0000478 EFO:0003426 TAO:0000091 ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm chorda mesoderm dorsal mesoderm presumptive notochord uberon UBERON:0004880 chordamesoderm UBERON:0004880 Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 joint uberon UBERON:0004905 articulation UBERON:0004905 EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 VHOG:0001351 uberon hepatic diverticulum UBERON:0004912 biliary bud UBERON:0004912 A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] CALOHA:TS-2348 FMA:15076 GAID:283 MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900 TAO:0005167 UMLS:C0042425 ZFA:0005167 galen:AmpullaOfVater Vater's ampulla ampulla biliaropancreatica ampulla of Vater ampulla of bile duct biliaropancreatic ampulla papilla Vateri uberon ampulla Vaterii ampulla hepatopancreatica papilla duodeni major UBERON:0004913 hepatopancreatic ampulla UBERON:0004913 One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. EMAPA:18662 FMA:15953 MA:0003107 papilla duodenalis papilla of duodenum uberon papilla duodeni UBERON:0004914 duodenal papilla UBERON:0004914 A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 uberon alimentary system subdivision intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system UBERON:0004921 subdivision of digestive tract UBERON:0004921 A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 uberon UBERON:0004923 organ component layer UBERON:0004923 A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004110 EMAPA:27199 FMA:17461 mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ of pylorus mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region mucosa of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of stomach pyloric region mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane of pylorus mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa of pylorus organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region pyloric part of stomach mucosa pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa pylorus mucosa pylorus mucosa of organ pylorus mucous membrane pylorus organ mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ stomach pyloric region mucous membrane stomach pyloric region organ mucosa uberon antropyloric mucosa UBERON:0004998 mucosa of pylorus UBERON:0004998 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. AAO:0011071 EMAPA:35594 FMA:295624 UMLS:C0814992 XAO:0000248 uberon UBERON:0005061 neural groove UBERON:0005061 One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. EHDAA2:0001249 EMAPA:16142 EMAPA:16146 EMAPA:16151 EMAPA:16155 EMAPA:16159 EMAPA:16162 EMAPA:16288 EMAPA:16292 EMAPA:16295 EMAPA:16299 EMAPA:16303 EMAPA:16307 EMAPA:16528 FMA:295618 UMLS:C0814993 XAO:0004087 medullary fold uberon UBERON:0005062 neural fold UBERON:0005062 A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003498 TAO:0000133 ZFA:0000133 uberon neural tube rod UBERON:0005068 neural rod UBERON:0005068 The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005080 metanephric ureteric bud UBERON:0005080 The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. uberon UBERON:0005081 ureter ureteric bud UBERON:0005081 An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous. AEO:0000218 FMA:293966 uberon epithelial placode UBERON:0005085 ectodermal placode UBERON:0005085 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila EMAPA:32715 FBbt:00005073 FMA:30316 musculus uberon muscle muscle element UBERON:0005090 muscle structure UBERON:0005090 . class added for consistency with GO - consider merging with kidney mesenchyme. uberon kidney anlage UBERON:0005095 kidney rudiment UBERON:0005095 An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]. uberon UBERON:0005103 mesonephric epithelium UBERON:0005103 A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. BTO:0001639 uberon UBERON:0005153 epithelial bud UBERON:0005153 Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. reproductive system element reproductive system structure uberon UBERON:0005156 reproductive structure UBERON:0005156 An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. uberon UBERON:0005157 epithelial fold UBERON:0005157 A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 FMA:83115 multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure uberon cell part cluster UBERON:0005162 multi cell part structure UBERON:0005162 Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA]. The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. EHDAA2:0000741 EHDAA:3049 EMAPA:16843 FMA:71891 MA:0000357 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWo8WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0917710 VHOG:0000219 galen:HepaticDuct uberon UBERON:0005171 hepatic duct UBERON:0005171 An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. MA:0000522 abdomen organ uberon UBERON:0005172 abdomen element UBERON:0005172 An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. MA:0000529 abdominal segment organ uberon UBERON:0005173 abdominal segment element UBERON:0005173 An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. MA:0001901 back organ dorsal region organ uberon UBERON:0005174 dorsal region element UBERON:0005174 An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. MA:0000516 trunk organ uberon UBERON:0005177 trunk region element UBERON:0005177 An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. MA:0000557 thoracic cavity organ uberon UBERON:0005178 thoracic cavity element UBERON:0005178 An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. MA:0000543 pelvic element pelvis organ pelvis region organ uberon UBERON:0005179 pelvic region element UBERON:0005179 An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. MA:0000563 uberon upper body organ UBERON:0005181 thoracic segment organ UBERON:0005181 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 EHDAA:377 EMAPA:16177 TAO:0000081 VHOG:0000281 ZFA:0000081 uberon trunk and cervical mesenchyme UBERON:0005256 trunk mesenchyme UBERON:0005256 The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes BTO:0000758 CALOHA:TS-0607 CALOHA:TS-2365 DHBA:10662 EHDAA2:0001207 EHDAA:5526 EMAPA:17082 HBA:9512 MA:0000205 VHOG:0000456 uberon myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) UBERON:0005290 myelencephalon UBERON:0005290 A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. CALOHA:TS-2100 portion of embryonic tissue uberon developing tissue UBERON:0005291 embryonic tissue UBERON:0005291 The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. the decision to split digestive and gastrointestinal in this way may be revisited. As it currently stands, this class more closely aligns what MA calls the alimentary system The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-0407 EHDAA2:0000110 EHDAA:514 EMAPA:16246 EV:0100056 FMA:71132 GAID:294 MA:0000323 MESH:A03.492 UMLS:C0012240 VHOG:0000412 galen:GastrointestinalTract uberon GI tract alimentary system alimentary tract gastro-intestinal system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract UBERON:0005409 alimentary part of gastrointestinal system UBERON:0005409 AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 uberon developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue UBERON:0005423 developing anatomical structure UBERON:0005423 In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. EFO:0003643 EHDAA:257 EMAPA:16074 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 TAO:0001178 VHOG:0001372 XAO:0004091 ZFA:0001178 non neural ectoderm epidermal ectoderm epithelial ectoderm uberon surface ectoderm ventral ectoderm UBERON:0005497 Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). Editor note: todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release non-neural ectoderm UBERON:0005497 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. EHDAA2:0001512 EHDAA:424 EHDAA:436 EMAPA:16208 EMAPA:16215 FMA:321916 TAO:0000149 ZFA:0000149 primitive heart tube early primitive heart tube uberon UBERON:0005498 primitive heart tube UBERON:0005498 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] this is a very broad grouping class EFO:0003651 EHDAA:5927 EMAPA:17204 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 TAO:0001262 WBbt:0008366 ZFA:0001262 future gonad gonadal primordium primitive gonad undifferentiated gonad uberon immature gonad UBERON:0005564 gonad primordium UBERON:0005564 A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. UBERON:3010717 AAO:0011059 EFO:0002578 EMAPA:36007 XAO:0001002 uberon lateral diverticula lung diverticulum lung endoderm UBERON:0005597 lung primordium UBERON:0005597 EMAPA:16844 MA:0001636 VHOG:0000215 extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct hepatic duct extrahepatic part uberon UBERON:0005604 extrahepatic part of hepatic duct UBERON:0005604 A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros. Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.[AAO] AAO:0011090 EFO:0003479 TAO:0000067 VHOG:0001239 XAO:0000264 ZFA:0000067 uberon pronephric anlage pronephric bulge pronephric mesenchyme pronephric primordium UBERON:0005721 the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney pronephric mesoderm UBERON:0005721 A sensory system that is capable of olfacttion (the sensory perception of smell). consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ we make the relationship to nervous system 'overlaps', as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP][Wikipedia:Olfactory_system]. The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).[AAO] In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor[WP]. AAO:0000334 AAO:0000978 BILA:0000144 EFO:0001973 EMAPA:36004 FMA:7190 MA:0002445 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViw75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001149 UMLS:C0228065 XAO:0003196 ZFA:0001149 uberon UBERON:0005725 olfactory system UBERON:0005725 BILA:0000139 uberon UBERON:0005726 chemosensory system UBERON:0005726 A limb/fin field that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a paired fin bud. fin field of lateral plate mesoderm uberon UBERON:0005731 fin field UBERON:0005731 A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this. limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm paired limb/fin field uberon UBERON:0005732 paired limb/fin field UBERON:0005732 A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. limb field of lateral plate mesoderm uberon UBERON:0005733 the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. // The lateral plate mesoderm in the limb field is also special in that it will induce myoblasts to migrate out from the somites and enter the limb bud. No other region of the lateral plate mesoderm will do that (Hayashi and Ozawa 1995) limb field UBERON:0005733 The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. caudal portion of nephrogenic cord caudal region of nephrogenic cord rear part of nephrogenic cord rear portion of nephrogenic cord uberon UBERON:0005753 caudal part of nephrogenic cord UBERON:0005753 The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. uberon UBERON:0005754 rostral part of nephrogenic cord UBERON:0005754 A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. FMA:63871 uberon UBERON:0005764 acellular membrane UBERON:0005764 An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. AAO:0010596 FMA:63872 GAID:915 UMLS:C0004799 basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis uberon basement membrane UBERON:0005769 basement membrane of epithelium UBERON:0005769 Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema EHDAA2:0001242 EHDAA:1015 EMAPA:16368 VHOG:0001240 uberon nephric cord UBERON:0005792 nephric ridge UBERON:0005792 In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. FMA:45628 MESH:D011168 UMLS:C0226727 portal venous system uberon UBERON:0005806 portal system UBERON:0005806 A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 EHDAA:8979 mesenchyme condensation uberon UBERON:0005856 developing mesenchymal condensation UBERON:0005856 Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO AEO:0000147 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003147 EMAPA:32731 VSAO:0000092 XAO:0004022 cartilage condensation cartilagenous condensation chondrogenic condensation uberon UBERON:0005863 cartilaginous condensation UBERON:0005863 A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. AEO:0000150 EHDAA2:0003150 EMAPA:32736 pre-chondrogenic condensation precartilage condensation precartilagenous condensation prechondrogenic condensation uberon UBERON:0005866 pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0005866 A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. uberon digit or predigit limb outgrowth UBERON:0005881 encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review autopodial extension UBERON:0005881 Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] EMAPA:16060 FMA:9689 MA:0000005 uberon UBERON:0005906 See notes for serous membrane serous sac UBERON:0005906 Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium uberon UBERON:0005911 endo-epithelium UBERON:0005911 Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] AAO:0000963 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:18043 MA:0000308 UMLS:C0222645 VSAO:0000056 XAO:0004011 uberon skeleton axiale UBERON:0005944 axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton UBERON:0005944 The laminar structure of the heart uberon UBERON:0005983 heart layer UBERON:0005983 Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation TODO - change relation from part_of MESH:D003331 uberon UBERON:0005985 coronary vessel UBERON:0005985 Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis. the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] body hair or bristle uberon adnexae cutis skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage UBERON:0006003 integumentary adnexa UBERON:0006003 the posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roofplate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.[TAO] UBERON:0013163 DHBA:10664 EHDAA2:0000231 EMAPA:17074 TAO:0001440 XAO:0004135 ZFA:0001440 uberon cerebellar anlage cerebellar primordium cerebellum primordium dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon future cerebellum presumptive cerebellum rostral rhombic lip UBERON:0006215 rhombic lip UBERON:0006215 The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings. A membrane that separates the proctodeum and the hindgut in the early embryo. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.497, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] In mammals, the cloaca exists as an embryonic structure that undergoes septation to become distinct urethral, anal, and genital orifices.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000257 EHDAA:214 EHDAA:2933 EMAPA:16832 FMA:295525 UMLS:C0231056 VHOG:0001198 embryonic cloacal membrane uberon membrana cloacalis UBERON:0006217 cloacal membrane UBERON:0006217 An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000569 EHDAA:526 EMAPA:16363 VHOG:0000291 uberon UBERON:0006235 foregut-midgut junction UBERON:0006235 The embryonic precursor of the brain. The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) BAMS:Enc BTO:0004726 EFO:0003431 EHDAA:300 EHDAA:830 EMAPA:16089 EMAPA:16471 FMA:312967 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 TAO:0000146 ZFA:0000146 brain rudiment presumptive brain encephalon uberon embryonic brain UBERON:0006238 future brain UBERON:0006238 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate) BAMS:Pros EFO:0003423 EHDAA2:0000661 EHDAA:2643 EMAPA:16640 TAO:0000062 ZFA:0000062 future prosencephalon presumptive forebrain presumptive prosencephalon uberon prosencephalon UBERON:0006240 future forebrain UBERON:0006240 EFO:0003438 EHDAA2:0000674 EHDAA:898 EMAPA:16092 EMAPA:16525 EMAPA:16755 TAO:0000417 ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord presumptive spinal cord neural keel presumptive spinal cord neural plate presumptive spinal cord neural rod uberon UBERON:0006241 future spinal cord UBERON:0006241 A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. EHDAA2:0000700 EHDAA:3047 EMAPA:16713 XAO:0004205 uberon UBERON:0006242 gall bladder primordium UBERON:0006242 The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001278 EHDAA:264 EMAPA:16101 UMLS:C1518429 VHOG:0001212 uberon UBERON:0006267 notochordal plate UBERON:0006267 A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 EMAPA:16102 FMA:293135 UMLS:C1518430 VHOG:0001213 uberon chordamesoderm presumptive notochord UBERON:0006268 The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. notochordal process UBERON:0006268 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid FMA:280556 GAID:266 MESH:D001826 galen:BodyFluid body fluid uberon UBERON:0006314 bodily fluid UBERON:0006314 A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros TAO:0005289 ZFA:0005289 uberon UBERON:0006553 renal duct UBERON:0006553 A tube that is part of a excretory system. uberon UBERON:0006555 excretory tube UBERON:0006555 The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes. branchial pharyngeal FBbt:00005380 MAT:0000049 MIAA:0000049 uberon anterior part of foregut pharyngeal tube UBERON:0006562 pharynx UBERON:0006562 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. AAO:0000471 EFO:0003437 TAO:0000416 ZFA:0000416 uberon UBERON:0006595 presumptive endoderm UBERON:0006595 AAO:0000468 EFO:0003439 TAO:0000568 ZFA:0000568 future blood uberon UBERON:0006596 presumptive blood UBERON:0006596 Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. Consider merging with anlage AAO:0000479 TAO:0001116 ZFA:0001116 future structure presumptive structures uberon UBERON:0006598 presumptive structure UBERON:0006598 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. AAO:0000470 EFO:0003466 TAO:0001376 XAO:0004132 ZFA:0001376 uberon presumptive epidermis UBERON:0006601 presumptive ectoderm UBERON:0006601 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. AAO:0000476 EFO:0003467 TAO:0001377 ZFA:0001377 uberon UBERON:0006603 presumptive mesoderm UBERON:0006603 2 2 A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis. Hinge joints between the phalanges of the hand or foot[ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint]. FMA:42765 galen:InterphalangealJoint inter-phalangeal joint inter-phalanx joint uberon UBERON:0006658 interphalangeal joint UBERON:0006658 The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus) Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group carpus/tarsus mesopodial limb segment mesopodial segment uberon mesopod UBERON:0006716 mesopodium region UBERON:0006716 The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.[VSAO] Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group VSAO:0005019 autopod skeleton autopodial skeleton skeletal parts of autopod skeleton of autopod uberon autopodium UBERON:0006717 autopodial skeleton UBERON:0006717 An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue BTO:0002991 UMLS:C0682578 UMLS:C1708242 uberon UBERON:0006799 glandular epithelium UBERON:0006799 The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future. FBbt:00005756 WBbt:0005773 rectum uberon rectal part of digestive tract terminal section of digestive tract UBERON:0006866 terminal part of digestive tract UBERON:0006866 A vasculature that is part of a organ. FMA:74612 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ uberon UBERON:0006876 vasculature of organ UBERON:0006876 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. BTO:0000349 EMAPA:32908 FMA:45677 digestive tract lumen gut cavity gut lumen lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract lumen of gut uberon UBERON:0006909 lumen of digestive tract UBERON:0006909 An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium BTO:0002072 UMLS:C0221909 uberon UBERON:0006914 squamous epithelium UBERON:0006914 A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. EMAPA:17623 EMAPA:35814 FMA:63458 MA:0002784 epithelium of gastric gland uberon gastric gland epithelium UBERON:0006924 stomach glandular epithelium UBERON:0006924 A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. AAO:0000130 BTO:0000345 digestive system gland uberon UBERON:0006925 digestive gland UBERON:0006925 Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA] FMA:64800 UMLS:C0225337 uberon UBERON:0006929 glandular columnar epithelium UBERON:0006929 stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. EMAPA:27167 MA:0001614 stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane uberon UBERON:0006931 stomach glandular region mucosa UBERON:0006931 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. EFO:0003709 TAO:0005077 ZFA:0005077 uberon UBERON:0006965 vascular cord UBERON:0006965 A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n AAO:0010270 BILA:0000010 CARO:0001002 EHDAA2:0003192 FMA:24137 ID:0000000 UMLS:C1515977 ZFA:0005594 uberon UBERON:0006984 Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. anatomical surface UBERON:0006984 The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm review EHDAA2 placement AAO:0011021 BILA:0000051 EFO:0000315 EHDAA2:0000214 EHDAA:385 FMA:293143 VHOG:0001641 XAO:0000235 uberon cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region heart primordia UBERON:0007005 cardiac mesoderm UBERON:0007005 Organism at the cleavage stage. BILA:0000058 uberon UBERON:0007010 cleaving embryo UBERON:0007010 The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis BILA:0000084 UMLS:C1514442 future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut uberon embryonic digestive tube primordial digestive tube primordial gut UBERON:0007026 presumptive gut UBERON:0007026 A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis FBbt:00003154 SPD:0000130 TADS:0000147 dorsal tube heart uberon adult heart UBERON:0007100 Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata primary circulatory organ UBERON:0007100 A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3. A pouch that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. [ISBN10:0124020607][VHOG] Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO] A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract. Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve UBERON:0005715 AAO:0011115 EFO:0003633 EHDAA2:0000058 EMAPA:16275 EMAPA:16276 FMA:295676 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 TAO:0001130 UMLS:C0231069 VHOG:0000561 VHOG:0000967 XAO:0000247 ZFA:0001130 2nd arch branchial pouch 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm 2nd arch pouch endoderm 2nd branchial pouch 2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm pharyngeal pouches 2 second arch pharyngeal pouch second visceral pouch visceral pouch 2 uberon second pharyngeal pouch UBERON:0007123 pharyngeal pouch 2 UBERON:0007123 An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003497 TAO:0000131 ZFA:0000131 uberon presumptive central nervous system UBERON:0007135 neural keel UBERON:0007135 The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. UBERON:0004102 FMA:7393 arbor tracheobronchialis uberon tracheobronchial system UBERON:0007196 tracheobronchial tree UBERON:0007196 The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. TODO - unify naming conventions The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. BAMS:HB CALOHA:TS-2118 EFO:0003440 EHDAA2:0001630 FMA:295640 TAO:0000569 ZFA:0000569 presumptive rhombencephalon uberon embryonic rhombencephalon future hindbrain rhombencephalon UBERON:0007277 presumptive hindbrain UBERON:0007277 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. EFO:0003446 TAO:0001187 XAO:0004086 ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary uberon UBERON:0007281 presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary UBERON:0007281 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. EFO:0003421 TAO:0000053 ZFA:0000053 uberon presumptive segmental plates UBERON:0007282 presumptive segmental plate UBERON:0007282 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. consider merging Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] EFO:0003424 TAO:0000063 ZFA:0000063 prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm uberon UBERON:0007284 presumptive neural plate UBERON:0007284 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. EFO:0003443 TAO:0000591 XAO:0004134 ZFA:0000591 future paraxial mesoderm uberon UBERON:0007285 presumptive paraxial mesoderm UBERON:0007285 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a pronephric mesoderm. EFO:0003619 TAO:0001070 ZFA:0001070 nephron primordium uberon UBERON:0007297 presumptive pronephric mesoderm UBERON:0007297 A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. TODO - check In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans FMA:16012 MA:0000721 lobulus pancreaticus pancreas lobe pancreatic lobule uberon UBERON:0007324 pancreatic lobule UBERON:0007324 A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum. this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms EHDAA:9194 EMAPA:32952 FMA:10419 MA:0000124 TAO:0001372 VHOG:0000254 ZFA:0001372 duct of pancreas pancreas duct uberon ductus pancreaticus UBERON:0007329 pancreatic duct UBERON:0007329 The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. BSA:0000073 BTO:0000313 FBbt:00004993 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 WBbt:0005733 epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer uberon hypoderm hypodermis UBERON:0007376 outer epithelium UBERON:0007376 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO] connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis AAO:0010600 TAO:0001182 ZFA:0001182 dermal deep region uberon UBERON:0007377 stratum compactum UBERON:0007377 Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. EFO:0003425 TAO:0000086 ZFA:0000086 EVL enveloping layer uberon UBERON:0007383 enveloping layer of ectoderm UBERON:0007383 An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. AEO:0000115 EHDAA2:0003115 uberon UBERON:0007499 epithelial sac UBERON:0007499 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. AEO_RETIRED:0000116 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 uberon UBERON:0007500 epithelial tube open at both ends UBERON:0007500 A closed epithelium with a lumen. EHDAA2:0003119 AEO:0000119 EHDAA2:0003119 uberon UBERON:0007503 epithelial vesicle UBERON:0007503 Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. EHDAA2:0003146 AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 uberon UBERON:0007524 dense mesenchyme tissue UBERON:0007524 Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization EHDAA2:0003152 AEO:0000152 EHDAA2:0003152 uberon UBERON:0007530 migrating mesenchyme population UBERON:0007530 Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html] FMA:64798 uberon UBERON:0007592 ciliated columnar epithelium UBERON:0007592 Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. uberon UBERON:0007601 ciliated epithelium UBERON:0007601 A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 CALOHA:TS-0998 FMA:66762 synovium stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial membrane uberon synovial tissue UBERON:0007616 layer of synovial tissue UBERON:0007616 An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. FMA:11356 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint uberon joint cavity synovial cavity UBERON:0007617 synovial cavity of joint UBERON:0007617 2 An anatomical structure that connects two structures junction FMA:5898 anatomical junction uberon UBERON:0007651 anatomical junction UBERON:0007651 region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. uberon kidney anlage UBERON:0007687 kidney field UBERON:0007687 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. field AEO:0000170 EFO:0001649 EHDAA2:0003170 FBbt:00005426 developmental field uberon future organ organ field UBERON:0007688 anlage UBERON:0007688 endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. uberon diverticulum thyroideum saccus thyroideus UBERON:0007689 thyroid diverticulum UBERON:0007689 . EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 TAO:0001104 ZFA:0001104 early pharyngeal arch endoderm uberon pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal region endoderm UBERON:0007690 relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' early pharyngeal endoderm UBERON:0007690 Any fluid produced by a serous gland. the FMA def is Transudate contained in a serous sac FMA:20932 serous gland fluid uberon UBERON:0007794 serous fluid UBERON:0007794 Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. consider merging with vasculature The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system BTO:0001085 CALOHA:TS-2053 EHDAA2:0004520 EMAPA:35905 MA:0002718 UMLS:C0489903 uberon Gefaesssystem@ge UBERON:0007798 vascular system UBERON:0007798 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. CALOHA:TS-2356 EV:0100009 FMA:280881 MA:0000006 UMLS:C0460004 WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck galen:HeadAndNeck uberon cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region head and neck head or neck UBERON:0007811 craniocervical region UBERON:0007811 An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). this encompasses non-skeletal tissue An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] UBERON:0007824 girdle girdle region FMA:24874 VSAO:0000303 uberon fin girdle fin girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region UBERON:0007823 appendage girdle region UBERON:0007823 Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO) Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts AAO:0000426 AAO:0000768 EFO:0000947 EHDAA2:0001426 EHDAA:7149 EHDAA:8324 EMAPA:18028 FMA:87592 MAT:0000182 MIAA:0000182 TAO:0000565 VHOG:0000305 VSAO:0000155 XAO:0003064 ZFA:0000565 galen:PelvicGirdle pelvic girdle skeleton skeletal parts of pelvic girdle skeleton of pelvic girdle uberon pelvic girdle UBERON:0007832 pelvic girdle skeleton UBERON:0007832 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. TAO still mixes tissue and element AAO:0011130 CALOHA:TS-0118 EMAPA:32730 FMA:55107 VSAO:0000000 XAO:0004013 ZFA:0001501 cartilage organ cartilaginous element chondrogenic element uberon cartilage UBERON:0007844 cartilage element UBERON:0007844 Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). FMA:20103 uberon UBERON:0007845 regular connective tissue UBERON:0007845 Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] FMA:64781 UMLS:C0225333 VSAO:0000050 XAO:0004030 dense fibrous connective tissue dense regular collagenous connective tissue dense regular collagenous tissue regular dense connective tissue typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon UBERON:0007846 dense regular connective tissue UBERON:0007846 A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing EHDAA2:0000187 FMA:293041 UMLS:C1519038 pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal system uberon pharyngeal arches and clefts UBERON:0008814 pharyngeal arch system UBERON:0008814 A head that is part of a embryo. CALOHA:TS-0246 FBbt:00000155 FMA:293011 uberon UBERON:0008816 embryonic head UBERON:0008816 An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10 The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. AAO:0011057 EHDAA2:0000740 EHDAA:1530 UMLS:C1512407 XAO:0000101 liver diverticulum uberon diverticulum hepaticum UBERON:0008835 hepatic diverticulum UBERON:0008835 BTO:0001642 uberon UBERON:0008836 liver bud UBERON:0008836 The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter FMA:14580 canalis pyloricus uberon canalis pyloricus UBERON:0008858 pyloric canal UBERON:0008858 The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. check relationship to pylorus vs antrum EMAPA:27211 FMA:14922 UMLS:C0227239 glandula pylorica pyloric antrum gland pyloric gland pyloric mucuous gland uberon UBERON:0008861 pyloric gastric gland UBERON:0008861 An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO]. Surface structure involved in locomotion.[TAO] Surface structure involved in locomotion.[VSAO] This class groups together various structures that may have arisen through convergent evolution, including, for example, the dorsal fin of a cetacean AAO:0010374 AEO:0001004 BTO:0004649 EFO:0000875 MAT:0000087 MESH:D058500 MIAA:0000087 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjcBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000108 VSAO:0000099 XAO:0000002 ZFA:0000108 uberon fins UBERON:0008897 fin UBERON:0008897 EHDAA2:0004069 UMLS:C1514898 uberon UBERON:0008947 respiratory primordium UBERON:0008947 An organ part that is part of a stomach. EMAPA:35821 MA:0002561 uberon UBERON:0009034 stomach region UBERON:0009034 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) UBERON:0003313 EHDAA2:0001113 EHDAA:177 EMAPA:16097 uberon UBERON:0009142 entire embryonic mesenchyme UBERON:0009142 EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 pharyngeal region uberon UBERON:0009145 pharyngeal region of foregut UBERON:0009145 EHDAA2:0004021 uberon UBERON:0009196 indifferent external genitalia UBERON:0009196 A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. EMAPA:28425 EMAPA:28429 uberon UBERON:0009201 pronephric duct or mesonephric duct nephric duct UBERON:0009201 An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 uberon UBERON:0009497 epithelium of foregut-midgut junction UBERON:0009497 An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000572 EMAPA:18403 uberon UBERON:0009550 endoderm of foregut-midgut junction UBERON:0009550 A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). Newborn and adult mice are able to regrow forelimb (finger) and hindlimb (toe) digit tips after their amputation through the distal interphalangeal joint. Regeneration of the digit tip involves the integrated regrowth of multiple tissues within 2-3 months, reaching an external morphology that is cosmetically and functionally similar to normal digits. Most importantly, regeneration of the mouse distal digit shares morphological similarities with clinical cases documenting regrowth of missing distal portions of fingers in both children and adults digit tip distal digit segment tip of digit uberon UBERON:0009551 distal segment of digit UBERON:0009551 A nail, hoof or claw. MESH:D006724 uberon hoof or claw hoof, claw or nail keratin plate keratin sheath unguis UBERON:0009564 distal limb integumentary appendage UBERON:0009564 FMA:25054 region of trunk trunk subdivision uberon UBERON:0009569 subdivision of trunk UBERON:0009569 EHDAA2:0001172 EMAPA:16977 VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall midbrain midbrain lateral wall mantle layer uberon mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon UBERON:0009581 midbrain mantle layer UBERON:0009581 TODO - developmental relationships for lines TAO:0007044 ZFA:0007044 MHB neural plate midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate uberon UBERON:0009615 midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate UBERON:0009615 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. TODO - unify naming conventions BAMS:MES EFO:0003432 EHDAA2:0000615 EMAPA:16140 EMAPA:16472 TAO:0000148 ZFA:0000148 presumptive mesencephalon uberon early midbrain future midbrain mesencephalon UBERON:0009616 presumptive midbrain UBERON:0009616 EHDAA2:0002094 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme uberon trunk paraxial mesenchyme UBERON:0009618 trunk paraxial mesoderm UBERON:0009618 EHDAA2:0001371 uberon pancreatis dorsalis UBERON:0009708 dorsal pancreas UBERON:0009708 EHDAA2:0001393 uberon pancreatis ventralis UBERON:0009709 ventral pancreas UBERON:0009709 EHDAA2:0004621 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 uberon pharyngeal arch endoderm UBERON:0009722 entire pharyngeal arch endoderm UBERON:0009722 The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. EMAPA mapping from TH EMAPA:32705 uberon limb mesoderm UBERON:0009749 limb mesenchyme UBERON:0009749 An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx to either a medial or proximal phalanx. FMA:65024 DIJ joint DIP joint uberon UBERON:0009768 distal interphalangeal joint UBERON:0009768 The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. acinar acinus FMA:55588 uberon acini UBERON:0009842 glandular acinus UBERON:0009842 Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100316 uberon diverticulum of gut intestinal pouch UBERON:0009854 digestive tract diverticulum UBERON:0009854 galen:Diverticulum pouch uberon diverticulum UBERON:0009856 sac UBERON:0009856 A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach FMA:14558 gastric zone region of stomach section of stomach uberon UBERON:0009870 zone of stomach UBERON:0009870 Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region considering adding 'acropodial region' Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group metacarpal or metatarsal part of limb metacarpus/metatarsus region metapodial segment cannon region equine cannon region uberon metacarpus/metatarsus metapodium UBERON:0009877 metapodium region UBERON:0009877 The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] VSAO:0005022 basipodium skeleton carpal/tarsal skeleton mesopodial skeleton mesopodium skeleton skeletal parts of mesopodium uberon basipodium mesopodium UBERON:0009878 mesopodial skeleton UBERON:0009878 EFO:0003704 TAO:0005041 ZFA:0005041 ALPM uberon UBERON:0009881 anterior lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0009881 todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland) FMA:45737 UMLS:C0921005 lobulus uberon UBERON:0009911 lobule UBERON:0009911 Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) EFO:0003460 TAO:0001309 XAO:0004620 ZFA:0001309 neurogenic placodes uberon placodae neurogenicae UBERON:0009955 neurogenic placode UBERON:0009955 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure uberon UBERON:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure UBERON:0010000 A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. CARO:0010001 FBbt:00007229 uberon UBERON:0010001 Examples include arthropod sensilla. cell cluster organ UBERON:0010001 An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates BSA:0000123 TADS:0000172 TGMA:0001041 uberon UBERON:0010039 food storage organ UBERON:0010039 An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0000595 uberon UBERON:0010081 future common hepatic duct UBERON:0010081 Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. check development EHDAA2:0000598 uberon UBERON:0010083 future dermis UBERON:0010083 A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. EHDAA2:0000623 uberon UBERON:0010092 future metencephalon UBERON:0010092 A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. EHDAA2:0000640 uberon UBERON:0010096 future myelencephalon UBERON:0010096 The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. manus, pes, paw) limb plate uberon UBERON:0010130 autopod plate UBERON:0010130 Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. EHDAA2:0004528 FMA:83378 specialized conducting tissue of heart specialized muscle tissue of heart uberon UBERON:0010131 conducting tissue of heart UBERON:0010131 A roughly circular bulge in a surface. requires review AEO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003250 FMA:82506 uberon UBERON:0010188 protuberance UBERON:0010188 Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. DHBA:12322 EFO:0003567 EHDAA2:0004375 TAO:0000761 ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain basal plate midbrain region uberon UBERON:0010285 midbrain basal plate UBERON:0010285 Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed TAO:0007039 ZFA:0007039 uberon UBERON:0010286 midbrain neural tube UBERON:0010286 An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes uberon UBERON:0010314 structure with developmental contribution from neural crest UBERON:0010314 uberon UBERON:0010316 germ layer / neural crest UBERON:0010316 A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000139 XAO:0004017 ZFA:0005620 endochondral replacement element uberon UBERON:0010363 endochondral element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern UBERON:0010363 Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 ectoderm-derived epithelium uberon UBERON:0010371 ecto-epithelium UBERON:0010371 consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') EHDAA2:0001384 FMA:79793 uberon dorsal pancreas UBERON:0010375 pancreas dorsal primordium UBERON:0010375 Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') EHDAA2:0001387 FMA:79794 uberon ventral pancreas UBERON:0010376 pancreas ventral primordium UBERON:0010376 Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives EHDAA2:0001120 uberon UBERON:0010377 mesenchyme from somatopleure UBERON:0010377 A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia. glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous FMA:45572 UMLS:C0836138 UMLS:C1514590 uberon UBERON:0010498 pseudostratified columnar epithelium UBERON:0010498 Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 UMLS:C0506992 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) uberon UBERON:0010499 pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium UBERON:0010499 A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:A07.231.432 TAO:0005251 ZFA:0005251 uberon microcirculatory vessels UBERON:0010523 microcirculatory vessel UBERON:0010523 An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. limb/fin segment uberon UBERON:0010538 paired limb/fin segment UBERON:0010538 The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. FMA:231315 VSAO:0005028 acropodial skeleton acropodium skeleton set of phalanges skeletal parts of acropodial region uberon acropodium digital skeleton digits skeleton phalangeal skeleton skeletal parts of acropodium skeleton of digits UBERON:0010543 acropodial skeleton UBERON:0010543 Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton. Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] VSAO:0005025 metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton metapodial skeleton metapodium skeleton skeletal parts of metapodium skeleton of metapodium uberon metapodium UBERON:0010546 metapodial skeleton UBERON:0010546 EMAPA:32720 uberon UBERON:0010700 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010700 EMAPA:32721 uberon UBERON:0010701 phalanx cartilage element UBERON:0010701 Mesenchyme of the digit region. EMAPA:32719 uberon digital ray UBERON:0010702 digit mesenchyme UBERON:0010702 An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) haendel 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z FMA:7182 VSAO:0000214 appendage complex appendage-girdle complex appendage/girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin uberon limb UBERON:0010707 appendage girdle complex UBERON:0010707 Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here FMA:7184 VSAO:0000215 pelvic appendage/girdle complex pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin uberon lower limb lower limb and pelvic girdle lower limb and pelvis UBERON:0010709 pelvic complex UBERON:0010709 Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb VSAO:0005018 uberon UBERON:0010712 limb skeleton subdivision UBERON:0010712 The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin. Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[VSAO] TAO:0000027 VSAO:0000169 ZFA:0000027 uberon UBERON:0010713 paired fin skeleton UBERON:0010713 The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] AAO:0010686 VSAO:0000302 skeleton of girdle uberon UBERON:0010719 girdle skeleton UBERON:0010719 A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). EMAPA:35494 MA:0000688 uberon bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone UBERON:0010740 bone of appendage girdle complex UBERON:0010740 A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. FBbt:00007018 appendage segment appendicular segment uberon UBERON:0010758 subdivision of organism along appendicular axis UBERON:0010758 A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of cartilage tissue. uberon UBERON:0010881 limb cartilage element UBERON:0010881 A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of pre-cartilage tissue. uberon UBERON:0010882 limb bone pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0010882 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] FMA:23879 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision uberon subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) UBERON:0010912 subdivision of skeleton UBERON:0010912 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. FMA:7491 solid joint uberon UBERON:0011134 nonsynovial joint UBERON:0011134 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. FMA:7483 uberon UBERON:0011137 axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton UBERON:0011137 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system FMA:302077 uberon UBERON:0011138 post-cranial axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton UBERON:0011138 Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. FMA:258776 synovial joint of free limb segment uberon UBERON:0011139 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses. synovial limb joint UBERON:0011139 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. FMA:45658 galen:UpperUrinaryTract uberon UBERON:0011143 upper urinary tract UBERON:0011143 A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system UMLS:C1517464 uberon UBERON:0011185 gastrointestinal sphincter UBERON:0011185 A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. FMA:83143 cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer uberon UBERON:0011215 central nervous system cell part cluster UBERON:0011215 A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 uberon UBERON:0011216 organ system subdivision UBERON:0011216 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] FMA:7484 VHOG:0001666 VSAO:0000306 uberon UBERON:0011249 appendicular skeletal system https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton UBERON:0011249 A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern uberon UBERON:0011250 autopod bone UBERON:0011250 compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' EHDAA2:0001845 uberon basal cell layer of skin outer epithelium of body UBERON:0011272 embryonic skin basal layer UBERON:0011272 The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] VSAO:0000301 limb/fin skeleton skeletal parts of limb/fin skeleton of limb/fin uberon UBERON:0011582 paired limb/fin skeleton UBERON:0011582 Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]. Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.[VSAO] propodial stylopodial VSAO:0005007 stylopodium skeleton uberon mesomere 1 propodial skeleton propodium proximal metapterygial mesomere stylopod stylopodium UBERON:0011583 stylopodial skeleton UBERON:0011583 Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. zeugopodial zygopodial VSAO:0005010 epipodial skeleton skeleton of zeugopod zeugopod skeleton uberon epipodium mesomere 2 mesomere 2 skeleton zygopodium UBERON:0011584 zeugopodial skeleton UBERON:0011584 Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO VSAO:0000006 XAO:0004021 uberon UBERON:0011585 cell condensation UBERON:0011585 A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem axial subdivision of organism uberon body segment main body segment UBERON:0011676 subdivision of organism along main body axis UBERON:0011676 A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. EHDAA2:0000216 FMA:305965 conceptus cardiovascular system uberon embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system UBERON:0011695 embryonic cardiovascular system UBERON:0011695 A nerve that is part of a head. uberon cephalic nerve head nerve UBERON:0011779 nerve of head region UBERON:0011779 Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 uberon UBERON:0011821 irregular connective tissue UBERON:0011821 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] FMA:20109 UMLS:C0738366 irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon UBERON:0011822 dense irregular connective tissue UBERON:0011822 Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] AAO:0000121 UMLS:C1511770 uberon UBERON:0011823 dense connective tissue UBERON:0011823 Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 UMLS:C1253917 textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus uberon UBERON:0011825 loose connective tissue UBERON:0011825 An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. exocrine gland acinus uberon UBERON:0011858 acinus of exocrine gland UBERON:0011858 the FMA class specifically refers to ureter FMA:63212 MESH:D024022 NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 uberon UBERON:0011860 collection of collagen fibrils UBERON:0011860 Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones FMA:9726 UMLS:C0504096 fascia of muscle organ uberon epimysia UBERON:0011899 epimysium UBERON:0011899 A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. as currently defined, this would include the cardiac antrum; however, the intent may be to exclude the cardiac glands and in mice for this to be part of the region distal to the margo plicatus EMAPA:17623 MA:0001613 UMLS:C0227197 uberon glandular stomach UBERON:0011953 stomach glandular region UBERON:0011953 The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining. coelomic EHDAA2:0004731 enterocoelom haemocoelom schizocoelom uberon coelem coelomic cavity UBERON:0011997 coelom UBERON:0011997 uberon UBERON:0012139 segment of autopod UBERON:0012139 A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region. some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon acropodium (Wagner) UBERON:0012140 digitopodium region https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod UBERON:0012140 A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton. some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon digitopodium skeleton of digits UBERON:0012150 skeleton of digitopodium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod UBERON:0012150 An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified] uberon UBERON:0012274 columnar epithelium UBERON:0012274 Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:86452 mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium uberon UBERON:0012275 meso-epithelium UBERON:0012275 One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly cloacal fold EHDAA2:0004009 uberon UBERON:0012292 We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts embryonic cloacal fold UBERON:0012292 Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in a single fin. skeleton of fin uberon UBERON:0012353 fin skeleton UBERON:0012353 The segment of the autopod that is distal to the metapodial region and consists of the digits. class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones acropodial limb segment acropodial region acropodial segment of autopod set of digits uberon UBERON:0012354 acropodium region UBERON:0012354 A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton. uberon digit bone UBERON:0012357 digitopodium bone UBERON:0012357 EHDAA2:0004588 uberon UBERON:0012361 internal anal region UBERON:0012361 Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. Also known as hemopoietic tissue Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue CALOHA:TS-2142 FMA:14073 UMLS:C0229619 haemopoietic tissue hematopoietic tissue textus haemopoieticus bone marrow tissue uberon UBERON:0012429 hemopoietic tissue UBERON:0012429 EHDAA2:0004589 uberon UBERON:0012469 external anal region UBERON:0012469 The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. FMA:24140 uberon bones of lower limb lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris pelvic complex skeleton set of bones of lower limb skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle UBERON:0012476 skeleton of pelvic complex UBERON:0012476 The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. FMA:86279 acinus of serous gland uberon UBERON:0013232 serous acinus UBERON:0013232 The precursor of the urethra In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week sulcus urethralis primarius urethral groove urethral sulcus uberon UBERON:0013241 embryonic urethral groove UBERON:0013241 The space that surrounds an organism. external to organism outside of body uberon UBERON:0013514 space surrounding organism UBERON:0013514 uberon UBERON:0013522 subdivision of tube UBERON:0013522 2 2 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 foramen space uberon UBERON:0013686 anatomical conduit space UBERON:0013686 A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. uberon UBERON:0013701 main body axis UBERON:0013701 The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. AEO:0000103 BTO:0001489 EMAPA:36031 FMA:231424 uberon body whole body UBERON:0013702 body proper UBERON:0013702 Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. skin projection uberon UBERON:0013703 integumentary projection UBERON:0013703 A organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. layer of skin skin layer uberon UBERON:0013754 integumentary system layer UBERON:0013754 A blood that is part of a vein. FMA:83067 blood in vein portion of venous blood venous blood uberon UBERON:0013756 venous blood UBERON:0013756 Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. digestive organ digestive system organ uberon UBERON:0013765 digestive system element UBERON:0013765 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. EHDAA2:0004424 EMAPA:36024 TAO:0000571 ZFA:0000571 presumptive telencephalon uberon UBERON:0014371 paired anteriolateral division of the embryonic prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived[MP] future telencephalon UBERON:0014371 Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. EHDAA2:0002013 FMA:77169 skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton uberon UBERON:0014477 thoracic skeleton UBERON:0014477 A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. uberon UBERON:0014716 interlobular duct UBERON:0014716 A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular uberon intralobular ductule UBERON:0014719 intralobular duct UBERON:0014719 A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). skeletal muscle AAO:0011099 BTO:0001103 CALOHA:TS-0933 EFO:0000888 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5984 EMAPA:35988 EV:0100377 GAID:141 MA:0003148 MAT:0000302 MESH:D018482 MIAA:0000302 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005277 VHOG:0000319 XAO:0000174 ZFA:0005277 uberon UBERON:0014892 skeletal muscle organ UBERON:0014892 A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. EFO:0003708 TAO:0005076 ZFA:0005076 uberon UBERON:0014903 primordial vasculature UBERON:0014903 A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. phalanx skeletal element phalanx element uberon UBERON:0015023 phalanx endochondral element UBERON:0015023 A limb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. limb bone skeletal element limb bone endochondral element uberon UBERON:0015061 limb endochondral element UBERON:0015061 A endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. uberon UBERON:0015063 autopod endochondral element UBERON:0015063 A autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of a cartilage tissue. uberon UBERON:0015064 autopod cartilage UBERON:0015064 Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. uberon UBERON:0015212 lateral structure UBERON:0015212 A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. heart SPD:0000130 cardiac pump heart or heart like organ circulatory vessel uberon cardiac structure UBERON:0015228 circulatory organ UBERON:0015228 MA:0002449 heart/pericardium uberon UBERON:0015410 heart plus pericardium UBERON:0015410 FMA:62798 portion of heterogeneous tissue uberon UBERON:0015757 heterogeneous tissue UBERON:0015757 A epithelium that is part of a foregut. EMAPA:32922 MA:0003204 uberon UBERON:0015833 foregut epithelium UBERON:0015833 An roughly circular indentation in a surface. AEO:0000204 uberon UBERON:0016566 pit UBERON:0016566 Primordium that develops into the central nervous system UBERON:3000469 future CNS presumptive central nervous system uberon UBERON:0016879 future central nervous system UBERON:0016879 Primordium that develops into the nervous system UBERON:3000477 AAO:0000477 presumptive nervous system uberon UBERON:0016880 future nervous system UBERON:0016880 The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. AEO:0000195 EHDAA2:0000003 EMAPA:16042 extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component uberon UBERON:0016887 entire extraembryonic component UBERON:0016887 An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. AEO:0000132 uberon UBERON:0016888 transitional anatomical structure UBERON:0016888 A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 uberon UBERON:0017650 developing mesenchymal structure UBERON:0017650 A viscus that is part of a abdomen. FMA:32413 FMA:67355 abdominal viscera abdominal viscera set set of abdominal viscera uberon UBERON:0017672 abdominal viscera UBERON:0017672 Added for consistency with MA EMAPA and EHDAA2. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/104 EHDAA2:0001842 EMAPA:35578 MA:0000165 uberon UBERON:0018254 skeletal musculature UBERON:0018254 Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only FMA:45634 uberon UBERON:0018260 layer of muscle tissue UBERON:0018260 An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. FMA:73747 ZFA:0005811 cardiac vasculature uberon UBERON:0018674 heart vasculature UBERON:0018674 A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. BTO:0000123 bladder uberon UBERON:0018707 bladder organ UBERON:0018707 An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. neurepithelium AEO:0001008 BTO:0000314 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 FMA:64807 embryonic neuroepithelium neuroepithelium uberon UBERON:0034705 developing neuroepithelium UBERON:0034705 An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. AEO:0001009 uberon UBERON:0034706 proliferating neuroepithelium UBERON:0034706 A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 uberon UBERON:0034707 differentiating neuroepithelium UBERON:0034707 Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain uberon cranial nerve fiber bundle cranial nerve fiber tract cranial nerve or tract neuron projection bundle from brain UBERON:0034713 cranial neuron projection bundle UBERON:0034713 A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. uberon UBERON:0034768 morphological feature UBERON:0034768 FMA:79770 uberon UBERON:0034769 lymphomyeloid tissue UBERON:0034769 Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. FMA:84580 gas in anatomical space portion of gas in anatomical space uberon UBERON:0034873 bodily gas UBERON:0034873 Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. FMA:84581 respiratory air respiratory system air uberon UBERON:0034874 air in respiratory system UBERON:0034874 An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 uberon anatomical cluster UBERON:0034921 multi organ part structure UBERON:0034921 A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 FMA:62807 uberon UBERON:0034922 cell cluster UBERON:0034922 A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected uberon UBERON:0034925 anatomical collection UBERON:0034925 A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. uberon UBERON:0034929 external soft tissue zone UBERON:0034929 The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. BTO:0001513 biliary system epithelium uberon biliary epithelium biliary tract epithelium UBERON:0034932 epithelium of biliary system UBERON:0034932 FMA:55268 organ sector organ zonal region organ zone uberon organ region with floating fiat boundary UBERON:0034944 zone of organ UBERON:0034944 Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. respiratory gas respiratory system gas uberon UBERON:0034947 gas in respiratory system UBERON:0034947 uberon duct epithelium ductal epithelium UBERON:0034969 epithelial layer of duct UBERON:0034969 uberon UBERON:0035050 excretory duct UBERON:0035050 The primordial mouth region of the developing head. FMA:293105 primitive mouth primordial mouth uberon UBERON:0035804 future mouth UBERON:0035804 UBERON:2007013 Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon teleost_anatomy_curators ZFA:0007013 uberon/phenoscape-anatomy preplacodal ectoderm UBERON:3000961 Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy external integument structure A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. digit digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue digit digitopodial subdivision digit ray uberon UBERON:5002544 digit plus metapodial segment UBERON:5002544 A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element. this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a 'digit', but the label 'digit' is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials. uberon digit digit skeleton UBERON:5102544 individual digit of digitopodial skeleton UBERON:5102544 VO:0000300 a medical intervention site that is used for injection of a substance. YH, SS, ZX injection site ready for release pending final vetting axiom holds for all times Vision Release: 1.0.08 NDF-RT2 Public NDF-RT2 [Public Edition] C264 Display_Name C12847068852884 FDA_UNII C98 Level C176 MeSH_CUI C134 MeSH_DUI C142 MeSH_Definition C287 MeSH_Name C10490107818172 NUI C818 RxNorm_CUI C819 RxNorm_Name C28502475289736 SNOMED_CID C27489601424203 Status C136 Synonym C140 UMLS_CUI C262721 VANDF_Record C262777 VUID AHC0 true has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime has_part BFO:0000051 uberon has_part has_part has part has part preceded by X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 is preceded by takes place after uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded_by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer cjm 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior_to x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:0000097 uberon distal_to distal_to distal_to x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal_to x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal_to uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior_to x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:0000100 uberon proximal_to proximal_to proximal_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral_to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 uberon deep_to deep_to deep_to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial_to X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 uberon in_left_side_of in_left_side_of in_left_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 uberon in_right_side_of in_right_side_of in_right_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 uberon in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y BSPO:0001108 uberon distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of An electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE is_evidence_of arrhythmia AE; arrhythmia AE is_evidence_of cardiomyopathy AE; fever AE is_evidence_of inflammation AE; fever AE is_evidence_of viral infection AE; plural effusion AE is_evidence_of cardiac disorder AE. AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 if and only if: given an adverse event instance ae1 that instantiates class AE1 (e.g., electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE) and another adverse event instance ae2 that instantiates class AE2 (e.g., arrhythmia AE), both ae1 and ae2 are adverse events that are clinically observed after a medical intervention (at time t0) on the same patient. The presence of ae1 is supported by priori knowledge of medicine to imply the presence of ae2 with some probability P (P is NOT always 1, thus transitivity does not apply to is_evidence_of relation. AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 and AE2 is_evidence_of AE3 DOES NOT imply AE1 is_evidence_of AE3). The instance ae1 and ae2 are observed or detected at time t1 and t2, respectively. The biological onset time for ae1 or ae2 may occur before t1 or t2. The t1 and t2 can be the same time point or different time points. This represents a relation between two adverse events AE1 and AE2. However, AE1 may be an evidence of another adverse event AE3, and a dfferent adverse event AE4 may also be an evidence of the same AE2. SS, YH, YL is evidence of An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased. an object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality. This is a shortcut relation of the following full version: 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' ) in: process 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' some quality) Yongqun He has participant quality a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in. Yongqun He adverse event occurs in RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location_of RO:0001025 uberon located_in located_in located_in RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_boundary has boundary RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 directly preceded by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately_preceded_by RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous_with continuous_with Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to Connection does not imply overlaps. connected to Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. FMA:86003 RO:0002178 arterial supply of uberon supplies supplies source: FMA supplies x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded_by x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary RO:0002220 uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent_to inverse of surrounded_by RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by RO:0002224 uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. RO:0002229 finishes uberon ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) developmentally_induced_by RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y UBREL:0000002 RO:0002473 uberon composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. BFO:0000068 RO:0002488 begins_to_exist_during uberon existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. BFO:0000069 RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon existence_ends_during existence_ends_during existence ends during Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with existence ends with RO:0002494 transforms from uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after existence starts during or after RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before existence ends during or before A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. RO:0002551 uberon has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal_space_of luminal space of RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton_of skeleton of RO:0003000 uberon produces produces produces RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced_by produced_by Product version Darrell R. Abernethy Elizabeth Blair Izabela Birsanescu Keith Burkhart Luca Toldo Mathias Brochhausen Sydni Joubran "Asiyah" Yu Lin Abra Guo Barry Smith Bingjian Yang Desikan Jagannathan Edison Ong Jiangan Xie Kelly Yang Kevin Mo Liwei Wang Meiu Wong Noemi Garg Qingping Liu Rebecca Racz Shelley Zhang Sirarat Sarntivijai Sydni Joubran Yongqun "Oliver" He (YH) Zuoshuang "Allen" Xiang 2017-05-06 The Ontology of Adverse Eventsy (OAE) is a biomedical ontology in the domain of adverse events. OAE aims to standardize adverse event annotation, integrate various adverse event data, and support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE is a community-based ontology. Its development follows the OBO Foundry principles. Vaccine adverse events have been used as an initial testing use case. OAE also studies adverse events associated with the administration of drug and nutritional products, the operation of surgeries, and the usage of medical devices, etc. OWL-DL An ontology for the annotation of the adverse event domain. OAE: Ontology of Adverse Events Vision Release; 1.1.355 Edison Ong Hong Yu Noemi Garg Solomiya Nysak Yongqun "Oliver" He 2019-01-12 ODAE is a biomedical ontology in the area of drug adverse events. It is developed by following OBO Foundry principles (e.g., openness, collaboration). OWL-DL A biomedical ontology in the domain of drug adverse events ODAE: Ontology of Drug Adverse Events Vision Release: 1.0.08 x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. uberon anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to carries uberon channel_for channel for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. uberon conduit_for conduit for x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. uberon distally_connected_to distally connected to uberon evolved_from Status: experimental evolved_from uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence starts and ends during uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to uberon protects protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. uberon proximally_connected_to proximally connected to uberon subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of