The Ontology for Nutritional Studies (ONS) has been developed as part of the ENPADASI European project (http://www.enpadasi.eu/) with the aim to define a common language and building ontologies for nutritional studies. ENPADASI_WP4 ONS 2024-07-03 editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative label alternative term A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative label alternative term alternative term alternative_term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source definition_source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg ontology term requester imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg term replaced by term replaced by term_mapping_to_UMLS term_mapping_to_NCIT NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC). NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term Super-property collecting all annotation properties assigning classes in ONS to specific subset (i.e. Metadata search). For each subset, there will be an annotation property. To assign a class to a subset, set the annotation property value to "TRUE" in subset of ONS Annotation properties assigning a class to the ONS-subset of metadata search classes. Set value to "TRUE" to assign a class. in minimal requirement ONS subset A metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family) has_rank The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source An account of the content of the resource. dcterms:description http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/MESH_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from MESH http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/MSH_definition_citation is an annotation property that is drawn from MSH A definition citation is a document, ontology class, person or organization from which the definition of the class is derived. It is used in the same sense as a citation in literature, in that the definition may have been derived from these sources or that this definition is related to these source. An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has exact synonym has_exact_synonym An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym has synonym label label label label is part of a core relation that holds between a part and its whole part of part of realized in realized in preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. preceded by has measurement unit label m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q is quality measurement of relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process is duration of inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of is quality measured as provides_service_consumer_with The provides_service_consumer_with relation links the service to its primary process it provides for the consumer (as opposed to secondary processual parts of a service process such as payment or documentation). For example, a 'DNA sequencing service' provides_service_consumer_with 'DNA sequencing' as the essential process performed by the provider for the client. A relation between a service and the primary processual part of the service that is performed by the provider for the consumer. provides_service_consumer_with is_supported_by_data The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI Philly 2011 workshop is_supported_by_data is_specified_input_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_input_of is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_output_of is_proxy_for A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within an experiment/ protocol application, measurement of c1 is used to determine what a measurement of c2 would be. is_proxy_for achieves_planned_objective This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. PPPB branch derived achieves_planned_objective has grain the relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car. Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. Definition take from the definition of granular parthood in the cited paper. Needs work to put into standard form PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PAPER: Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Rector, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 has grain is grain of A relation between granular parts and the whole of which they are a part. Granular parts have indeterminate number such that removing one granular part does not necessarily damage or diminish the whole. Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 is grain of objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI objective_achieved_by is member of organization Relating a legal person or organization to an organization in the case where the legal person or organization has a role as member of the organization. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Helen Parkinson is member of organization has organization member Relating an organization to a legal person or organization. has organization member specifies value of A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. specifies value of has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification has performer A relation between a planned process and a continuant where the continuant can be a person, organization or device (such as a robot controlled by software workflow management system) that performs the planned process. OBI has performer process is result of is a relationship between a process and a preceding occurrent that directly caused the later one to occur process is result of A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence function of a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence quality of a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence role of a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives into is location of a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location location of located in a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location located in immediately preceded by x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. in taxon w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x surrounded by x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. adjacent to q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. characteristic of part of A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. SIO member of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. causally upstream of or within An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts. biotically interacts with p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on causal relation between entities causally influenced by A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute. has modifier participates in a biotic-biotic interaction with A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process is related to has measurement value has specified numeric value A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it. OBI has specified numeric value has specified value A relation between a value specification and a literal. OBI has specified value edamontology:operation_0004 beta12orEarlier Operation A function that processes a set of inputs and results in a set of outputs, or associates arguments (inputs) with values (outputs). Function A function that processes a set of inputs and results in a set of outputs, or associates arguments (inputs) with values (outputs). Computational method Computational operation Computational procedure Computational subroutine Function (programming) Lambda abstraction Mathematical function Mathematical operation Computational tool Process sumo:Function Operation edamontology:operation_0224 beta12orEarlier Query and retrieval Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation. Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation. Database retrieval Query Query and retrieval edamontology:operation_0305 beta12orEarlier Literature search Query scientific literature, in search for articles, article data, concepts, named entities, or for statistics. Query scientific literature, in search for articles, article data, concepts, named entities, or for statistics. Literature search edamontology:operation_2421 beta12orEarlier Database search Search a database (or other data resource) with a supplied query and retrieve entries (or parts of entries) that are similar to the query. Search a database (or other data resource) with a supplied query and retrieve entries (or parts of entries) that are similar to the query. Search Database search edamontology:topic_0121 beta12orEarlier true Proteomics Protein and peptide identification, especially in the study of whole proteomes of organisms. true Protein and peptide identification, especially in the study of whole proteomes of organisms. Metaproteomics Peptide identification Protein and peptide identification Proteomics edamontology:topic_0622 beta12orEarlier true Genomics Whole genomes of one or more organisms, or genomes in general, such as meta-information on genomes, genome projects, gene names etc. true Whole genomes of one or more organisms, or genomes in general, such as meta-information on genomes, genome projects, gene names etc. Personal genomics Genomics edamontology:topic_3172 1.1 true Metabolomics The systematic study of metabolites, the chemical processes they are involved, and the chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in a whole cell, tissue, organ or organism. true The systematic study of metabolites, the chemical processes they are involved, and the chemical fingerprints of specific cellular processes in a whole cell, tissue, organ or organism. Metabolomics edamontology:topic_3174 1.1 true Metagenomics The study of genetic material recovered from environmental samples, and associated environmental data. Community genomics Ecogenomics Environmental genomics Environmental omics The study of genetic material recovered from environmental samples, and associated environmental data. Biome sequencing Environmental sequencing Shotgun metagenomics Metagenomics edamontology:topic_3308 1.3 true Transcriptomics The analysis of transcriptomes, or a set of all the RNA molecules in a specific cell, tissue etc. true The analysis of transcriptomes, or a set of all the RNA molecules in a specific cell, tissue etc. Comparative transcriptomics Metatranscriptomics Transcriptome Transcriptomics Examples of interventions are putting health warnings on cigarette packets, providing free stop smoking services and banning smoking in public places. A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome. intervention Oral consumption behaviour that involves swallowing a liquid material. 2024-05-03T01:01:39Z drinking Oral consumption behaviour that involves chewing and swallowing some solid components 2024-05-03T00:57:04Z eating BFO:0000006 spatial region BFO:0000015 An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process process BFO:0000016 disposition disposition BFO:0000017 A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable realizable entity BFO:0000019 quality BFO:0000020 specifically dependent continuant A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) characteristic material property specifically dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant https://github.com/OBOFoundry/COB/issues/65 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/284 BFO:0000023 A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role BFO:0000024 fiat object part BFO:0000027 ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. object aggregate BFO:0000029 site BFO:0000030 object BFO:0000034 function BFO:0000040 material entity An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity material entity BFO:0000141 immaterial entity BFO:0000145 b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) relational quality BFO:0000182 history CDNO:0500001 A biological role that may be assigned to a dietary chemical component based on evidence that supports a role defined at the levels of molecular interaction, cellular process or physiological role. human dietary role CHEBI:15693 Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. aldose CHEBI:15986 A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. polynucleotide CHEBI:16646 Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. carbohydrate CHEBI:16670 Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. peptide CHEBI:16991 High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms. deoxyribonucleic acid CHEBI:17234 An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. glucose CHEBI:17716 CHEBI:18059 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. lipid CHEBI:18133 Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). hexose CHEBI:23367 Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity CHEBI:24431 A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity CHEBI:24432 A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological role CHEBI:24532 A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. organic heterocyclic compound CHEBI:24651 Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides CHEBI:24833 A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid CHEBI:25367 Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule CHEBI:25384 An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. monocarboxylic acid CHEBI:25413 Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment. monounsaturated fatty acid CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity CHEBI:26208 Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome. polyunsaturated fatty acid CHEBI:26607 Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. saturated fatty acid CHEBI:27208 Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond. unsaturated fatty acid CHEBI:32988 An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. amide CHEBI:33250 A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom CHEBI:33256 A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide CHEBI:33285 A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entity CHEBI:33302 A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity CHEBI:33304 Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity CHEBI:33575 A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. carboxylic acid CHEBI:33579 A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group molecular entity CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity CHEBI:33595 Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compound CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity CHEBI:33655 A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compound CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound CHEBI:33674 An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity CHEBI:33675 A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block molecular entity CHEBI:33694 A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biomacromolecule CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule CHEBI:33696 A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acid CHEBI:33697 High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. ribonucleic acid CHEBI:33832 Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. organic cyclic compound CHEBI:33833 A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarene CHEBI:33839 A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. macromolecule CHEBI:33917 A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. aldohexose CHEBI:35352 Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compound CHEBI:35366 Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids. fatty acid CHEBI:35381 Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. monosaccharide CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid CHEBI:36080 A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. protein CHEBI:36357 Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entity CHEBI:36586 Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compound CHEBI:36587 Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. organic oxo compound CHEBI:36962 An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound CHEBI:36963 An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound CHEBI:37577 A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. heteroatomic molecular entity CHEBI:37622 An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. carboxamide CHEBI:50047 A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. organic amino compound CHEBI:50860 Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic molecular entity CHEBI:50906 A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity CHEBI:52211 physiological role CHEBI:5686 A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. heterocyclic compound CHEBI:61120 Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. nucleobase-containing molecular entity CHEBI:64709 Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid CHEBI:72695 Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. organic molecule CHEBI:78295 A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. food component CHEBI:78616 Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives CL:0000000 A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. cell CL:0000010 A cell in vitro that is or has been maintained or propagated as part of a cell culture. cultured cell CL:0000578 A cell in vitro that has undergone physical changes as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure. experimentally modified cell in vitro CMO:0000000 A quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation. clinical measurement CMO:0000011 Morphological measurement involving the entire body of an organism. whole body morphological measurement CMO:0000012 The heaviness or degree to which an entire organism's body is drawn to the earth by gravity. body weight body weight CMO:0000021 Measurement of the structure or forms of the entire body or parts of the body of an organism. body weights and measures body morphological measurement CMO:0000022 calculated body morphological measurement CMO:0000023 A quantification of a parameter of the chemical composition of blood. blood chemistry measurement CMO:0000028 Any measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood. blood protein measurement total blood protein measurement blood protein measurement CMO:0000035 A measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood. hematological measurement blood measurement CMO:0000039 The level of steroids found in a specific volume of blood. blood steroid level CMO:0000050 Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a blood-derived lipid, any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds found in blood that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure. lipid measurement blood lipid measurement CMO:0000051 Measurement of the entire amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. total cholesterol measurement blood total cholesterol level CMO:0000052 Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The HDL class of lipoproteins, specifically the subtypes of HDL2 and HDL3, have densities between 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml. blood HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level CMO:0000053 Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The LDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 1.019 and 1.063 g/ml. In some animal species, such as canine and rodents, this may overlap with the HDL1 class and be designated LDL/HDL1. low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level CMO:0000105 A measurement relating body weight to height in an organism; typically calculated as the weight of an individual divided by the height of that individual squared. For quadrupeds, the square of body height is often replaced by the square of body length. true body mass index body mass index (BMI) CMO:0000119 The amount of lipoproteins, any of a group of conjugated proteins that have at least one lipid component, in a specific volume of blood. blood lipoprotein level CMO:0000426 The quantification of any morphological or physiological parameter related to intake or ingestion, especially of food or drink, or a value resulting from such a quantification. consumption measurement CMO:0000455 Amount of drink, that is, a liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., consumed per unit time. drink intake rate CMO:0000771 The quantification of any parameter related to the process whereby drink, any liquid that is brought into the mouth and swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc., is taken in for utilization by the body. beverage consumption measurement drink intake measurement CMO:0000772 The quantification of any parameter related to the process whereby food (i.e. material, usually of plant or animal origin, that contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and/or minerals and that is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life) is taken in for utilization by the body. food intake measurement CMO:0001196 calculated body weight measurement CMO:0001407 The amount of ethanol, a colorless volatile flammable liquid CH3CH2OH that is the intoxicating agent in liquors, consumed per unit time. ethanol drink intake rate CMO:0002048 The amount of sterol, any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group, in a specified sample of blood. blood sterol level CMO:0002280 The amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, in a specified sample of blood. Cholesterol in the blood is generally associated with various lipoproteins. blood cholesterol level CMO:0002690 A value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a blood-derived lipoprotein, any of a class of complex molecules found in blood that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. blood lipoprotein measurement CMO:0002696 Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in lipoprotein molecules in a specified volume of blood. Lipoprotein particles are complexes that consist of protein surrounding a core of lipids. blood lipoprotein cholesterol level COB:0000120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000015 Pier 'representational entity' This captures: pattern of writing in a book; neural state in the brain, electronic charges in computer memory etc information representation ERO:0001765 A physiological assay of the human body that uses such tools as body mass index, basal metabolic rate, bioelectrical impedance, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, along with measurements of skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference, to assess the structure, form, and composition of the body for purposes of comparison. PERSON: Nicole Vasilevsky http://www.answers.com/topic/anthropometric-analysis true anthropometric analysis FOODON:00001002 Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food food product FOODON:00001006 A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. mammalian meat food product FOODON:00001015 This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product FOODON:00001018 cheese starter culture food product FOODON:00001046 A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. animal seafood product FOODON:00001092 A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. vertebrate animal food product FOODON:00001105 A food product made from an avian egg. avian egg food product FOODON:00001132 Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars. In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae swine food product FOODON:00001134 bovine meat food product FOODON:00001143 A food product consisting of an edible fungi or mushroom or yeast. fungus food product FOODON:00001176 invertebrate animal food product FOODON:00001180 Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. prepared food product FOODON:00001184 This food product type includes food products which are derived from a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms. algal food product FOODON:00001243 animal lipid food product FOODON:00001248 A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). fish food product FOODON:00001251 A food product that is derived from some avian. avian food product FOODON:00001256 A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. dairy product milk product dairy food product FOODON:00001257 milk or milk based food product FOODON:00001274 A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. egg food product FOODON:00001595 animal based refined or partially-refined food product FOODON:00001596 A salad food product with a prominent animal meat ingredient. animal based salad food product FOODON:00001599 animal fat or oil refined food product FOODON:00001602 animal product based flavoring or seasoning FOODON:00001608 animal soup food product FOODON:00001714 A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. food product component FOODON:00001857 food flavoring or seasoning product FOODON:00001958 human milk based food product FOODON:00002196 refined or partially-refined food product FOODON:00002200 amphibian or reptile food product FOODON:00002219 salad food product FOODON:00002257 soup food product FOODON:00002381 A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. food product by organism FOODON:00002403 Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance food material FOODON:00002451 requires discussion A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product food transformation process FOODON:00002454 Food material which has been categorized by a characteristic such as granularity or temperature. food material by characteristic FOODON:00002477 Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food. The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world. In some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licences required, as either "small game" or "large game" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_(hunting) game animal food product FOODON:00002501 A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. multi-component food product FOODON:00002664 A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil fats and oils oils and fats lipid food product FOODON:00002671 animal meat food product FOODON:00003004 A whole animal. animal FOODON:00003194 A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine vegetarian food vegetarian food product FOODON:00004081 A plan specification for making a food product, which may have ingredient, device, action and objective specifications. food recipe FOODON:00004242 A food product that is derived from some animal. animal food product FOODON:02010001 Material which is produced by an animal. animal substance FOODON:02010012 Milk which is produced by animal lactation. animal milk FOODON:02010013 Raw animal milk. animal milk (raw) FOODON:03302001 animal-derived food FOODON:03303918 Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk human milk (raw) FOODON:03311126 A food product that has not been cooked. food (raw) FOODON:03311737 processed food product FOODON:03315150 mammalian milk product FOODON:03411134 Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal mammal FOODON:03411297 A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. vertebrate animal FOODON:03411564 This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups. organism by alternate grouping FOODON:03411624 amphibian FOODON:03420116 Anatomical or other part(s) or substances derived from plant or animal or fungal organisms. organism material FOODON:03420164 A material that derives from some animal. animal material FOODON:03420190 Food substance or component consisting predominantly of mixed glycerol esters of fatty acids and, in far lesser amounts, of fatty acids, sterols and pigments. A fat is a solid at room temperature, an oil is a liquid at room temperature (20 degrees C.). Excludes essential oils. fat or oil FOODON:03420228 A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed. extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal FOODON:03430130 A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*. food (liquid) FOODON:03470107 The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated. food preservation process GO:0000003 OBSOLETE. The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GO:0022414 reproductive physiological process obsolete reproduction true GO:0003008 A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process system process GO:0003674 A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. molecular function molecular_function GO:0003824 Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. enzyme activity catalytic activity GO:0003872 Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. 6-phosphofructokinase reduction 6-phosphofructokinase activity GO:0004332 Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate. fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity GO:0004347 Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate. glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity GO:0004365 Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity GO:0004457 Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate. lactate dehydrogenase activity GO:0004553 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond. O-glucosyl hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds GO:0004565 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. beta-galactosidase activity GO:0004618 Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+. phosphoglycerate kinase activity GO:0004619 Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate. PGM phosphoglycerate mutase activity GO:0004634 Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O. 2-phospho-D-glycerate-hydrolase activity phosphopyruvate hydratase activity GO:0004807 Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate. triose-phosphate isomerase activity GO:0005975 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. carbohydrate metabolism carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0005996 The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. monosaccharide metabolism monosaccharide metabolic process GO:0006006 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. cellular glucose metabolic process glucose metabolism glucose metabolic process GO:0006007 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. glucose breakdown glucose catabolism glucose degradation glucose catabolic process GO:0006082 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid metabolism organic acid metabolic process GO:0006089 The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid. 2-hydroxypropanoate metabolic process 2-hydroxypropanoate metabolism alpha-hydroxypropionate metabolic process alpha-hydroxypropionate metabolism lactate metabolism lactate metabolic process GO:0006090 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. pyruvate metabolism pyruvate metabolic process GO:0006091 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. generation of precursor metabolites and energy GO:0006096 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. glycolytic process GO:0006113 The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, coupling the oxidation and reduction of NAD/H and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). fermentation GO:0006139 Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process GO:0006163 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine nucleotide metabolism purine nucleotide metabolic process GO:0006165 OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate. obsolete nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation true GO:0006195 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine nucleotide breakdown purine nucleotide catabolism purine nucleotide degradation purine nucleotide catabolic process GO:0006725 OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. GO:0008152 obsolete cellular aromatic compound metabolic process true GO:0006734 The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. NAD (reduced) metabolic process NAD (reduced) metabolism NADH metabolism reduced NAD metabolic process reduced NAD metabolism reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism NADH metabolic process GO:0006735 A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+. NAD (reduced) regeneration reduced NAD regeneration reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regeneration NADH regeneration GO:0006753 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside. nucleoside phosphate metabolism nucleoside phosphate metabolic process GO:0006757 OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group into ADP, adenosine diphosphate, to produce ATP. ADP phosphorylation obsolete ATP generation from ADP true GO:0006793 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus. phosphorus metabolism phosphorus metabolic process GO:0006796 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. phosphate metabolism phosphate-containing compound metabolic process GO:0006807 OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. GO:0008152 obsolete nitrogen compound metabolic process true GO:0007586 The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. digestion GO:0007610 The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus behavior GO:0007631 Behavior associated with the intake of food. behavioral response to food behavioural response to food feeding behaviour feeding behavior GO:0008150 biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. biological process physiological process biological_process GO:0008152 The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. metabolism metabolic process GO:0008443 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a phosphofructose substrate molecule. phosphofructokinase activity GO:0009056 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. breakdown catabolism degradation catabolic process GO:0009058 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. anabolism biosynthesis synthesis biosynthetic process GO:0009117 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). nucleotide metabolism nucleotide metabolic process GO:0009132 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside diphosphate metabolism nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process GO:0009134 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside diphosphate breakdown nucleoside diphosphate catabolism nucleoside diphosphate degradation nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process GO:0009135 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process GO:0009137 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside diphosphate breakdown purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolism purine nucleoside diphosphate degradation purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process GO:0009141 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside triphosphate metabolism nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009144 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009150 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine ribonucleotide metabolism purine ribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009154 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine ribonucleotide breakdown purine ribonucleotide catabolism purine ribonucleotide degradation purine ribonucleotide catabolic process GO:0009166 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). nucleotide breakdown nucleotide catabolism nucleotide degradation nucleotide catabolic process GO:0009179 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process GO:0009181 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism purine ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process GO:0009185 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process GO:0009191 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process GO:0009199 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009205 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009259 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. ribonucleotide metabolism ribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009261 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. ribonucleotide breakdown ribonucleotide catabolism ribonucleotide degradation ribonucleotide catabolic process GO:0009987 Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. cell physiology cellular physiological process cellular process GO:0015925 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of galactosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of galactose or a galactose derivative. galactosidase activity GO:0015980 The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. chemoorganotrophy energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds GO:0016052 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. carbohydrate breakdown carbohydrate catabolism carbohydrate degradation catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process catabolic carbohydrate metabolism carbohydrate catabolic process GO:0016053 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid anabolism organic acid biosynthesis organic acid formation organic acid synthesis organic acid biosynthetic process GO:0016301 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. phosphokinase activity kinase activity GO:0016310 The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. phosphorylation GO:0016491 Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. redox activity oxidoreductase activity GO:0016614 Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor. oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors GO:0016620 Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP. oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor GO:0016740 Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase activity GO:0016772 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups GO:0016773 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor). phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor GO:0016774 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor). phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor GO:0016787 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. hydrolase activity GO:0016798 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond. glycosidase activity hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds GO:0016829 Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. lyase activity GO:0016830 Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. carbon-carbon lyase activity GO:0016832 Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone. aldehyde-lyase activity GO:0016835 Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond. carbon-oxygen lyase activity GO:0016836 Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water. hydro-lyase activity GO:0016853 Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5. isomerase activity GO:0016860 Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears. intramolecular isomerase activity intramolecular oxidoreductase activity GO:0016861 Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears. intramolecular isomerase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses GO:0016866 Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule. mutase activity intramolecular transferase activity GO:0016868 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule. intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases phosphomutase activity phosphotransferase activity, with regeneration of donors, apparently catalyzing intramolecular transfers intramolecular phosphotransferase activity GO:0016903 Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor. oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors GO:0019200 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule. carbohydrate kinase activity GO:0019244 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate. lactate anabolism from pyruvate lactate formation from pyruvate lactate synthesis from pyruvate pyruvate fermentation to lactate lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate GO:0019249 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid. lactate anabolism lactate biosynthesis lactate formation lactate synthesis lactate biosynthetic process GO:0019318 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. hexose metabolism hexose metabolic process GO:0019320 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. hexose breakdown hexose catabolism hexose degradation hexose catabolic process GO:0019362 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. pyridine nucleotide metabolism pyridine nucleotide metabolic process GO:0019364 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. pyridine nucleotide breakdown pyridine nucleotide catabolism pyridine nucleotide degradation pyridine nucleotide catabolic process GO:0019637 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. organophosphate metabolism organophosphate metabolic process GO:0019659 The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). glucose fermentation to lactate lactate fermentation glucose catabolic process to lactate GO:0019660 Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway. glycolytic fermentation GO:0019661 The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate homofermentation homofermentative lactate fermentation homofermentative pathway homolactate fermentation homolactic fermentation glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate GO:0019674 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. NAD (oxidized) metabolic process NAD (oxidized) metabolism NAD metabolism nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism oxidized NAD metabolic process oxidized NAD metabolism oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism NAD metabolic process GO:0019677 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. NAD (oxidized) catabolic process NAD (oxidized) catabolism NAD (reduced) catabolic process NAD (reduced) catabolism NAD breakdown NAD catabolism NAD degradation NADH catabolic process NADH catabolism nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism oxidized NAD catabolic process oxidized NAD catabolism oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism reduced NAD catabolic process reduced NAD catabolism reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism NAD catabolic process GO:0019693 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. ribose phosphate metabolism ribose phosphate metabolic process GO:0019752 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). carboxylic acid metabolism carboxylic acid metabolic process GO:0022600 A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. digestive system process GO:0030097 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. blood cell biosynthesis blood cell formation haemopoiesis hematopoiesis hemopoiesis GO:0032501 Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. organismal physiological process multicellular organismal process GO:0032502 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. developmental process GO:0032787 The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). monocarboxylate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolism monocarboxylic acid metabolic process GO:0034641 OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. GO:0008152 cellular nitrogen compound metabolism obsolete cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process true GO:0034655 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process GO:0042755 The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. eating behaviour eating behavior GO:0042756 The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. drinking behaviour drinking behavior GO:0043436 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). keto acid metabolic process keto acid metabolism ketoacid metabolic process ketoacid metabolism oxo acid metabolic process oxo acid metabolism oxoacid metabolism oxoacid metabolic process GO:0043891 Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) (phosphorylating) triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity GO:0044237 The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. cellular metabolism cellular metabolic process GO:0044238 The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. primary metabolism primary metabolic process GO:0044249 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular anabolism cellular biosynthesis cellular formation cellular synthesis cellular biosynthetic process GO:0044281 The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. small molecule metabolism small molecule metabolic process GO:0044282 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. small molecule catabolism small molecule catabolic process GO:0044283 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. small molecule biosynthesis small molecule biosynthetic process GO:0046031 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. ADP metabolism ADP metabolic process GO:0046032 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. ADP breakdown ADP catabolism ADP degradation ADP catabolic process GO:0046034 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. ATP metabolism ATP metabolic process GO:0046365 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. monosaccharide breakdown monosaccharide catabolism monosaccharide degradation monosaccharide catabolic process GO:0046394 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. carboxylic acid anabolism carboxylic acid biosynthesis carboxylic acid formation carboxylic acid synthesis carboxylic acid biosynthetic process GO:0046434 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. organophosphate breakdown organophosphate catabolism organophosphate degradation organophosphate catabolic process GO:0046483 OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). GO:0008152 obsolete heterocycle metabolic process true GO:0046496 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide. nicotinamide nucleotide metabolism nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process GO:0046939 OBSOLETE. The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside. obsolete nucleotide phosphorylation true GO:0048468 The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place. cell development GO:0048856 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. development of an anatomical structure anatomical structure development GO:0048869 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. cellular developmental process GO:0050892 A process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine. intestinal absorption GO:0055086 The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process GO:0061615 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH. glycolysis through fructose-6-phosphate glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate GO:0061620 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, occurring through a glucose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate GO:0061621 The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. canonical glycolysis GO:0061718 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate. glucose catabolism to pyruvate glucose catabolic process to pyruvate GO:0071704 The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. organic molecular entity metabolic process organic molecular entity metabolism organic substance metabolism organic substance metabolic process GO:0072330 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. monocarboxylic acid anabolism monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis monocarboxylic acid formation monocarboxylic acid synthesis monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process GO:0072521 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. purine and derivative metabolic process purine-containing compound metabolism purine-containing compound metabolic process GO:0072523 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. purine and derivative catabolic process purine-containing compound breakdown purine-containing compound catabolism purine-containing compound degradation purine-containing compound catabolic process GO:0072524 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. pyridine and derivative metabolic process pyridine-containing compound metabolism pyridine-containing compound metabolic process GO:0072526 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. pyridine and derivative catabolic process pyridine-containing compound breakdown pyridine-containing compound catabolism pyridine-containing compound degradation pyridine-containing compound catabolic process GO:1901135 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. carbohydrate derivative metabolism carbohydrate derivative metabolic process GO:1901136 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative. carbohydrate derivative breakdown carbohydrate derivative catabolism carbohydrate derivative degradation carbohydrate derivative catabolic process GO:1901292 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate. nucleoside phosphate breakdown nucleoside phosphate catabolism nucleoside phosphate degradation nucleoside phosphate catabolic process GO:1901360 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. organic cyclic compound metabolism organic cyclic compound metabolic process GO:1901361 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. organic cyclic compound breakdown organic cyclic compound catabolism organic cyclic compound degradation organic cyclic compound catabolic process GO:1901564 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. organonitrogen compound metabolism organonitrogen compound metabolic process GO:1901565 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound. organonitrogen compound breakdown organonitrogen compound catabolism organonitrogen compound degradation organonitrogen compound catabolic process GO:1901575 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. organic molecular entity catabolic process organic substance breakdown organic substance catabolism organic substance degradation organic substance catabolic process GO:1901576 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. organic molecular entity anabolism organic molecular entity biosynthesis organic molecular entity biosynthetic process organic molecular entity formation organic molecular entity synthesis organic substance anabolism organic substance biosynthesis organic substance formation organic substance synthesis organic substance biosynthetic process GO:1901615 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. organic hydroxy compound metabolism organic hydroxy compound metabolic process GO:1901617 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. organic hydroxy compound anabolism organic hydroxy compound biosynthesis organic hydroxy compound formation organic hydroxy compound synthesis organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process HP:0000118 A phenotypic abnormality. Organ abnormality Phenotypic abnormality HP:0000855 Increased resistance towards insulin, that is, diminished effectiveness of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels. Body fails to respond to insulin Insulin resistance HP:0001939 Laboratory abnormality Metabolism abnormality Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis HP:0002024 Impaired ability to absorb one or more nutrients from the intestine. Intestinal malabsorption Malabsorption Malabsorption HP:0002242 An abnormality of the intestine. The closely related term enteropathy is used to refer to any disease of the intestine. Abnormality of the intestine Enteropathy Abnormal intestine morphology HP:0003119 Any deviation from the normal concentration of a lipid in the blood circulation. Abnormal circulating lipid concentration HP:0004789 An inability to digest lactose. Lactose intolerance Milk intolerance Lactose intolerance HP:0011014 Abnormality of glucose homeostasis. Abnormal glucose homeostasis HP:0011024 An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormality of the GI tract Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract HP:0012337 An anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium. Abnormal homeostasis HP:0012718 Abnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal shape of the digestive system Morphological abnormality of the GI tract Morphological abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract Morphological anomaly of the digestive system Abnormal gastrointestinal tract morphology HP:0025031 Abnormality of the digestive system HP:0025032 A functional anomaly of the digestive system. Abnormality of digestive system physiology HP:0025033 A structural anomaly of the digestive system. Abnormality of digestive system morphology Abnormal digestive system morphology HP:0032180 An abnormal level of an analyte measured in the blood. Abnormal circulating metabolite concentration HP:0430071 Any deviation of the concentration of an orrganic compound from the normal range. An organic compound is defined as any compound that contains a carbon atom. Abnormal circulating organic compound concentration IAO:0000001 conditional specification A directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled. a directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled OBI branch derived OBI_0000349 conditional specification IAO:0000003 measurement unit label A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. measurement unit label IAO:0000005 objective specification A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 true objective specification IAO:0000007 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification IAO:0000009 datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label datum label IAO:0000013 journal article Examples are articles published in the journals, Nature and Science. The content can often be cited by reference to a paper based encoding, e.g. Authors, Title of article, Journal name, date or year of publication, volume and page number. A report that is published in a journal. a report that is published in a journal person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000159 group:OBI journal article IAO:0000027 data item An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data item IAO:0000028 symbol An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. based on Oxford English Dictionary symbol IAO:0000030 information content entity A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. OBI_0000142 Pier: 'data, information or knowledge'. OR 'representation information information content entity information entity IAO:0000032 A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. scalar measurement datum IAO:0000033 An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. directive information entity directive information entity IAO:0000038 graph A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. OBI_0000240 group:OBI graph IAO:0000055 rule A rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions. a rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions OBI_0500021 PRS rule IAO:0000064 algorithm A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. OBI_0000270 adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg) algorithm IAO:0000078 curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification IAO:0000088 report Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article. A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record). a document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record) 2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include (only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the whole sentence is deleted. 2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so. 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON:Chris Stoeckert GROUP: OBI OBI_0000099 report IAO:0000100 data set A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. OBI_0000042 group:OBI data set IAO:0000102 data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term data about an ontology part IAO:0000104 plan specification A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 plan specification plan specification IAO:0000109 measurement datum A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. OBI_0000305 group:OBI measurement datum IAO:0000129 version number A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. version number IAO:0000144 conclusion textual entity A textual entity that expresses the results of reasoning about a problem, for instance as typically found towards the end of scientific papers. conclusion textual entity IAO:0000300 textual entity A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. textual entity IAO:0000301 citation A textual entity intended to identify a particular publication. citation IAO:0000308 figure An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. figure IAO:0000309 diagram A figure that expresses one or more propositions diagram IAO:0000310 document A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole document IAO:0000311 publication A journal article or book A document that has been accepted by a publisher A document that is the output of a publishing process. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter true publication IAO:0000312 publication about an investigation Most scientific journal articles A publication that is about an investigation PERSON: Lawrence Hunter scientific publication publication about an investigation IAO:0000314 document part An information content entity that is part of a document. document part IAO:0000326 supplementary material to a document A part of a document that is segregated from the rest of the document due to its size supplementary material to a document IAO:0000416 A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval time measurement datum IAO:0000429 email address email address IAO:0000442 author role A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name. author role IAO:0000443 A planned process in which journal articles are read or processed and data items are extracted, typically for further analysis or indexing data item extraction from journal article IAO:0000572 A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it. wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting documenting IAO:0000574 A planned process in which a new CRID is created, associated with an entity, and stored in the CRID registry thereby registering it as being associated with some entity assigning a centrally registered identifier IAO:0000577 A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier symbol IAO:0000578 An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier IAO:0000579 A code set of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the code set through an assigning a centrally registered identifier process. Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier registry IAO:0000621 ethical approval textual entity A textual entity that documents the ethical approval of some study design. ethical approval textual entity IAO:0020000 identifier An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity. identifier IAO:0020015 An identifier referring to an individual entity that is ascribed personhood by the user of the identifier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name personal name IAO:0020020 An information content entity that is a collection of other information content entities that has been created to identify or annotate things in a specified domain, and where the intention of its creators is that the collection has a one-to-one correspondence with those things. code set IAO:0021007 A document that is intended to be the specified input in a document act. It has a plan specification as a part that specifies the intended socio-legal entities that are created through the document (objective specification) and the way in which the document act is to be performed (by signing, by stamping, etc.) (action specification). document act input document ICO:0000001 A document that explains all relevant information to assist a human being in understanding the expectations and requirements of participation in a process, and is an instrument in obtaining consent and, after having obtained consent, is a record that such a consent has occurred. A document that explains all relevant study information to assist a human subject in understanding the expectations and requirements of participation in a research study. This form document is presented to and signed by the study subject. The term definition is adapted from NCIt definition of 'consent form' (C16468) with modification. Compared to the NCIt definition, the ICO definition does not restrict the form to a clinical trial. AK, FM, YH, YL, MH, EE NCIt C16468 NCIt C16468 C0009797 C16468 informed consent form ICO:0000015 An informed consent form that has been signed by at least one participant. an informed consent form that has been signed by at least one participant. YH true signed informed consent form signed informed consent form ICO:0000069 A person who is the contact for questions about research. true contact person for questions about research MONDO:0000473 arterial disorder MONDO:0001933 endocrine pancreas disorder NCBITaxon:1003799 Scomberomorus plurilineatus NCBITaxon:1003871 Momordiceae NCBITaxon:1003875 Sicyoeae NCBITaxon:1003877 Benincaseae NCBITaxon:1003878 Cucurbiteae NCBITaxon:10059 Ondatra NCBITaxon:1005905 Solenocera membranacea NCBITaxon:10060 Ondatra zibethicus NCBITaxon:100775 Aequipecten NCBITaxon:100776 Aequipecten opercularis NCBITaxon:101007 Fragaria chiloensis NCBITaxon:101015 Fragaria virginiana NCBITaxon:1010633 Digitaria exilis NCBITaxon:1010791 Isacia NCBITaxon:1010792 Isacia conceptionis NCBITaxon:1016941 Oxynotus centrina NCBITaxon:101898 Vimba NCBITaxon:102210 Benincasa NCBITaxon:102211 Benincasa hispida NCBITaxon:10239 Viruses NCBITaxon:102804 Asteroideae NCBITaxon:102810 Anthemideae NCBITaxon:102811 Calenduleae NCBITaxon:102814 Heliantheae NCBITaxon:102815 Eupatorieae NCBITaxon:102818 Cardueae NCBITaxon:102876 Eledone cirrhosa NCBITaxon:102976 Euphausia pacifica NCBITaxon:103349 Vitis rotundifolia NCBITaxon:103355 Vitis labrusca NCBITaxon:103373 Hoplobatrachus tigerinus NCBITaxon:103480 Castanea crenata NCBITaxon:103762 Zizania palustris NCBITaxon:103819 Mycteroperca NCBITaxon:103865 Odontesthes NCBITaxon:103980 Atherinopsinae NCBITaxon:1049369 Lactuca sativa var. capitata NCBITaxon:1051063 Doryteuthis NCBITaxon:1051067 Doryteuthis pealeii NCBITaxon:1051068 Doryteuthis pleii NCBITaxon:1053340 Cyperus esculentus NCBITaxon:105708 Hiatelloidea NCBITaxon:105709 Arcticoidea NCBITaxon:105710 Cardioidea NCBITaxon:106175 Microstomus kitt NCBITaxon:106218 Pectinida NCBITaxon:106219 Pectinoidea NCBITaxon:106220 Mytiloidea NCBITaxon:106221 Arcoidea NCBITaxon:106231 Mactroidea NCBITaxon:106232 Solenoidea NCBITaxon:106549 Malus baccata NCBITaxon:106559 Malus mandshurica NCBITaxon:106975 Opuntia NCBITaxon:107241 Beryx decadactylus NCBITaxon:107244 Lepidopus NCBITaxon:107245 Lepidopus caudatus NCBITaxon:107257 Chaceon NCBITaxon:107322 Coregonus peled NCBITaxon:1075419 Genypterus chilensis NCBITaxon:108326 Eriphiidae NCBITaxon:108881 Theobroma grandiflorum NCBITaxon:109096 Chaerophyllum bulbosum NCBITaxon:109170 Pachyrhizus NCBITaxon:109171 Pachyrhizus erosus NCBITaxon:109174 Haliotis asinina NCBITaxon:109272 Ambloplites NCBITaxon:109273 Ambloplites rupestris NCBITaxon:109628 Illex coindetii NCBITaxon:109629 Todaropsis NCBITaxon:109630 Todaropsis eblanae NCBITaxon:110071 Hoplobatrachus NCBITaxon:110284 Eleocharis dulcis NCBITaxon:110741 Diospyros digyna NCBITaxon:110835 Eragrostis tef NCBITaxon:110923 Jasus frontalis NCBITaxon:110924 Jasus paulensis NCBITaxon:110925 Jasus tristani NCBITaxon:1110379 Eriogonoideae NCBITaxon:1110380 Polygonoideae NCBITaxon:1110383 Fagopyreae NCBITaxon:1110386 Rumiceae NCBITaxon:1110592 Pseudolais micronemus NCBITaxon:1111164 Moolgarda NCBITaxon:1111464 Moolgarda engeli NCBITaxon:111520 Penaeoidea NCBITaxon:111783 Reinhardtius NCBITaxon:111784 Reinhardtius hippoglossoides NCBITaxon:111973 Columbina NCBITaxon:111974 Columbina passerina NCBITaxon:112230 Mustelus mustelus NCBITaxon:112232 Mustelus asterias NCBITaxon:1124584 Munididae NCBITaxon:112509 Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare NCBITaxon:112726 Polyprionidae NCBITaxon:112727 Polyprion NCBITaxon:112728 Polyprion americanus NCBITaxon:112818 Flacourtia NCBITaxon:112863 Lycium barbarum NCBITaxon:112883 Lycium chinense NCBITaxon:1129741 Chroicocephalus NCBITaxon:1141492 Sileneae NCBITaxon:114280 Cichorium endivia NCBITaxon:114289 Pseudopodospermum hispanicum NCBITaxon:114937 Prunus spinosa NCBITaxon:114957 Pharidae NCBITaxon:1149709 Arundinarieae NCBITaxon:115428 Pseudupeneus NCBITaxon:115429 Pseudupeneus prayensis NCBITaxon:115444 Attalea NCBITaxon:1154667 Urophycis brasiliensis NCBITaxon:115478 Hyphaene NCBITaxon:115479 Hyphaene thebaica NCBITaxon:115580 Palaemonoidea NCBITaxon:115583 Pandaloidea NCBITaxon:115585 Crangonoidea NCBITaxon:115587 Palinuroidea NCBITaxon:115588 Galatheoidea NCBITaxon:115715 Vigna subterranea NCBITaxon:115816 Mercenaria campechiensis NCBITaxon:1158979 Myliobatidae NCBITaxon:1158980 Mobulinae NCBITaxon:116172 Thecostraca NCBITaxon:116556 Sarsostraca NCBITaxon:116704 Eubrachyura NCBITaxon:116706 Heterotremata NCBITaxon:116707 Thoracotremata NCBITaxon:1170222 Abelmoschus moschatus NCBITaxon:117569 Hyperoartia NCBITaxon:117570 Teleostomi NCBITaxon:117571 Euteleostomi NCBITaxon:1176408 Cyrenoidea NCBITaxon:1176409 Cyrenidae NCBITaxon:1176516 Rosoideae incertae sedis NCBITaxon:117781 Apium graveolens Dulce Group NCBITaxon:117798 Aloe ferox NCBITaxon:117851 Myliobatiformes NCBITaxon:117853 Amblyraja NCBITaxon:117858 Dipturus NCBITaxon:117861 Leucoraja NCBITaxon:117866 Rostroraja NCBITaxon:117867 Arhynchobatidae NCBITaxon:117870 Bathyraja NCBITaxon:117887 Rhinopristiformes NCBITaxon:117893 Batoidea NCBITaxon:117914 Dalatiidae NCBITaxon:117915 Oxynotidae NCBITaxon:117916 Somniosidae NCBITaxon:117921 Etmopteridae NCBITaxon:117924 Centrophoridae NCBITaxon:117957 Vanilla pompona NCBITaxon:117982 Palaemon NCBITaxon:118015 Echinorhiniformes NCBITaxon:118040 Squalomorphii NCBITaxon:118162 Muraenesox bagio NCBITaxon:118175 Nettastomatidae NCBITaxon:1184124 Fragariinae NCBITaxon:1191378 Dicroglossinae NCBITaxon:119195 Galeoidea NCBITaxon:119197 Galeomorphii NCBITaxon:119203 Selachii NCBITaxon:119260 Cinnamomum aromaticum NCBITaxon:119261 Cinnamomum burmanni NCBITaxon:1192867 Chroicocephalus ridibundus NCBITaxon:119681 Archosargus NCBITaxon:119682 Archosargus probatocephalus NCBITaxon:119689 Etelinae NCBITaxon:119691 Lutjaninae NCBITaxon:119950 Eugenia NCBITaxon:119951 Eugenia uniflora NCBITaxon:120289 Psidium NCBITaxon:120290 Psidium guajava NCBITaxon:1203427 Rhombosolea leporina NCBITaxon:1203428 Rhombosolea plebeia NCBITaxon:120427 Ensis ensis NCBITaxon:1204434 Brassica rapa Broccoletto Group NCBITaxon:1204718 Lateolabracidae NCBITaxon:120490 Eupulmonata NCBITaxon:1206794 Ecdysozoa NCBITaxon:1206795 Lophotrochozoa NCBITaxon:1206913 Bembrops anatirostris NCBITaxon:1206914 Bembrops gobioides NCBITaxon:1208316 Hyporthodus NCBITaxon:121025 Arca imbricata NCBITaxon:121164 Pelophylax NCBITaxon:121175 Rana <subgenus> NCBITaxon:121236 Aquarana NCBITaxon:1213270 Pleoticus robustus NCBITaxon:1213707 Rhinobatos rhinobatos NCBITaxon:121770 Echinochloa esculenta NCBITaxon:122118 Prunus americana NCBITaxon:122119 Prunus angustifolia NCBITaxon:1224 Pseudomonadota NCBITaxon:1231846 Eugenia brasiliensis NCBITaxon:123357 Lampridacea NCBITaxon:123365 Neoteleostei NCBITaxon:123366 Eurypterygia NCBITaxon:123367 Ctenosquamata NCBITaxon:123368 Acanthomorphata NCBITaxon:123369 Euacanthomorphacea NCBITaxon:1235681 Glebocarcinus NCBITaxon:1235682 Glebocarcinus amphioetus NCBITaxon:123700 Atherininae NCBITaxon:123731 Belonoidei NCBITaxon:1239 Bacillota NCBITaxon:124128 Husinae NCBITaxon:124129 Acipenserinae NCBITaxon:124130 Acipenserini NCBITaxon:1243 Leuconostoc NCBITaxon:124778 Illicium verum NCBITaxon:1248172 Pleuroncodes planipes NCBITaxon:124942 Azadirachta NCBITaxon:124943 Azadirachta indica NCBITaxon:1266862 Ammodytes dubius NCBITaxon:1266879 Menticirrhus saxatilis NCBITaxon:126735 Esox masquinongy NCBITaxon:1268 Micrococcaceae NCBITaxon:126903 Physalis peruviana NCBITaxon:1276502 Paralichthys woolmani NCBITaxon:127826 Trachurus trecae NCBITaxon:128016 Dimocarpus NCBITaxon:128017 Dimocarpus longan NCBITaxon:128608 Cinnamomum verum NCBITaxon:1286125 Gymnachirus melas NCBITaxon:1286129 Mullus auratus NCBITaxon:129036 Belone NCBITaxon:129037 Belone belone NCBITaxon:129042 Cololabis NCBITaxon:129043 Cololabis saira NCBITaxon:129060 Scomberesox NCBITaxon:129061 Scomberesox saurus NCBITaxon:129062 Strongylura exilis NCBITaxon:129068 Strongylura marina NCBITaxon:1293356 Paspaleae NCBITaxon:1293359 Paspalinae NCBITaxon:1293360 Anthephorinae NCBITaxon:1293361 Cenchrinae NCBITaxon:1293363 Boivinellinae NCBITaxon:1293365 Panicinae NCBITaxon:1294634 Crocodylia NCBITaxon:1294636 Alligatoridae NCBITaxon:12952 Asimina NCBITaxon:12953 Asimina triloba NCBITaxon:129788 Ruditapes philippinarum NCBITaxon:1298654 Longirostres NCBITaxon:129912 Syngnathiformes NCBITaxon:1300 Streptococcaceae NCBITaxon:1300979 Nematalosa come NCBITaxon:1301 Streptococcus NCBITaxon:13028 Cynoscion NCBITaxon:13029 Cynoscion nebulosus NCBITaxon:130426 Allium chinense NCBITaxon:1307774 Atripliceae NCBITaxon:1307775 Anserineae NCBITaxon:1307796 Chenopodioideae NCBITaxon:1308838 Salsoloideae NCBITaxon:1308840 Salsoleae NCBITaxon:13095 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix NCBITaxon:13097 Illicium NCBITaxon:13100 Juniperus NCBITaxon:13105 Lepomis NCBITaxon:13106 Lepomis macrochirus NCBITaxon:131221 Streptophytina NCBITaxon:1312864 Crescentiina NCBITaxon:1312865 Tabebuia alliance NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms NCBITaxon:1315725 Oreochromini NCBITaxon:13215 Piper NCBITaxon:13224 Pomatoschistus NCBITaxon:13225 Pomatoschistus minutus NCBITaxon:1323583 Kali <eudicots> NCBITaxon:1329799 Archelosauria NCBITaxon:1329911 Toxicofera NCBITaxon:1329912 Episquamata NCBITaxon:1329950 Unidentata NCBITaxon:1329961 Bifurcata NCBITaxon:133204 Prunus virginiana NCBITaxon:13322 Acanthocybium NCBITaxon:13323 Acanthocybium solandri NCBITaxon:13336 Annona NCBITaxon:13337 Annona muricata NCBITaxon:13342 Arbutus NCBITaxon:13352 Auxis NCBITaxon:13353 Auxis thazard NCBITaxon:133551 Eleutherozoa NCBITaxon:13362 Borago NCBITaxon:13363 Borago officinalis NCBITaxon:1338369 Dipnotetrapodomorpha NCBITaxon:133889 Xiphopenaeus NCBITaxon:133890 Xiphopenaeus kroyeri NCBITaxon:133894 Penaeus NCBITaxon:13396 Carcharodon NCBITaxon:13397 Carcharodon carcharias NCBITaxon:13402 Carya NCBITaxon:13424 Chrysophyllum NCBITaxon:13426 Cichorium NCBITaxon:13427 Cichorium intybus NCBITaxon:13428 Cinnamomum NCBITaxon:134470 Stramonita NCBITaxon:134471 Stramonita haemastoma NCBITaxon:13450 Corylus NCBITaxon:13452 Corylus cornuta NCBITaxon:13453 Coryphaena NCBITaxon:134612 Lophioidei NCBITaxon:134615 Alepocephalidae NCBITaxon:134617 Alepocephalus NCBITaxon:134618 Alepocephalus bairdii NCBITaxon:13492 Diospyros NCBITaxon:13493 Diospyros virginiana NCBITaxon:134997 Panopea abrupta NCBITaxon:1350 Enterococcus NCBITaxon:135217 Congrinae NCBITaxon:135518 Ribes uva-crispa NCBITaxon:1357 Lactococcus NCBITaxon:13574 Istiophorus NCBITaxon:13575 Istiophorus platypterus NCBITaxon:135758 Maccullochella NCBITaxon:135761 Maccullochella peelii NCBITaxon:135764 Macquaria ambigua NCBITaxon:135775 Sillaginodes NCBITaxon:135776 Sillaginodes punctatus NCBITaxon:13580 Katsuwonus NCBITaxon:13586 Lepidocybium NCBITaxon:13587 Lepidocybium flavobrunneum NCBITaxon:136039 Spirinchus NCBITaxon:13675 Scomber NCBITaxon:13676 Scomber japonicus NCBITaxon:13677 Scomber scombrus NCBITaxon:13678 Scomberomorus NCBITaxon:13679 Scomberomorus cavalla NCBITaxon:13691 Sphyraena NCBITaxon:137220 Rheum officinale NCBITaxon:137221 Rheum palmatum NCBITaxon:13732 Trichiurus NCBITaxon:13733 Trichiurus lepturus NCBITaxon:13749 Vaccinium NCBITaxon:13750 Vaccinium macrocarpon NCBITaxon:137519 Hypomesus NCBITaxon:1385 Bacillales NCBITaxon:138526 Neptunia NCBITaxon:13893 Cocos NCBITaxon:13894 Cocos nucifera NCBITaxon:139271 Pinus subgen. Pinus NCBITaxon:139456 Penaeus chinensis NCBITaxon:140311 Prunus cerasus NCBITaxon:1412984 Brama dussumieri NCBITaxon:141541 Carissa carandas NCBITaxon:141886 Paralichthys lethostigma NCBITaxon:143308 Harpadontinae NCBITaxon:143309 Saurida NCBITaxon:143310 Synodontinae NCBITaxon:143315 Saurida undosquamis NCBITaxon:143346 Monacanthidae NCBITaxon:1437010 Boreoeutheria NCBITaxon:1437180 Acrogymnospermae NCBITaxon:1437183 Mesangiospermae NCBITaxon:1437197 Petrosaviidae NCBITaxon:1437201 Pentapetalae NCBITaxon:143895 Notacanthus chemnitzii NCBITaxon:143896 Notacanthiformes NCBITaxon:1442372 Eriphia smithii NCBITaxon:144561 Pyracantha NCBITaxon:1445963 Cycadidae NCBITaxon:1445964 Ginkgoidae NCBITaxon:1446379 Cupressales NCBITaxon:1446380 Pinales NCBITaxon:145123 Cantareus apertus NCBITaxon:145674 Borassus NCBITaxon:145700 Attalea speciosa NCBITaxon:1459830 Hoplunnis macrura NCBITaxon:1461175 Berberidoideae NCBITaxon:146139 Selar NCBITaxon:146143 Decapterus macarellus NCBITaxon:146144 Decapterus russelli NCBITaxon:146146 Selar crumenophthalmus NCBITaxon:1462606 Glycine subgen. Soja NCBITaxon:1462614 Papaveroideae NCBITaxon:1463138 Ranunculoideae NCBITaxon:1463144 Caltheae NCBITaxon:146480 Ammodytes marinus NCBITaxon:1465300 Diospyros sintenisii NCBITaxon:146765 Callinectes danae NCBITaxon:147271 Paspalum NCBITaxon:147366 Bambusoideae NCBITaxon:147367 Oryzoideae NCBITaxon:147368 Pooideae NCBITaxon:147369 Panicoideae NCBITaxon:147370 PACMAD clade NCBITaxon:147371 Chloridoideae NCBITaxon:147376 Bambuseae NCBITaxon:147380 Oryzeae NCBITaxon:147387 Poeae NCBITaxon:147389 Triticeae NCBITaxon:147428 Paniceae NCBITaxon:147429 Andropogoneae NCBITaxon:147435 Cynodonteae NCBITaxon:147436 Eragrostideae NCBITaxon:147537 Saccharomycotina NCBITaxon:1476529 Cyclostomata NCBITaxon:1478145 Glebionis NCBITaxon:147949 Micropterus dolomieu NCBITaxon:1484169 Ninnigobius NCBITaxon:148605 Trichodontidae NCBITaxon:148606 Arctoscopus NCBITaxon:148607 Arctoscopus japonicus NCBITaxon:1489100 Holostei NCBITaxon:1489340 Elopocephalai NCBITaxon:1489341 Osteoglossocephalai NCBITaxon:1489343 Osteoglossocephala NCBITaxon:1489345 Hiodontiformes NCBITaxon:1489388 Euteleosteomorpha NCBITaxon:1489460 Clupeoidei NCBITaxon:1489485 Alepocephali NCBITaxon:1489486 Alepocephaliformes NCBITaxon:1489487 Knerioidei NCBITaxon:1489793 Siluroidei NCBITaxon:1489798 Stomiati NCBITaxon:1489829 Aulopa NCBITaxon:1489830 Aulopoidei NCBITaxon:1489838 Paracanthopterygii NCBITaxon:1489841 Zeiogadaria NCBITaxon:1489842 Zeariae NCBITaxon:1489843 Gadariae NCBITaxon:1489844 Macrouroidei NCBITaxon:1489845 Gadoidei NCBITaxon:1489869 Berycimorphaceae NCBITaxon:1489872 Percomorphaceae NCBITaxon:1489873 Ophidiaria NCBITaxon:1489875 Gobiaria NCBITaxon:1489878 Gobiiformes NCBITaxon:1489883 Syngnathiaria NCBITaxon:1489885 Pelagiaria NCBITaxon:1489891 Mulloidea NCBITaxon:1489892 Anabantaria NCBITaxon:1489894 Scombriformes NCBITaxon:1489900 Anabantiformes NCBITaxon:1489904 Carangaria NCBITaxon:1489905 Carangaria incertae sedis NCBITaxon:1489906 Istiophoriformes NCBITaxon:1489907 Carangiformes NCBITaxon:1489908 Ovalentaria NCBITaxon:1489910 Cichlomorphae NCBITaxon:1489911 Cichliformes NCBITaxon:1489913 Atherinomorphae NCBITaxon:1489919 Mugilomorphae NCBITaxon:1489922 Eupercaria NCBITaxon:1489923 Eupercaria incertae sedis NCBITaxon:1489926 Uranoscopiformes NCBITaxon:1489928 Labriformes NCBITaxon:1489931 Spariformes NCBITaxon:1489935 Moloidei NCBITaxon:1489938 Terapontoidei NCBITaxon:1489939 Pempheriformes NCBITaxon:1489940 Centrarchiformes NCBITaxon:1489942 Bembropidae NCBITaxon:1489943 Serranoidei NCBITaxon:1489945 Triglioidei NCBITaxon:1490019 Anoplopomatales NCBITaxon:1490021 Cottales NCBITaxon:150421 Panulirus cygnus NCBITaxon:150425 Panulirus homarus NCBITaxon:150431 Panulirus ornatus NCBITaxon:150433 Panulirus penicillatus NCBITaxon:150435 Panulirus regius NCBITaxon:150436 Panulirus versicolor NCBITaxon:150492 Euphausia frigida NCBITaxon:1505891 Epinephelini NCBITaxon:15105 Xanthosoma NCBITaxon:151068 Litchi NCBITaxon:151069 Litchi chinensis NCBITaxon:151070 Nephelium NCBITaxon:151071 Nephelium lappaceum NCBITaxon:151233 Salsola NCBITaxon:151250 Kali turgidum NCBITaxon:1535325 Candida/Lodderomyces clade NCBITaxon:153620 Epinephelus morio NCBITaxon:1538097 Boraginales NCBITaxon:15451 Dendrocalamus NCBITaxon:154549 Lepidorhombus NCBITaxon:154550 Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis NCBITaxon:1545868 Cyttidae NCBITaxon:1545897 Centrarchoidei NCBITaxon:1545900 Cirrhitioidei NCBITaxon:1545901 Percichthyoidei NCBITaxon:1545920 Hexagrammales NCBITaxon:1548725 Serripes groenlandicus NCBITaxon:154953 Genypterus NCBITaxon:154954 Genypterus blacodes NCBITaxon:1549675 Galloanserae NCBITaxon:155067 Vimba vimba NCBITaxon:155124 Aspalathus linearis NCBITaxon:156091 Eriphia NCBITaxon:156092 Eriphia sebana NCBITaxon:156152 Plantaginaceae NCBITaxon:1563254 Apeibeae NCBITaxon:15747 Phyllostachys NCBITaxon:157791 Vigna radiata NCBITaxon:1578 Lactobacillus NCBITaxon:157914 Ziziphus mauritiana NCBITaxon:1579277 Mobula mobular NCBITaxon:1579283 Chelydroidea NCBITaxon:1579336 Americhelydia NCBITaxon:1579337 Durocryptodira NCBITaxon:1583283 Phyllanthoideae NCBITaxon:158333 Vanilloideae NCBITaxon:1585640 Percophinae NCBITaxon:1589884 Ferulinae NCBITaxon:1589896 Tordyliinae NCBITaxon:159053 Limonia acidissima NCBITaxon:159425 Passiflora incarnata NCBITaxon:15949 Zizania NCBITaxon:1602363 Cantareus NCBITaxon:160705 Cephalopholis fulva NCBITaxon:160712 Hyporthodus acanthistius NCBITaxon:160714 Epinephelus analogus NCBITaxon:160715 Epinephelus areolatus NCBITaxon:160718 Epinephelus fasciatus NCBITaxon:160721 Epinephelus itajara NCBITaxon:160727 Epinephelus striatus NCBITaxon:160730 Mycteroperca phenax NCBITaxon:160736 Mycteroperca venenosa NCBITaxon:160963 Acanthopagrus australis NCBITaxon:1609961 Chrysophylloideae NCBITaxon:1609962 Sapotoideae NCBITaxon:161923 Penaeus esculentus NCBITaxon:161924 Penaeus penicillatus NCBITaxon:161925 Penaeus latisulcatus NCBITaxon:161926 Penaeus plebejus NCBITaxon:161934 Beta vulgaris NCBITaxon:162300 Epinephelus malabaricus NCBITaxon:162743 Dialium guineense NCBITaxon:16300 Maranta NCBITaxon:163111 Molva NCBITaxon:163112 Molva molva NCBITaxon:163113 Phycidae NCBITaxon:163116 Raniceps NCBITaxon:163117 Raniceps raninus NCBITaxon:163122 Centrolophidae NCBITaxon:163125 Pampus NCBITaxon:163127 Arripidae NCBITaxon:163128 Arripis NCBITaxon:163129 Arripis georgianus NCBITaxon:163147 Girella NCBITaxon:163487 Mimoseae NCBITaxon:16360 Alismatales NCBITaxon:163722 Cicereae NCBITaxon:163724 Crotalarieae NCBITaxon:163725 Dalbergieae NCBITaxon:163730 Hedysareae NCBITaxon:163731 Indigofereae NCBITaxon:163735 Phaseoleae NCBITaxon:163737 Psoraleeae NCBITaxon:163742 Trifolieae NCBITaxon:163743 Fabeae NCBITaxon:163745 Dipterygeae NCBITaxon:1648003 Arundinariinae NCBITaxon:1648004 Bambusinae NCBITaxon:1648017 Hordeinae NCBITaxon:1648021 Oryzinae NCBITaxon:1648025 Rottboelliinae NCBITaxon:1648028 Sorghinae NCBITaxon:1648029 Tripsacinae NCBITaxon:1648030 Triticinae NCBITaxon:1648031 Zizaniinae NCBITaxon:1648033 Andropogonodae NCBITaxon:1648034 Arundinarodae NCBITaxon:1648035 Bambusodae NCBITaxon:1648036 Panicodae NCBITaxon:1648037 Poodae NCBITaxon:1648038 Triticodae NCBITaxon:1652080 Poeae Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) NCBITaxon:1653 Corynebacteriaceae NCBITaxon:165598 Solen NCBITaxon:166264 Decapterus macrosoma NCBITaxon:166755 Periophthalmus barbarus NCBITaxon:16714 Juglandaceae NCBITaxon:16718 Juglans NCBITaxon:16719 Juglans nigra NCBITaxon:16733 Schisandraceae NCBITaxon:16736 Piperales NCBITaxon:16739 Piperaceae NCBITaxon:167487 Rauvolfioideae NCBITaxon:167493 Carisseae NCBITaxon:1678 Bifidobacterium NCBITaxon:169191 Schinus terebinthifolia NCBITaxon:169290 Phractolaemus NCBITaxon:169291 Phractolaemus ansorgii NCBITaxon:169617 Rubioideae NCBITaxon:169618 Ixoroideae NCBITaxon:169642 Gardenieae NCBITaxon:169655 Morindeae NCBITaxon:169697 Arecoideae NCBITaxon:169698 Calamoideae NCBITaxon:169700 Coryphoideae NCBITaxon:169705 Cocoseae NCBITaxon:169725 Attaleinae NCBITaxon:169729 Elaeidinae NCBITaxon:169733 Calameae NCBITaxon:169738 Metroxylinae NCBITaxon:169746 Borasseae NCBITaxon:169748 Phoeniceae NCBITaxon:169749 Hyphaeninae NCBITaxon:169750 Lataniinae NCBITaxon:1699513 Myrtoideae NCBITaxon:1699522 Syzygieae NCBITaxon:1699523 Myrteae NCBITaxon:17047 Malpighia NCBITaxon:1705104 Pimenta group NCBITaxon:1705105 Eugenia group NCBITaxon:170816 Dalatias NCBITaxon:170817 Dalatias licha NCBITaxon:170825 Squatina californica NCBITaxon:170989 Citrus hystrix NCBITaxon:171195 Hyperoglyphe NCBITaxon:171249 Citrus limonia NCBITaxon:171251 Citrus medica NCBITaxon:171294 Penaeus californiensis NCBITaxon:171414 Paralichthyidae NCBITaxon:171549 Bacteroidales NCBITaxon:171552 Prevotellaceae NCBITaxon:1716 Corynebacterium NCBITaxon:171637 Amygdaloideae NCBITaxon:171638 Rosoideae NCBITaxon:171928 Anacardium NCBITaxon:171929 Anacardium occidentale NCBITaxon:172266 Tilia cordata NCBITaxon:172268 Argyrosomus NCBITaxon:172269 Argyrosomus regius NCBITaxon:172658 Parophrys NCBITaxon:172659 Parophrys vetulus NCBITaxon:1728959 Aurantioideae NCBITaxon:1729789 Vanilleae NCBITaxon:173042 Leucoraja ocellata NCBITaxon:173078 Arca zebra NCBITaxon:173309 Caranx crysos NCBITaxon:173313 Caranx caballus NCBITaxon:173315 Carangoides ruber NCBITaxon:173318 Carangoides bartholomaei NCBITaxon:173322 Decapterus punctatus NCBITaxon:173323 Elagatis NCBITaxon:173324 Elagatis bipinnulata NCBITaxon:173330 Trachinotus NCBITaxon:173333 Trachinotus goodei NCBITaxon:173342 Trachinotus carolinus NCBITaxon:173343 Oligoplites NCBITaxon:173344 Oligoplites saurus NCBITaxon:173352 Lepidopodinae NCBITaxon:173353 Trichiurinae NCBITaxon:173682 Semecarpus NCBITaxon:173691 Dacryodes NCBITaxon:173849 Paspalum scrobiculatum NCBITaxon:174187 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius NCBITaxon:174391 Lithodes NCBITaxon:174392 Lithodes aequispinus NCBITaxon:174393 Lithodes maja NCBITaxon:174403 Paralithodes brevipes NCBITaxon:175228 Ribes rubrum NCBITaxon:175273 Cynoscion regalis NCBITaxon:1760 Actinomycetes NCBITaxon:176265 Selenicereus undatus NCBITaxon:178174 Syzygium NCBITaxon:1783270 FCB group NCBITaxon:1783272 Terrabacteria group NCBITaxon:178615 Brassica oleracea var. medullosa NCBITaxon:179357 Alectis NCBITaxon:179358 Alectis alexandrina NCBITaxon:179359 Alectis ciliaris NCBITaxon:179360 Carangoides NCBITaxon:179371 Trachurus lathami NCBITaxon:179373 Psettodoidei NCBITaxon:179534 Epinephelus caninus NCBITaxon:179535 Epinephelus marginatus NCBITaxon:179536 Epinephelus aeneus NCBITaxon:180118 Mammea NCBITaxon:1804621 Betoideae NCBITaxon:1804623 Chenopodiaceae NCBITaxon:180536 Eruca vesicaria NCBITaxon:180763 Vaccinium myrtillus NCBITaxon:180766 Vaccinium parvifolium NCBITaxon:180767 Vaccinium reticulatum NCBITaxon:181389 Ophidioidei NCBITaxon:181394 Ophidiinae NCBITaxon:181444 Allocyttus NCBITaxon:181445 Allocyttus niger NCBITaxon:181456 Cyclopterinae NCBITaxon:182105 Ficus benjamina NCBITaxon:182129 Ficus sycomorus NCBITaxon:182230 Osmerinae NCBITaxon:182233 Thaleichthys NCBITaxon:182234 Salangidae NCBITaxon:182238 Hypomesinae NCBITaxon:182430 Hoplunnis NCBITaxon:182852 Raja asterias NCBITaxon:182853 Raja miraletus NCBITaxon:182854 Dipturus oxyrinchus NCBITaxon:182855 Raja undulata NCBITaxon:183218 Abelmoschus NCBITaxon:183220 Abelmoschus manihot NCBITaxon:183260 Hibiscus sabdariffa NCBITaxon:183651 Hippoglossina oblonga NCBITaxon:183652 Peprilus NCBITaxon:183653 Peprilus triacanthus NCBITaxon:183655 Urophycis NCBITaxon:183656 Urophycis chuss NCBITaxon:183657 Urophycis tenuis NCBITaxon:184140 Sicyos edulis NCBITaxon:184215 Ammodytes americanus NCBITaxon:184439 Centropristis NCBITaxon:184440 Centropristis striata NCBITaxon:184443 Diplectrum NCBITaxon:184445 Paralabrax callaensis NCBITaxon:184448 Stereolepis NCBITaxon:184449 Stereolepis gigas NCBITaxon:184451 Esox niger NCBITaxon:184585 Engraulis encrasicolus NCBITaxon:185002 Plantago ovata NCBITaxon:185733 Arctogadus NCBITaxon:185735 Arctogadus glacialis NCBITaxon:185738 Molva dypterygia NCBITaxon:185739 Pollachius pollachius NCBITaxon:1861779 Coccolobeae NCBITaxon:186265 Cactoideae NCBITaxon:186267 Opuntioideae NCBITaxon:186273 Hylocereeae NCBITaxon:186463 Ruditapes NCBITaxon:186619 Polyodontinae NCBITaxon:186621 Polyodontini NCBITaxon:186622 Acipenseroidei NCBITaxon:186623 Actinopteri NCBITaxon:186624 Elopocephala NCBITaxon:186625 Clupeocephala NCBITaxon:186626 Otophysi NCBITaxon:186627 Cypriniphysae NCBITaxon:186628 Characiphysae NCBITaxon:186632 Chanoidei NCBITaxon:186633 Anotophysi NCBITaxon:186634 Otomorpha NCBITaxon:186745 Scombrinae NCBITaxon:186746 Scombrini NCBITaxon:186747 Scomberomorini NCBITaxon:186748 Sardini NCBITaxon:186749 Thunnini NCBITaxon:186826 Lactobacillales NCBITaxon:186828 Carnobacteriaceae NCBITaxon:1873447 Daucus sect. Daucus NCBITaxon:1874399 Boraginoideae NCBITaxon:1874412 Boragininae NCBITaxon:1874424 Boragineae NCBITaxon:188478 Aframomum NCBITaxon:189389 Trachurus picturatus NCBITaxon:190224 Rubus flagellaris NCBITaxon:190544 Vaccinium ovalifolium NCBITaxon:190548 Vaccinium uliginosum NCBITaxon:190805 Crateva NCBITaxon:1909378 Bromelioideae NCBITaxon:191066 Empetrum nigrum NCBITaxon:19151 Eruca NCBITaxon:191678 Lophius budegassa NCBITaxon:191812 Somniosus NCBITaxon:191813 Somniosus microcephalus NCBITaxon:19205 Lepidium NCBITaxon:192602 Trachurus murphyi NCBITaxon:1927081 Annonoideae NCBITaxon:1927087 Annoneae NCBITaxon:193309 Pyracantha coccinea NCBITaxon:1934104 Ardenna NCBITaxon:193516 Hippophae rhamnoides NCBITaxon:194251 Artocarpus altilis NCBITaxon:194252 Brosimum NCBITaxon:194253 Brosimum alicastrum NCBITaxon:195334 Sphyrna mokarran NCBITaxon:195335 Sphyrna zygaena NCBITaxon:195608 Eopsetta NCBITaxon:195609 Eopsetta jordani NCBITaxon:195612 Glyptocephalus zachirus NCBITaxon:195615 Hippoglossus stenolepis NCBITaxon:195616 Isopsetta NCBITaxon:195617 Isopsetta isolepis NCBITaxon:195622 Lepidopsetta NCBITaxon:195623 Lepidopsetta bilineata NCBITaxon:195624 Limanda aspera NCBITaxon:195625 Lyopsetta NCBITaxon:195626 Lyopsetta exilis NCBITaxon:195632 Platichthys stellatus NCBITaxon:195638 Psettichthys NCBITaxon:195639 Psettichthys melanostictus NCBITaxon:195640 Psettodes erumei NCBITaxon:195645 Atheresthes evermanni NCBITaxon:195656 Achiridae NCBITaxon:195657 Trinectes NCBITaxon:195658 Trinectes maculatus NCBITaxon:195659 Xystreurys NCBITaxon:195660 Xystreurys liolepis NCBITaxon:196071 Sardinella aurita NCBITaxon:196072 Sardinella maderensis NCBITaxon:196074 Sprattus NCBITaxon:196075 Sprattus sprattus NCBITaxon:1963083 Cassia clade NCBITaxon:1963087 Amherstieae NCBITaxon:1963758 Myomorpha NCBITaxon:196674 Neptunia oleracea NCBITaxon:1968271 Gardenieae - Pavetteae clade NCBITaxon:1968429 Gardenieae complex NCBITaxon:197206 Procambarus acutus NCBITaxon:197562 Pancrustacea NCBITaxon:197563 Mandibulata NCBITaxon:197574 Selar boops NCBITaxon:1977916 Hippocastanoideae NCBITaxon:1977918 Sapindoideae NCBITaxon:1977920 Hippocastaneae NCBITaxon:197794 Plantago indica NCBITaxon:1977990 Paullinieae NCBITaxon:1977991 Melicocceae NCBITaxon:1978182 Detarioideae NCBITaxon:1978184 Dialioideae NCBITaxon:198026 Melanitta NCBITaxon:1982031 Cyperus subgen. Cyperus NCBITaxon:198228 Scyllarus NCBITaxon:198229 Scyllarus arctus NCBITaxon:198232 Palinurus elephas NCBITaxon:198233 Palinurus delagoae NCBITaxon:198234 Palinurus gilchristi NCBITaxon:1983395 Mobula birostris NCBITaxon:198537 Chaceon quinquedens NCBITaxon:198777 Mammea americana NCBITaxon:19952 Valeriana NCBITaxon:19953 Valeriana officinalis NCBITaxon:19955 Ebenaceae NCBITaxon:199623 Alpinia officinarum NCBITaxon:2 Bacteria NCBITaxon:200643 Bacteroidia NCBITaxon:200939 Todarodes sagittatus NCBITaxon:201174 Actinomycetota NCBITaxon:201498 Hucho taimen NCBITaxon:201697 Pomoxis annularis NCBITaxon:2024539 Lutjaniformes NCBITaxon:202588 Labrus viridis NCBITaxon:202589 Lachnolaimus NCBITaxon:202590 Lachnolaimus maximus NCBITaxon:202601 Tautoga NCBITaxon:202602 Tautoga onitis NCBITaxon:202634 Crateva religiosa NCBITaxon:203262 Epinephelus tauvina NCBITaxon:2032702 Apostichopus californicus NCBITaxon:2034327 C4 Cyperus NCBITaxon:2034351 C4 Cyperus incertae sedis NCBITaxon:203582 Sisymbrium officinale NCBITaxon:204441 Rhodospirillales NCBITaxon:2050820 Bembropoidei NCBITaxon:205478 Pachyrhizus ahipa NCBITaxon:205481 Pachyrhizus tuberosus NCBITaxon:205567 Solanum muricatum NCBITaxon:206137 Pinguipedidae NCBITaxon:206146 Pentanemus NCBITaxon:206147 Pentanemus quinquarius NCBITaxon:2068716 Anatinae NCBITaxon:207598 Homininae NCBITaxon:2094723 Sepiolinae NCBITaxon:209540 Trichodon <bony fishes> NCBITaxon:209541 Trichodon trichodon NCBITaxon:210060 Maranta arundinacea NCBITaxon:2100770 Panicum sect. Dichotomiflora NCBITaxon:210138 Eleutheronema NCBITaxon:210139 Eleutheronema tetradactylum NCBITaxon:21019 Castanea NCBITaxon:21024 Fagus NCBITaxon:210350 Canarium pimela NCBITaxon:210376 Flacourtia indica NCBITaxon:210579 Mora <bony fishes> NCBITaxon:210586 Ranzania <bony fishes> NCBITaxon:210590 Ophidion <bony fishes> NCBITaxon:212736 Centrophorus NCBITaxon:212737 Centrophorus granulosus NCBITaxon:213384 Leucoraja circularis NCBITaxon:2135392 Myzopsetta NCBITaxon:213598 Coccinia NCBITaxon:214659 Girella tricuspidata NCBITaxon:21472 Gentianaceae NCBITaxon:214907 Malvoideae NCBITaxon:214908 Grewioideae NCBITaxon:214909 Byttnerioideae NCBITaxon:214911 Tilioideae NCBITaxon:214912 Sterculioideae NCBITaxon:214915 Helicteroideae NCBITaxon:214929 Bombacoideae NCBITaxon:21496 Gentiana NCBITaxon:215350 Bramidae NCBITaxon:215351 Brama NCBITaxon:215352 Brama japonica NCBITaxon:215357 Larimichthys NCBITaxon:215358 Larimichthys crocea NCBITaxon:215380 Parapercis NCBITaxon:215403 Parachanna NCBITaxon:215407 Ranzania laevis NCBITaxon:215439 Todarodes angolensis NCBITaxon:215440 Nototodarus sloanii NCBITaxon:215450 Decapodiformes NCBITaxon:215451 Octopodiformes NCBITaxon:21563 Averrhoa NCBITaxon:2157 Archaea NCBITaxon:21571 Boraginaceae NCBITaxon:216260 Lottioidea NCBITaxon:216275 Vetigastropoda NCBITaxon:216276 Haliotoidea NCBITaxon:216294 Littorinimorpha NCBITaxon:216297 Stromboidea NCBITaxon:216305 Heterobranchia NCBITaxon:216307 Euthyneura <gastropods> NCBITaxon:216366 Helicina <clade> NCBITaxon:216706 Nepetoideae NCBITaxon:216718 Mentheae NCBITaxon:216719 Ocimeae NCBITaxon:216794 Plantagineae NCBITaxon:217026 Auxis rochei NCBITaxon:217033 Arbutoideae NCBITaxon:217035 Ericoideae NCBITaxon:217037 Vaccinioideae NCBITaxon:217043 Empetreae NCBITaxon:217062 Vaccinieae NCBITaxon:2172821 Multicrustacea NCBITaxon:217494 Engraulis ringens NCBITaxon:217509 Carassius carassius NCBITaxon:21819 Mentha NCBITaxon:218797 Lutjanus malabaricus NCBITaxon:218798 Scomberomorus commerson NCBITaxon:21880 Salvia NCBITaxon:21910 Verbenaceae NCBITaxon:219103 Carduoideae NCBITaxon:219120 Cichorioideae NCBITaxon:219121 Cichorieae NCBITaxon:219134 Coreopsideae NCBITaxon:219865 Syzygium aqueum NCBITaxon:219892 Syzygium malaccense NCBITaxon:22002 Verbena NCBITaxon:22063 Monimiaceae NCBITaxon:221251 Chrysophyllum cainito NCBITaxon:22140 Annonaceae NCBITaxon:22274 Myristicaceae NCBITaxon:2231382 NPAAA clade NCBITaxon:2231383 ADA clade NCBITaxon:2231384 genistoids sensu lato NCBITaxon:2231385 core genistoids NCBITaxon:2231387 dalbergioids sensu lato NCBITaxon:2231390 Pterocarpus clade NCBITaxon:2231393 50 kb inversion clade NCBITaxon:223142 Diodon NCBITaxon:223145 Diodon hystrix NCBITaxon:223210 Masturus NCBITaxon:223211 Masturus lanceolatus NCBITaxon:2233838 Hologalegina NCBITaxon:2233839 IRL clade NCBITaxon:2233855 indigoferoid/millettioid clade NCBITaxon:223796 Epigonidae NCBITaxon:223860 Raja radula NCBITaxon:223862 Raja brachyura NCBITaxon:223863 Raja microocellata NCBITaxon:223888 Leucoraja naevus NCBITaxon:223889 Leucoraja fullonica NCBITaxon:224270 Diplectrum formosum NCBITaxon:224313 Odontophoridae NCBITaxon:224703 Alosa aestivalis NCBITaxon:224704 Harengula NCBITaxon:224705 Harengula jaguana NCBITaxon:224706 Brevoortia NCBITaxon:224707 Brevoortia patronus NCBITaxon:224708 Brevoortia tyrannus NCBITaxon:224710 Opisthonema NCBITaxon:224711 Opisthonema oglinum NCBITaxon:224715 Etrumeus NCBITaxon:224716 Etrumeus teres NCBITaxon:224717 Anchoa NCBITaxon:224718 Anchoa mitchilli NCBITaxon:225060 Micropterus punctulatus NCBITaxon:225164 Lottia gigantea NCBITaxon:225386 Ophiodon NCBITaxon:225387 Ophiodon elongatus NCBITaxon:225388 Aplodinotus NCBITaxon:225389 Aplodinotus grunniens NCBITaxon:22662 Punica NCBITaxon:22663 Punica granatum NCBITaxon:22665 Trapa NCBITaxon:22666 Trapa natans NCBITaxon:227725 Solanum quitoense NCBITaxon:22774 Berberis NCBITaxon:227979 Jeotgalicoccus NCBITaxon:2282851 Pseudobatos NCBITaxon:228859 Parapenaeus NCBITaxon:2291027 Salvia incertae sedis NCBITaxon:229289 Anoplopoma NCBITaxon:229290 Anoplopoma fimbria NCBITaxon:229630 Citrus x tangelo NCBITaxon:22973 Chrysobalanaceae NCBITaxon:22977 Chrysobalanus NCBITaxon:22978 Chrysobalanus icaco NCBITaxon:230391 Macrobrachium carcinus NCBITaxon:2304100 Viteae NCBITaxon:23066 Grossulariaceae NCBITaxon:2315723 Lepetellida NCBITaxon:23166 Eriobotrya NCBITaxon:23207 Prunus serotina NCBITaxon:23211 Pyrus communis NCBITaxon:23216 Rubus NCBITaxon:232192 Lutjanus sebae NCBITaxon:23222 Sorbus NCBITaxon:232347 Magnoliidae NCBITaxon:232378 Proteales NCBITaxon:232428 Chionoecetes bairdi NCBITaxon:233201 Squalius NCBITaxon:233737 Pouteria campechiana NCBITaxon:233744 Pouteria sapota NCBITaxon:233754 Synsepalum NCBITaxon:233880 Phyllanthaceae NCBITaxon:23461 Mangifera NCBITaxon:23513 Rutaceae NCBITaxon:235261 Mackinlayoideae NCBITaxon:235595 Phyllantheae NCBITaxon:23672 Sapindaceae NCBITaxon:237934 Viburnum edule NCBITaxon:238069 Saliceae NCBITaxon:238070 Flacourtieae NCBITaxon:23808 Simaroubaceae NCBITaxon:238709 Atherina hepsetus NCBITaxon:238742 Menidiinae NCBITaxon:238743 Menidia NCBITaxon:238744 Menidia menidia NCBITaxon:239368 Engraulis mordax NCBITaxon:24079 Bignoniaceae NCBITaxon:240830 Hypomesus olidus NCBITaxon:240832 Thaleichthys pacificus NCBITaxon:241157 Clinocardium NCBITaxon:241161 Dinocardium NCBITaxon:241162 Dinocardium robustum NCBITaxon:241172 Serripes NCBITaxon:241355 Odacidae NCBITaxon:241360 Odax NCBITaxon:241364 Odax pullus NCBITaxon:241778 Apioideae NCBITaxon:241780 apioid superclade NCBITaxon:241782 Pyramidoptereae NCBITaxon:241789 Scandiceae NCBITaxon:241793 Apieae NCBITaxon:241795 Sinodielsia clade NCBITaxon:241799 Daucinae NCBITaxon:241800 Scandicinae NCBITaxon:241828 Psettodes belcheri NCBITaxon:243719 Bagre NCBITaxon:243926 Bagre marinus NCBITaxon:244851 Pseudocyttus NCBITaxon:244852 Pseudocyttus maculatus NCBITaxon:245079 Lepas anserifera NCBITaxon:245205 Averrhoa bilimbi NCBITaxon:245697 Cyttus traversi NCBITaxon:245700 Allocyttus verrucosus NCBITaxon:245824 Valerianella eriocarpa NCBITaxon:246365 Dacryodes edulis NCBITaxon:24646 Lycium NCBITaxon:24663 Physalis NCBITaxon:248136 Scomberomorus queenslandicus NCBITaxon:248137 Scomberomorus munroi NCBITaxon:248138 Scomberomorus semifasciatus NCBITaxon:248764 Macruronus novaezelandiae NCBITaxon:248765 Mora moro NCBITaxon:249022 Engraulis anchoita NCBITaxon:24966 Rubiaceae NCBITaxon:2508080 Crocoideae NCBITaxon:2508086 Croceae NCBITaxon:2509193 Catostomoidei NCBITaxon:2509195 Acheilognathidae NCBITaxon:251531 Ensis siliqua NCBITaxon:251532 Solen marginatus NCBITaxon:252937 Pleuroncodes NCBITaxon:2546017 Gentianinae NCBITaxon:255204 Pseudoclavibacter NCBITaxon:255559 Clidoderma NCBITaxon:255560 Clidoderma asperrimum NCBITaxon:2558152 Trachichthyiformes NCBITaxon:25641 Aloe NCBITaxon:256424 Esox reichertii NCBITaxon:2570238 Alkekengi NCBITaxon:257723 Ninnigobius canestrinii NCBITaxon:258209 Berberis vulgaris NCBITaxon:259380 Blighia NCBITaxon:259381 Blighia sapida NCBITaxon:259702 Atractoscion NCBITaxon:259703 Atractoscion nobilis NCBITaxon:25996 Elaeagnaceae NCBITaxon:259987 Opisthonema libertate NCBITaxon:260140 Psidium guineense NCBITaxon:260142 Syzygium cumini NCBITaxon:260143 Syzygium samarangense NCBITaxon:260508 Spirinchus thaleichthys NCBITaxon:2607030 Caprimulgimorphae NCBITaxon:2607033 Apodinae NCBITaxon:260718 Cicca acida NCBITaxon:260976 Scardinius graecus NCBITaxon:261007 Nymphaeales NCBITaxon:262399 Chionoecetes tanneri NCBITaxon:26339 Iridaceae NCBITaxon:263718 Squatina squatina NCBITaxon:264213 Lutjanus sanguineus NCBITaxon:264416 Diplotaxis tenuifolia NCBITaxon:26468 Loganiaceae NCBITaxon:26496 Strychnos NCBITaxon:2653789 Whippomorpha NCBITaxon:2653790 Ancodonta NCBITaxon:267066 Enteroctopus NCBITaxon:267067 Enteroctopus dofleini NCBITaxon:267213 Ipomoeeae NCBITaxon:267258 Rosa suffulta NCBITaxon:26867 Plantago NCBITaxon:268723 Eleusine coracana subsp. africana NCBITaxon:268884 Origanum majorana NCBITaxon:2697495 Spiralia NCBITaxon:270110 Cochlearia officinalis NCBITaxon:270329 Lepomis gibbosus NCBITaxon:270542 Erilepis NCBITaxon:270543 Erilepis zonifer NCBITaxon:270544 Arripis trutta NCBITaxon:270551 Epigonus NCBITaxon:2706 Citrus NCBITaxon:270602 Osphronemidae NCBITaxon:270603 Osphronemus NCBITaxon:270604 Osphronemus goramy NCBITaxon:270605 Percophidae NCBITaxon:270608 Bembrops NCBITaxon:27065 Theaceae NCBITaxon:271940 Trachurus symmetricus NCBITaxon:271941 Trachurus declivis NCBITaxon:271942 Trachurus novaezelandiae NCBITaxon:2732585 Rumex subgen. Acetosa NCBITaxon:273455 Lutjanus johnii NCBITaxon:273748 Paralithodes platypus NCBITaxon:27405 Penaeus japonicus NCBITaxon:2742598 Limosilactobacillus NCBITaxon:2743693 Barbinae NCBITaxon:2743694 Cyprininae NCBITaxon:2743695 Labeoninae NCBITaxon:2743697 Labeonini NCBITaxon:2743714 Gobionidae NCBITaxon:2743715 Gobioninae NCBITaxon:2743726 Leuciscidae NCBITaxon:2743728 Leuciscinae NCBITaxon:2743729 Phoxininae NCBITaxon:2743744 Tincidae NCBITaxon:2743745 Xenocyprididae NCBITaxon:2743747 Xenocypridinae NCBITaxon:274692 Sebastidae NCBITaxon:274703 Scorpaeninae NCBITaxon:274705 Sebastinae NCBITaxon:274793 Anthiinae NCBITaxon:274794 Epinephelinae NCBITaxon:274795 Serraninae NCBITaxon:274805 Cheilodactylus variegatus NCBITaxon:2749756 Cornu <genus> NCBITaxon:2749757 Cornu <subgenus> NCBITaxon:27588 Raja montagui NCBITaxon:2759 eucaryotes eukaryotes Eukaryota NCBITaxon:27592 Bovinae NCBITaxon:2759736 Lacticaseibacillus NCBITaxon:27601 Balaena NCBITaxon:27602 Balaena mysticetus NCBITaxon:2767842 Lactiplantibacillus NCBITaxon:2767886 Levilactobacillus NCBITaxon:2767893 Lentilactobacillus NCBITaxon:27696 Sardina NCBITaxon:27697 Sardina pilchardus NCBITaxon:27703 Gobio NCBITaxon:27704 Gobio gobio NCBITaxon:27705 Micropterus NCBITaxon:27706 Micropterus salmoides NCBITaxon:27716 Tinca NCBITaxon:27717 Tinca tinca NCBITaxon:27721 Trisopterus NCBITaxon:27766 Coryphaenidae NCBITaxon:27767 Gempylidae NCBITaxon:27768 Istiophoridae NCBITaxon:27769 Sphyraenidae NCBITaxon:27770 Trichiuridae NCBITaxon:2777055 Silene subgen. Behenantha NCBITaxon:2777074 Silene sect. Behenantha NCBITaxon:27771 Limanda limanda NCBITaxon:27772 Coregonus NCBITaxon:27774 Triglidae NCBITaxon:27786 Eretmochelys NCBITaxon:27787 Eretmochelys imbricata NCBITaxon:27791 Chelonioidea NCBITaxon:27808 Chlamys islandica NCBITaxon:278164 Alosa alosa NCBITaxon:278205 Myida NCBITaxon:2783444 Adapedonta NCBITaxon:2783445 Cardiida NCBITaxon:2785011 Autobranchia NCBITaxon:2785015 Imparidentia NCBITaxon:2785018 Camarodonta NCBITaxon:278729 Micropogonias furnieri NCBITaxon:278733 Menticirrhus NCBITaxon:278734 Menticirrhus americanus NCBITaxon:278736 Menticirrhus littoralis NCBITaxon:2787988 Clinocardiinae NCBITaxon:2787990 Laevicardiinae NCBITaxon:2787991 Lymnocardiinae NCBITaxon:28211 Alphaproteobacteria NCBITaxon:2821351 Conifers II NCBITaxon:2821352 Conifers I NCBITaxon:28216 Betaproteobacteria NCBITaxon:2823367 Cyclopsettidae NCBITaxon:282414 Squaliformes NCBITaxon:282425 Clupei NCBITaxon:283033 Sander NCBITaxon:283034 Sander canadensis NCBITaxon:283035 Sander lucioperca NCBITaxon:283036 Sander vitreus NCBITaxon:283210 Malus pumila NCBITaxon:2836337 Menthinae NCBITaxon:2836339 Salviinae NCBITaxon:2836347 Ociminae NCBITaxon:28379 Faxonius limosus NCBITaxon:28380 Sardinops NCBITaxon:28381 Sardinops sagax NCBITaxon:2841271 Testudinata NCBITaxon:284553 Lasioideae NCBITaxon:284555 Aroideae NCBITaxon:2846883 Arctiinae <eudicots> NCBITaxon:28478 Xanthosoma sagittifolium NCBITaxon:2849128 Aliger NCBITaxon:2849134 Macrostrombus NCBITaxon:286536 Coilia NCBITaxon:286537 Coilia mystus NCBITaxon:28683 Alcidae NCBITaxon:28695 Cepphus NCBITaxon:28697 Cepphus grylle NCBITaxon:28700 Fratercula NCBITaxon:28701 Fratercula arctica NCBITaxon:28702 Fratercula corniculata NCBITaxon:28801 Centropomus NCBITaxon:28806 Centropomus undecimalis NCBITaxon:288641 Metanephrops armatus NCBITaxon:28930 Fagus sylvatica NCBITaxon:28974 Averrhoa carambola NCBITaxon:289767 Semecarpus anacardium NCBITaxon:2899719 Lepadoidea NCBITaxon:2899756 Thoracicalcarea NCBITaxon:29019 Penaeus stylirostris NCBITaxon:290247 Lutjanus peru NCBITaxon:290332 Sicyonia brevirostris NCBITaxon:29073 Ursus maritimus NCBITaxon:2908833 Neoheterodontei NCBITaxon:290888 Metapenaeus joyneri NCBITaxon:290983 Paullinia NCBITaxon:290984 Paullinia pinnata NCBITaxon:2911667 Pseudopodospermum NCBITaxon:291371 Atelecyclidae NCBITaxon:29140 Gonorynchiformes NCBITaxon:29142 Chanidae NCBITaxon:29143 Chanos NCBITaxon:29144 Chanos chanos NCBITaxon:29147 Lates niloticus NCBITaxon:29150 Scomber australasicus NCBITaxon:29151 Osmerus eperlanus NCBITaxon:29153 Micropogonias NCBITaxon:29154 Micropogonias undulatus NCBITaxon:29158 Mytilus galloprovincialis NCBITaxon:29159 Crassostrea gigas NCBITaxon:2916678 CUG-Ser1 clade NCBITaxon:291892 Acanthochitonina NCBITaxon:291982 Aliger gigas NCBITaxon:292480 Atopostipes NCBITaxon:293495 Caladieae NCBITaxon:293502 Thomsonieae NCBITaxon:294125 Palaemon vulgaris NCBITaxon:294739 Mentha pulegium NCBITaxon:294744 Patinopecten caurinus NCBITaxon:296036 Emblica officinalis NCBITaxon:29710 Dioscorea cayenensis NCBITaxon:29719 Mentha spicata NCBITaxon:29727 Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa NCBITaxon:29760 Vitis vinifera NCBITaxon:2976026 Zanthoxyloideae NCBITaxon:2976105 Berberideae NCBITaxon:29780 Mangifera indica NCBITaxon:29811 Ginkgoopsida NCBITaxon:29818 Plantago major NCBITaxon:299521 Erimacrus NCBITaxon:299522 Erimacrus isenbeckii NCBITaxon:29962 Grapsoidea NCBITaxon:29964 Cancroidea NCBITaxon:29965 Metacarcinus magister NCBITaxon:300208 Canarium album NCBITaxon:300936 Valerianella dentata NCBITaxon:301453 Capparaceae NCBITaxon:301693 Annona squamosa NCBITaxon:301703 Annona glabra NCBITaxon:301862 Annona reticulata NCBITaxon:301957 Modiolinae NCBITaxon:301959 Mytilinae NCBITaxon:302047 Seriola lalandi NCBITaxon:303185 Gentianeae NCBITaxon:30352 Ranoidea <superfamily> NCBITaxon:303709 Aluterus NCBITaxon:303721 Meuschenia NCBITaxon:303741 Sphoeroides spengleri NCBITaxon:303921 Atherina presbyter NCBITaxon:303935 Carcharhinus perezii NCBITaxon:303943 Carcharhinus signatus NCBITaxon:303946 Squatina dumeril NCBITaxon:304130 Physalis philadelphica NCBITaxon:304449 Parachanna obscura NCBITaxon:30449 Procellariiformes NCBITaxon:30451 Procellariidae NCBITaxon:30454 Fulmarus NCBITaxon:30455 Fulmarus glacialis NCBITaxon:30458 Strigiformes NCBITaxon:30459 Strigidae NCBITaxon:30460 Bubo NCBITaxon:30475 Rajidae NCBITaxon:30483 Carcharhiniformes NCBITaxon:30493 Triakis semifasciata NCBITaxon:30496 Lamniformes NCBITaxon:30500 Carcharias NCBITaxon:30501 Carcharias taurus NCBITaxon:30511 Squalidae NCBITaxon:3051910 Acropomatiformes NCBITaxon:30521 Bos grunniens NCBITaxon:30532 Dama dama NCBITaxon:3054905 Moreae NCBITaxon:3054906 Ficeae NCBITaxon:3054909 Artocarpeae NCBITaxon:3054911 Dorstenieae NCBITaxon:30558 Balaenidae NCBITaxon:305658 Panicum sumatrense NCBITaxon:306272 Faxonius NCBITaxon:306578 Epinephelus chlorostigma NCBITaxon:3067298 Cicca NCBITaxon:3067300 Emblica NCBITaxon:306945 Annona senegalensis NCBITaxon:307031 Crangon franciscorum NCBITaxon:30724 Clupea pallasii NCBITaxon:30727 Cyprinoidei NCBITaxon:3072905 Pinnipedia NCBITaxon:30759 Moridae NCBITaxon:30761 Macrouridae NCBITaxon:30762 Phractolaeminae NCBITaxon:30763 Kneriidae NCBITaxon:307728 Opuntia polyacantha NCBITaxon:307936 Pachygrapsus crassipes NCBITaxon:307971 Apostichopus NCBITaxon:30799 Labrus NCBITaxon:30840 Haemulidae NCBITaxon:30850 Lutjanidae NCBITaxon:30853 Monodactylidae NCBITaxon:30854 Mullidae NCBITaxon:30864 Pomatomidae NCBITaxon:30870 Sciaenidae NCBITaxon:30871 Serranidae NCBITaxon:30872 Paralabrax NCBITaxon:30874 Sillaginidae NCBITaxon:30875 Terapontidae NCBITaxon:30910 Channidae NCBITaxon:30917 Polynemidae NCBITaxon:309310 Ficus thonningii NCBITaxon:30942 Pleuronectoidei NCBITaxon:30944 Hippoglossoides NCBITaxon:30945 Hippoglossoides elassodon NCBITaxon:30948 Soleidae NCBITaxon:30949 Psettodidae NCBITaxon:30950 Umbridae NCBITaxon:30955 Plecoglossidae NCBITaxon:30959 Mallotus <bony fishes> NCBITaxon:30960 Mallotus villosus NCBITaxon:30962 Oncorhynchus clarkii NCBITaxon:30983 Hexagrammidae NCBITaxon:30988 Anoplopomatidae NCBITaxon:30989 Siluridae NCBITaxon:30992 Pangasianodon NCBITaxon:30993 Pangasianodon gigas NCBITaxon:30996 Schilbidae NCBITaxon:30998 Pimelodidae NCBITaxon:31017 Ariidae NCBITaxon:31022 Tetraodontiformes NCBITaxon:31023 Balistoidea NCBITaxon:31028 Tetraodontoidei NCBITaxon:31029 Molidae NCBITaxon:31031 Tetraodontidae NCBITaxon:31034 Diodontidae NCBITaxon:31089 Osteoglossomorpha NCBITaxon:31090 Hiodontidae NCBITaxon:310915 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus NCBITaxon:31097 Zeiformes NCBITaxon:31101 Oreosomatidae NCBITaxon:31103 Zeidae NCBITaxon:311200 Saxidomus NCBITaxon:31198 Argopecten NCBITaxon:31199 Argopecten irradians NCBITaxon:31212 Littorinidae NCBITaxon:31213 Littorina NCBITaxon:31216 Littorina littorea NCBITaxon:313245 Osphroneminae NCBITaxon:314001 Anisotremus NCBITaxon:314145 Laurasiatheria NCBITaxon:314146 Euarchontoglires NCBITaxon:314147 Glires NCBITaxon:314293 Simiiformes NCBITaxon:314295 Hominoidea NCBITaxon:316129 Centrolophus NCBITaxon:316130 Centrolophus niger NCBITaxon:316133 Seriolella NCBITaxon:316134 Seriolella caerulea NCBITaxon:316135 Seriolella brama NCBITaxon:316136 Seriolella punctata NCBITaxon:316161 Dorosomatinae NCBITaxon:316162 Nematalosa NCBITaxon:318457 Palinurus mauritanicus NCBITaxon:318546 Pseudocrenilabrinae NCBITaxon:318559 Cichlasomatinae NCBITaxon:318560 Cichlasomatini NCBITaxon:319056 New World cichlids NCBITaxon:319095 African cichlids NCBITaxon:3193 Embryophyta NCBITaxon:319431 Lutjanus argentiventris NCBITaxon:31953 Bifidobacteriaceae NCBITaxon:319752 Allocyttus folletti NCBITaxon:319755 Ophidion scrippsae NCBITaxon:319776 Paralichthys californicus NCBITaxon:320381 Polydactylus NCBITaxon:320393 Cynoscion parvipinnis NCBITaxon:320394 Genyonemus NCBITaxon:320395 Genyonemus lineatus NCBITaxon:320396 Menticirrhus undulatus NCBITaxon:320456 Allothunnus NCBITaxon:320457 Allothunnus fallai NCBITaxon:320565 Ponticola kessleri NCBITaxon:321164 Scomberomorus niphonius NCBITaxon:321602 Rubus sorbifolius NCBITaxon:32201 Carya illinoinensis NCBITaxon:32224 Eriobotrya japonica NCBITaxon:32277 Metapenaeus NCBITaxon:323665 Dioscorea esculenta NCBITaxon:32440 Chondrostei NCBITaxon:32443 Teleostei NCBITaxon:32446 Clupeiformes NCBITaxon:32517 Tetradontoidea NCBITaxon:32519 Ostariophysi NCBITaxon:32521 Elopomorpha NCBITaxon:32523 Tetrapoda NCBITaxon:32524 Amniota NCBITaxon:32525 Theria <mammals> NCBITaxon:325284 Paliureae NCBITaxon:32561 Sauria NCBITaxon:327815 Acanthistius NCBITaxon:329464 Cyclopsetta NCBITaxon:329465 Cyclopsetta chittendeni NCBITaxon:3296 Cycadopsida NCBITaxon:3297 Cycadales NCBITaxon:3308 Ginkgoales NCBITaxon:3309 Ginkgoaceae NCBITaxon:33090 Viridiplantae NCBITaxon:3310 Ginkgo NCBITaxon:3311 Ginkgo biloba NCBITaxon:33114 Capsicum baccatum NCBITaxon:33120 Alkekengi officinarum NCBITaxon:33125 Lepidium sativum NCBITaxon:33128 Papaver rhoeas NCBITaxon:33129 Phaseolus acutifolius NCBITaxon:3313 Pinidae NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta NCBITaxon:3318 Pinaceae NCBITaxon:33208 Metazoa NCBITaxon:33213 Bilateria NCBITaxon:33317 Protostomia NCBITaxon:3337 Pinus NCBITaxon:333970 Taraxacum kok-saghyz NCBITaxon:334483 Syzygium jambos NCBITaxon:3346 Pinus pinea NCBITaxon:334875 Hyperoglyphe antarctica NCBITaxon:334878 Rastrelliger brachysoma NCBITaxon:334879 Sarda australis NCBITaxon:334895 Monodactylus NCBITaxon:334896 Monodactylus argenteus NCBITaxon:334899 Parupeneus NCBITaxon:334903 Argyrosomus hololepidotus NCBITaxon:334908 Larimichthys polyactis NCBITaxon:334909 Atractoscion aequidens NCBITaxon:334912 Polyprion oxygeneios NCBITaxon:334942 Chelidonichthys kumu NCBITaxon:334977 Scorpaena cardinalis NCBITaxon:335011 Etmopterus NCBITaxon:335027 Centrophorus squamosus NCBITaxon:335034 Mustelus lenticulatus NCBITaxon:335062 Squalus megalops NCBITaxon:33508 Saccostrea NCBITaxon:33511 Deuterostomia NCBITaxon:33533 Chelidonichthys NCBITaxon:33553 Sciuromorpha NCBITaxon:33554 Carnivora NCBITaxon:33556 Balaenoptera bonaerensis NCBITaxon:3367 Cupressaceae NCBITaxon:337631 Brachyplatystoma NCBITaxon:337677 Cricetidae NCBITaxon:337687 Muroidea NCBITaxon:337726 Xerinae NCBITaxon:337730 Marmotini NCBITaxon:33789 Channa NCBITaxon:3394 Cycadaceae NCBITaxon:3395 Cycas NCBITaxon:33958 Lactobacillaceae NCBITaxon:3398 Magnoliopsida NCBITaxon:3400 Magnoliales NCBITaxon:341683 Spondias purpurea NCBITaxon:341934 Citrus australis NCBITaxon:34199 Aloe vera NCBITaxon:34256 Mentha x piperita NCBITaxon:34272 Atriplex hortensis NCBITaxon:34274 Gossypium herbaceum NCBITaxon:3432 Laurales NCBITaxon:3433 Lauraceae NCBITaxon:3434 Persea NCBITaxon:3435 Persea americana NCBITaxon:3440 Ranunculaceae NCBITaxon:3448 Caltha NCBITaxon:3449 Caltha palustris NCBITaxon:34531 Sepiolidae NCBITaxon:34536 Sepiola NCBITaxon:345395 Megapitaria maculata NCBITaxon:345396 Megapitaria NCBITaxon:34542 Oegopsida NCBITaxon:34585 Mopaliidae NCBITaxon:34586 Katharina NCBITaxon:34587 Katharina tunicata NCBITaxon:3465 Papaveraceae NCBITaxon:3468 Papaver NCBITaxon:3469 Papaver somniferum NCBITaxon:346985 Senna obtusifolia NCBITaxon:34772 Alosa NCBITaxon:34773 Alosa sapidissima NCBITaxon:34774 Alosa pseudoharengus NCBITaxon:348045 Kathetostoma NCBITaxon:348046 Kathetostoma giganteum NCBITaxon:3481 Cannabaceae NCBITaxon:34814 Coryphaena hippurus NCBITaxon:34815 Morone NCBITaxon:34816 Morone saxatilis NCBITaxon:34817 Hippoglossoides platessoides NCBITaxon:34818 Glyptocephalus NCBITaxon:34819 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus NCBITaxon:3482 Cannabis NCBITaxon:34820 Sebastes NCBITaxon:3483 Cannabis sativa NCBITaxon:348445 Molva macrophthalma NCBITaxon:34868 Rupicapra NCBITaxon:34869 Rupicapra rupicapra NCBITaxon:3487 Moraceae NCBITaxon:348707 Coregonus nasus NCBITaxon:348708 Coregonus oxyrinchus NCBITaxon:34878 Cervinae NCBITaxon:3488 Artocarpus NCBITaxon:34885 Eumetopias NCBITaxon:34886 Eumetopias jubatus NCBITaxon:3489 Artocarpus heterophyllus NCBITaxon:34915 Alligatorinae NCBITaxon:349168 Prunus avium x P. cerasus x P. canescens NCBITaxon:3493 Ficus <eudicots> NCBITaxon:349311 Engraulis australis NCBITaxon:3494 Ficus carica NCBITaxon:349639 Parapristipoma NCBITaxon:349640 Parapristipoma octolineatum NCBITaxon:349641 Plectorhinchus NCBITaxon:349645 Pseudocaranx NCBITaxon:349646 Pseudocaranx dentex NCBITaxon:349651 Brama brama NCBITaxon:349652 Dentex angolensis NCBITaxon:349654 Epigonus telescopus NCBITaxon:3497 Morus <eudicots> NCBITaxon:3498 Morus alba NCBITaxon:3499 Urticaceae NCBITaxon:3500 Urtica NCBITaxon:3501 Urtica dioica NCBITaxon:3502 Fagales NCBITaxon:3503 Fagaceae NCBITaxon:3514 Betulaceae NCBITaxon:3524 Caryophyllales NCBITaxon:3542 Aizoaceae NCBITaxon:35493 Streptophyta NCBITaxon:35497 Suina NCBITaxon:3550 Atriplex NCBITaxon:35500 Pecora NCBITaxon:3554 Beta NCBITaxon:35578 Stenotomus NCBITaxon:35579 Stenotomus chrysops NCBITaxon:3558 Chenopodium NCBITaxon:3559 Chenopodium album NCBITaxon:355939 Salsola soda NCBITaxon:3561 Spinacia NCBITaxon:3562 Spinacia oleracea NCBITaxon:3568 Caryophyllaceae NCBITaxon:3573 Silene NCBITaxon:3587 Basellaceae NCBITaxon:35875 Allium fistulosum NCBITaxon:3588 Basella NCBITaxon:3589 Basella alba NCBITaxon:359160 BOP clade NCBITaxon:3593 Cactaceae NCBITaxon:3602 Vitaceae NCBITaxon:3603 Vitis NCBITaxon:3605 Vitis aestivalis NCBITaxon:360502 Plectorhinchus pictus NCBITaxon:360518 Metanephrops rubellus NCBITaxon:360519 Metanephrops thomsoni NCBITaxon:3608 Rhamnaceae NCBITaxon:36103 Haliotis tuberculata NCBITaxon:3615 Polygonaceae NCBITaxon:3616 Fagopyrum NCBITaxon:3617 Fagopyrum esculentum NCBITaxon:3618 Rumex NCBITaxon:36180 Coregonus albula NCBITaxon:36181 Coregonus artedi NCBITaxon:36184 Thymallus NCBITaxon:36185 Thymallus thymallus NCBITaxon:3620 Rheum NCBITaxon:3621 Rheum rhabarbarum NCBITaxon:36211 Trachurus NCBITaxon:36212 Trachurus trachurus NCBITaxon:36218 Boops NCBITaxon:36219 Boops boops NCBITaxon:3623 Actinidiaceae NCBITaxon:3624 Actinidia NCBITaxon:3625 Actinidia chinensis NCBITaxon:362788 Senna tora NCBITaxon:3629 Malvaceae NCBITaxon:3633 Gossypium NCBITaxon:3635 Gossypium hirsutum NCBITaxon:3640 Theobroma NCBITaxon:3642 Lecythidaceae NCBITaxon:364270 Apiineae NCBITaxon:3644 Bertholletia NCBITaxon:3645 Bertholletia excelsa NCBITaxon:3646 Malpighiales NCBITaxon:3647 Caricaceae NCBITaxon:3648 Carica NCBITaxon:3649 Carica papaya NCBITaxon:3650 Cucurbitaceae NCBITaxon:365050 Sardinella zunasi NCBITaxon:365061 Dussumieriidae NCBITaxon:365066 Coilinae NCBITaxon:365067 Engraulinae NCBITaxon:3653 Citrullus NCBITaxon:3654 Citrullus lanatus NCBITaxon:3655 Cucumis NCBITaxon:365580 Pangasius larnaudii NCBITaxon:365581 Pangasius sanitwongsei NCBITaxon:365582 Pseudolais NCBITaxon:3656 Cucumis melo NCBITaxon:36596 Prunus armeniaca NCBITaxon:36599 Sorbus aucuparia NCBITaxon:3660 Cucurbita NCBITaxon:36605 Cormus NCBITaxon:36606 Cormus domestica NCBITaxon:36609 Cydonia NCBITaxon:36610 Cydonia oblonga NCBITaxon:3662 Cucurbita moschata NCBITaxon:3663 Cucurbita pepo NCBITaxon:3669 Luffa NCBITaxon:366935 Gymnachirus NCBITaxon:3670 Luffa aegyptiaca NCBITaxon:3671 Momordica NCBITaxon:3673 Momordica charantia NCBITaxon:3676 Trichosanthes NCBITaxon:3683 Passifloraceae NCBITaxon:3684 Passiflora NCBITaxon:3685 Passiflora quadrangularis NCBITaxon:3688 Salicaceae NCBITaxon:36930 Saccostrea cucullata NCBITaxon:3699 Brassicales NCBITaxon:369968 Micromesistius australis NCBITaxon:3700 Brassicaceae NCBITaxon:37006 Mullus NCBITaxon:37007 Mullus barbatus NCBITaxon:3705 Brassica NCBITaxon:37052 Ardenna grisea NCBITaxon:370613 Illex cf. oxygonius DBC-2006 NCBITaxon:3707 Brassica juncea NCBITaxon:3710 Brassica nigra NCBITaxon:3711 Brassica rapa NCBITaxon:3712 Brassica oleracea NCBITaxon:3714 Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra NCBITaxon:3716 Brassica oleracea var. capitata NCBITaxon:371729 Palinurus charlestoni NCBITaxon:37175 Ovibos NCBITaxon:37176 Ovibos moschatus NCBITaxon:371864 Melanitta fusca NCBITaxon:372310 Patagioenas NCBITaxon:372321 Patagioenas fasciata NCBITaxon:3727 Sinapis NCBITaxon:3728 Sinapis alba NCBITaxon:372802 Scomberomorus koreanus NCBITaxon:372806 Pseudocaranx chilensis NCBITaxon:3729 Sisymbrium NCBITaxon:3731 Diplotaxis <eudicots> NCBITaxon:37334 Citrus maxima NCBITaxon:3737 Sapotaceae NCBITaxon:3740 Manilkara NCBITaxon:3741 Manilkara zapota NCBITaxon:3743 Synsepalum dulcificum NCBITaxon:3744 Rosales NCBITaxon:3745 Rosaceae NCBITaxon:3746 Fragaria NCBITaxon:3747 Fragaria x ananassa NCBITaxon:37488 Diospyros texana NCBITaxon:3749 Malus NCBITaxon:3750 Malus domestica NCBITaxon:375274 Psidium cattleyanum NCBITaxon:3754 Prunus NCBITaxon:3755 Prunus dulcis NCBITaxon:3760 Prunus persica NCBITaxon:37623 Ostrea edulis NCBITaxon:3764 Rosa NCBITaxon:37643 Crassostrea rhizophorae NCBITaxon:37656 Citrus x paradisi NCBITaxon:3766 Pyrus NCBITaxon:376657 Mustelus schmitti NCBITaxon:3767 Pyrus pyrifolia NCBITaxon:376913 Haplorrhini NCBITaxon:37710 Lepas anatifera NCBITaxon:37849 Nephropoidea NCBITaxon:37858 Ostrea NCBITaxon:37901 Lepas NCBITaxon:379584 Caniformia NCBITaxon:38009 Artemiidae NCBITaxon:3801 Ribes NCBITaxon:38010 Lepadidae NCBITaxon:380163 Chionista NCBITaxon:380164 Chionista fluctifraga NCBITaxon:3803 Fabaceae NCBITaxon:3804 Caesalpinioideae NCBITaxon:3807 mimosoid clade NCBITaxon:381124 Zea mays subsp. mays NCBITaxon:3814 Papilionoideae NCBITaxon:38149 Menippe adina NCBITaxon:3817 Arachis NCBITaxon:3818 Arachis hypogaea NCBITaxon:3820 Cajanus NCBITaxon:3821 Cajanus cajan NCBITaxon:3822 Canavalia NCBITaxon:3823 Canavalia ensiformis NCBITaxon:3824 Canavalia gladiata NCBITaxon:3826 Cicer NCBITaxon:3827 Cicer arietinum NCBITaxon:3831 Cyamopsis NCBITaxon:3832 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba NCBITaxon:38413 Eragrostis NCBITaxon:384378 Rastrelliger faughni NCBITaxon:384382 Scomberomorus sinensis NCBITaxon:3846 Glycine NCBITaxon:3847 Glycine max NCBITaxon:38526 Abramis NCBITaxon:38527 Abramis brama NCBITaxon:3853 Lathyrus NCBITaxon:38578 Lamna ditropis NCBITaxon:3859 Lathyrus odoratus NCBITaxon:3860 Lathyrus sativus NCBITaxon:38654 Alligator sinensis NCBITaxon:386614 Amblyraja radiata NCBITaxon:38705 Phyllostachys edulis NCBITaxon:387127 Coccinia grandis NCBITaxon:387448 Strombus alatus NCBITaxon:387452 Macrostrombus costatus NCBITaxon:387470 Strombus pugilis NCBITaxon:387743 Dendrocalamus asper NCBITaxon:38820 Poales NCBITaxon:3883 Phaseolus NCBITaxon:3884 Phaseolus lunatus NCBITaxon:3885 Phaseolus vulgaris NCBITaxon:38851 Gentiana lutea NCBITaxon:3886 Phaseolus coccineus NCBITaxon:3887 Pisum NCBITaxon:3888 Pisum sativum NCBITaxon:3889 Psophocarpus NCBITaxon:3891 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus NCBITaxon:38948 Perna NCBITaxon:3898 Trifolium NCBITaxon:3904 Vicia NCBITaxon:3906 Vicia faba NCBITaxon:3908 Vicia sativa NCBITaxon:39087 Arvicolinae NCBITaxon:39089 Phoca groenlandica NCBITaxon:39090 Phoca largha NCBITaxon:39109 Sphoeroides NCBITaxon:3913 Vigna NCBITaxon:3914 Vigna angularis NCBITaxon:3915 Vigna mungo NCBITaxon:3917 Vigna unguiculata NCBITaxon:39170 Melissa NCBITaxon:39173 Ocimum NCBITaxon:39174 Origanum NCBITaxon:3918 Vigna aconitifolia NCBITaxon:39182 Erignathus NCBITaxon:39193 Gymnocephalus NCBITaxon:39258 Cyrtosperma NCBITaxon:392747 Paullinia cupana NCBITaxon:3928 Lythraceae NCBITaxon:39292 Cyrtosperma merkusii NCBITaxon:39304 Erignathus barbatus NCBITaxon:3931 Myrtaceae NCBITaxon:39338 Melissa officinalis NCBITaxon:39350 Ocimum basilicum NCBITaxon:39352 Origanum vulgare NCBITaxon:39395 Cancer borealis NCBITaxon:394691 Sebastes fasciatus NCBITaxon:394708 Sebastes viviparus NCBITaxon:39475 Muricoidea NCBITaxon:39476 Muricidae NCBITaxon:395311 Rumex arcticus NCBITaxon:3954 Combretaceae NCBITaxon:39556 Grapsidae NCBITaxon:396786 Lutjanus gibbus NCBITaxon:396789 Lutjanus quinquelineatus NCBITaxon:396893 Brachyplatystoma vaillantii NCBITaxon:397937 Chionoecetes angulatus NCBITaxon:397964 Pandalus dispar NCBITaxon:397978 Pandalus montagui NCBITaxon:3997 Simmondsiaceae NCBITaxon:3998 Simmondsia NCBITaxon:3999 Simmondsia chinensis NCBITaxon:39992 Terminalia NCBITaxon:39993 Terminalia catappa NCBITaxon:4004 Linaceae NCBITaxon:4005 Linum NCBITaxon:4006 Linum usitatissimum NCBITaxon:4011 Anacardiaceae NCBITaxon:4014 Burseraceae NCBITaxon:40150 Monodon NCBITaxon:40151 Monodon monoceros NCBITaxon:4018 Tropaeolaceae NCBITaxon:4019 Tropaeolum NCBITaxon:4020 Tropaeolum majus NCBITaxon:40255 Modiolus NCBITaxon:40256 Modiolus modiolus NCBITaxon:403101 Carissa macrocarpa NCBITaxon:4033 Oxalidaceae NCBITaxon:4036 Apiales NCBITaxon:403667 Vitales NCBITaxon:4037 Apiaceae NCBITaxon:4038 Daucus NCBITaxon:4039 Daucus carota NCBITaxon:4044 Apium NCBITaxon:4045 Apium graveolens NCBITaxon:40493 Lutjanus NCBITaxon:40495 Lutjanus analis NCBITaxon:4050 Araliaceae NCBITaxon:40500 Lutjanus vivanus NCBITaxon:40503 Lutjanus griseus NCBITaxon:40504 Lutjanus buccanella NCBITaxon:40505 Lutjanus campechanus NCBITaxon:40508 Etelis NCBITaxon:40509 Etelis oculatus NCBITaxon:4053 Panax NCBITaxon:405322 Piper cubeba NCBITaxon:4054 Panax ginseng NCBITaxon:40548 Dioscoreales NCBITaxon:4055 Gentianales NCBITaxon:40551 Arecales NCBITaxon:40553 Allioideae NCBITaxon:4056 Apocynaceae NCBITaxon:40674 Mammalia NCBITaxon:40685 Salix NCBITaxon:4069 Solanales NCBITaxon:4070 Solanaceae NCBITaxon:4071 Capsicum NCBITaxon:4072 Capsicum annuum NCBITaxon:4081 Solanum lycopersicum NCBITaxon:40829 Barbus NCBITaxon:40830 Barbus barbus NCBITaxon:40906 Scandix NCBITaxon:40909 Scandix pecten-veneris NCBITaxon:410349 Saxidomus gigantea NCBITaxon:410350 Clinocardium nuttallii NCBITaxon:4107 Solanum NCBITaxon:4112 Solanum nigrum NCBITaxon:4113 Solanum tuberosum NCBITaxon:411572 Anchoa hepsetus NCBITaxon:4118 Convolvulaceae NCBITaxon:4119 Ipomoea NCBITaxon:4120 Ipomoea batatas NCBITaxon:41209 Chionoecetes NCBITaxon:41210 Chionoecetes opilio NCBITaxon:41241 Rumex acetosa NCBITaxon:4136 Lamiaceae NCBITaxon:4143 Lamiales NCBITaxon:41447 Seriola dumerili NCBITaxon:414735 Citrus limetta NCBITaxon:41495 Calendula NCBITaxon:41496 Calendula officinalis NCBITaxon:416196 Citrus australasica NCBITaxon:41665 Neopterygii NCBITaxon:41666 Batrachia NCBITaxon:41697 Sardinops melanostictus NCBITaxon:417012 Livistoneae NCBITaxon:417013 Livistoneae incertae sedis NCBITaxon:41705 Protacanthopterygii NCBITaxon:41711 Osmeriformes NCBITaxon:41768 Ranunculales NCBITaxon:41773 Berberidaceae NCBITaxon:41872 Mugiliformes NCBITaxon:41934 Cornales NCBITaxon:41937 Sapindales NCBITaxon:41938 Malvales NCBITaxon:41944 Myrtales NCBITaxon:41945 Ericales NCBITaxon:41946 Saxifragales NCBITaxon:4199 Dipsacales NCBITaxon:4200 Caprifoliaceae NCBITaxon:4201 Sambucus NCBITaxon:4202 Sambucus nigra NCBITaxon:4204 Viburnum NCBITaxon:42043 Silene vulgaris NCBITaxon:420456 Rostroraja alba NCBITaxon:420460 Dipturus batis NCBITaxon:4206 Adoxaceae NCBITaxon:4209 Asterales NCBITaxon:4210 Asteraceae NCBITaxon:42148 Moronidae NCBITaxon:4216 Arctium NCBITaxon:4217 Arctium lappa NCBITaxon:4221 Carthamus NCBITaxon:42219 Cornaceae NCBITaxon:4222 Carthamus tinctorius NCBITaxon:4231 Helianthus NCBITaxon:4232 Helianthus annuus NCBITaxon:4233 Helianthus tuberosus NCBITaxon:42330 Acipenser naccarii NCBITaxon:423307 Crescentieae NCBITaxon:42336 Bidens NCBITaxon:42337 Bidens pilosa NCBITaxon:42345 Phoenix dactylifera NCBITaxon:4235 Lactuca NCBITaxon:4236 Lactuca sativa NCBITaxon:424551 Solanoideae NCBITaxon:424564 Capsiceae NCBITaxon:424569 Lycieae NCBITaxon:424573 Physaleae NCBITaxon:424574 Solaneae NCBITaxon:42507 Schilbe NCBITaxon:425520 Anarhichas denticulatus NCBITaxon:426097 Eutrigla NCBITaxon:426098 Eutrigla gurnardus NCBITaxon:426101 Viticoideae NCBITaxon:4264 Cynara NCBITaxon:426484 Mugil liza NCBITaxon:4265 Cynara cardunculus NCBITaxon:42662 Phoxinus NCBITaxon:4268 Malpighiaceae NCBITaxon:4269 Byrsonima NCBITaxon:4270 Byrsonima crassifolia NCBITaxon:428033 Atheresthes NCBITaxon:428034 Atheresthes stomias NCBITaxon:4281 Cornus NCBITaxon:4285 Cornus mas NCBITaxon:42891 Engraulis NCBITaxon:42892 Engraulis japonicus NCBITaxon:429176 Glycymeris glycymeris NCBITaxon:429256 Carissa spinarum NCBITaxon:4294 Aquifoliaceae NCBITaxon:4295 Ilex NCBITaxon:4298 Ilex aquifolium NCBITaxon:430081 Aulopus filamentosus NCBITaxon:43062 Engraulidae NCBITaxon:43068 Centella NCBITaxon:433 Acetobacteraceae NCBITaxon:43311 Fratercula cirrhata NCBITaxon:43363 Aesculus NCBITaxon:434 Acetobacter NCBITaxon:4345 Ericaceae NCBITaxon:435155 Harpadon nehereus NCBITaxon:43521 Morinda NCBITaxon:43522 Morinda citrifolia NCBITaxon:435271 Parastromateus NCBITaxon:435272 Parastromateus niger NCBITaxon:436486 Dinosauria NCBITaxon:436489 Saurischia NCBITaxon:436491 Theropoda NCBITaxon:436492 Coelurosauria NCBITaxon:43690 Canarium <eudicots> NCBITaxon:43691 Canarium ovatum NCBITaxon:43707 Meliaceae NCBITaxon:43724 Quassia NCBITaxon:43725 Quassia amara NCBITaxon:43850 Schinus NCBITaxon:43851 Schinus molle NCBITaxon:43860 Spondias NCBITaxon:43861 Spondias dulcis NCBITaxon:4410 Nymphaeaceae NCBITaxon:44108 Penaeus notialis NCBITaxon:4413 Euryale <flowering plants> NCBITaxon:4414 Euryale ferox NCBITaxon:4415 Nuphar NCBITaxon:4429 Nelumbonaceae NCBITaxon:4430 Nelumbo NCBITaxon:4432 Nelumbo nucifera NCBITaxon:443710 Parapercis colias NCBITaxon:443715 Pseudocaranx wrighti NCBITaxon:443747 Aldrichetta NCBITaxon:443748 Aldrichetta forsteri NCBITaxon:443751 Bidyanus NCBITaxon:443752 Bidyanus bidyanus NCBITaxon:443791 Lotella NCBITaxon:443792 Lotella rhacina NCBITaxon:443799 Paratrachichthys NCBITaxon:443801 Percophis NCBITaxon:443802 Percophis brasiliensis NCBITaxon:443805 Pseudophycis NCBITaxon:443806 Pseudophycis bachus NCBITaxon:443809 Rhombosolea NCBITaxon:4441 Camellia NCBITaxon:4442 Camellia sinensis NCBITaxon:4447 Liliopsida NCBITaxon:445212 Pleoticus NCBITaxon:445213 Pleoticus muelleri NCBITaxon:445221 Penaeus brevirostris NCBITaxon:445224 Parapenaeus longirostris NCBITaxon:445361 Saurida tumbil NCBITaxon:445362 Sphyraena jello NCBITaxon:4454 Araceae NCBITaxon:44588 Panax quinquefolius NCBITaxon:44596 Arca NCBITaxon:446348 Malva verticillata NCBITaxon:44685 Panax japonicus NCBITaxon:4479 Poaceae NCBITaxon:4496 Avena NCBITaxon:4498 Avena sativa NCBITaxon:4504 Coix NCBITaxon:4505 Coix lacryma-jobi NCBITaxon:4510 Eleusine NCBITaxon:4511 Eleusine coracana NCBITaxon:4512 Hordeum NCBITaxon:4513 Hordeum vulgare NCBITaxon:45178 Coccoloba NCBITaxon:45179 Coccoloba uvifera NCBITaxon:451864 Dikarya NCBITaxon:45204 Gobius NCBITaxon:452416 Origanum onites NCBITaxon:4527 Oryza NCBITaxon:4530 Oryza sativa NCBITaxon:45317 Tetragonia <eudicots> NCBITaxon:45318 Tetragonia tetragonoides NCBITaxon:4538 Oryza glaberrima NCBITaxon:4539 Panicum NCBITaxon:4540 Panicum miliaceum NCBITaxon:454057 Pampus cinereus NCBITaxon:454142 Lutjanus purpureus NCBITaxon:4543 Cenchrus americanus NCBITaxon:4549 Secale NCBITaxon:4550 Secale cereale NCBITaxon:455045 Abelmoschus esculentus NCBITaxon:455157 Hippoglossina NCBITaxon:4554 Setaria <monocots> NCBITaxon:455479 Lutjanus guttatus NCBITaxon:4555 Setaria italica NCBITaxon:4557 Sorghum NCBITaxon:4558 Sorghum bicolor NCBITaxon:45618 Echinochloa NCBITaxon:45623 Pelophylax lessonae NCBITaxon:4564 Triticum NCBITaxon:4565 Triticum aestivum NCBITaxon:4567 Triticum turgidum subsp. durum NCBITaxon:4568 Triticum monococcum NCBITaxon:4571 Triticum turgidum NCBITaxon:4575 Zea NCBITaxon:4577 Zea mays NCBITaxon:45782 Macquaria NCBITaxon:4583 Cenchrus NCBITaxon:45834 Solanum dulcamara NCBITaxon:458351 Pediomelum NCBITaxon:458363 Pediomelum esculentum NCBITaxon:458545 Acanthistius brasilianus NCBITaxon:458553 Bassanago NCBITaxon:458581 Lycengraulis NCBITaxon:458582 Lycengraulis grossidens NCBITaxon:458595 Parona NCBITaxon:458596 Parona signata NCBITaxon:458610 Seriolella porosa NCBITaxon:45918 Empetrum NCBITaxon:45948 Corbicula NCBITaxon:45949 Corbicula fluminea NCBITaxon:4609 Cyperaceae NCBITaxon:4610 Cyperus NCBITaxon:4613 Bromeliaceae NCBITaxon:4614 Ananas NCBITaxon:46145 Claytonia NCBITaxon:46146 Claytonia perfoliata NCBITaxon:461499 Atherinopsidae NCBITaxon:4615 Ananas comosus NCBITaxon:4618 Zingiberales NCBITaxon:4619 Marantaceae NCBITaxon:46259 Morone chrysops NCBITaxon:46260 Morone americana NCBITaxon:462888 Leukoma NCBITaxon:462889 Leukoma staminea NCBITaxon:46324 Eleocharis NCBITaxon:4637 Musaceae NCBITaxon:4638 Ensete NCBITaxon:4639 Ensete ventricosum NCBITaxon:4640 Musa NCBITaxon:4641 Musa acuminata NCBITaxon:4642 Zingiberaceae NCBITaxon:4645 Hedychium NCBITaxon:46474 Aerodramus NCBITaxon:46478 Aerodramus fuciphagus NCBITaxon:4650 Zingiber NCBITaxon:466544 Perdicinae NCBITaxon:466552 Meleagridinae NCBITaxon:466611 Lactuca sativa var. crispa NCBITaxon:4668 Amaryllidaceae NCBITaxon:4671 Dioscoreaceae NCBITaxon:4672 Dioscorea NCBITaxon:4678 Allium NCBITaxon:4679 Allium cepa NCBITaxon:4681 Allium ampeloprasum NCBITaxon:4682 Allium sativum NCBITaxon:469659 Alosa mediocris NCBITaxon:47034 Hedysarum NCBITaxon:47081 Melilotus NCBITaxon:47083 Melilotus officinalis NCBITaxon:4710 Arecaceae NCBITaxon:4719 Phoenix NCBITaxon:4720 Phoenix reclinata NCBITaxon:4721 Serenoa NCBITaxon:4722 Serenoa repens NCBITaxon:472369 Vaccinium angustifolium NCBITaxon:472403 Allium canadense NCBITaxon:47307 Neogobius NCBITaxon:47308 Neogobius melanostomus NCBITaxon:47309 Proterorhinus NCBITaxon:4731 Typhaceae NCBITaxon:47310 Proterorhinus marmoratus NCBITaxon:4732 Typha NCBITaxon:4733 Typha latifolia NCBITaxon:473319 Macrourus berglax NCBITaxon:4734 commelinids NCBITaxon:4747 Orchidaceae NCBITaxon:4751 Fungi NCBITaxon:475167 Lutjanus lutjanus NCBITaxon:47605 Hibiscus NCBITaxon:476914 Ammodytes hexapterus NCBITaxon:477288 Bassanago bulbiceps NCBITaxon:47969 Oreochromis aureus NCBITaxon:479862 Aluterus monoceros NCBITaxon:480040 Coregonus pidschian NCBITaxon:480368 Borassus aethiopum NCBITaxon:48041 Levisticum NCBITaxon:48042 Levisticum officinale NCBITaxon:480971 Caryocar brasiliense NCBITaxon:48106 Centella asiatica NCBITaxon:48141 Euphausia crystallorophias NCBITaxon:48142 Euphausia vallentini NCBITaxon:48143 Meganyctiphanes NCBITaxon:48144 Meganyctiphanes norvegica NCBITaxon:48168 Thunnus atlanticus NCBITaxon:48169 Thunnus tonggol NCBITaxon:48193 Mugil cephalus NCBITaxon:48194 Mugil curema NCBITaxon:48233 Hippophae NCBITaxon:482916 Sphoeroides maculatus NCBITaxon:482918 Orthopristis NCBITaxon:482919 Orthopristis chrysoptera NCBITaxon:483417 Eriphia verrucosa NCBITaxon:48399 Crocodylus acutus NCBITaxon:48415 Zoarces NCBITaxon:48416 Zoarces viviparus NCBITaxon:48560 Capreolus pygargus NCBITaxon:48667 Rutilus NCBITaxon:48668 Rutilus rutilus NCBITaxon:4890 Ascomycota ascomycetes sac fungi Ascomycota NCBITaxon:4891 Saccharomycetes NCBITaxon:4892 Saccharomycetales NCBITaxon:4893 Saccharomycetaceae NCBITaxon:489404 Tordylieae NCBITaxon:489417 Tordylium apulum NCBITaxon:490245 Anisotremus virginicus NCBITaxon:490273 Plectorhinchus macrolepis NCBITaxon:490275 Polydactylus macrochir NCBITaxon:490310 Brachydeuterus NCBITaxon:490311 Brachydeuterus auritus NCBITaxon:490374 Rhombosoleidae NCBITaxon:490585 Metanephrops andamanicus NCBITaxon:490586 Metanephrops arafurensis NCBITaxon:490587 Metanephrops australiensis NCBITaxon:490588 Metanephrops binghami NCBITaxon:490589 Metanephrops boschmai NCBITaxon:490590 Metanephrops challengeri NCBITaxon:490591 Metanephrops formosanus NCBITaxon:490592 Metanephrops japonicus NCBITaxon:490593 Metanephrops neptunus NCBITaxon:490594 Metanephrops sagamiensis NCBITaxon:490595 Metanephrops sibogae NCBITaxon:490596 Metanephrops sinensis NCBITaxon:490597 Metanephrops velutinus NCBITaxon:4910 Kluyveromyces NCBITaxon:491138 Crangon crangon NCBITaxon:492024 Alepocephalus australis NCBITaxon:49212 Salvia hispanica NCBITaxon:49225 Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum NCBITaxon:49274 Solanum subgen. Lycopersicon NCBITaxon:4930 Saccharomyces NCBITaxon:49314 Annona cherimola NCBITaxon:4932 Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast brewer's yeast lager beer yeast yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCBITaxon:495042 Cetengraulis NCBITaxon:497223 Gobiinae NCBITaxon:49743 Taraxacum NCBITaxon:497678 Oxudercinae NCBITaxon:499535 Cynoscion striatus NCBITaxon:499857 Thyrsites NCBITaxon:499858 Thyrsites atun NCBITaxon:500315 Artemesia NCBITaxon:500316 Artemesia longinaris NCBITaxon:50190 Sonchus NCBITaxon:50193 Sonchus asper NCBITaxon:50207 Sonchus oleraceus NCBITaxon:50225 Taraxacum officinale NCBITaxon:50370 Anabantoidei NCBITaxon:50374 Channoidei NCBITaxon:50384 Ameiurus NCBITaxon:50416 Mimachlamys NCBITaxon:50417 Mimachlamys varia NCBITaxon:504414 Eriphia gonagra NCBITaxon:504567 Coregoninae NCBITaxon:504568 Salmoninae NCBITaxon:504569 Thymallinae NCBITaxon:50457 Barbarea NCBITaxon:50458 Barbarea verna NCBITaxon:50459 Barbarea vulgaris NCBITaxon:50543 Trichosanthes cucumerina NCBITaxon:50592 Pagellus NCBITaxon:50593 Pagellus erythrinus NCBITaxon:506 Alcaligenaceae NCBITaxon:507566 Euthynnus lineatus NCBITaxon:508656 Hyperoplus NCBITaxon:508657 Hyperoplus lanceolatus NCBITaxon:51088 Myristica NCBITaxon:51089 Myristica fragrans NCBITaxon:511543 Piper guineense NCBITaxon:51238 Vanilla NCBITaxon:51239 Vanilla planifolia NCBITaxon:51240 Juglans regia NCBITaxon:513163 Xanthosoma brasiliense NCBITaxon:51331 Rana dalmatina NCBITaxon:51350 Brassica rapa subsp. rapa NCBITaxon:51371 Todarodes filippovae NCBITaxon:51383 Asphodelaceae NCBITaxon:515230 Seriphus NCBITaxon:515231 Seriphus politus NCBITaxon:516948 Vaccinium oxycoccos NCBITaxon:51952 Elaeis NCBITaxon:51953 Elaeis guineensis NCBITaxon:521022 Cetengraulis edentulus NCBITaxon:521024 Etrumeus whiteheadi NCBITaxon:52272 Scorpaenichthys NCBITaxon:52273 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus NCBITaxon:52463 Tordylium NCBITaxon:52470 Ferula NCBITaxon:52471 Ferula assa-foetida NCBITaxon:52569 Trachyspermum NCBITaxon:52570 Trachyspermum ammi NCBITaxon:52618 Chondrostoma NCBITaxon:52619 Chondrostoma nasus NCBITaxon:526614 Psettodes bennettii NCBITaxon:526617 Pelotretis NCBITaxon:526618 Pelotretis flavilatus NCBITaxon:526619 Peltorhamphus NCBITaxon:526620 Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae NCBITaxon:52902 Scophthalmidae NCBITaxon:52903 Scophthalmus NCBITaxon:52904 Scophthalmus maximus NCBITaxon:52935 Glycymerididae NCBITaxon:52936 Glycymeris NCBITaxon:533031 Canarium schweinfurthii NCBITaxon:53747 Echinacea <eudicots> NCBITaxon:53749 Echinacea pallida NCBITaxon:53751 Echinacea purpurea NCBITaxon:53868 Dialium NCBITaxon:53872 Dipteryx NCBITaxon:53873 Dipteryx odorata NCBITaxon:53922 Senna NCBITaxon:54476 Vitex NCBITaxon:54477 Vitex agnus-castus NCBITaxon:54555 Alburnus NCBITaxon:54556 Alburnus alburnus NCBITaxon:546538 Apsilinae NCBITaxon:546539 Apsilus NCBITaxon:54707 Chaerophyllum NCBITaxon:548163 Meuschenia scaber NCBITaxon:54903 Hiodon NCBITaxon:54904 Hiodon alosoides NCBITaxon:549391 Alloteuthis media NCBITaxon:549588 Lophius vomerinus NCBITaxon:55111 Notacanthidae NCBITaxon:55112 Notacanthus NCBITaxon:55118 Clupeidae NCBITaxon:55119 Alosinae NCBITaxon:551287 Sepiida NCBITaxon:551290 Teuthida NCBITaxon:551347 Myopsida NCBITaxon:551351 Sepiina NCBITaxon:55139 Squatiniformes NCBITaxon:55140 Squatinidae NCBITaxon:55141 Squatina NCBITaxon:55153 Sciuridae NCBITaxon:552058 Alloteuthis NCBITaxon:55292 Huso NCBITaxon:55363 Diospyros lotus NCBITaxon:55512 Pistacia NCBITaxon:55513 Pistacia vera NCBITaxon:555451 Metacarcinus NCBITaxon:55577 Dioscorea cayenensis subsp. rotundata NCBITaxon:55581 Dioscorea trifida NCBITaxon:55669 Stevia NCBITaxon:55670 Stevia rebaudiana NCBITaxon:557009 Melicoccus NCBITaxon:557010 Melicoccus bijugatus NCBITaxon:55708 Cardiidae NCBITaxon:55709 Cerastoderma NCBITaxon:55710 Cerastoderma edule NCBITaxon:557237 Chaceon granulatus NCBITaxon:557337 Bathyraja spinicauda NCBITaxon:55961 Clusiaceae NCBITaxon:55962 Hypericum NCBITaxon:561520 Zoarcinae NCBITaxon:56268 Bubo virginianus NCBITaxon:56298 Scolopax NCBITaxon:56299 Scolopax minor NCBITaxon:56866 Luffa acutangula NCBITaxon:568884 Nematalosa nasus NCBITaxon:57493 Kocuria NCBITaxon:57576 Hedysarum alpinum NCBITaxon:57577 Trifolium pratense NCBITaxon:576988 Homarinus NCBITaxon:576990 Homarinus capensis NCBITaxon:57865 Gymnocephalus cernua NCBITaxon:57918 Fragaria vesca NCBITaxon:57936 Rubus chamaemorus NCBITaxon:57983 Isurus oxyrinchus NCBITaxon:58019 Pinopsida NCBITaxon:58023 Tracheophyta NCBITaxon:58024 Spermatophyta NCBITaxon:58031 Cycas rumphii NCBITaxon:58039 Juniperus communis NCBITaxon:58219 Decapterus NCBITaxon:58220 Decapterus maruadsi NCBITaxon:58227 Garcinia NCBITaxon:58228 Garcinia mangostana NCBITaxon:58318 Scardinius NCBITaxon:58324 Phoxinus phoxinus NCBITaxon:58326 Rhodeus NCBITaxon:58327 Rhodeus sericeus NCBITaxon:58485 Genipa NCBITaxon:58486 Genipa americana NCBITaxon:58666 Ensis directus NCBITaxon:586844 Parupeneus cyclostomus NCBITaxon:587144 Crangon septemspinosa NCBITaxon:58859 Tamarindus NCBITaxon:58860 Tamarindus indica NCBITaxon:58880 Phyllanthus <eudicots> NCBITaxon:58933 Triticum spelta NCBITaxon:58934 Zizania latifolia NCBITaxon:58949 Crocus NCBITaxon:59011 Typha angustifolia NCBITaxon:591258 Nemapteryx nenga NCBITaxon:591290 Nemapteryx NCBITaxon:59165 Valerianella NCBITaxon:59166 Valerianella locusta NCBITaxon:59237 Arcticidae NCBITaxon:59238 Arctica NCBITaxon:59239 Arctica islandica NCBITaxon:59291 Coregonus lavaretus NCBITaxon:59295 Stenodus NCBITaxon:59296 Stenodus leucichthys NCBITaxon:59496 Rubus parviflorus NCBITaxon:59499 Rubus spectabilis NCBITaxon:59687 Sardinops neopilchardus NCBITaxon:59688 Sardinops ocellatus NCBITaxon:59755 Scyllaridae NCBITaxon:59756 Metanephrops NCBITaxon:59757 Metanephrops mozambicus NCBITaxon:59761 Panulirus longipes NCBITaxon:59836 Leiostomus NCBITaxon:59837 Leiostomus xanthurus NCBITaxon:59861 Coregonus clupeaformis NCBITaxon:598664 Odontesthes regia NCBITaxon:59945 Rexea NCBITaxon:59946 Rexea solandri NCBITaxon:600346 Portuninae NCBITaxon:603452 Girellidae NCBITaxon:60419 Castanea mollissima NCBITaxon:60423 Fagus grandifolia NCBITaxon:6072 Eumetazoa NCBITaxon:61083 Plecoglossus NCBITaxon:61084 Plecoglossus altivelis NCBITaxon:61127 Anguilla dieffenbachii NCBITaxon:613112 Boswellia serrata NCBITaxon:61359 Hiatellidae NCBITaxon:61360 Panopea NCBITaxon:61674 Acipenser sturio NCBITaxon:617122 Apsilus dentatus NCBITaxon:61715 Hapalochlaena NCBITaxon:61716 Hapalochlaena maculosa NCBITaxon:61886 Cucumis metuliferus NCBITaxon:61967 Acipenser nudiventris NCBITaxon:61971 Huso huso NCBITaxon:62062 Hucho hucho NCBITaxon:62618 Lepus arcticus NCBITaxon:627230 Ostrea lurida NCBITaxon:629286 Scalpellomorpha NCBITaxon:629714 Hypericaceae NCBITaxon:630280 Macrourinae NCBITaxon:630654 Coelorinchus aspercephalus NCBITaxon:630662 Coelorinchus kaiyomaru NCBITaxon:630680 Macrourus carinatus NCBITaxon:63171 Hypsophrys NCBITaxon:63459 Chenopodium quinoa NCBITaxon:637930 Aframomum melegueta NCBITaxon:637986 Ponticola NCBITaxon:63802 Peumus NCBITaxon:63812 Peumus boldus NCBITaxon:640623 Aveninae NCBITaxon:64107 Zeus NCBITaxon:64108 Zeus faber NCBITaxon:641108 Myzopsetta proboscidea NCBITaxon:641111 Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus NCBITaxon:641307 Percinae NCBITaxon:641308 Luciopercinae NCBITaxon:64142 Anabantidae NCBITaxon:64143 Anabas NCBITaxon:64144 Anabas testudineus NCBITaxon:64152 Channa striata NCBITaxon:64185 Oncorhynchus gilae NCBITaxon:64231 Sicyos NCBITaxon:643729 Procambarus alleni NCBITaxon:64463 Sicyoniidae NCBITaxon:64464 Sicyonia NCBITaxon:64465 Penaeus canaliculatus NCBITaxon:64466 Penaeus duorarum NCBITaxon:64467 Penaeus semisulcatus NCBITaxon:64468 Penaeus setiferus NCBITaxon:6447 Mollusca NCBITaxon:6448 Gastropoda NCBITaxon:6451 Haliotidae NCBITaxon:645159 Palaemon serratus NCBITaxon:6452 Haliotis NCBITaxon:6453 Haliotis corrugata NCBITaxon:6454 Haliotis rufescens NCBITaxon:6455 Haliotis cracherodii NCBITaxon:6456 Haliotis fulgens NCBITaxon:6457 Haliotis kamtschatkana NCBITaxon:6458 Haliotis sorenseni NCBITaxon:64580 Tilia NCBITaxon:6459 Haliotis walallensis NCBITaxon:6479 Neogastropoda NCBITaxon:648071 Oncorhynchus chrysogaster NCBITaxon:648166 Etmopterus spinax NCBITaxon:65125 Scophthalmus rhombus NCBITaxon:6527 Stylommatophora NCBITaxon:6533 Helicidae NCBITaxon:6534 Helix NCBITaxon:6535 Cornu aspersum NCBITaxon:65351 Lepidium campestre NCBITaxon:6536 Helix pomatia NCBITaxon:6544 Bivalvia NCBITaxon:6545 Pteriomorphia NCBITaxon:6546 Mytilida NCBITaxon:6547 Mytilidae NCBITaxon:6548 Mytilus NCBITaxon:6549 Mytilus californianus NCBITaxon:6550 Mytilus edulis NCBITaxon:6551 Mytilus trossulus NCBITaxon:6552 Arcoida NCBITaxon:6553 Arcidae NCBITaxon:65561 Hypericum perforatum NCBITaxon:6557 Barbatia NCBITaxon:6562 Ostreida NCBITaxon:6563 Ostreidae NCBITaxon:6564 Crassostrea NCBITaxon:6565 Crassostrea virginica NCBITaxon:6566 Pectinidae NCBITaxon:6569 Chlamys NCBITaxon:6572 Patinopecten NCBITaxon:65739 Anarhichas minor NCBITaxon:6576 Placopecten NCBITaxon:6577 Placopecten magellanicus NCBITaxon:6578 Pecten NCBITaxon:6579 Pecten maximus NCBITaxon:6580 Venerida NCBITaxon:6581 Mactridae NCBITaxon:6582 Spisula NCBITaxon:6584 Spisula solidissima NCBITaxon:6585 Solenidae NCBITaxon:6586 Ensis NCBITaxon:6592 Veneridae NCBITaxon:6593 Macrocallista NCBITaxon:6594 Macrocallista nimbosa NCBITaxon:6595 Mercenaria NCBITaxon:6596 Mercenaria mercenaria NCBITaxon:6599 Heteroconchia NCBITaxon:6601 Myoidea NCBITaxon:66017 Digitaria <monocots> NCBITaxon:6602 Myidae NCBITaxon:6603 Mya NCBITaxon:6604 Mya arenaria NCBITaxon:6605 Cephalopoda NCBITaxon:6606 Coleoidea NCBITaxon:6608 Sepiidae NCBITaxon:6609 Sepia NCBITaxon:6610 Sepia officinalis NCBITaxon:661134 Sphyrna tudes NCBITaxon:6615 Loliginidae NCBITaxon:6616 Loligo NCBITaxon:662062 Paratrachichthys trailli NCBITaxon:6622 Loligo vulgaris NCBITaxon:6626 Ommastrephidae NCBITaxon:6627 Illex NCBITaxon:6628 Illex argentinus NCBITaxon:6629 Illex illecebrosus NCBITaxon:6630 Nototodarus NCBITaxon:6631 Nototodarus gouldi NCBITaxon:6636 Todarodes NCBITaxon:6637 Todarodes pacificus NCBITaxon:6638 Octopoda NCBITaxon:66386 Ficus pumila NCBITaxon:6639 Eledone NCBITaxon:6641 Eledone moschata NCBITaxon:6643 Octopus NCBITaxon:66437 Tragelaphus angasii NCBITaxon:6645 Octopus vulgaris NCBITaxon:6646 Incirrata NCBITaxon:6647 Octopodidae NCBITaxon:6650 Polyplacophora NCBITaxon:6651 Neoloricata NCBITaxon:6652 Chitonida NCBITaxon:6656 Arthropoda NCBITaxon:6657 Crustacea NCBITaxon:6658 Branchiopoda NCBITaxon:6659 Anostraca NCBITaxon:6660 Artemia NCBITaxon:66655 Durio NCBITaxon:66656 Durio zibethinus NCBITaxon:66670 Bixaceae NCBITaxon:66671 Bixa NCBITaxon:66672 Bixa orellana NCBITaxon:66703 Barbatia cancellaria NCBITaxon:66718 Paralichthys dentatus NCBITaxon:6675 Cirripedia NCBITaxon:6676 Thoracica NCBITaxon:6681 Malacostraca NCBITaxon:6682 Eucarida NCBITaxon:6683 Decapoda NCBITaxon:6684 Dendrobranchiata NCBITaxon:6685 Penaeidae NCBITaxon:6687 Penaeus monodon NCBITaxon:6689 Penaeus vannamei NCBITaxon:66911 Ameiurus catus NCBITaxon:66912 Ameiurus natalis NCBITaxon:66913 Ictalurus furcatus NCBITaxon:6692 Pleocyemata NCBITaxon:6694 Caridea NCBITaxon:6695 Palaemonidae NCBITaxon:6696 Macrobrachium NCBITaxon:669814 Salix pulchra NCBITaxon:669897 Vanilla x tahitensis NCBITaxon:6701 Pandalidae NCBITaxon:6702 Pandalus NCBITaxon:6703 Pandalus borealis NCBITaxon:6704 Nephropidae NCBITaxon:6705 Homarus NCBITaxon:6706 Homarus americanus NCBITaxon:6707 Homarus gammarus NCBITaxon:670798 Benthophilinae NCBITaxon:670801 Neogobiini NCBITaxon:670802 Ponticolini NCBITaxon:6712 Astacidea NCBITaxon:6713 Astacidae NCBITaxon:6714 Astacus NCBITaxon:6715 Astacus astacus NCBITaxon:6724 Astacoidea NCBITaxon:6725 Cambaridae NCBITaxon:6726 Procambarus NCBITaxon:6728 Procambarus clarkii NCBITaxon:6730 Achelata NCBITaxon:6731 Palinuridae NCBITaxon:6732 Palinurus NCBITaxon:6734 Panulirus NCBITaxon:6736 Panulirus japonicus NCBITaxon:6737 Panulirus argus NCBITaxon:6738 Anomura NCBITaxon:6739 Lithodidae NCBITaxon:6740 Paralithodes NCBITaxon:6741 Paralithodes camtschaticus NCBITaxon:6744 Paguroidea NCBITaxon:6752 Brachyura NCBITaxon:6753 Cancridae NCBITaxon:6754 Cancer NCBITaxon:6755 Cancer pagurus NCBITaxon:6756 Cancer irroratus NCBITaxon:6757 Portunidae NCBITaxon:6762 Callinectes NCBITaxon:6763 Callinectes sapidus NCBITaxon:6774 Portunoidea NCBITaxon:6775 Geryonidae NCBITaxon:67771 Callipepla californica NCBITaxon:6778 Xanthoidea NCBITaxon:6780 Menippe NCBITaxon:6781 Menippe mercenaria NCBITaxon:680237 Crescentia alata NCBITaxon:6804 Majoidea NCBITaxon:6805 Majidae NCBITaxon:6816 Euphausiacea NCBITaxon:6817 Euphausiidae NCBITaxon:6818 Euphausia NCBITaxon:6819 Euphausia superba NCBITaxon:6828 Nephrops NCBITaxon:6829 Nephrops norvegicus NCBITaxon:68336 Bacteroidota/Chlorobiota group NCBITaxon:68454 Scyliorhinus stellaris NCBITaxon:68455 Crocodylus siamensis NCBITaxon:68510 Aulopiformes NCBITaxon:685122 Dicroglossidae NCBITaxon:68520 Macrourus NCBITaxon:68534 Casimiroa NCBITaxon:68535 Casimiroa edulis NCBITaxon:690869 Pseudobatos percellens NCBITaxon:69108 Adansonia NCBITaxon:69109 Adansonia digitata NCBITaxon:69117 Pachira NCBITaxon:69128 Atherinidae NCBITaxon:691794 Ethmidium NCBITaxon:691795 Ethmidium maculatum NCBITaxon:69266 Vaccinium corymbosum NCBITaxon:69296 Tragelaphus buxtoni NCBITaxon:693430 Pusa NCBITaxon:69555 Caenogastropoda NCBITaxon:69675 Patellogastropoda NCBITaxon:69676 Lottiidae NCBITaxon:69679 Littorinoidea NCBITaxon:69694 Strombidae NCBITaxon:69695 Strombus NCBITaxon:697225 Lutjanus colorado NCBITaxon:69811 Leuciscus idus NCBITaxon:69930 Schilbe mystus NCBITaxon:69943 Lota NCBITaxon:69944 Lota lota NCBITaxon:70004 Aspalathus NCBITaxon:700652 Mugil trichodon NCBITaxon:700795 Harengula clupeola NCBITaxon:700796 Harengula humeralis NCBITaxon:700800 Scorpaena grandicornis NCBITaxon:70193 Sepiola atlantica NCBITaxon:70285 Thymallus arcticus NCBITaxon:703248 Allieae NCBITaxon:703253 Calophyllaceae NCBITaxon:703407 Montiaceae NCBITaxon:703538 Asphodeloideae NCBITaxon:70445 Rastrelliger NCBITaxon:70446 Rastrelliger kanagurta NCBITaxon:70846 Uranoscopidae NCBITaxon:71239 Cucurbitales NCBITaxon:71240 eudicotyledons NCBITaxon:71243 Oxalidales NCBITaxon:71274 asterids NCBITaxon:71275 rosids NCBITaxon:71323 Camelina NCBITaxon:71365 Sisymbrium altissimum NCBITaxon:71410 Penaeus brasiliensis NCBITaxon:71411 Penaeus kerathurus NCBITaxon:71412 Penaeus merguiensis NCBITaxon:714659 Cetengraulis mysticetus NCBITaxon:71610 Hedychium coronarium NCBITaxon:71611 Malpighia glabra NCBITaxon:716545 saccharomyceta saccharomyceta NCBITaxon:72025 Fabales NCBITaxon:72041 Eumalacostraca NCBITaxon:72055 Sebastes alutus NCBITaxon:72069 Sebastes diploproa NCBITaxon:72073 Sebastes entomelas NCBITaxon:72076 Sebastes flavidus NCBITaxon:72078 Sebastes goodei NCBITaxon:72083 Sebastes levis NCBITaxon:72085 Sebastes melanops NCBITaxon:72087 Sebastes miniatus NCBITaxon:72088 Sebastes mystinus NCBITaxon:72092 Sebastes ovalis NCBITaxon:72093 Sebastes paucispinis NCBITaxon:72094 Sebastes pinniger NCBITaxon:72098 Sebastes ruberrimus NCBITaxon:72100 Sebastes rufus NCBITaxon:72101 Sebastes saxicola NCBITaxon:72102 Sebastes serranoides NCBITaxon:72113 Scorpaena NCBITaxon:72171 Ziziphus NCBITaxon:721789 Potentilleae NCBITaxon:721805 Amygdaleae NCBITaxon:721813 Maleae NCBITaxon:722432 Conodon NCBITaxon:722433 Conodon nobilis NCBITaxon:722570 Trinectes inscriptus NCBITaxon:723540 Mobula hypostoma NCBITaxon:72383 Caryocaraceae NCBITaxon:72384 Caryocar NCBITaxon:72402 Senna alexandrina NCBITaxon:72430 Cambarinae NCBITaxon:72630 Pachygrapsus NCBITaxon:72636 Pachygrapsus transversus NCBITaxon:72691 Lottia NCBITaxon:73496 Asparagales NCBITaxon:735337 Euheterodonta NCBITaxon:741943 Zeus capensis NCBITaxon:742010 Carduinae NCBITaxon:742011 Centaureinae NCBITaxon:74489 Veneroidea NCBITaxon:745060 Scorzonerinae NCBITaxon:745062 Lactucinae NCBITaxon:745063 Hyoseridinae NCBITaxon:745067 Crepidinae NCBITaxon:745090 Cichoriinae NCBITaxon:745121 Cilus NCBITaxon:745122 Cilus gilberti NCBITaxon:74632 Rosa gallica NCBITaxon:74635 Rosa canina NCBITaxon:74663 Amorphophallus NCBITaxon:74900 Allium schoenoprasum NCBITaxon:74940 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha NCBITaxon:75015 Caranx latus NCBITaxon:75033 Pomatomus NCBITaxon:75034 Pomatomus saltatrix NCBITaxon:75065 Rubus caesius NCBITaxon:75079 Rubus occidentalis NCBITaxon:75080 Rubus odoratus NCBITaxon:75085 Rubus phoenicolasius NCBITaxon:75099 Rubus ulmifolius NCBITaxon:75100 Rubus ursinus NCBITaxon:751752 Eragrostidinae NCBITaxon:751762 Eleusininae NCBITaxon:751929 Pomatoschistus minutus complex NCBITaxon:75287 Pylodictis NCBITaxon:75288 Pylodictis olivaris NCBITaxon:75562 Pagrus auratus NCBITaxon:75727 Zizania aquatica NCBITaxon:7586 Echinodermata NCBITaxon:75938 Dallia NCBITaxon:75939 Dallia pectoralis NCBITaxon:75943 Lactuca serriola NCBITaxon:76071 Beloniformes NCBITaxon:7624 Echinozoa NCBITaxon:7625 Echinoidea NCBITaxon:762772 Hypsophrys nematopus NCBITaxon:76339 Sciaenops NCBITaxon:76340 Sciaenops ocellatus NCBITaxon:7638 Euechinoidea NCBITaxon:7647 Echinus NCBITaxon:7648 Echinus esculentus NCBITaxon:766764 Debaryomycetaceae NCBITaxon:7674 Echinacea <sea urchins> NCBITaxon:7675 Echinidea NCBITaxon:7676 Echinidae NCBITaxon:7681 Aspidochirotacea NCBITaxon:7682 Aspidochirotida NCBITaxon:768495 Genypterus maculatus NCBITaxon:7687 Stichopodidae NCBITaxon:76917 Cheilodactylidae NCBITaxon:76920 Cheilodactylus NCBITaxon:76926 Nemadactylus NCBITaxon:76930 Nemadactylus douglasii NCBITaxon:76931 Nemadactylus macropterus NCBITaxon:76966 Citrus japonica NCBITaxon:77035 Limonia <eudicots> NCBITaxon:7705 Holothuroidea NCBITaxon:7711 Chordata NCBITaxon:77113 Nuphar lutea NCBITaxon:7742 Vertebrata <vertebrates> NCBITaxon:7745 Petromyzontiformes NCBITaxon:7746 Petromyzontidae NCBITaxon:7756 Petromyzon NCBITaxon:7757 Petromyzon marinus NCBITaxon:77594 Gobius cobitis NCBITaxon:7776 Gnathostomata <vertebrates> NCBITaxon:7777 Chondrichthyes NCBITaxon:7778 Elasmobranchii NCBITaxon:7780 Raja NCBITaxon:7781 Raja clavata NCBITaxon:7782 Leucoraja erinacea NCBITaxon:7796 Squalus NCBITaxon:7797 Squalus acanthias NCBITaxon:7802 Odontaspididae NCBITaxon:7805 Carcharhinidae NCBITaxon:7806 Carcharhinus NCBITaxon:7807 Carcharhinus obscurus NCBITaxon:7808 Carcharhinus plumbeus NCBITaxon:7810 Carcharhinus porosus NCBITaxon:7811 Mustelus NCBITaxon:7812 Mustelus canis NCBITaxon:7813 Mustelus antarcticus NCBITaxon:78168 Passiflora edulis NCBITaxon:7822 Sphyrna NCBITaxon:7823 Sphyrna lewini NCBITaxon:7824 Sphyrna tiburo NCBITaxon:7826 Scyliorhinidae NCBITaxon:7829 Scyliorhinus NCBITaxon:7830 Scyliorhinus canicula NCBITaxon:7832 Echinorhinidae NCBITaxon:7833 Echinorhinus NCBITaxon:7839 Triakidae NCBITaxon:7840 Triakis NCBITaxon:7844 Lamninae NCBITaxon:7845 Isurus NCBITaxon:7847 Isurus paucus NCBITaxon:7848 Lamna NCBITaxon:7849 Lamna nasus NCBITaxon:7850 Alopiidae NCBITaxon:78511 Ribes nigrum NCBITaxon:78525 Argopecten gibbus NCBITaxon:78532 Trigonella NCBITaxon:78534 Trigonella foenum-graecum NCBITaxon:78536 Euphyllophyta NCBITaxon:7858 Rajiformes NCBITaxon:7860 Rhinobatidae NCBITaxon:7861 Rhinobatos NCBITaxon:7863 Holocephali NCBITaxon:7864 Chimaeriformes NCBITaxon:7865 Callorhinchidae NCBITaxon:7866 Callorhinchus NCBITaxon:7868 Callorhinchus milii NCBITaxon:7869 Chimaeridae NCBITaxon:7870 Chimaera NCBITaxon:7871 Chimaera monstrosa NCBITaxon:7874 Galeorhinus NCBITaxon:7898 Actinopterygii NCBITaxon:7899 Acipenseriformes NCBITaxon:7900 Acipenseridae NCBITaxon:7901 Acipenser NCBITaxon:7902 Acipenser gueldenstaedtii NCBITaxon:7903 Acipenser stellatus NCBITaxon:7904 Acipenser transmontanus NCBITaxon:7906 Acipenser ruthenus NCBITaxon:7908 Acipenser medirostris NCBITaxon:7911 Polyodontidae NCBITaxon:7912 Polyodon NCBITaxon:7913 Polyodon spathula NCBITaxon:7921 Amiiformes NCBITaxon:7922 Amiidae NCBITaxon:7923 Amia NCBITaxon:7924 Amia calva NCBITaxon:7933 Anguilliformes NCBITaxon:7934 Anguillidae NCBITaxon:7935 Anguilla NCBITaxon:7936 Anguilla anguilla NCBITaxon:7937 Anguilla japonica NCBITaxon:7938 Anguilla rostrata NCBITaxon:7940 Anguilla australis NCBITaxon:7941 Congridae NCBITaxon:7942 Conger NCBITaxon:7944 Muraenesocidae NCBITaxon:7945 Muraenesox NCBITaxon:7946 Muraenesox cinereus NCBITaxon:7948 Clupeinae NCBITaxon:7949 Clupea NCBITaxon:7950 Clupea harengus NCBITaxon:7952 Cypriniformes NCBITaxon:7953 Cyprinidae NCBITaxon:7956 Carassius NCBITaxon:7958 Ctenopharyngodon NCBITaxon:7959 Ctenopharyngodon idella NCBITaxon:7961 Cyprinus NCBITaxon:7962 Cyprinus carpio NCBITaxon:79629 Fulmarus glacialoides NCBITaxon:7963 Hypophthalmichthys NCBITaxon:79674 Macrobrachium rosenbergii NCBITaxon:7968 Catostomidae NCBITaxon:7969 Catostomus NCBITaxon:79698 Merluccius bilinearis NCBITaxon:7971 Catostomus commersonii NCBITaxon:79772 Verbena officinalis NCBITaxon:7995 Siluriformes NCBITaxon:7996 Ictaluridae NCBITaxon:7997 Ictalurus NCBITaxon:7998 Ictalurus punctatus NCBITaxon:7999 Pangasiidae NCBITaxon:8000 Pangasius NCBITaxon:8001 Pangasius pangasius NCBITaxon:8006 Salmoniformes NCBITaxon:8007 Esociformes NCBITaxon:8008 Esocidae NCBITaxon:8009 Esox NCBITaxon:8010 Esox lucius NCBITaxon:8012 Osmeridae NCBITaxon:8013 Osmerus NCBITaxon:8014 Osmerus mordax NCBITaxon:8015 Salmonidae NCBITaxon:8016 Oncorhynchus NCBITaxon:8017 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha NCBITaxon:8018 Oncorhynchus keta NCBITaxon:8019 Oncorhynchus kisutch NCBITaxon:8020 Oncorhynchus masou NCBITaxon:8022 Oncorhynchus mykiss NCBITaxon:8023 Oncorhynchus nerka NCBITaxon:80276 Boswellia NCBITaxon:8028 Salmo NCBITaxon:8030 Salmo salar NCBITaxon:8032 Salmo trutta NCBITaxon:8033 Salvelinus NCBITaxon:80338 Spondias mombin NCBITaxon:8036 Salvelinus alpinus NCBITaxon:80379 Capsicum chinense NCBITaxon:8038 Salvelinus fontinalis NCBITaxon:8039 Salvelinus malma NCBITaxon:8040 Salvelinus namaycush NCBITaxon:8041 Hucho NCBITaxon:8043 Gadiformes NCBITaxon:8045 Gadidae NCBITaxon:8048 Gadus NCBITaxon:8049 Gadus morhua NCBITaxon:8052 Gadus ogac NCBITaxon:8055 Melanogrammus NCBITaxon:8056 Melanogrammus aeglefinus NCBITaxon:8057 Merlangius NCBITaxon:8058 Merlangius merlangus NCBITaxon:8059 Pollachius NCBITaxon:8060 Pollachius virens NCBITaxon:8061 Merlucciidae NCBITaxon:8062 Merluccius NCBITaxon:8063 Merluccius merluccius NCBITaxon:80640 Cynoscion arenarius NCBITaxon:8070 Lophiiformes NCBITaxon:8071 Lophiidae NCBITaxon:8072 Lophius NCBITaxon:80720 Gadus macrocephalus NCBITaxon:80723 Trisopterus esmarkii NCBITaxon:8073 Lophius americanus NCBITaxon:8074 Lophius piscatorius NCBITaxon:8075 Atheriniformes NCBITaxon:80835 Portunus NCBITaxon:80836 Portunus pelagicus NCBITaxon:80840 Burkholderiales NCBITaxon:8092 Cottidae NCBITaxon:8100 Cottioidei NCBITaxon:8101 Cyclopteridae NCBITaxon:8102 Cyclopterus NCBITaxon:8103 Cyclopterus lumpus NCBITaxon:8107 Scorpaenoidei NCBITaxon:8108 Scorpaenidae NCBITaxon:8111 Perciformes NCBITaxon:8112 Percoidei NCBITaxon:8113 Cichlidae NCBITaxon:8127 Oreochromis mossambicus NCBITaxon:8128 Oreochromis niloticus NCBITaxon:81361 Aulopidae NCBITaxon:81363 Aulopus NCBITaxon:81368 Lampridae NCBITaxon:81369 Lampris NCBITaxon:81370 Lampris guttatus NCBITaxon:81386 Lampriformes NCBITaxon:8139 Oreochromis NCBITaxon:81390 Synodontidae NCBITaxon:81391 Synodus NCBITaxon:81392 Synodus saurus NCBITaxon:8157 Carangidae NCBITaxon:8158 Caranx NCBITaxon:8160 Seriola NCBITaxon:8162 Percichthyidae NCBITaxon:8163 Lateolabrax NCBITaxon:81635 Micromesistius NCBITaxon:81636 Micromesistius poutassou NCBITaxon:81637 Brosme NCBITaxon:81638 Brosme brosme NCBITaxon:8164 Lateolabrax japonicus NCBITaxon:81641 Lotidae NCBITaxon:8165 Percidae NCBITaxon:8166 Perca NCBITaxon:8167 Perca flavescens NCBITaxon:8168 Perca fluviatilis NCBITaxon:8169 Sparidae NCBITaxon:8172 Pagrus NCBITaxon:8173 Pagrus pagrus NCBITaxon:8174 Sparus NCBITaxon:8175 Sparus aurata NCBITaxon:8176 Acanthopagrus NCBITaxon:8180 Centrarchidae NCBITaxon:8181 Pomoxis NCBITaxon:8182 Pomoxis nigromaculatus NCBITaxon:8184 Centropomidae NCBITaxon:81852 Enterococcaceae NCBITaxon:8186 Lates NCBITaxon:8187 Lates calcarifer NCBITaxon:8189 Mugilidae NCBITaxon:8190 Mugil NCBITaxon:8192 Zoarcales NCBITaxon:8193 Zoarcidae NCBITaxon:81952 Iguaninae NCBITaxon:8202 Anarhichadidae NCBITaxon:8203 Anarhichas NCBITaxon:8204 Anarhichas lupus NCBITaxon:8219 Gobioidei NCBITaxon:8220 Gobiidae NCBITaxon:8224 Scombridae NCBITaxon:8225 Euthynnus NCBITaxon:8226 Katsuwonus pelamis NCBITaxon:8227 Euthynnus affinis NCBITaxon:8228 Euthynnus alletteratus NCBITaxon:8229 Sarda NCBITaxon:8230 Sarda orientalis NCBITaxon:8231 Sarda chiliensis NCBITaxon:8232 Sarda sarda NCBITaxon:8234 Thunnus NCBITaxon:8235 Thunnus alalunga NCBITaxon:8236 Thunnus albacares NCBITaxon:8237 Thunnus thynnus NCBITaxon:8240 Thunnus maccoyii NCBITaxon:8241 Thunnus obesus NCBITaxon:82423 Tilia platyphyllos NCBITaxon:8243 Xiphiidae NCBITaxon:8244 Xiphias NCBITaxon:8245 Xiphias gladius NCBITaxon:82456 Cola NCBITaxon:8247 Labridae NCBITaxon:8252 Pleuronectiformes NCBITaxon:82528 Crocus sativus NCBITaxon:8254 Paralichthys NCBITaxon:8255 Paralichthys olivaceus NCBITaxon:8256 Pleuronectidae NCBITaxon:8257 Limanda NCBITaxon:8258 Myzopsetta ferruginea NCBITaxon:8259 Platichthys NCBITaxon:8260 Platichthys flesus NCBITaxon:8261 Pleuronectes NCBITaxon:8262 Pleuronectes platessa NCBITaxon:8264 Pseudopleuronectes NCBITaxon:8265 Pseudopleuronectes americanus NCBITaxon:82655 Conger conger NCBITaxon:8266 Hippoglossus NCBITaxon:8267 Hippoglossus hippoglossus NCBITaxon:8277 Beryciformes NCBITaxon:8283 Leuciscus NCBITaxon:8284 Squalius cephalus NCBITaxon:8287 Sarcopterygii NCBITaxon:8292 Amphibia NCBITaxon:82956 Austrobaileyales NCBITaxon:83375 Aesculus turbinata NCBITaxon:83393 Coelorinchus NCBITaxon:8342 Anura NCBITaxon:83431 Selenicereus NCBITaxon:83607 Arctostaphylos NCBITaxon:838 Prevotella NCBITaxon:83875 Trachurus japonicus NCBITaxon:83905 Boehmeria NCBITaxon:83906 Boehmeria nivea NCBITaxon:83938 Crescentia NCBITaxon:8397 Ranidae NCBITaxon:8399 Rana <genus> NCBITaxon:8400 Aquarana catesbeiana NCBITaxon:84005 Arbutus unedo NCBITaxon:84009 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi NCBITaxon:8406 Pelophylax ridibundus NCBITaxon:8407 Rana temporaria NCBITaxon:8416 Neobatrachia NCBITaxon:8457 Sauropsida NCBITaxon:8459 Testudines NCBITaxon:84619 Ammodytidae NCBITaxon:84620 Ammodytes NCBITaxon:84621 Ammodytes tobianus NCBITaxon:84638 Menippe nodifrons NCBITaxon:8464 Cryptodira NCBITaxon:84644 Labeo NCBITaxon:84645 Labeo rohita NCBITaxon:8465 Cheloniidae NCBITaxon:8466 Caretta NCBITaxon:8467 Caretta caretta NCBITaxon:8468 Chelonia NCBITaxon:84683 Solenoceridae NCBITaxon:84684 Solenocera NCBITaxon:8469 Chelonia mydas NCBITaxon:8473 Chelydridae NCBITaxon:8474 Chelydra NCBITaxon:8475 Chelydra serpentina NCBITaxon:84860 Carissa NCBITaxon:8492 Archosauria NCBITaxon:8493 Crocodylidae NCBITaxon:8495 Alligator NCBITaxon:8496 Alligator mississippiensis NCBITaxon:8500 Crocodylus NCBITaxon:85004 Bifidobacteriales NCBITaxon:85006 Micrococcales NCBITaxon:85007 Mycobacteriales NCBITaxon:8501 Crocodylus niloticus NCBITaxon:8502 Crocodylus porosus NCBITaxon:85023 Microbacteriaceae NCBITaxon:8503 Crocodylus novaeguineae NCBITaxon:8504 Lepidosauria NCBITaxon:8509 Squamata NCBITaxon:8511 Iguania NCBITaxon:8515 Iguanidae NCBITaxon:8516 Iguana NCBITaxon:8517 Iguana iguana NCBITaxon:85232 Morus nigra NCBITaxon:85249 Pouteria NCBITaxon:85415 Gobius auratus NCBITaxon:85417 Gobius niger NCBITaxon:85418 Gobius paganellus NCBITaxon:85421 Knipowitschia NCBITaxon:85422 Knipowitschia panizzae NCBITaxon:85427 Zosterisessor NCBITaxon:85428 Zosterisessor ophiocephalus NCBITaxon:85549 Artemia salina NCBITaxon:85571 Citrus reticulata NCBITaxon:86063 Galeorhinus galeus NCBITaxon:861760 Coregonus macrophthalmus NCBITaxon:861789 Coregonus wartmanni NCBITaxon:86204 Periophthalmus NCBITaxon:862826 Echinorhinus brucus NCBITaxon:862827 Etmopterus baxteri NCBITaxon:862899 Oxynotus NCBITaxon:86365 Mobula NCBITaxon:866800 Cactineae NCBITaxon:86965 Anguilla nebulosa NCBITaxon:87088 Vigna umbellata NCBITaxon:875777 Harengula thrissina NCBITaxon:87757 Mullus surmuletus NCBITaxon:87758 Sarpa NCBITaxon:87759 Sarpa salpa NCBITaxon:87784 Atherina NCBITaxon:87785 Atherina boyeri NCBITaxon:8782 Aves NCBITaxon:8783 Palaeognathae NCBITaxon:8784 Casuariiformes NCBITaxon:87862 Helicoidea NCBITaxon:8788 Dromaiidae NCBITaxon:8789 Dromaius NCBITaxon:8790 Dromaius novaehollandiae NCBITaxon:8792 Rheiformes NCBITaxon:8793 Rheidae NCBITaxon:8795 Rhea pennata NCBITaxon:8796 Rhea NCBITaxon:8797 Rhea americana NCBITaxon:8798 Struthioniformes NCBITaxon:8799 Struthionidae NCBITaxon:8800 Struthio NCBITaxon:8801 Struthio camelus NCBITaxon:880343 Peprilus paru NCBITaxon:88123 Prunus salicina NCBITaxon:88209 Cancer productus NCBITaxon:882375 Chenopodium pallidicaule NCBITaxon:8825 Neognathae NCBITaxon:8826 Anseriformes NCBITaxon:8830 Anatidae NCBITaxon:8835 Anas NCBITaxon:8839 Anas platyrhynchos NCBITaxon:8854 Cairina NCBITaxon:8855 Cairina moschata NCBITaxon:88661 Berycidae NCBITaxon:88662 Beryx NCBITaxon:88663 Beryx splendens NCBITaxon:886697 Mediterranean clade NCBITaxon:886735 Glebionidinae NCBITaxon:88676 Cyttus NCBITaxon:88677 Cyttus australis NCBITaxon:88770 Panarthropoda NCBITaxon:8892 Apodiformes NCBITaxon:8893 Apodidae NCBITaxon:89056 Microstomus NCBITaxon:89057 Microstomus achne NCBITaxon:89058 Microstomus pacificus NCBITaxon:8906 Charadriiformes NCBITaxon:8910 Laridae NCBITaxon:8911 Larus NCBITaxon:8912 Larus marinus NCBITaxon:8915 Larus fuscus NCBITaxon:89151 Musa x paradisiaca NCBITaxon:8917 Scolopacidae NCBITaxon:8929 Columbiformes NCBITaxon:8930 Columbidae NCBITaxon:89462 Bubalus bubalis NCBITaxon:89593 Craniata <chordates> NCBITaxon:89636 Ipomoea aquatica NCBITaxon:8976 Galliformes NCBITaxon:89945 Merluccius albidus NCBITaxon:89946 Merluccius australis NCBITaxon:89947 Merluccius capensis NCBITaxon:89948 Merluccius gayi NCBITaxon:89949 Merluccius hubbsi NCBITaxon:89950 Merluccius paradoxus NCBITaxon:89951 Merluccius polli NCBITaxon:89952 Merluccius productus NCBITaxon:89953 Merluccius senegalensis NCBITaxon:9005 Phasianidae NCBITaxon:90070 Buglossidium NCBITaxon:90071 Buglossidium luteum NCBITaxon:90072 Microchirus NCBITaxon:90074 Microchirus variegatus NCBITaxon:9008 Callipepla NCBITaxon:9013 Colinus NCBITaxon:9014 Colinus virginianus NCBITaxon:90243 Oligella NCBITaxon:9030 Gallus NCBITaxon:9031 Gallus gallus NCBITaxon:90675 Camelina sativa NCBITaxon:9072 Phasianinae NCBITaxon:908225 Verbeneae NCBITaxon:9090 Coturnix NCBITaxon:9091 Coturnix coturnix NCBITaxon:90964 Staphylococcaceae NCBITaxon:9101 Meleagris ocellata NCBITaxon:9102 Meleagris NCBITaxon:9103 Meleagris gallopavo NCBITaxon:91061 Bacilli NCBITaxon:911341 Heliantheae alliance NCBITaxon:91214 Juglans cinerea NCBITaxon:91561 Artiodactyla NCBITaxon:91742 Cephalopholis NCBITaxon:91827 Gunneridae NCBITaxon:91834 rosids incertae sedis NCBITaxon:91835 fabids NCBITaxon:91836 malvids NCBITaxon:91882 campanulids NCBITaxon:91883 Aquifoliales NCBITaxon:91888 lamiids NCBITaxon:92049 Macruronus NCBITaxon:92050 Macruronus magellanicus NCBITaxon:92920 Silybum NCBITaxon:92921 Silybum marianum NCBITaxon:93044 Lycoteuthidae NCBITaxon:93045 Lycoteuthis NCBITaxon:93046 Lycoteuthis lorigera NCBITaxon:93296 Metroxylon NCBITaxon:93297 Metroxylon sagu NCBITaxon:933932 Silurus aristotelis NCBITaxon:934694 Squalus blainville NCBITaxon:9347 Eutheria NCBITaxon:93758 Corchorus NCBITaxon:93759 Corchorus olitorius NCBITaxon:93760 Cola acuminata NCBITaxon:94231 Epinephelus NCBITaxon:94236 Mola NCBITaxon:94237 Mola mola NCBITaxon:94240 Psettodes NCBITaxon:94243 Stromateidae NCBITaxon:942859 Etrumeus micropus NCBITaxon:94309 Harpadon NCBITaxon:94326 Alpinia <monocots> NCBITaxon:94328 Zingiber officinale NCBITaxon:943305 Pachira insignis NCBITaxon:9443 Primates NCBITaxon:94826 Perna perna NCBITaxon:94929 Ophidiiformes NCBITaxon:94930 Ophidiidae NCBITaxon:94935 Belonidae NCBITaxon:94936 Strongylura NCBITaxon:94950 Dentex NCBITaxon:94951 Dentex dentex NCBITaxon:94992 Silurus NCBITaxon:94993 Silurus glanis NCBITaxon:9526 Catarrhini NCBITaxon:95460 Jasus NCBITaxon:95461 Jasus edwardsii NCBITaxon:9604 Hominidae NCBITaxon:9605 Homo NCBITaxon:9606 Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Homo sapiens NCBITaxon:9632 Ursidae NCBITaxon:9639 Ursus NCBITaxon:9643 Ursus americanus NCBITaxon:9644 Ursus arctos NCBITaxon:96479 Malva NCBITaxon:96776 Trachichthyidae NCBITaxon:96777 Hoplostethus NCBITaxon:96778 Hoplostethus atlanticus NCBITaxon:96885 Sardinella NCBITaxon:96887 Sardinella fimbriata NCBITaxon:96888 Sardinella longiceps NCBITaxon:9702 Otariidae NCBITaxon:9705 Odobenidae NCBITaxon:9706 Odobenus NCBITaxon:9707 Odobenus rosmarus NCBITaxon:9709 Phocidae NCBITaxon:97158 Latridae NCBITaxon:97159 Latridopsis NCBITaxon:97160 Latridopsis ciliaris NCBITaxon:9717 Phoca NCBITaxon:9718 Pusa hispida NCBITaxon:9721 Cetacea NCBITaxon:9722 Odontoceti NCBITaxon:9747 Monodontidae NCBITaxon:9748 Delphinapterus NCBITaxon:9749 Delphinapterus leucas NCBITaxon:976 Bacteroidota NCBITaxon:9761 Mysticeti NCBITaxon:9765 Balaenopteridae NCBITaxon:9766 Balaenoptera NCBITaxon:9767 Balaenoptera acutorostrata NCBITaxon:977775 Panpulmonata NCBITaxon:97854 Cochlearia NCBITaxon:9787 Perissodactyla NCBITaxon:9788 Equidae NCBITaxon:9789 Equus NCBITaxon:9791 Equus zebra NCBITaxon:9793 Equus asinus NCBITaxon:9796 Equus caballus NCBITaxon:980083 Camelineae NCBITaxon:980193 Cardamineae NCBITaxon:98081 Crangonidae NCBITaxon:98082 Crangon NCBITaxon:981066 Lepidieae NCBITaxon:981071 Brassiceae NCBITaxon:981097 Sisymbrieae NCBITaxon:981120 Cochlearieae NCBITaxon:9821 Suidae NCBITaxon:9822 Sus NCBITaxon:9823 Sus scrofa NCBITaxon:98302 Ostreoidea NCBITaxon:9831 Hippopotamidae NCBITaxon:9832 Hippopotamus NCBITaxon:9833 Hippopotamus amphibius NCBITaxon:9834 Tylopoda NCBITaxon:9835 Camelidae NCBITaxon:9836 Camelus NCBITaxon:9837 Camelus bactrianus NCBITaxon:9838 Camelus dromedarius NCBITaxon:9839 Lama NCBITaxon:9844 Lama glama NCBITaxon:9845 Ruminantia NCBITaxon:9850 Cervidae NCBITaxon:9851 Alces NCBITaxon:9852 Alces alces NCBITaxon:9857 Capreolus NCBITaxon:9858 Capreolus capreolus NCBITaxon:9859 Cervus NCBITaxon:9860 Cervus elaphus NCBITaxon:986140 Cyperoideae NCBITaxon:986143 Eleocharideae NCBITaxon:986145 Cypereae NCBITaxon:9863 Cervus nippon NCBITaxon:9867 Dama NCBITaxon:9869 Rangifer NCBITaxon:9870 Rangifer tarandus NCBITaxon:9871 Odocoileus NCBITaxon:9872 Odocoileus hemionus NCBITaxon:9874 Odocoileus virginianus NCBITaxon:9881 Odocoileinae NCBITaxon:98812 Dentex canariensis NCBITaxon:98813 Dentex gibbosus NCBITaxon:98814 Dentex macrophthalmus NCBITaxon:98815 Dentex maroccanus NCBITaxon:9895 Bovidae NCBITaxon:9900 Bison NCBITaxon:9901 Bison bison NCBITaxon:9902 Bison bonasus NCBITaxon:9903 Bos NCBITaxon:99038 Glebionis coronaria NCBITaxon:9913 Bos taurus NCBITaxon:9918 Bubalus NCBITaxon:9922 Capra NCBITaxon:9925 Capra hircus NCBITaxon:99302 Strychnos spinosa NCBITaxon:99342 Scomberomorus concolor NCBITaxon:99343 Scomberomorus guttatus NCBITaxon:99344 Scomberomorus maculatus NCBITaxon:99345 Scomberomorus regalis NCBITaxon:99346 Scomberomorus sierra NCBITaxon:9935 Ovis NCBITaxon:9938 Ovis aries musimon NCBITaxon:9940 Ovis aries NCBITaxon:9944 Tragelaphus NCBITaxon:9946 Tragelaphus strepsiceros NCBITaxon:9947 Tragelaphus imberbis NCBITaxon:99572 Jasus lalandii NCBITaxon:9963 Caprinae NCBITaxon:9969 Syncerus NCBITaxon:9970 Syncerus caffer NCBITaxon:997025 Nematalosa vlaminghi NCBITaxon:9975 Lagomorpha NCBITaxon:9979 Leporidae NCBITaxon:9980 Lepus NCBITaxon:9983 Lepus europaeus NCBITaxon:9989 Rodentia NCBITaxon:9992 Marmota NCBITaxon:9995 Marmota monax NCBITaxon:999584 Mammea africana NCBITaxon:999631 Calophylleae NCBITaxon:999637 Garcinieae NCBITaxon:999641 Hypericeae NCBITaxon:species species NCIT:C105759 The collection of subjects that have a common set of parameters defined in the protocol (could be experimental parameters, treatment parameters, or sponsor-defined attributes). Subject Trial Set Subject Trial Set NCIT:C115696 Records pertaining to site specific approvals from an Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) or other governing body regarding human subjects in a biomedical or behavioral research. true IRB-IEC Doc Subcat IRB-IEC Documents Subcategory IRB/IEC Trial Approval Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Documents Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation Institutional Review Board Independent Ethics Committee Human Subject in Research Approval Documentation NCIT:C116012 A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, which is an important metabolic product for energy-producing biochemical pathways. Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis and, when hypoxic conditions arise, can be metabolized anaerobically to form lactate. This chemical is a precursor of both acetyl-coenzyme A and oxaloacetate, which are involved in the citric acid cycle. Additionally, oxaloacetate is a substrate in the gluconeogenesis pathway. 2-Oxopropanoate Propanoic Acid, 2-Oxo-, Ion(1-) Pyruvate Pyruvate NCIT:C139218 The amount of an individual's total body mass that is fat, expressed as a percent. true BODYFATP Body Fat Percentage Body Fat Percentage NCIT:C16033 The process by which information about the health status of an individual is obtained after a study has officially closed; an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done. true Active Follow-up CLSFUP Clinical Signs Follow-up Follow Up Follow-Up Follow-up Followed Followup follow up follow-up follow_up Follow-Up NCIT:C173982 A nutritional supplement composed of a fermented milk drink prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep milk with kefir grains, with potential immunomodulating and probiotic activities. Upon oral administration of kefir, the kefir grains may stimulate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This modulates the GI flora ecosystem, improves the functions of the intestinal barrier and protects against harmful viruses and bacteria. In addition, this prebiotic modulates the immune system and may inhibit inflammation. Kefir Kephir Kefir NCIT:C182021 A facility established for research, often designed to promote interactions between faculty, scholars, students, and industry. true Research Center Research Institute Research Center NCIT:C1908 An organic or inorganic substance, element, isotope, food or other materials derived from microorganism, plant, or animal sources. They can be used for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment or research of disease states, for industrial purposes, or for the promotion or maintenance of organism viability or health. Drug, Food, Chemical or Biomedical Material Drug, Food, Chemical or Biomedical Material NCIT:C1913 Substances that are grouped or classified by chemical composition. Drug or Chemical by Structure Drug or Chemical by Structure NCIT:C1930 Substances introduced into the body by dietary means. Food Component Food Component NCIT:C19332 The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspects of an individual person. Personal Personal Attribute Subject Characteristics Personal Attribute NCIT:C1947 Organic acids that have oxygen atoms in the acidic groups. (NCI) Organic Oxoacids Organic Oxoacids NCIT:C1949 Processed or unprocessed substances obtained from animal, plant, microorganism and mining source that provide nutrients for living organisms to maintain biological processes or functions. FOOD OR FOOD PRODUCT Food Food Product Food or Food Product Food or Food Substance FoodProduct Food or Food Product NCIT:C199140 Groups with a focus on clinical or health related studies. Study Related Group Study Related Group NCIT:C20181 An organizational header for concepts representing mostly abstract entities. Conceptual Entity Conceptual Entity NCIT:C25364 One or more characters used to identify, name, or characterize the nature, properties, or contents of a thing. Descriptor Designation Designator ID Identifier id identifier Identifier NCIT:C25662 The selection and obtaining of small representative quantities of biological material for the purpose of analysis; also, in biomedical statistics, sampling is the selection and implementation of statistical observations in order to estimate properties of an underlying population; also, in environmental science, the collection of representative specimens analyzed to characterize site conditions. true Sampling Sampling NCIT:C25690 The street name and building number where a person or organization is located. Address Line STREET Street Street Address Street Address NCIT:C25729 The act of abiding by a stated treatment plan or protocol. Adherence Adherence NCIT:C28143 A group used as a standard of comparison in a control experiment. Control Control Group control group Control Group NCIT:C28166 LACTOSE, UNSPECIFIED FORM Lactose lactose Lactose NCIT:C344 A class of hydrocarbons with an empirical formula of Cm(H20)n (where m and n may be equal) and includes monomers, polymers and derivatives of aldoses, ketoses, saccharides, and alditols. Carbohydrate Carbohydrates carbohydrate Carbohydrate NCIT:C345 An organic oxoacid that contains a carboxy moiety (-COOH) as a functional group. Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Acids NCIT:C43431 An active process; excludes processes and mechanisms which fulfill biological functions. Activity General activity Activity NCIT:C45678 Natural or synthetic substances that are used in various industries or in laboratories for a broad range of applications. This group includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutical excipients, research/diagnostic agents, agricultural agents, and other non-edible products that may have human health implication. Industrial Additive Industrial Aid Industrial Aid NCIT:C49647 A characteristic of a treatment regimen employed as a comparator against which the study treatment is evaluated. Control Type TCNTRL Control Type NCIT:C53194 A method of selecting a sample from a population in such a way that every sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected. true Probabilty Sampling Random Sampling Random Sampling NCIT:C53196 true Simple Random Sampling Simple Random Sampling NCIT:C53204 true Convenience Sampling Volunteer Sample Convenience Sampling NCIT:C54060 Bioactive Food Component Bioactive Food Component NCIT:C67518 A collection of web pages and other files. true Internet Website Web Site Website website www-website Web Site NCIT:C68470 Dietary Carbohydrate Dietary Carbohydrate NCIT:C68472 Disaccharide Disaccharide NCIT:C68631 The name applied to a scientific investigation. true Study Name clinical study name clinical_study_name Study Name NCIT:C71496 true Stratified Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling NCIT:C71503 Judgement Sampling Judgment Sampling Judgment Sampling NCIT:C71515 true Multi-Stage Sampling Multistage Sampling Multi-Stage Sampling NCIT:C718 Molecule that contains atoms of the element carbon, usually combined with itself and with atoms of one or more other element such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, or fluorine. Excludes carbides, carbonates and carbon oxides. Organic Chemical Organic Chemical NCIT:C76926 LACTIC ACID, UNSPECIFIED FORM Lactate Lactic Acid lactic acid Lactic Acid NCIT:C86036 A single serving of a beverage; any liquid suitable for drinking. true Drink Drink NCIT:C93144 Probiotic Probiotic Supplement Probiotic supplements (pills, liquid, powder; or other probiotics) probiotic Probiotic NCIT:C94090 The textual representation of the study objective. true Study Objective Description StudyObjective.description Study Objective Description NCIT:C94108 The non-unique initials or abbreviated name used for identification of the study. true Study Acronym Study Protocol Version Acronym StudyProtocolVersion.acronym Trial Acronym Study Protocol Version Acronym NCIT:C98714 A sequence of letters, numbers, or other characters that uniquely identifies a clinical trial within a clinical trial registry. true Clinical Trial Registry Identifier REGID Registry Identifier Clinical Trial Registry Identifier OBCS:0000002 A planned process that gathers and measures information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. Data collection results in a collection of data. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collection data collection OBCS:0000089 A data sampling design that uses randomization for sample selection randomization sampling design OBCS:0000120 A data item that is more specifically a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics) data matrix OBCS:0000130 A data collection process that results in a collection of data from the literature. data collection from literature OBCS:0000233 A data item that is produced as the output of a data transformation. transformed data item OBIB:0000018 A document editing process in which one or more fields in a form are filled with related information, such as when answering a questionnare. Penn Group form filling OBIB:0000019 A patient questionnaire which has been filled out by a patient. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert Penn Group filled patient questionnaire OBIB:0000020 A questionnaire that comprises a set of demographic and medical questions about a patient which will be filled by the patient or their legally authorized representative. A questionnaire that comprises a set of questions about a patient, such as height, weight, race, biological sex, clinical history, etc., which will be filled by the human subject. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert Penn Group patient questionnaire OBIB:0000054 A time measurement datum which is the end date of a smoking behavior. Penn Group smoking end date OBIB:0000070 A protocol that is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization for carrying out routine operations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure standard operating procedure OBIB:0000648 A textual entity describing a study aim or a sample collection. sample collection or study aim description OBIB:0000649 A proper name that designates a study. study proper name OBIB:0000692 An objective specification that specifies the total number of individuals who are planned to participate in study. true number of total human study participant objective OBI:0000011 planned process planned process A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. branch derived planned process OBI:0000014 regulator role a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders OBI regulator role OBI:0000015 biological feature identification objective Biological_feature_identification_objective is an objective role carried out by the proposition defining the aim of a study designed to examine or characterize a particular biological feature. biological feature identification objective OBI:0000017 regulatory role a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body. OBI, CDISC regulatory role OBI:0000018 material supplier role a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation. material supplier role OBI:0000047 processed material Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. processed material OBI:0000048 chromatography device chromatography device A device that facilitates the separation of mixtures. The function of a chromatography device involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. a device that facilitates the separation of mixtures. The function of a chromatography device involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. Frank Gibson chromatography instrument http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography open tracker https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2881353&group_id=177891&atid=886178 chromatography device chromatography device OBI:0000049 mass spectrometer A mass spectrometer is an instrument which is used to measure the mass to charge ratio of ions. All mass spectrometers consist of three basic parts: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector system. The stages within the mass spectrometer are: 1. Production of ions from the sample 2. Separation of ions with different masses 3. Detection of the number of ions of each mass produced 4.Collection of data to generate the mass spectrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry mass spectrometer OBI:0000066 investigation a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s). OBI branch derived investigation OBI:0000067 evaluant role a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role OBI evaluant role OBI:0000070 assay A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it. OBI branch derived assay OBI:0000073 sample preparation for assay A sample_preparation_for_assay is a protocol_application including material_enrollments and biomaterial_transformations. definition_source: OBI. OBI branch derived sample preparation for assay OBI:0000075 diagnosis textual entity diagnosis is an assessment of a disease or injury, its likely prognosis and treatment. diagnosis textual entity OBI:0000079 culture medium a processed material that provides the needed nourishment for microorganisms or cells grown in vitro. OBI culture medium OBI:0000086 reagent role A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer. PERSON:Matthew Brush reagent role OBI:0000093 patient role a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider OBI, CDISC patient role OBI:0000094 material processing A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material OBI branch derived material processing OBI:0000096 protocol testing objective Protocol_testing_objective is a methodology_testing_objective role describing a study designed to examine the effects of using different protocols. protocol testing objective OBI:0000097 study subject role A role that is realized through the execution of a study design in which the bearer of the role participates and in which data about that bearer is collected. OBI participant under investigation role OBI:0000102 responsible party role responsible party role he THERAPIST has the ability to print a separate statement for the patient and each responsible party. http://www.beaverlog.com/therapist/ez_support/billing/responsible_party_statements.htm a study personnel role played by a party who is accountable for the execution of a study component and can make decisions about the conduct of the study Person: Jennifer Fostel responsible party OBI responsible party role OBI:0000103 principal investigator role a responsible party role played by a person responsible for the overall conduct of a study true principal investigator role OBI:0000112 specimen role a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation OBI specimen role OBI:0000115 intervention design An intervention design is a study design in which a controlled process applied to the subjects (the intervention) serves as the independent variable manipulated by the experimentalist. The treatment (perturbation or intervention) defined can be defined as a combination of values taken by independent variable manipulated by the experimentalists are applied to the recruited subjects assigned (possibly by applying specific methods) to treatment groups. The specificity of intervention design is the fact that independent variables are being manipulated and a response of the biological system is evaluated via response variables as monitored by possibly a series of assays. OBI branch derived intervention design OBI:0000143 baseline participant role a reference participant role which is realized by making the reference to qualities at the start of the study or intervention baseline participant role OBI:0000151 filter paper filter paper A device manufacture with the intent to provide a porous unsized paper used for filtering. a device manufacture with the intent to provide a porous unsized paper used for filtering. Frank Gibson sep:00107 sep:00107 filter paper filter paper OBI:0000161 crossover population role a role realized when a participant serves as reference to itself crossover population role OBI:0000174 study group role a study population role where the bearer is a population of material entities and the role is realized in the implementation of a study design wherein the entities bearing the study population role are observed or subjected to intervention according to the study design and are biological replicates, i.e. they receive the same treatment under the protocol study group role OBI:0000181 population a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area adapted from Oxford English Dictionnary population OBI:0000198 biological replicate role a reference participant role realized by equivalent treatment of participants OBI biological replicate role OBI:0000202 investigation agent role A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing. OBI investigation agent role OBI:0000208 methodology testing objective Methodology_testing_objective is an objective role carried out by a proposition defining the aim of the study is to examine the effect of using different methodologies. methodology testing objective OBI:0000220 reference subject role a reference subject role which inheres in an organism or entity of organismal origin so that the characteristics or responses of the participant playing the reference participant role are used for comparison or reference OBI reference subject role OBI:0000245 organization An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. GROUP: OBI organization OBI:0000249 technical replicate role technical replicate role is realized when two portions from one evaluant are used in replicate runs of an assay technical replicate role OBI:0000252 cohort role a cohort role is a biological replicate role played by a group of study participants who share a common characteristic of interest to the study. WEB:http://www.sceoc.com/glossaryofterms/ # a group of individuals having a statistical factor (as age or class membership) in common in a demographic study, such as a cohort of students. WEB:http://www.thebody.org/content/treat/art2612.html # a group of individuals in a study who share a demographic, clinical, or other statistical characteristic (eg, age, study site). WEB:http://www.uhhospitals.org/tabid/591/Default.aspx # A cohort is a group of people with a common characteristic that is studied over a period of time as part of a scientific or medical investigation. cohort role OBI:0000260 plan A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. branch derived plan OBI:0000272 protocol A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29) true protocol protocol OBI:0000274 adding a material entity into a target is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'. branch derived adding a material entity into a target OBI:0000275 analyte role A measurand role borne by a molecular entity or an atom and realized in an analyte assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the analyte in the entity bearing evaluant role. OBI analyte role OBI:0000319 material to be added role A role of a material entity that is realized in an "adding a material entity into a target" process where the bearer of the role is added into another material entity (the target). OBI material to be added role OBI:0000338 interpreting data A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion Bjoern Peters drawing a conclusion based on data OBI:0000339 planning a process of creating or modifying a plan specification Bjoern Peters Plans and Planned Processes Branch planning OBI:0000345 mass analyzer mass analyzer The mass analyzer of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation A Mass analyzer is a device that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. All mass spectrometers are based on dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields in vacuum where the two laws of Lorentz force law and Newton's second law of motion apply. A Mass analyzer is a device that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. All mass spectrometers are based on dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields in vacuum where the two laws of Lorentz force law and Newton's second law of motion apply. Frank Gibson PERSON: Daniel Schober http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Mass_analyzer mass analyzer mass analyzer OBI:0000361 ion source ion source The ion source of a Voyager-DE??? STR Biospectrometry Workstation An ion source is a device that is part of a mass spectrometer that ionizes the material under analysis. The ions are then transported by magnetic or electric fields to the mass analyzer. Techniques for ionization have been key to determining what types of samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Electron ionization and chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors. In chemical ionization sources, the material is ionized by chemical ion-molecule reactions during collisions in the source. Two techniques often used with liquid and solid biological samples include electrospray ionization (due to John Fenn PMID 2675315.) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI, due to M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp (Measuring Mass: From Positive Rays to Proteins by Michael A. Grayson (Editor) (ISBN 0-941901-31-9))). An ion source is a device that is part of a mass spectrometer that ionizes the material under analysis. The ions are then transported by magnetic or electric fields to the mass analyzer. Techniques for ionization have been key to determining what types of samples can be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Electron ionization and chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors. In chemical ionization sources, the material is ionized by chemical ion-molecule reactions during collisions in the source. Two techniques often used with liquid and solid biological samples include electrospray ionization (due to John Fenn PMID 2675315.) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI, due to M. Karas and F. Hillenkamp (Measuring Mass: From Positive Rays to Proteins by Michael A. Grayson (Editor) (ISBN 0-941901-31-9))). Frank Gibson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Ion_source ion source ion source OBI:0000364 ion detector ion detector The ion detector of the Voyager-DE(tm) STR Biospectrometry Workstation An ion detector is a device that measures and records the charge induced or current produced when an ion passes by or hits a surface. Example: In a scanning instrument the signal produced in the detector during the course of the scan versus where the instrument is in the scan (at what m/Q) will produce a mass spectrum, a record of ions as a function of m/Q. An ion detector is a device that measures and records the charge induced or current produced when an ion passes by or hits a surface. Example: In a scanning instrument the signal produced in the detector during the course of the scan versus where the instrument is in the scan (at what m/Q) will produce a mass spectrum, a record of ions as a function of m/Q. Frank Gibson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Detector ion detector ion detector OBI:0000370 contain function A contain function is a function to constrain a material entities location in space contain function OBI:0000371 heat function A heat function is a function that increases the internal kinetic energy of a material heat function OBI:0000372 material separation function A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality. material separation function OBI:0000378 filter function A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through filter function OBI:0000385 ionization function An ionization function is a function to physically convert an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization ionization function OBI:0000387 cool function A cool function is a function to decrease the internal kinetic energy of a material below the initial kinetic energy of that type of material. cool function OBI:0000401 environment control function An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature. environment control function OBI:0000418 measuring glucose concentration in blood serum measuring glucose concentration in blood serum assay An assay that determines the concentration of glucose molecules in a blood serum sample Person:Bjoern Peters OBI measuring glucose concentration in blood serum measuring glucose concentration in blood serum assay OBI:0000423 extract an extract is a material entity which results from an extraction process GROUP: OBI Biomatrial Branch extract OBI:0000434 adding material objective is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity adding material objective OBI:0000437 analyte measurement objective an assay objective to determine the presence or concentration of an analyte in the evaluant PPPB branch analyte measurement objective OBI:0000441 assay objective an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role) PPPB branch assay objective OBI:0000443 analyte assay analyte assay example of usage: In lab test for blood glucose, the test is the assay, the blood bears evaluant_role and glucose bears the analyte role. The evaluant is considered an input to the assay and the information entity that records the measurement of glucose concentration the output An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration, or amount of an analyte in an evaluant. An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration, or amount of an analyte in an evaluant. 2013-09-23: simplify equivalent axiom Note: is_realization of some analyte role isn't always true, for example when there is none of the analyte in the evaluant. For the moment we are writing it this way, but when the information ontology is further worked out this will be replaced with a condition discussing the measurement. logical def modified to remove expression below, as some analyte assays report below the level of detection, and therefore not a scalar measurement datum, replaced by measurement datum and ('has measurement unit label' some 'measurement unit label') and ('is quality measurement of' some 'molecular concentration')) PERSON:Bjoern Peters, Helen Parkinson, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg Bjoern Peters Helen Parkinson OBI Planned process branch PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Helen Parkinson PERSON:Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg GROUP:OBI Planned process branch Philippe Rocca-Serra analyte assay analyte assay OBI:0000444 target of material addition role A role of a material entity that is realized in an "adding a material entity into a target" process where the bearer of the role (the target) receives the addition of another material entity. OBI target of material addition role OBI:0000451 normalized data set A data set that is produced as the output of a normalization data transformation. normalized data set OBI:0000453 measure function Measure function is a function that is borne by a processed material and realized in a process in which information about some entity is expressed relative to some reference. measure function OBI:0000456 material transformation objective an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials. GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch material transformation objective OBI:0000457 manufacturing A planned process with the objective to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch manufacturing OBI:0000458 manufacturing objective is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device) GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch manufacturing objective OBI:0000471 study design execution a planned process that carries out a study design branch derived study design execution OBI:0000520 clinical chemistry assay An analyte assay which uses analytical methods to produce measurements and data on the concentration of chemical parameters (analytes) present in a bodily fluid collected from an organism. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_chemistry clinical chemistry assay OBI:0000571 manufacturer role Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. OBI manufacturer role OBI:0000576 scattered molecular aggregate a material entity that consists of all the molecules of a specific type that are located in some bounded region and which is part of a more massive material entity that has parts that are other such aggregates Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. With inspiration from the paper Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Recto, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 scattered molecular aggregate OBI:0000630 hematology hematology assay Co-associations between insulin sensitivity and measures of liver function, subclinical inflammation, and hematology. Godsland IF, Johnston DG. Metabolism. 2008 Sep;57(9):1190-7. PMID: 18702943 An assay that studies blood and blood producing organs using a variety of techniques and instruments hematology is a process studying blood and blood producing organs relying on a variety of techniques and instruments Philippe Rocca-Serra blood analysis, haematology OBI branch derived hematology hematology assay OBI:0000639 material separation objective is an objective to transform a material entity into spatially separated components. PPPB branch material separation objective OBI:0000651 urine specimen a portion of urine collected from an organism true urine specimen OBI:0000652 material combination is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output. bp material combination OBI:0000654 device setting Examples, 300V for 4 hours, 200mvolts, 37degrees.A knob set a 300 V is the device setting, the protocol stating to set the instrument to 300V is a device setting specification a quality inheres_in some device and is concretization of some (device_setting_specification and is_about a quality of the device PERSON: Frank Gibson device setting OBI:0000655 blood specimen a material entity derived from a portion of blood collected from an organism Bjoern Peters blood specimen OBI:0000659 specimen collection process A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. specimen collection process OBI:0000671 sample from organism a material obtained from an organism in order to be a representative of the whole sample from organism OBI:0000678 portioning objective A material separation objective aiming to separate material into multiple portions, each of which contains a similar composition of the input material. portioning objective OBI:0000681 separation into different composition objective A material separation objective aiming to separate a material entity that has parts of different types, and end with at least one output that is a material with parts of fewer types (modulo impurities). separation into different composition objective OBI:0000684 specimen collection objective A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Bjoern Peters specimen collection objective OBI:0000686 material combination objective is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials. bp material combination objective OBI:0000721 glucose tolerance test PMID: 19527607 Using the 100-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to Predict Fetal and Maternal Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Lin CH, Wen SF, Wu YH, Huang MJ. Chang Gung Med J. 2009 May-Jun;32(3):283-9. An assay that measures glucose clearance from blood over time by repeated glucose measurement in blood serum or plasma after the administration of a glucose bolus in-vivo. This assay can be used to evaluate the severity of insulin resistance or the efficiency of glucose clearance. is a process in which following administration of a bolus a glucose in-vivo, glucose clearance from blood plasma is monitored over time by repeated glucose measurement in blood serum. the output of a process is a measure which can be used to evaluate the severity of insulin resistance or the efficiency of glucose clearance. 30-10-2013:[author: PRS] removing "realizes some (concretizes some 'time series design')" axiom as it causes 'gtt' to be classified under study design execution instead of assay Philippe Rocca-Serra NuGO OBI plan branch glucose tolerance test OBI:0000725 host role host role is a role played by an organism and realized by providing nourishment, shelter or a means of reproduction to another organism within the organism playing the host role 30 Mar09 submitted by vaccine community OBI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology) host role OBI:0000740 material sample role A material sample role is a specimen role borne by a material entity that is the output of a material sampling process. material sample role OBI:0000747 material sample A material entity that has the material sample role material sample OBI:0000750 independent variable specification a directive information entity that is part of a study design. Independent variables are entities whose values are selected to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables study design independent variable OBI:0000751 dependent variable specification dependent variable specification is part of a study design. The dependent variable is the event studied and expected to change when the independent variable varies. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_variables study design dependent variable OBI:0000806 material maintenance objective An objective specification maintains some or all of the qualities of a material over time. PERSON: Bjoern Peters material maintenance objective OBI:0000810 informed consent process A planned process with the objective to inform a person or their legal representative of legally and ethically relevant facts about a process that the person in question is asked to participate in, and which results in a documented decision as to whether the person in question will participate. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/info/glossary#informed informed consent process OBI:0000813 to be treated with active ingredient role A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive active ingredient, and is realized in a study execution in which they receive the active ingredient PERSON: Helen Parkinson to be treated with active ingredient role OBI:0000825 to be treated with placebo role A study subject role which begins to exist when a subject is assigned to be one of those who will receive a placebo, and realized in a study execution in which they receive the placebo to be treated with placebo role OBI:0000828 research organization An organization formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations research organization OBI:0000832 measurement device A ruler, a microarray scanner, a Geiger counter. A device in which a measure function inheres. GROUP:OBI Philly workshop OBI measurement device OBI:0000838 material maintenance A planned process with the objective to maintain some or all of the characteristics of an input material over time. material maintenance OBI:0000931 study intervention A planned process that is the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study. GROUP: OBI study intervention OBI:0000932 material separation device flow cytometer A device with a separation function realized in a planed process material separation device OBI:0000941 service consumer role a role which inheres in a person who uses a service OBI service consumer role OBI:0000947 service provider role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person service provider role OBI:0000951 compound treatment design an intervention design in which the treatment is the administration of a compound MO_555 compound_treatment_design compound treatment design OBI:0000953 processed specimen A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. Bjoern Peters processed specimen OBI:0000967 container A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time container OBI:0000968 device A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. OBI development call 2012-12-17. device OBI:0000969 dose specification a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target dose specification OBI:0000973 sequence data A measurement datum that representing the primary structure of a macromolecule(it's sequence) sometimes associated with an indicator of confidence of that measurement. GROUP: OBI sequence data OBI:0000984 dose A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses. dose OBI:0000995 administration of material to specimen The directed combination of a material entity with a specimen. Bjoern Peters administration of material to specimen OBI:0001000 questionnaire A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. JT: It plays a role in collecting data that could be fleshed out more; but I'm thinking it is, in itself, an edited document. JZ: based on textual definition of edited document, it can be defined as N&S. I prefer to leave questionnaire as a document now. We can add more restrictions in the future and use that to determine it is an edited document or not. Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is)) PERSON: Jessica Turner Merriam-Webster true questionnaire OBI:0001010 nucleic acid extract An extract that is the output of an extraction process in which nucleic acid molecules are isolated from a specimen. UPenn Group nucleic acid extract OBI:0001034 environmental control device An environmental control device is a device which has the function to control some aspect of the environment such as temperature, or humidity. OBI environmental control device OBI:0001057 OBI:0001108 nucleic acid sequencer An device that is used to determine the order of nucleotides in nucleic acid sequences. PERSON: Erik Segerdell nucleic acid sequencer OBI:0001137 protein sequencer An device that is used to determine the order of amino acids in protein sequences. PERSON: Erik Segerdell protein sequencer OBI:0001139 OBI:0001173 service A planned process in which a service provider performs a task (i.e. a planned process) for a service consumer. OBI workshop San Diego 2011 service OBI:0001336 quality control testing design A study design in which some aspects of the experiment is quality controlled for the purposes of quality assurance. MO_981 quality_control_testing_design quality control testing design OBI:0001418 dose response design A study design that examines the relationship between the size of the administered dose and the extent of the response. MO_485 dose_response_design dose response design OBI:0001479 specimen from organism A specimen that derives from an anatomical part or substance arising from an organism. Examples of tissue specimen include tissue, organ, physiological system, blood, or body location (arm). MO_954 organism_part specimen from organism OBI:0001515 material maintenance service A material processing service in which a service provider makes physical modifications to a specified input material, such that at least one of the specified outputs of this process is a modified version of a specified input material. PERSON: Matthew Brush material maintenance service OBI:0001528 material service A service which has a material entity as specified input and/or specified output. PERSON: Carlo Torniai material service OBI:0001547 material analysis service A service in which a service consumer provides some input material and a service provider performs some analysis of this material to generate data that is returned to the service consumer. PERSON: Matthew Brush material analysis service OBI:0001557 material storage service A storage service in which a service consumer provides some material as input which a service provider stores and returns as output. PERSON: Matthew Brush material storage service OBI:0001615 investigation description A textual entity that describes an investigation. NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group project description true investigation description OBI:0001616 specimen identifier A CRID symbol denotes a specimen and used to distinguish one specimen from another in an investigation. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng specimen ID NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen ID NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen identifier 1 OBI:0001617 PubMed ID A CRID symbol that is sufficient to look up a citation from the PubMed, a literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. Edits was made on Aug 24, 2016 based on OBI dev call, details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/819/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng PMID PubMed Identifier Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PMID Publication Citation NIAID GSCID-BRC PubMed ID OBI:0001622 investigation title A textual entity that denotes an investigation. NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group project title true investigation title OBI:0001626 Bioinformatics Resource Center An organization that is one of the Internet-based research centers established and funded by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases). The Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) were formed in response to the threats posed by emerging and re-emerging pathogens, particularly CDC Category A, B, and C pathogens, and their potential use in bioterrorism. The intention of NIAID in funding these bioinformatics centers is to assist researchers involved in the experimental characterization of such pathogens and the formation of drugs, vaccines, or diagnostic tools to combat them. Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_Resource_Centers Bioinformatics Resource Center OBI:0001627 country name A textual entity that denotes a geographic location that is a site or part of a site that is identified as a country in the political geography. NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country Specimen Collection Location - Country true country name OBI:0001628 investigation identifier A CRID symbol used to identify an investigation. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zhneg NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group project ID NIAID GSCID-BRC investigation identifier OBI:0001629 grant identifier A CRID symbol used to identify a grant. Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group grant ID NIAID GSCID-BRC grant identifier OBI:0001630 analytical chromatography An analyte assay that uses a biomaterial's preferential affinity for either the mobile phase or the stationary phase to separate it from other materials and thereby detect its presence in an input material. IEDB analytical chromatography OBI:0001636 grant A plan specification of organization A to give money to organization B so that B conducts investigations. Organization A has funder role and Organization B has research organization role. OBI grant OBI:0001687 contact representative role A role inhering in a person who represents an institution, organization, or service provider and realized when communication is directed at them about the entity they represent. contact representative role OBI:0001755 selection criterion A directive information entity which defines and states a principle of standard by which selection process may take place. OBI discussion summarized under the following tracker item : http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/678/ selection criterion OBI:0001769 specimen collector role An Investigation agent role borne by a person or organization which is realized in a specimen collection process. An Investigation agent role borne by a person or organization which is realized in a specimen collection process. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert Penn Group NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen collector role OBI:0001834 drawing a conclusion A planned process in which new information is inferred from existing information. drawing a conclusion OBI:0001880 organization of specimen provider principal investigator An organization that is the affiliation of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Provider PI's Institution organization of specimen provider principal investigator OBI:0001881 organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person An organization that is the affiliation of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's Institution organization of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person OBI:0001884 specimen-based scope of investigation specification A plan specification which specifies the scope of an investigation based on the heterogeneity of organisms or type of material that are the specified input of specimen collection. NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Scope specimen-based scope of investigation specification OBI:0001885 specimen repository organization An organization that provides a service to store and distribute specimens NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Repository specimen repository organization OBI:0001887 email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person An email address of the person who is contact representative of a Bioinformatics Resource Center NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Bioinformatics Resource Center Contact's email email address of Bioinformatics Resource Center contact person OBI:0001890 email address of specimen collector An email address of the person collecting the specimen NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Collector's email email address of specimen collector OBI:0001891 sequencing facility organization An organization that provides sequence determination service NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility sequencing facility organization OBI:0001893 organization of specimen collector An organization that is the affiliation of the person collecting the specimen NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Collector's Institution organization of specimen collector OBI:0001894 email address of sequencing facility contact person An email address of the contact representative at the sequencing facility NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility Contact's email email address of sequencing facility contact person OBI:0001896 investigation assay specification A plan specification which indicates the assay type used to obtain data. NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Project Method investigation assay specification OBI:0001897 organization of sequencing facility contact person An organization that is the affiliation of the contact representative at the sequencing facility NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sequencing Facility Contact's Institution organization of sequencing facility contact person OBI:0001898 comment on investigation A textual entity that is about any of the aspects of an investigation worth noting NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Comments comment on investigation OBI:0001900 specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository A specimen identifier which is assigned by a specimen repository PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Specimen Repository Sample ID NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen identifier assigned by specimen repository OBI:0001901 specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility A specimen identifier which is assigned by a sequencing facility PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample ID - Sequencing Facility NIAID GSCID-BRC specimen identifier assigned by sequencing facility OBI:0001902 sample preparation for sequencing assay A sample preparation for assay that preparation of nucleic acids for a sequencing assay NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Nucleic Acid Preparation Method sample preparation for sequencing assay OBI:0001903 email address of specimen provider principal investigator An email address of the principal investigator providing the specimens for the investigation NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group Sample Provider PI's email email address of specimen provider principal investigator OBI:0001904 sequencing service A service provides sequencing service which is the realization of some sequencing such as RNA and DNA sequencing in which the service provider role is realized. Adpated from 'DNA sequencing service' sequencing service OBI:0001908 testable hypothesis An information content entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group testable hypothesis OBI:0001909 conclusion based on data An information content entity that is inferred from data. Group:2013 Philly Workshop group true conclusion based on data OBI:0001912 cell freezing medium A processed material that serves as a liquid vehicle for freezing cells for long term quiescent stroage, which contains chemicls needed to sustain cell viability across freeze-thaw cycles. cell freezing medium OBI:0001928 selection A planned process with the objective to create a group of entities by applying a predefined criteria to a larger group of entities. OBI selection OBI:0001931 scalar value specification A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label scalar value specification OBI:0001932 comparing prediction to measurement A planned process in which predicted values for some thing are compared to measured values for that thing. comparing prediction to measurement OBI:0001933 value specification An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. value specification OBI:0001934 predicted value an information content entity that has been generated by a prediction process in which an estimate of a value of an entity is made which can be measured but without performing such a measurement. The value specification is intended to be close to the value a measurement process would produce modulo a prediction error. predicted value OBI:0001942 grant agency An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations. NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group true grant agency OBI:0002076 collection of specimens A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. OBIB, OBI collection of specimens OBI:0002078 specimen set collection process Collection of both blood and urine specimens in one clinical visit; Taking out liver and brain specimens during an autopsy. A specimen collection process that generates multiple specimens from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time. Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng OBIB, OBI specimen set collection process OBI:0002079 specimens collected in one encounter A collection of specimens that is collected from one source (e.g. one organism) during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time. OBIB, OBI specimens collected in one encounter OBI:0002080 human specimen set A specimen set that is collected from one person during a time period which for the purpose of the study can be considered to be taken at the same sampling time. Duke Biobank, OBIB, OBI human specimen set OBI:0002081 specimens collected longitudinally A collection of specimens that was derived from the same source material entity at different time points in order to observe changes in that entity. Bjoern Peters, OBI specimens collected longitudinally OBI:0002089 physical store physical store a freezer. a humidity controlled box. A container with an environmental control function. A container with an environmental control function. For details see tracker item: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/793/ Chris Stoeckert Duke Biobank, OBIB Duke Biobank, OBIB Biobank physical store physical store OBI:0002110 digital object identifier The doi symbol: "10.1109/5.771073" resolves to ieee website: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=771073 A centrally registered identifier symbol used to uniquely identify objects given by International DOI Foundation. The DOI system is particularly used for electronic documents such as journal articles. Discussed on Aug 22, 2016 OBI dev call. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/818/ OBI developers DOI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier https://www.doi.org/ digital object identifier OBI:0002116 high performance liquid chromotography assay On-line coupled immunoaffinity chromatography-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (IAC-HPLC) with detection by quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry using a particle beam interface has been developed for the determination of the steroids, dexamethasone and flumethasone. HEMA (polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate) was evaluated as a support material for the anti-dexamethasone antibodies used in IAC. Antibody cross-reactivity and non-specific binding have been investigated for the HEMA bound anti-dexamethasone IAC column. The on-line IAC-HPLC-MS determination of dexamethasone and flumethasone in post-administration equine urine samples showed precisions (R.S.D.) of 8.0 and 7.1%, respectively, with limits of detection in the range 3-4 ng/ml. An analytical chromatography assay that utilizes a high performance liquid chromatography instrument for separation of compounts in a solution. ImmPort HPLC PMID:9491555 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9491555 high performance liquid chromotography assay OBI:0002198 molecular analysis facility organization An organization that provides molecular analysis service. NCI BBRB, OBIB molecular analysis facility organization OBI:0002444 measurand role A role borne by a material entity and realized in an assay which achieves the objective to measure the magnitude/concentration/amount of the measurand in the entity bearing evaluant role. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/measurand measurand role OBI:0002501 bile specimen A specimen that is derived from bile. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank bile specimen OBI:0002503 feces specimen A specimen that is derived from feces. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank true feces specimen OBI:0002504 digestive system fluid or secretion specimen A specimen that is derived from digestive system fluid or secretion. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank digestive system fluid or secretion specimen OBI:0002505 milk specimen A specimen that is derived from milk. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank milk specimen OBI:0002507 saliva specimen A specimen that is derived from saliva. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank true saliva specimen OBI:0002508 sputum specimen A specimen that is derived from sputum. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank sputum specimen OBI:0002509 sweat specimen A specimen that is derived from sweat. Chris Stoeckert, Penn Medicine Biobank sweat specimen OBI:0003610 reactant role A role borne by a biological or chemical entity that participates or has molecular components that participate in a chemical reaction. reactant role OBI:0100016 blood plasma specimen a material entity which corresponds to the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma true blood plasma specimen OBI:0100017 blood serum specimen A material entity which derives from blood and corresponds to blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma true blood serum specimen OBI:0100026 organism A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism organism OBI:0100051 specimen A material entity that has the specimen role. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch specimen OBI:0100060 cultured cell population A processed material comprised of a collection of cultured cells that has been continuously maintained together in culture and shares a common propagation history. PERSON:Matthew Brush cultured cell population OBI:0100086 glucose in solution A scattered aggregate of glucose molecules in a liquid glucose in solution OBI:0200000 data transformation A planned process that produces output data from input data. Branch editors data transformation OBI:0200166 data transformation objective An objective specification to transformation input data into output data PERSON: James Malone data transformation objective OBI:0200167 data normalization objective A normalization objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to remove systematic sources of variation to put the data on equal footing in order to create a common base for comparisons. PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: Helen Parkinson PERSON: James Malone data normalization objective OBI:0200169 normalization data transformation A normalization data transformation is a data transformation that has objective normalization. PERSON: James Malone normalization data transformation OBI:0200183 scaling objective is a data transformation objective where all, or some of a data set is adjusted by some data transformation according to some scale, for example a user defined minimum or maximum scaling objective OBI:0300310 sequential design Any design in which the decision as to whether to enroll the next patient, pair of patients, or block of patients is determined by whether the cumulative treatment difference for all previous patients is within specified limits. Enrollment is continued if the difference does not exceed the limits. It is terminated if it does MUSC sequential design OBI:0300311 observation design observation design is a study design in which subjects are monitored in the absence of any active intervention by experimentalists. OBI branch derived observation design OBI:0302716 pool of specimens A pool of specimens is a mixture of a population of samples which have been gathered from one or more sample populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish. GROUP: CEBS pool of specimens OBI:0302838 validated information an information content entity which results from a validation process aimed at confirming a claim, a finding or a predicted information entity about a material entity or a process by experimental means. OBI validated information OBI:0302840 curated information An information content entity that has undergone a digital curation performed by a curator for accuracy checks and compliance with curation requirements. Information which has been assessed for accuracy by domain experts. OBI curated information OBI:0302846 randomized group participant role a role that borne by an organism and realized by some group randomization process randomized group participant role OBI:0302884 extraction A material separation in which a desired component of an input material is separated from the remainder extraction OBI:0302885 filtration filtration is a process which separates components suspended in a fluid based on granularity properties relying on a filter device OBI-Branch: adapted from wikipedia and wordnet filtration OBI:0302886 centrifugation centrifugation PMID: 18428461.Purification of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors using immunomagnetic separation and Percoll gradient centrifugation. Curr Protoc Neurosci. 2001 May;Chapter 3:Unit 3.12. centrifugation is a process separating molecules by size or density using centrifugal forces generated by a spinning rotor. G-forces of several hundred thousand times gravity are generated in ultracentrifugation Philippe Rocca-Serra adapted from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm centrifugation OBI:0302893 storage A planned process with the objective to preserve and protect material entities by placing them in an identified location which may have a controlled environment. OBI-Branch storage OBI:0302900 group randomization A group assignment which relies on chance to assign materials to a group of materials in order to avoid bias in experimental set up. adapted from wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomization] true group randomization OBI:0302908 document editing is a planned process with specified input original document and specified output edited document adapted from wikipedia document editing OBI:0302911 validation a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results adapted from wordnet (wkipedia) validation OBI:0302914 digital curation Digital curation is the process of establishing and developing long term repositories of digital assets for current and future reference by researchers, scientists, and historians, and scholars generally. wikipedia digital curation OBI:0400103 DNA sequencer A DNA sequencer is an instrument that determines the order of deoxynucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. MO DNA sequencer OBI:0400106 centrifuge centrifuge A device with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents Melanie Courtot Person: Jennifer Fostel Trish Whetzel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge centrifuge centrifuge OBI:0500000 study design A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution. true study design OBI:0500001 clinical study design Plan for the precise procedure to be followed in a clinical trial, including planned and actual timing of events, choice of control group, method of allocating treatments, blinding methods; assigns a subject to pass through one or more epochs in the course of a trial. Specific design elements, e.g., crossover, parallel; dose-escalation [Modified from Pocock, Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach] Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group clinical study design OBI:0500002 repeated measure design a study design which use the same individuals and exposure them to a set of conditions. The effect of order and practice can be confounding factor in such designs http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm repeated measure design OBI:0500003 cross over design a repeated measure design which ensures that experimental units receive, in sequence, the treatment (or the control), and then, after a specified time interval (aka *wash-out periods*), switch to the control (or treatment). In this design, subjects (patients in human context) serve as their own controls, and randomization may be used to determine the ordering which a subject receives the treatment and control (source: http://www.sbu.se/Filer/Content0/publikationer/1/literaturesearching_1993/glossary.html) cross over design OBI:0500004 n-to-1 design N-of-1 design is a cross-over design in which the same patient is repeatedly randomised to receive either the experimental treatment or its control (Senn, 1993). Adapted from http://www.childrens-mercy.org/stats/definitions/crossover.htm and source:http://symptomresearch.nih.gov/chapter_6/sec1/csss1pg1.htm) n-to-1 design OBI:0500005 matched pairs design A matched pair design is a study design which use groups of individuals associated (hence matched) to each other based on a set of criteria, one member going to one treatment, the other member receiving the other treatment. http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm matched pairs design OBI:0500006 parallel group design A parallel group design or independent measure design is a study design which uses unique experimental unit each experimental group, in other word no two individuals are shared between experimental groups, hence also known as parallel group design. Subjects of a treatment group receive a unique combination of independent variable values making up a treatment http://www.holah.karoo.net/experimentaldesigns.htm parallel group design OBI:0500007 randomized complete block design A randomized complete block design is_a study design which assigns randomly treatments to block. The number of units per block equals the number of treatment so each block receives each treatment exactly once (hence the qualifier 'complete'). The design was originally devised from field trials used in agronomy and agriculture. The analysis assumes that there is no interaction between block and treatment. The method was then used in other settings So The randomised complete block design is a design in which the subjects are matched according to a variable which the experimenter wishes to control. The subjects are put into groups (blocks) of the same size as the number of treatments. The members of each block are then randomly assigned to different treatment groups. http://www.tufts.edu/~gdallal/ranblock.htm randomized complete block design OBI:0500008 balanced incomplete block design balanced incomplete block design is a kind of factorial design where all treatment pairs occur together within a block an equal number ?? times. ??ii' is the number of times treatment i occurs with i' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_design and http://www.stat.psu.edu/~jglenn/stat503/05_factorial/02_factorial_IBD.html balanced incomplete block design OBI:0500009 loop design A loop experiment design is where labeled extracts are compared in consecutive pairs. synonym: circular design MO_912 loop design OBI:0500010 reference design A reference experiment design type is where all samples are compared to a common reference. MO_699 reference design OBI:0500011 latin square design Latin square design is_a study design which allows in its simpler form controlling 2 levels of nuisance variables (also known as blocking variables).he 2 nuisance factors are divided into a tabular grid with the property that each row and each column receive each treatment exactly once. Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and latin square design OBI:0500012 graeco latin square design Greco-Latin square design is a study design which relates to Latin square design Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and graeco latin square design OBI:0500013 hyper graeco latin square design PRS to do Adapted from: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri3321.htm and hyper graeco latin square design OBI:0500014 factorial design factorial design is_a study design which is used to evaluate two or more factors simultaneously. The treatments are combinations of levels of the factors. The advantages of factorial designs over one-factor-at-a-time experiments is that they are more efficient and they allow interactions to be detected. In statistics, a factorial design experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or levels, and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. Such an experiment allows studying the effect of each factor on the response variable, as well as the effects of interactions between factors on the response variable. http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/anova.html#facdes And from wikipedia (01/03/2007): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_experiment) factorial design OBI:0500015 2x2 factorial design a factorial design which has 2 experimental factors (aka independent variables) and 2 factor levels per experimental factors PMID: 17561240 2x2 factorial design OBI:0500016 fractional factorial design A fractional factorial design is_a study design in which only an adequately chosen fraction of the treatment combinations required for the complete factorial experiment is selected to be run http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section3/pri334.htm From ASQC (1983) Glossary & Tables for Statistical Quality Control fractional factorial design OBI:0500017 dye swap design An experiment design type where the label orientations are reversed. exact synonym: flip dye, dye flip MO_858 dye swap design OBI:0500018 replicate design A replicate experimental design type is where a series of replicates are performed to evaluate reproducibility or as a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of replicates for a subsequent experiments. MO_885 replicate design OBI:0500019 self vs self design A study design that investigates variance and error estimates in the experimental system, and is where the same extract is compared. MO_490 self vs self design OBI:0500020 time series design Groups of assays that are related as part of a time series. MO_887 time series design OBI:0500022 stopping rule a stopping rule (criterion) is_a *rule* which causes a *stopping process* to happen PRS stopping rule OBI:0500023 compliance rule a compliance rule is a rule which ensures a compliance process occurs PRS compliance rule OBI:0500024 standard compliance rule a standard compliance rule is a compliance rule which defines conformity to a representation standard PRS PRS standard compliance rule OBI:0500025 ethical standard compliance rule an ethical standard compliance rule is_a *compliance rule* which enable a *ethical compliance process* to occur PRS PRS ethical standard compliance rule OBI:0500026 eligibility criterion an eligibility criterion (rule) is_a selection criterion which defines and states the requirements (positive or negative) for an entity to be considered as suitable for a given task or participation in a process. Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group eligibility criterion OBI:0500027 inclusion criterion an inclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity suitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, inclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects MUST meet to be eligible for participation in a study. Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group true inclusion criterion OBI:0500028 exclusion rule an exclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity unsuitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, exclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects SHOULD NOT meet to be eligible for participation in a study Adapted from Clinical Research Glossary Version 4.0 CDICS glossary group true exclusion criterion OBI:0600004 human subject enrollment A planned process with the objective to obtain a population of human subjects to participate in an investigation by determining eligibility of subjects and obtaining informed consent. IEDB human subject enrollment OBI:0600005 collecting specimen from organism taking a sputum sample from a cancer patient, taking the spleen from a killed mouse, collecting a urine sample from a patient a process with the objective to obtain a material entity that was part of an organism for potential future use in an investigation PERSON:Bjoern Peters IEDB collecting specimen from organism OBI:0600007 administering substance in vivo A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance. IEDB administering substance in vivo OBI:0600014 material component separation a material processing in which components of an input material become segregated in space IEDB material component separation OBI:0600015 group assignment group assignment is a process which has an organism as specified input and during which a role is assigned OBI Plan group assignment OBI:0600024 maintaining cell culture A planned process with the objective to keep cells alive in a defined environment outside of an organism. OBI branch derived maintaining cell culture OBI:0600036 'establishing cell culture' a process through which a new type of cell culture or cell line is created, either through the isolation and culture of one or more cells from a fresh source, or the deliberate experimental modification of an existing cell culture (e.g passaging a primary culture to become a secondary culture or line, or the immortalization or stable genetic modification of an existing culture or line). PERSON:Matthew Brush establishing cell culture OBI:0600047 sequencing assay sequencing assay The use of the Sanger method of DNA sequencing to determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA template An assay the uses chemical or biochemical means to infer the sequence of a biomaterial the use of a chemical or biochemical means to infer the sequence of a biomaterial has_output should be sequence of input; we don't have sequence well defined yet PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived OBI branch derived sequencing assay sequencing assay OBI:0600052 dialysis the use of a dialysis bag of select pore size to remove salt from collagen isolated from mouse cartilage a protocol application that uses diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane to separate an input material into two fractions of different composition PERSON:Kevin Clancy OBI branch derived dialysis OBI:0666667 nucleic acid extraction a material separation to recover the nucleic acid fraction of an input material OBI branch derived nucleic acid extraction OBI:1110010 disposition to cause an allergic reaction The role borne by a material entity that is realized when it is recognized by the immune system and results in the occurrence of an allergic disease. IEDB disposition to cause an allergic reaction OBI:1110011 allergic reaction an allergic reaction is an pathologic immune response by an organism to a non-self entity that is normally harmless(the allergen) IEDB allergic reaction OBI:1110012 occurrence of allergy The process of an allergic disease occurring in an organism. IEDB occurrence of allergy OBI:1110040 infectious disease is a disease caused by an infectious agent IEDB infectious disease OBI:1110049 allergy is a disease in which an abnormally strong inflammatory immune response is triggered against non-self entities, and the immune response has no protective effect IEDB allergy OBI:1110053 cancer A disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division IEDB cancer OBI:1110054 autoimmune disease Is a disease characterized by an immune response of an organism against parts of itself IEDB autoimmune disease OBI:1110095 blood harvesting blood harvesting A material separation where blood is taken from an organism. IEDB IEDB blood harvesting OBI:1110122 pathologic process abnormal, harmful processes caused by or associated with a disease IEDB pathologic process OBI:1110201 allergen A material entity bearing the disposition to cause an allergic reaction IEDB allergen OBI:2000009 bodily fluid specimen A specimen that is derived from some bodily fluid Christian Stoeckert ORCID:0000-0002-5714-991X Mark A. Miller ORCID:0000-0001-9076-6066 bodily fluid specimen OBI:2100020 glucose assay An analyte assay that measures the abundance of glucose PennTURBO team glucose assay OGMS:0000014 A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf clinical finding OGMS:0000015 A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf clinical history OGMS:0000018 A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf laboratory finding OGMS:0000023 phenotype A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf phenotype OGMS:0000031 disease A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf disease OGMS:0000056 A measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen and as output a data item that is about a quality of the specimen. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf clinical laboratory test OGMS:0000057 A sequence of acts of observing and measuring qualities of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf physical examination OGMS:0000063 disease course The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf disease course OGMS:0000073 The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf diagnosis OGMS:0000090 A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 treatment OGMS:0000093 A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 prognosis OGMS:0000096 A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 health care process OGMS:0000108 A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. health care process assay OGMS:0000123 A data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process clinical data item OHMI:0000002 A microbiome located in a human body https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3418802/ human microbiome OHMI:0000003 A biome that consists of a collection of microorganisms (i.e., microbiota) and the surrounding environment where the microorganisms reside. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520061/ microbiome OHMI:0000016 a human microbiome that is located in a human gastrointestinal system microbiome in human gastrointestinal system OHMI:0000020 A microbiome located in a human gut. human gut microbiome OMP:0000000 The observable manifestation of the genotype of a microbial cell or group of cells in an environment. microbial phenotype OMP:0005002 A population growth range phenotype related to how growth of a microbial population is affected by the temperature of the environment. temperature effects on population growth phenotype OMP:0005008 A population growth phenotype relating to how the rate and/or extent of growth of a microbial population is affected by the pH of the environment. pH effects on population growth phenotype OMP:0005013 A population growth range phenotype related to how growth of a microbial population is affected by the concentration of solutes (water activity) in the environment. solute and water activity effects on population growth phenotype OMP:0007006 A microbial phenotype where the phenotype is observed at the level of a microbial population. population phenotype OMP:0007085 A microbial phenotype that is altered in some way relative to a designated control. altered microbial phenotype OMP:0007138 A population growth phenotype where the rate and/or extent of growth of a microbial population at a specified pH is altered relative to a designated control. altered effects of pH on population growth OMP:0007157 A population growth phenotype where the rate and/or extent of growth of a microbial population is altered relative to a designated control. altered population growth OMP:0007167 A microbial phenotype relating to the growth of a microbial population, i.e. an increase in the size of the population resulting from reproduction of individual microbes in the population. population growth phenotype OMP:0007192 A population growth phenotype related to how non-nutrient environmental factors affect growth of a microbial population. effect of non-nutrient environmental factors on population growth phenotype OMP:0007194 A microbial phenotype that affects a biological process. biological process phenotype OMP:0007351 A biological process phenotype where the rate, frequency, timing, or extent of a biological process is altered relative to a designated control. altered biological process OMP:0007516 A population growth phenotype relating to the vegetative growth of a microbial population in conditions of high osmolarity, which refers to osmotic conditions where the osmolarity of the environment is higher than the osmolarity that allows for optimal population growth. Population growth may refer to growth rate, growth yield, or both. population growth in high osmolarity phenotype OMP:0007519 A population growth phenotype where the growth of a microbial population in conditions of high osmolarity is altered relative to a designated control. altered population growth in high osmolarity OMP:0007523 A population growth range phenotype where the rate and/or extent of growth of a microbial population in a specified environmental condition is altered relative to a designated control. altered population growth range OMP:0007931 A microbial population phenotype where the phenotype of a microbial population is altered in some way relative to a designated control. altered population phenotype OMP:0007952 A population growth phenotype where the rate and/or extent of growth of a microbial population at a temperature that is towards the upper end of the organism's temperature growth range is altered relative to a designated control. altered population growth at high temperature OMRSE:00000038 A role borne by a human individual or by a collection of humans regarded as possessing rights and duties enforeable at law. Malcolm N. Shaw: International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008. legal person role ONS:0000001 Partecipants' identification number Aphanumeric string (1 to 8 digits) which univocally identify a partecipant/subject. ENPADASI_WP4 participants' identification number ONS:0000002 Month of anthropometry assessment Month of anthropometry assessment counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337) ENPADASI_WP4 month of anthropometry assessment ONS:0000003 true ONS:0000004 For past smokers: time in years since quitting smoking ENPADASI_WP4 Time since quitting smoking ONS:0000005 Month of physical activity assessment by questionnaire counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337) ENPADASI_WP4 Month of physical activity assessment by questionnaire ONS:0000006 Categories of physical activity level 1=low; 2= Medium; 3= High ENPADASI_WP4 categories of physical activity level ONS:0000007 Total physical activity in MET-hours/day (without sedentary or sleeping time) derived from questionnaire data ENPADASI_WP4 total physical activity by questionnaire ONS:0000008 Physical activity from recreational or leisure-time activities in MET-hours/day derived from questionnaire data ENPADASI_WP4 physical activity from recreational or leisure-time activities by questionnaire ONS:0000009 time spent in light physical activity in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data ENPADASI_WP4 light physical activity by questionnaire ONS:0000010 Time spent in moderate physical activity in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data ENPADASI_WP4 moderate physical activity by questionnaire ONS:0000011 Time spent in vigorous physical activity in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data ENPADASI_WP4 vigorous physical activity by questionnaire ONS:0000012 Time spent sedentary (PC use, TV watching) in minutes/day derived from questionnaire data ENPADASI_WP4 sedentary time by questionnaire ONS:0000013 Number of physical activity bouts of moderate or vigorous physical activity of at least 10 minutes per day ENPADASI_WP4 number of bouts by questionnaire ONS:0000014 Month of physical activity assessment by accelerometer counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337) ENPADASI_WP4 Month of physical activity assessment by accelerometer ONS:0000015 Time spent in light physical activity in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data ENPADASI_WP4 light physical activity by accelerometer ONS:0000016 Time spent in moderate physical activity in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data ENPADASI_WP4 moderate physical activity by accelerometer ONS:0000017 Time spent in vigorous physical activity in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data ENPADASI_WP4 vigorous physical activity by accelerometer ONS:0000018 Time spent sedentary in minutes/day derived from accelerometer data ENPADASI_WP4 sedentary time by accelerometer ONS:0000019 Number of bouts of moderate or vigorous physical activity per day ENPADASI_WP4 number of bouts by accelerometer ONS:0000020 Average minutes per bout of moderate or vigorous physical activity per day ENPADASI_WP4 average duration of bouts ONS:0000021 Dietary assessment used for uploaded dietary variables 1=24-hour recall; 2=FFQ; 3=Food record; 4=other ENPADASI_WP4 ENPADASI_WP4 obsolete: Dietary assessment method true ONS:0000022 Month of dietary assessment counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 months/y= 1332; 1332 + 5 (May=05)= 1337) ENPADASI_WP4 month of dietary assessment ONS:0000023 Carbohydrate intake per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated carbohydrate intake ONS:0000024 Fiber intake per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated fiber intake ONS:0000025 Total fat intake per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated total fat intake ONS:0000026 Saturated fatty acid intake per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated saturated fatty acid intake ONS:0000027 Monounsaturated fatty acid intake per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated monounsaturated fatty acid intake ONS:0000028 Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated polyunsaturated fatty acid intake ONS:0000029 Protein intake in per unit time ENPADASI_WP4 calculated protein intake ONS:0000030 Month of blood draw counted from 1900; e.g. May 2011=1337 (2011-1900=111; 111x12 = 1332; 1332 + 5 = 1337) ENPADASI_WP4 month of blood draw ONS:0000031 Fasting status before blood draw (measured in hours of fasting before blood draw) 1=less than 9 hours; 2=9 hours or more ENPADASI_WP4 true fasting status ONS:0000033 The process of collecting information on the diet/eating habits of a subject using a questionnaire. ENPADASI_WP4 Dietary assessment ONS:0000034 Anthropometric and habits information of the subject. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 ENPADASI_WP4 subject informations true ONS:0000035 A study short name is a short alphanumeric string used to abbreviate a study proper name (OMIABIS_0000037) ENPADASI_WP4 short study name ONS:0000036 Name of the consortium which the study refers to ENPADASI_WP4 true consortium ONS:0000037 The name of the method used for randomization (OBCS_0000089), if any randomization was adopted. ENPADASI_WP4 true randomization method ONS:0000038 Indicate whether blinded experiment were conducted or not ENPADASI_WP4 blinding ONS:0000039 If blinded experiment were conducted, indicate the method used for blinding ENPADASI_WP4 blinding method ONS:0000040 Indicated whether the study is terminated or not ENPADASI_WP4 true study terminated ONS:0000041 Indicate whethet the compliance was assessed or not ENPADASI_WP4 compliance assessment ONS:0000042 The ration between the circumference of the waist to that of the hips ENPADASI_WP4 waist:hip ratio ONS:0000043 A (short) alphanumeric string which identify the event/tretment ENPADASI_WP4 event identifier name ONS:0000044 An alphanumeric string which identify and describe the event/tretment ENPADASI_WP4 treatment descriptive name ONS:0000046 A long description of the sampling method used ENPADASI_WP4 Sampling method description ONS:0000047 Long text describing the assay used. ENPADASI_WP4 assay description ONS:0000048 Platform used for the assay ENPADASI_WP4 Assay platform ONS:0000049 The unique sampling event identifier for the sample collection producing the sample ENPADASI_WP4 sampling identifier ONS:0000050 This field is usually 0 for the overall intervention but may be several time points for challenges, e.g. at 0 and 12 weeks. ENPADASI_WP4 absolute start times ONS:0000051 This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology of the terms pertinent to physical activity assessment assay ENPADASI_WP4 Physical activity assessment ONS:0000052 This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology pertinent to blood analystics assay ENPADASI_WP4 blood analytics ONS:0000053 START TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 obsolete: Start tab true ONS:0000054 SUBJECT TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 Subject tab true ONS:0000055 EVENTS TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 Event tab true ONS:0000056 SAMPLING TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 Sampling tab true ONS:0000057 PHYSIOLOGY ASSAY TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 obsolete: physiology assay tab true ONS:0000058 INFORMATIONS TAB. This class should not be used as an ontology term, it is included as a superclass for the purpose to give a better organization to the ontology. ENPADASI_WP4 Information tab true ONS:0000059 The process of collecting various chemical-biological data (e.g. blood analytics) ENPADASI_WP4 Chemical-biological assay ONS:0000060 The process of collecting data from a sample using 'omic' technologies ENPADASI_WP4 Omics technology assay ONS:0000061 Type of omic assay performed (i.e. targeted metabolomics, untargeted metabolomics) ENPADASI_WP4 true Type of omics ONS:0000062 Assay type (i.e. Clinical chemistry assay: Standard kit #34567 from 'vendor' assayed on a Cobas Mira analyzer) ENPADASI_WP4 Assay type ONS:0000063 A short text identifying the question ENPADASI_WP4 short question name ONS:0000064 Type of question or question variable code ENPADASI_WP4 question type ONS:0000065 Type of physiology assay performed ENPADASI_WP4 obsolete: Physiology assay type true ONS:0000066 An assay which purpose is to collect all the general information (e.g. anthropometric measurement) available on the subjects of nutritional studies ENPADASI_WP4 Subject Information collection ONS:0000067 The subject (Human) participating in a nutritional study. ENPADASI_WP4 true subject of a nutritional study ONS:0000068 An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). Best for study the effect of an intervention. ENPADASI_WP4 Randomised Controlled Trial http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/ ONS:0000069 A controlled trial where each study participant has both therapies, e.g, is randomised to treatment A first, at the crossover point they then start treatment B. Only relevant if the outcome is reversible with time, e.g, symptoms. ENPADASI_WP4 Crossover Design http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/ ONS:0000070 Data are obtained from groups who have been exposed, or not exposed, to the new technology or factor of interest (eg from databases). No allocation of exposure is made by the researcher. Best for study the effect of predictive risk factors on an outcome. ENPADASI_WP4 true Cohort Study http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/ ONS:0000071 Patients with a certain outcome or disease and an appropriate group of controls without the outcome or disease are selected (usually with careful consideration of appropriate choice of controls, matching, etc) and then information is obtained on whether the subjects have been exposed to the factor under investigation. ENPADASI_WP4 true Case-Control Study http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/ ONS:0000072 A study that examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related characteristics) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time (ie exposure and outcomes are both measured at the same time). Best for quantifying the prevalence of a disease or risk factor, and for quantifying the accuracy of a diagnostic test. ENPADASI_WP4 true Cross-Sectional Survey http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/ ONS:0000073 Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental con-taminants. Concept of food component can be viewer both as a role and as a material entity. This class, for convenience, represents the material entity "food component", including all those material entity having the role of "Food Component" ENPADASI_WP4 food component entity ONS:0000074 Component added to food to improve or preserve it ENPADASI_WP4 additive ONS:0000075 Unwanted food component that makes the food no longer suitable for use ENPADASI_WP4 contaminant ONS:0000076 A food bioactive is a food component other than those needed to meet basic human nutritional needs (nutrients). Food bioactives modulates one or more metabolic processes, possibly resulting in the promotion of better health. The daily required intake for food bioactives is not established yet, and there is no demonstration that malnutrition occurs when the right amount is not provided ENPADASI_WP4 food bioactive ONS:0000077 A nutrient is a food component used by the body for normal physiologic functions that guarantee survival and growth. It must be supplied in adequate and defined amounts from foods consumed within a diet. Malnutrition occurs when the right amount of nutrient is not provided ENPADASI_WP4 nutrient ONS:0000078 An ingredient is a material entity used as part for the preparatio of food. Recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific food ENPADASI_WP4 Ingredient ONS:0000079 The food is a complex matrix that is consumed by a person through the process of eating or drinking. Food are bearer of the nutrients, bioactives and sometimes other food components. Food consumption, through the meal consumption, follows a certain dietary pattern, which define the diet. Nutrients and bioactives contained in food can be exploited by the human organism thanks to the process of digestion, absorption, metabolization, or through the intervention of the gut microflora ENPADASI_WP4 true MSH:D005502 food ONS:0000080 A descriptive diet which is the regular course of eating and drinking adopted by an organism. ENPADASI_WP4 https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://github.com/enpadasi/Ontology-for-Nutritional-Studies MSH:D004032 individual regular diet ONS:0000081 A diet administered during an intervention study. It usually comprises the adoption of a certain nutritional intervention, intended as the prescription of consuming or not consuming certain food, and follows a precise study design. Intervention studies usually compare at least two subgroups of a population, one control group receiving a null nutritional intervention, and one or more test groups receiving the intervention ENPADASI_WP4 https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg study intervention diet ONS:0000082 A diet prescribed by a physician/ nutritionist to meet specific nutritional needs of a person. ENPADASI_WP4 https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg clinical treatment protocol diet therapy dietetic diet medically proscribed diet clinically prescribed diet ONS:0000083 A descriptive diet consumed by a population in a certain geographical area, or in a certain cultural setting, or following certain common eating behaviour. ENPADASI_WP4 https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg usual diet population regular diet ONS:0000084 Cook role is the role of the person responsible for food prepraration ENPADASI_WP4 cook role ONS:0000085 A meal is an eating/drinking occasion which usually occurs at certain time during the day. ENPADASI_WP4 meal ONS:0000086 The consumption of liquids. Not for drinking alcohol or alcohol consumption ( = ALCOHOL DRINKING); differentiate from DRINKING BEHAVIOR. ENPADASI_WP4 MSH:D004326 obsolete: drinking true ONS:0000087 The consumption of edible substances. The act of eating: do not confuse with FOOD (the substance eaten) or EATING BEHAVIOR (the manner of eating). ENPADASI_WP4 MSH:D004435 obsolete: eating true ONS:0000088 A class which groups the data item collected as results from the subject information collection assay ENPADASI_WP4 subject information collection data ONS:0000089 A class which groups the data item collected as results from the dietary assessment assay ENPADASI_WP4 dietary assessment data ONS:0000090 A class which groups the data item collected as results from the chemical biological assay ENPADASI_WP4 chemical biological data ONS:0000091 A class which groups the data item collected as results from the analysis performed with an omics platform ENPADASI_WP4 omics data ONS:0000092 A class which groups the data item collected as results from the physical activity assay ENPADASI_WP4 physical activity assessment data ONS:0000093 The process in which food is made. ENPADASI_WP4 food preparation ONS:0000094 A descriptive diet pertaining to an individual organism. ENPADASI_WP4 eating pattern obsolete: individual dietary pattern https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dietary-pattern true ONS:0000095 An objective measurement to assess the exposure (including food intake), effect, or succeptibility of the human organism (or an animal etc.) ENPADASI_WP4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991 true biomarker ONS:0000096 An exposure biomarker reflects the level of extrinsic variables that humans are exposed to, such as diets or food compounds, including nutrients and non-nutrients. ENPADASI_WP4 Intake Biomarker https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991 exposure biomarker ONS:0000097 An effect biomarker reflects the funciontal response of the human body to an exposure. ENPADASI_WP4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991 effect biomarker ONS:0000098 Measurable indicator including genetic or acquired host factors and intrinsic factors, influencing the response of an individual to a (dietary) exposure. ENPADASI_WP4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974991 susceptibility biomarker ONS:0000099 A raw food is an uncooked, unprocessed food that is consumed in its natural state ENPADASI_WP4 raw food ONS:0000100 A processed food is the result of the process of home or industrial food preparation ENPADASI_WP4 processed food ONS:0000101 Digestion is the breakdown of large food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules. The breakdown is both mechanical and chemical (enzymatic digestion). During digestion, food components are released from the food matrix and may become bioaccessible. ENPADASI_WP4 Should break the definition down into separate terms, e.g. bioaccessable should be defined separately. food digestion ONS:0000102 Process mainly occurring in the small intestine and allowing the passage of the biaoccessible food components from the gastro-intestinal lumen into the blood vessels. Absorption occurs through either diffusion or active transport. The degree and rate at which a substance is absorbed and is made available at the site of physiological activity is called bioavailability ENPADASI_WP4 food component absorption ONS:0000103 Sum of the chemical changes occurring to nutrients and food component within the body. Changes can be anabolic (constructive) or catabolic (destructive). Anabolism converts simpler compounds into organized substances that the body can use. Catabolism converts more organized substances into simpler compounds. In the oxidative or energetic catabolism, this is coupled with the production of ATP ENPADASI_WP4 food component metabolization ONS:0000104 true MSH:D016036 Seroepidemiologic Studies ONS:0000105 Finite list of foods and beverages with response categories to indicate usual frequency of consumption over the time period queried. The time period can vary (from 1 week to 1 year and over). To assess the total diet, the number of foods and beverages queried typically ranges from 80 to 120. Usual portion size can be asked separately for each food and beverage. Alternatively, portion size can be combined with frequency information by asking respondents to translate usual consumption amount to number of specified units (e.g., spoon, cup, glass, etc). Some questionnaires include portion size images in an attempt to enhance reporting accuracy. In addition to foods and beverages, FFQs often ask about the frequency of intake and dosages of dietary supplements. ENPADASI_WP4 true Food Frequency Questionnaire ONS:0000106 A structured interview intended to capture detailed information about all foods and beverages (and possibly, dietary supplements) consumed by the respondent in the past 24 hours, most commonly, from midnight to midnight the previous day. A key feature of the 24HR is that, when appropriate, the respondent is asked for more detailed information than first reported. For example, a respondent reporting chicken for dinner or a sandwich for lunch would be asked about the preparation method and type of bread. This open-ended response structure is designed to prompt respondents to provide a comprehensive and detailed report of all foods and beverages consumed. A 24h can also be filled at home by the responder, and be checked during an interview to further improve it with additional details ENPADASI_WP4 true 24-hour dietary recall ONS:0000107 A food diary is a record of eaten foods on a meal-by-meal, daily, or weekly basis. It is directly filled by the investigated subject, and it can include nutritional or other dietary information, organize and track foods by food group, and allows monitoring what, when, and how often the filling subject eats. ENPADASI_WP4 true Food Diary ONS:0000108 Nutritional researcher role is the role of a researcher with specific training and expertise in the nutritional science field ENPADASI_WP4 Nutritional researcher role ONS:0000109 ENPADASI_WP4 Literature database query ONS:0000110 any type of assay that can be performed in the context of a nutritional study Francesco Vitali https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg nutritional research assay ONS:0000111 an assay that is aimed at discovering new potential metabolites as food consumption biomarkers, or to measure/validate known food consumption biomarkers in a biological sample (e.g. urine, blood, serum, feces). Francesco Vitali https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg food biomarker analysis assay ONS:0000112 An assay that is aimed at measuring the quantity (or presence) of food intake biomarkers in a biological sample (e.g. urine, blood, serum, feces) in order to evaluate the consumption of defined foods Francesco Vitali https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Food biomarker validation assay ONS:0000113 An assay that is aimed at measuring the quantity (or presence) of food related metabolites in a biological sample (e.g. urine, blood, serum, feces) in order to identify/discover new food intake biomarkers Francesco Vitali https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg food biomarker discovery assay ONS:0000114 A data item which is a quantitative estimate of nutrient intake to be used as a reference value for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali DRI dietary reference intake ONS:0000115 A dietary reference intake which is an average of daily nutrient intake values to be used as a reference for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids average daily nutrient intake level daily dietary intake level average daily nutrient intake level ONS:0000116 An average daily nutrient intake level which is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a group. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids RDA recommended dietary allowance ONS:0000117 An average daily nutrient intake level which is recommended based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate with respect to deficiency or disease criteria. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids AI Adequate intake is used when an RDA cannot be determined. adequate intake ONS:0000118 An average daily nutrient intake level which is the highest level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids UL As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects may increase. tolerable upper intake level ONS:0000119 If a specified group is at the EAR threshold of a nutrient intake, then half of the individuals in the specified group are not having their nutritional needs met. An average daily nutrient intake level which is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids EAR estimated average requirement ONS:0000120 An average daily nutrient intake level which is predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal weight individuals of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids EER In children and pregnant and lactating women, the EER includes the needs associated with growth or secretion of milk at rates consistent with good health. • Relative body weight (i.e. loss, stable, gain) is the preferred indicator of energy adequacy estimated energy requirement ONS:0000121 A dietary reference intake data item which is a range of intake for a particular energy source (protein, fat, or carbohydrate), expressed as a percentage of total energy (kcal), that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients. Damion Dooley Francesco Vitali https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids AMDR Relative body weight (i.e. loss, stable, gain) is the preferred indicator of energy adequacy acceptable macronutrient distribution range ONS:0000122 unselected, autochthonous microbial consortia that initiates the fermentation natural starter culture ONS:0000123 microorganisms selected for specific technological and sensory properties that are inoculated directly into food materials used to initiate the fermentation process and in order to bring about desired and predictable changes in the finished product commercial starter cultures ONS:0000124 microorganisms naturally present in the raw food or processing environment autochthonous food microbiota ONS:0000125 the role of a material entity that is the vehicle for introduction of one or more microorganisms (representing starter culture) into a suitable substrate to initiate the fermentation process microbial inoculum ONS:0000126 a complex matrix composed of a polysaccharide (kefiran) in association with bacteria and yeasts formed during kefir fermentation kefir grains ONS:0000127 the addition of a small amount of a previously fermented batch to the raw food, with the aim of initiating a new fermentation process bakslopping ONS:0000128 the food choice management process refers to the complex decision-making process an organism carry out to realize choices about which food to be consumed, and to the choices regarding quantity and mode of consumption of foods. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 food choice management process ONS:0000129 wine consumption is part of the Mediterranean diet; as opposed to the "mismanagement of food choice" an healthy management food choice of red wine consumption in the context of mediterranean diet dietary pattern, would be that of limit consumption to a maximum of 2 glasses per day during meals (https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/a-practical-guide-to-the-mediterranean-diet-2019032116194) a food choice management process resulting in healthy food choice https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 healthy management of food choice ONS:0000130 Wine consumption is part of the Mediterranean diet, which can be regarded as a healthy dietary pattern. A mismanagement of red wine, which might be related to alcohol addiction, leads to unhealthy food choice about the number of red wine servings consumed per day (> 2). This produces a specific dietary pattern and diet, with unfavourable health consequences, even though all the other requirements to adhere to a Mediterranean diet are met a food choice management process resulting in unhealthy food choice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 mismanagement of food choice ONS:0000131 a determinant of diet is any factor that drive the food choices of an organism evaluate if it is more convenient to use the determinant of diet as superclass of a series of factor, or else to define the various factor as separate classes (i.e. palatabiliyt) with a "determinant of diet" role. Could be convenient in case of determinants imported from other ontologies, to avoid changing the original superclass assertion https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 determinant of diet ONS:0000132 food choice refers to any decision an organism makes regarding food and diet. It both refers to the selection of specific foods to be consumed by an organism, from a variety of available options, and to the choices regarding quantity and mode of consumption of foods. Food choice are direct consequence of the food management process, and depends on a variety of determinants of diet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 food selection food choice https://www.eufic.org/en/food-safety/category/food-choice https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-choice ONS:0000133 "Food choices" [ONS:0000132] are driven by the "food choice management process" [ONS:0000128], which in turn is influenced by a multitude of factors defined as "determinant of diet" [ONS:0000131]. Among these, there is the appeal to eat very tasty foods because of the positive effect they exert on the dopamine reward circuitry. In this way, foods rich in highly palatable ingredients such as simple sugars and fats might be preferred to healthier nutrient-dense alternatives. the palatability of a food refers to its capacity of triggering a reward (i.e. hedonic reward, or pleasure, via a stimulation of the dopamine reward pathway) upon consumption. This property can be related to various aspects of food, usually related to fats and sugars content. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 palatability https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatability ONS:0000134 microbial culture responsible for the beginning of the fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starter starter culture for food fermentation ONS:0000135 microbial cultures that do not take part to the fermentation process but contribute to the development of flavours, aroma and organoleptic properties during maturation/ripening through other metabolic pathways https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 non starter culture for food fermentation ONS:0000136 This is a high-level term with the purpose of organization of more granular children term. Should not be used in annotation, favoring more specific sub-classes https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 technological processes during dairy food fermentation ONS:0000137 This is a high-level term with the purpose of organization of more granular children term. Should not be used in annotation, favoring more specific sub-classes https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 biological process during dairy food fermentation ONS:0000138 This is a high-level term with the purpose of organization of more granular children term. Should not be used in annotation, favoring more specific sub-classes https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 microbiota in finished or semi-finished fermented products and in the entire food-chain ONS:0000139 a process in the cheese-making consisting of the storage of cheese in controlled temperature and condition, for defined amount of time. The process is associated to microbial activities such as proteases and lipases which change the morphology and physical texture of the cheese as well as develop taste and flavor of the final product https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 fermented food ripening ONS:0000140 the set of reactions leading to the conversion of fats (triglycerides) into free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and glycerol during the fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 lipolysis during food fermentation ONS:0000141 the set of reactions leading to the hydrolysis of milk proteins into peptides during the food fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 proteolysis during food fermentation ONS:0000142 the set of reactions leading to the conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid, which is substrate for the fermentation processes https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 glucose metabolism during food fermentation ONS:0000143 Water-soluble exopolisaccharide produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens during kefir fermentation. It is present in kefir grains https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 kefiran ONS:0000144 consortium of living microorganisms present in kefir, characterized by bacteria and yeast components (has part) https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 kefir microbiota ONS:0000145 The set of reactions leading to the conversion of carbohydrates into organic acids, ethanol and CO2 by the enzymatic activity of kefir microbiota https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 kefir fermentation ONS:0000146 vital biomass containing microorganisms added to start the fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 inoculum for fermentation ONS:0000147 complex matrix composed of an exopolysaccharide in association with bacteria and yeast cells added to milk for kefir production https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 kefir grain as inoculum ONS:0000148 the procedure in which a small amount of the finished or intermediate fermentation product is used to inoculate a new batch with the aim of starting a new fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 backslopping ONS:0000149 kefir recipe includes and defines the set of ingredients and procedures that should be employed to obtain kefir https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 kefir recipe ONS:0000150 consortium of living microrganisms present in whey, characterized by bacteria and yeast components (has part) https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 whey microbiota ONS:0000151 mixture of milk originating from different animal species or from different milking times https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ mixed milk ONS:0000152 the process of destabilization of casein micelles, which flocculate and aggregate to form a gel enclosing the soluble milk components. It is caused by acidification, by enzymatic activities or by the combination of the two processes https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 milk coagulation ONS:0000153 the set of reactions leading to the conversion of carbohydrates into organic acids by the enzymatic activity of starter microbes in the production of Parmigiano Reggiano. It can also be extended to the proteolitic and lipolytic reactions characterizing maturation and ripening steps. https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ parmigiano reggiano fermentation ONS:0000154 Parmigiano Reggiano recipe includes and defines the set of ingredients and procedures that must be employed to obtain Parmigiano Reggiano cheese https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/consortium-specifications-and-legislation/ parmigiano reggiano recipe ONS:0000155 the result of moulding and final pressing of Parmigiano Reggiano mass retrieved from cauldron https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ shaped parmigiano reggiano ONS:0000156 the set of reactions leading to the conversion of carbohydrates into organic acids, ethanol and CO2 by the enzymatic activity in the absence of oxygen https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_food_processing fermentation ons ONS:0000157 foods or beverages produced through controlled microbial growth, and the conversion of food components through enzymatic action https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 fermented food ONS:0000158 microbial culture responsible for the beginning of the fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starter starter culture ONS:0000159 a chemical and/or physical factor that exerts selection pressure and brings about natural selection within microbiota components https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 agent for physico-chemical selection of microbiota ONS:0000160 the process in which the cheese is placed in a mould giving rise to it its final shape, and immersed in a saturated solution of water and salt https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 cheese shaping and salting ONS:0000161 a heating process in which the curd is cooked at defined temperature for a defined amount of time. As a result the curd sink to the bottom of the cauldron forming a single mass https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 curd cooking ONS:0000162 the microbial consortium associated to curd https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 curd microbiota ONS:0000163 a hard, cooked, brittle cheese with a long ripening time (minimum of 12 months), produced using raw semiskim high-quality cow milk, natural fermented whey, calf rennet and sodium chloride, designed as PDO https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmigiano_Reggiano https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ parmigiano reggiano ONS:0000164 a heating process were curd is cooked at 55 °C for 12 minutes, after which the cheesy granules sink to the bottom of the cauldron forming a single mass https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ parmigiano reggiano curd cooking ONS:0000165 the process in which the shaped cheese is stored in controlled temperature condition and for defined amount of time to give rise to the ripened cheese https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 cheese maturation ONS:0000166 the process during which the parmigiano reggiano cheese wheels are stored at 18-20 °C for a minimum of 12 months giving rise to the ripened parmigiano reggiano https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ parmigiano reggiano maturation ONS:0000167 the microbial consortium associated to parmigiano reggiano cheese https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 parmigiano reggiano microbiota ONS:0000168 the process in which the cheese, wrapped in typical linen cloth, is placed in a mould that gives it its final shape and immersed in a saturated solution of water and salt. https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ parmigiano reggiano shaping and salting ONS:0000169 the result of moulding and final pressing in cheese-making https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 shaped cheese ONS:0000170 mixture obtained by combining milk from morning milking with milk from previous evening milking and used as initial ingredient in Parmigiano Reggiano making https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://www.parmigianoreggiano.com/product-art-of-making/ starting milk mixture ONS:0000171 consortium of living microrganisms present in milk before processing, characterized by bacteria and yeast components (has part) https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 starting milk mixture microbiota ONS:0000172 the role of a material entity, generally a chemical compound, such as the material entity is not suitable for consumption by a defined group of individuals. This role has a causal relation (is determined by) with another material entity such that it exerts a strong causal influence on the role, and its removal cause the termination of the existence of the role https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 suitable for consumption ONS:0000173 the role of a material entity, generally a chemical compound, such as the material entity is unfit for consumption by a defined group of individuals. This role has a causal relation (is determined by) with another material entity such that it exerts a strong causal influence on the role, and its removal cause the termination of the existence of the role https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 unfit for consumption ONS:0000174 the ratio between the vapor pressure of the food, when in a completely undisturbed balance with the surrounding air media, and the vapor pressure of distilled water under identical conditions https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_activity water activity in food ONS:0000175 whey from the previous day manufacture containing the consortium of living microorganisms, added to start the fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 whey as inoculum ONS:0000176 the procedure in which a small amount of the finished or intermediate kefir is used to inoculate a new batch with the aim of starting a new fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 backslopping in kefir fermentation ONS:0000177 the procedure in which a small amount of whey product of the parmigiano reggiano milk coagulation is used to inoculate a new batch with the aim of starting a new fermentation process https://github.com/FrancescoVit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7979 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-7726 backslopping in parmigiano reggiano fermentation ONS:0000178 2024-01-10T22:08:29Z nutritional study ONS:1000001 A collection of food types or items which have organoleptic, nutritional, availability, safety, meal time, or socially relevant characteristics with respect to a consuming individual or population. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition) http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004032 OLD definition: In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism diet ONS:1000002 A feline biologically and anatomically follows a carnivorous diet; Homo sapiens biologically and anatomically follow an omnivorous diet A diet that is defined by the biological, anatomical, and evolutionistic digestive capabilities of a given organism. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet by digestive capability ONS:1000003 A diet that is defined by characteristics of ingested food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet by type of food ONS:1000004 A diet which involves food produced under certain agricultural conditions. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet by agricultural treatment ONS:1000005 A diet defined by the nutritional presence or absence of types of food bioactive compounds. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet by nutritional composition ONS:1000006 An eating pattern that excludes a given diet. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg restrictive diet ONS:1000007 A diet which is prescribed to meet some dietary pattern objective for an individual organism or group. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg prescribed diet ONS:1000008 A diet which represents food types or items consumed in the regular course of eating and drinking by an individual or population over some duration of time. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg The food entities in a descriptive diet may be characterized by kind of diet as well as other (food survey or log) parameters such as quantity, time, frequency or duration of aggregate consumption, meal type and/or setting. descriptive diet ONS:1000009 An eating pattern pertaining to a single organism (an instance of organism). This can be used descriptively or prescriptively. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: individual dietary pattern true ONS:1000010 Pregnant women should not drink more than 2 glasses of wine a day. A prescribed diet which pertains to a population or sub-population of organism. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Was labeled "population dietary pattern", but semantics are now reserved for proscriptive use. For descriptive use see "population regular diet". recommended diet ONS:1000011 A food consumption process in which the timing of food and/or liquid ingestion is limited. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30897855 fasting process https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30897855 ONS:1000012 Intermittent fasting is a broad term that encompasses a variety of programs that manipulate the timing of eating occasions by utilizing short-term fasts with the intention of modulating body composition and/or overall health. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374764/ intermittent fasting https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374764/ ONS:1000013 involving fasting periods that are longer than a normal overnight fast of 8–12 hours. A form of time restricted eating, typically 16 h fasting and 8 h eating. A type of intermittent fasting process which allows ad libitum energy intake within controlled time frames, generally a 3-12 hour range each day. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739093/ TRE time-restricted feeding time-restricted feeding https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739093/ ONS:1000014 The fasting protocol indicated fasting for 16 hrs per 24 hrs for a duration of 3 months. A protocol that specifies the timing of food consumption. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg fasting schedule fasting protocol ONS:1000015 The process of ingesting food during a single eating and/or drinking session. This does not include the digestion process. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg episodic food intake process ONS:1000016 A diet of a carnivore, which focuses almost exclusively on the consumption of animal food sources. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg carnivorous diet ONS:1000017 A diet of an omivore, which includes both plant and animal food sources. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg omnivorous diet ONS:1000018 A diet of a herbivore, which focuses almost exclusively on the consumption of plants, fungi and/or lichen. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg herbivorous diet ONS:1000019 A diet defined by the food source organisms it allows or excludes. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet by food organism ONS:1000020 A diet which focuses almost exclusively on the consumption of plants, fungi and/or lichen. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGETARIAN vegetarian diet ONS:1000021 A diet that excludes all animal products (including fish and seafood). https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGAN vegan diet ONS:1000022 A diet that includes vegetarian and milk-derived food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg lacto-vegetarian diet ONS:1000023 A diet that includes vegetarian and avian egg derived food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg ovo-vegetarian diet ONS:1000024 A diet that includes vegetarian, avian egg, and milk derived food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg lacto-ovo vegetarian diet ONS:1000025 primarily a plant-based diet but includes meat, dairy, eggs, poultry and fish on occasion or in small quantities https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg flexitarian diet semi-vegetarian diet ONS:1000026 A diet which includes vegetarian food as well as fish and seafood. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg pescetarian diet ONS:1000027 A diet that excludes food containing beef food products. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-WITHOUT_BEEF non-beef diet ONS:1000028 A diet that excludes food containing swine food products. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-WITHOUT_PORK non-pork diet ONS:1000029 A diet consisting entirely of breast milk. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg infant breast milk diet ONS:1000030 A diet involving formula milk. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg formula milk diet infant formula milk diet ONS:1000031 A diet defined by the texture of prepared food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet by food texture ONS:1000032 A soft textured diet was the most often prescribed followed by pureed texture and then minced texture. A diet containing carefully selected foods of an appropriate consistency which can be more easily chewed and managed by a person with dysphagia. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/High-risk-foods-info-sheet-2pp-A4.pdf texture modified diet https://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/High-risk-foods-info-sheet-2pp-A4.pdf ONS:1000033 A full liquid diet is made up only of fluids and foods that are normally liquid and foods that turn to liquid when they are at room temperature. A full liquid diet excludes solid foods. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm liquid diet https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm ONS:1000034 A diet consisting of food produced from organic agriculture (food that is grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, genetic engineering, pesticides, or drugs.) https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/en/ https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-ORGANIC biological agriculture diet organic agriculture diet http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/en/ https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf ONS:1000035 A diet consisting of food that may have been reared with the use of pesticides, herbicides or chemical fertilizers. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf non-organic agriculture diet https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf ONS:1000036 A ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that mimics a fasting state, resulting in the substitution of ketone bodies as a source of energy. The ketogenic diet can be used to reduce recurrent epileptic seizures in individuals with intractable epilepsy. Intractable epilepsy is defined as epilepsy that failed to respond to three or more antiepileptic drugs. A high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. It is primarily used in medicine to treat difficult-to-control epilepsy in children https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody PMID:27759811 PMID:28701250 https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ketogenic-diet PMID:23419562 Modified Atkins diet ketogenic diet PMID:27759811 PMID:28701250 https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/ketogenic-diet PMID:23419562 ONS:1000037 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial, which demonstrated that consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and reduced in saturated fat and cholesterol https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody PMID: 29141784 DASH diet PMID: 29141784 https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html ONS:1000038 A moderate-fat, restricted-calorie, Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables and low in red meat, with poultry and fish replacing beef and lamb. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody PMID:18635428 MeDi mediterranean diet PMID:18635428 ONS:1000039 A diet which provides > 60% of total dietary energy from carbohydrates. It consists predominantly of high glycemic carbohydrates have detrimental metabolic effects https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg high-carbohydrate diet ONS:1000040 Low-carbohydrate diets restrict carbohydrate consumption relative to the average diet. Foods high in carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, bread, pasta) are limited, and replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fat and protein (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, and seeds), as well as low carbohydrate foods (e.g. spinach, kale, chard, collards, and other fibrous vegetables). https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet PMID:18635428 Low carbohydrate diet low-carbohydrate, high-protien, high fat diet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet PMID:18635428 ONS:1000041 A diet involving the a larger proportion of fat than normal. high fat diet ONS:1000042 A restricted-energy diet with less than 30% of energy from fat. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody PMID:23651522 low fat diet PMID:23651522 ONS:1000043 A diet which minimises or eliminates the consumption of gluten. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-FREE_FROM_GLUTEN gluten free diet ONS:1000044 A diet that an individual organism has chosen as an objective. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg self-prescribed diet ONS:1000045 A diet prescribed to a group in a research study. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg research prescribed diet ONS:1000046 A dietairy pattern adhered to by a study control group. (possibly a placebo). https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg null nutritional diet study null nutritional diet ONS:1000047 A diet designed to reduce the symptoms of Coeliac disease which is caused by a reaction to gliadin (a gluten protein found in wheat) and similar proteins found in other crops. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-COELIAC celiac diet coeliac diet ONS:1000048 A diet involving the avoidance of Fermentable Oligo-Di-Monosaccharides and Polyols. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FODMAP FODMAP diet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FODMAP ONS:1000049 A diet designed to reduce the presence of fat in an organism. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg weight loss diet ONS:1000050 A diet which has an athletic performance objective https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg performance diet ONS:1000051 A cultural or religious eating pattern. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg ethnographic diet ONS:1000052 A diet consisting of halal approved food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-HALAL halal diet ONS:1000053 A diet consisting of kosher approved food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-KOSHER kosher diet ONS:1000054 An ingested food data set which is subjectively recorded or recalled by an individual consuming the food. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg diet record self-reported diet https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/63.4.491 ONS:1000055 A descriptive diet which is observed by a researcher to have been consumed by a subject organism or population of organisms. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg objectively-reported diet ONS:1000056 A descriptive diet which contains a list of foods that an individual organism has ingested over some period of time. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg ingested food data set ONS:1000057 A population regular diet which is a long-term average daily intake of nutrients and/or foods calculated according to a National Cancer Institute statistical model. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/ NCI usual diet https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/ ONS:1000058 An ingested food data set of food consumption events detailing food ingested and the time of ingestion. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg This may include the mass or quantity of a food item, and other details such as its preparation process.' ingested food log ONS:1000059 A descriptive diet containing food types or items pertinent to an average day or a given day which are ingested by an individual or organism population. The collection may indicate quantities or counts of food material. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg daily food intake ONS:1000060 A descriptive diet containing nutrient classes and their average daily intake quantity for an individual or organism population. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg daily average nutritional intake ONS:1000061 The whole of the processes by which food components released by food digestion are able to reach bloodstream https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg food component absorption process https://askthescientists.com/nutrient-absorption/ ONS:1000062 A set of restrictions on food type ingestion and/or timing of food ingestion. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg dietary protocol dietary regimen ONS:1000063 The process an organism has which achieves a dietary pattern and involves food availability, physiological or psychological motivation, selection, episodic consumption, and digestion. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg organism food management process ONS:1000064 A data item recording data about a dietary pattern dietary pattern data item ONS:1000065 the diet resulting from the lifestyle adaptation following the industrial revolution. It is often associated with western countries, but is increasingly becoming adopted also in other geographic areas. It is known to be rich in red and processed meats, sweets, fried foods, and refined grains while being poor in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains. In terms of micronutrients, this diet is usually rich in salt, yet poor in other minerals and vitamins, whereas in terms of fats, it is high in saturated and trans-fatty acids, and low in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its fibre and complex carbohydrates contents are also very low due to the high consumption of refined sugars instead of whole-grain foods. "Western diet" synonym of this concept has a wider use in the literature, nevertheless it imply a misleading association to specific geographic location, even though it has a broader distribution. Another possible synonym, taking into consideration that this lifestyle is considered the result of the Industrial Revolution, is "industrialized diet" https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 industrialized diet urban diet western diet globalized diet ONS:1000066 the diet characteristic of the lifestyle in isolated/rural areas, commonly in developing countries. It is mainly composed of naturally available food products, including fresh animal protein and vegetables while excluding industrially processed foods. Nevertheless, it is common to use traditional food processing methods to improve nutrient availability, digestibility or to increase conservation time to avoid scarcity. These methods include soaking, fermentation, cooking, pounding, and sprouting. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 local agrarian diet traditional diet rural diet ONS:2000001 The temporal aspect of a dietary pattern that details meal frequency or fasting as a daily or episodic activity. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg This should be placed under BCIO "consumption behaviour pattern" BCIO:050210 timing of food intake ONS:2000002 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by digestive capabilities. https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: dietary pattern by digestive capability true ONS:2000003 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by type of food https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: dietary pattern by type of food true ONS:2000004 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by agriculture treatment https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: dietary pattern by agriculture treatment true ONS:2000005 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by nutritional composition https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: dietary pattern by nutritional composition true ONS:2000006 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a proscribed diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: proscribed dietary pattern true ONS:2000007 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a prescribed diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: prescribed dietary pattern true ONS:2000008 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in descriptive diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: descriptive dietary pattern true ONS:2000019 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a diet by food organism https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: dietary pattern by food organism true ONS:2000020 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a vegetarian diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGETARIAN obsolete: vegetarian dietary pattern true ONS:2000021 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a vegan diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-VEGAN obsolete: vegan dietary pattern true ONS:2000022 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a lacto-vegetarian diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern true ONS:2000023 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a ovo-vegetarian diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: ovo-vegetarian dietary pattern true ONS:2000024 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary pattern true ONS:2000025 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a semi-vegetarian diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg flexitarian diet obsolete: semi-vegetarian dietary pattern true ONS:2000026 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a pescetarian diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: pescetarian dietary pattern true ONS:2000036 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a ketogenic diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody obsolete: ketogenic diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000037 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a DASH diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody obsolete: DASH diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000038 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a Mediterranean diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody obsolete: meditteranean diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000039 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a high-carbohydrate diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg obsolete: high-carbohydrate diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000040 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a low-carbohydrate, high-protien, high fat diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet PMID:18635428 obsolete: low-carbohydrate, high-protien, high fat diet dietary pattern https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet PMID:18635428 true ONS:2000041 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a high fat diet obsolete: high fat diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000042 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a low fat diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg Leigh Carmody obsolete: low fat diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000043 A dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a gluten free diet https://github.com/FoodOntology/joint-food-ontology-wg https://www.gs1.org/voc/DietTypeCode-FREE_FROM_GLUTEN obsolete: gluten free dietary pattern true ONS:2000044 a dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a globalized diet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 obsolete: globalized diet dietary pattern true ONS:2000045 a dietary pattern that define the quantity, variety or combination of different food in a rural diet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-4337 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7164 obsolete: rural diet dietary pattern true PATO:0000001 A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality PATO:0000011 A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age PATO:0000014 A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. colour relative color color PATO:0000025 A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition composition PATO:0000033 A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration concentration of PATO:0000047 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. true biological sex PATO:0000048 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced hardness PATO:0000051 A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology PATO:0000068 qualitative PATO:0000069 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) PATO:0000117 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size PATO:0000122 length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. length PATO:0000125 mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass PATO:0000141 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. relational structural quality structure PATO:0000146 A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature PATO:0000165 A quality in which events occur in sequence. time PATO:0000186 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. behavioural quality behavioral quality PATO:0000261 A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. maturity PATO:0000308 An age which is relatively high. old PATO:0000309 An age which is relatively low. young PATO:0000317 A color that lacks any hues as parts. black PATO:0000318 A color hue with low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers. blue PATO:0000319 A color consisting of green and blue hue. cyan PATO:0000320 A color hue with medium-low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between yellow and blue, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 490 to 570 nanometers. green PATO:0000321 A color consisting of red and blue hues. magenta PATO:0000322 A color hue with high wavelength of the long-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 630 to 750 nanometers. red PATO:0000323 An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths. white PATO:0000324 A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers. yellow PATO:0000336 A color quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having color. colored PATO:0000383 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. female PATO:0000384 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. male PATO:0000386 A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. hard PATO:0000387 A hardness quality of giving little resistance to pressure. soft PATO:0000455 A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having arrived at the onset of puberty (the age at which sex glands become functional) but not yet fully mature. pubescent PATO:0000460 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. abnormal PATO:0000586 A size quality which is relatively high. increased size PATO:0000587 A size quality which is relatively low. decreased size PATO:0000918 A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume PATO:0000950 A color between white and black colors. grey PATO:0000951 A color that falls about midway between red and blue in hue. purple PATO:0000952 A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. brown PATO:0000953 A color hue with high-medium wavelength that of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between red and yellow, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 585 to 620 nanometers. orange PATO:0000954 Red color having medium to high brightness and low to moderate saturation. pink PATO:0000992 A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity PATO:0000998 A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous PATO:0001018 A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality PATO:0001025 A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure PATO:0001159 A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. concentrated PATO:0001162 A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. high concentration increased concentration PATO:0001163 A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. low concentration decreased concentration PATO:0001185 A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis. larval PATO:0001186 A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being at the age immediately before puberty. prepubescent PATO:0001187 A maturity quality inhering in a insect by virtue of the bearer's being in the chrysalis (cocoon) or post larval stage. pupal PATO:0001188 A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in an inactive stage in the development of some insects, between the larval and the pupal stages. prepupal PATO:0001189 A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being between the onset of puberty and maturity. adolescent PATO:0001190 A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being not fully grown or developed. juvenile PATO:0001236 A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality PATO:0001237 quality of a single physical entity A physical object quality which inheres in a single-bearer. obsolete: quality of a single physical entity true PATO:0001238 quality of related physical entities A physical entity quality which exists in relation towards some other entity. quality of related physical entities PATO:0001241 A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant physical object quality PATO:0001243 A color consisting of blue hue and high brightness. light blue PATO:0001244 A color consisting of blue hue and low brightness. dark blue PATO:0001245 A color consisting of brown hue and low brightness. dark brown PATO:0001246 A color consisting of brown hue and high brightness. light brown PATO:0001247 A color consisting of cyan hue and high brightness. light cyan PATO:0001248 A color consisting of cyan hue and low brightness. dark cyan PATO:0001249 A color consisting of green hue and low brightness. dark green PATO:0001250 A color consisting of green hue and high brightness. light green PATO:0001251 A color consisting of grey color and low brightness. dark grey PATO:0001252 A color consisting of grey color and high brightness. light grey PATO:0001253 A color consisting of magenta color and high brightness. light magenta PATO:0001254 A color consisting of magenta with low brightness. dark magenta PATO:0001255 A color consisting of orange hue and high brightness. light orange PATO:0001256 A color consisting of orange color and low brightness. dark orange PATO:0001257 Pink color having high brightness and moderate saturation. light deep pink PATO:0001258 Pink color having medium brightness and moderate saturation. deep pink PATO:0001259 A color consisting of purple color and low brightness. dark purple PATO:0001260 A color consisting of purple color and high brightness. light purple PATO:0001261 A color consisting of red hue and low brightness. dark red PATO:0001262 A color consisting of red hue and high brightness. light red PATO:0001263 A color consisting of yellow hue and low brightness. dark yellow PATO:0001264 A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness. light yellow PATO:0001265 A color consisting of blue hue and high saturation. saturated blue PATO:0001266 A color consisting of blue hue and low saturation. pale blue desaturated blue PATO:0001267 A color consisting of brown hue and high saturation. saturated brown PATO:0001268 A color consisting of brown hue and low saturation. pale brown desaturated brown PATO:0001269 A color consisting of cyan colour and high saturation. saturated cyan PATO:0001270 A color consisting of cyan colour and low saturation. pale cyan desaturated cyan PATO:0001271 A color consisting of green hue and high saturation. saturated green PATO:0001272 A color consisting of green hue and low saturation. pale green desaturated green PATO:0001275 A color consisting of magenta color and high saturation. saturated magenta PATO:0001276 A color consisting of magenta color and low saturation. pale magenta desaturated magenta PATO:0001277 A color consisting of orange hue and high saturation. saturated orange PATO:0001278 A color consisting of orange hue and low saturation. pale orange desaturated orange PATO:0001280 Pink color having medium brightness and low saturation. dark pale pink PATO:0001281 A color consisting of purple color and high saturation. saturated purple PATO:0001282 A color consisting of purple color and low saturation. pale purple desaturated purple PATO:0001283 A color consisting of red hue and high saturation. saturated red PATO:0001284 A color consisting of red hue and low saturation. pale red desaturated red PATO:0001285 A color consisting of yellow hue and high saturation. saturated yellow PATO:0001286 A color consisting of yellow hue and low saturation. pale yellow desaturated yellow PATO:0001287 A color consisting of red and brown hue. red brown PATO:0001288 A color consisting of red and brown hue and low brightness. dark red brown PATO:0001289 A color consisting of red and brown hue and high brightness. light red brown PATO:0001300 An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality PATO:0001302 A color consisting of red and orange hue with a slight amount of gray. vermilion PATO:0001305 A temperature which is relatively high. high temperature hot increased temperature PATO:0001306 A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature PATO:0001309 A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. period duration PATO:0001315 A temperature which is increased by a low degree. mild increased temperature PATO:0001316 A temperature which is increased by a medium degree. moderate increased temperature PATO:0001317 A temperature which is increased by a high degree. severe increased temperature PATO:0001338 mixed sex A biological sex quality inhering in a population of multiple sexes. mixed sex PATO:0001340 A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and female sexual organs in one individual. hermaphroditic intersex hermaphrodite PATO:0001424 A color hue with very low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between reddish blue or bluish purple, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 380 nanometers. violet PATO:0001425 A color hue consisting of red hue and yellow hue and high brightness. rosy PATO:0001426 A color consisting of purple and brown hue. maroon PATO:0001501 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development. immature PATO:0001543 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility PATO:0001544 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. bendy flexible PATO:0001545 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff inflexible PATO:0001546 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid PATO:0001548 A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid PATO:0001693 A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity PATO:0001694 A viscosity which relatively low. low viscosity decreased viscosity PATO:0001701 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development. mature PATO:0001702 A color consisting of violet hue and high saturation. saturated violet PATO:0001703 A color consisting of violet hue and low saturation. pale violet desaturated violet PATO:0001704 A color consisting of violet hue and high brightness. light violet PATO:0001705 A color consisting of violet hue and low brightness. dark violet PATO:0001708 A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size 1-D extent PATO:0001710 A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size 3-D extent PATO:0001735 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids. liquid liquid configuration PATO:0001736 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of solids. solid solid configuration PATO:0001776 A flexibility which is relatively high. high flexibility increased flexibility PATO:0001777 A flexibility which is relatively low. low flexibility decreased flexibility PATO:0001800 A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the quantities or relative ratios of water of the inhering entity. water composition PATO:0001801 A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the reduction in amount of water the bearer contains. dehydrated decreased water composition PATO:0001827 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of one sex and external sexual characteristics of the other sex. pseudohermaphrodite PATO:0001828 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of male and external sexual characteristics of female. male pseudohermaphrodite PATO:0001829 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of female and external sexual characteristics of male. female pseudohermaphrodite PATO:0001888 A quality of a liquid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to mix with (dissolve in) another liquid. miscibility PATO:0001894 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. phenotypic sex PATO:0001941 A color consisting of yellow and green hues. yellow green PATO:0001942 A color consisting of brown and green hues. olive green brown green PATO:0001943 A purple color which has low saturation and low brightness. lilac PATO:0001944 A color consisting of yellow and orange hue. yellow orange PATO:0001945 A moderate yellow-orange to orange color. ochre PATO:0001985 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. frozen PATO:0001995 A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality PATO:0002003 A quality that inheres in an entire population or part of a population. population quality PATO:0002020 Pink color having high brightness and low saturation. pale pink PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process PATO:0002066 A solid configuration inhering in a material entity by virtue of its constituent atoms, molecules, or ions being arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. crystal configuration PATO:0002127 A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure and fibrous. scirrhous PATO:0002138 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. edibleness edibility PATO:0002139 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being suitable for use as food. edible PATO:0002140 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer not being suitable for use as food. inedible PATO:0002182 A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. relational molecular quality molecular quality PATO:0002198 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance PATO:0002206 A maturity quality inhering to a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being at the point or short after birth. neonatal PATO:0002300 A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality PATO:0002301 A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality PATO:0002303 A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality PATO:0002305 A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality PATO:0002363 A medium brown color with a metallic sheen, resembles the actual alloy bronze. bronze PATO:0002365 Female quality of having complete, unaltered reproductive organs intact female PATO:0002366 Male quality of having complete, unaltered reproductive organs. intact male PATO:0002367 Male quality of being incapable to reproduce because of functional loss of the testicles from surgical removal or chemical means. castrated male PATO:0002410 A colour that is very pale yellowish brown. beige PATO:0002411 A color consisting of yellow and brown hue. yellow brown PATO:0002412 A color consisting of yellow and brown hue and low brightness. dark yellow brown PATO:0002413 A color consisting of yellow and brown hue and high brightness. light yellow brown PATO:0002450 A hardness quality of giving significant resistance to pressure. firm PATO:0040020 Female quality of being incapable to reproduce because of functional loss of the ovaries and/or uterus from surgical removal. spayed female PATO:0040049 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population who are otherwise male of a non-hermaphroditic species who has ambiguous or atypical congenital development of the reproductive system. male with differences of sexual differentiation male with disorder of sexual development male, DSD male with DSD PATO:0040050 A phenotypic sex quality inhering in a plant organism or a population of plants in which the flowers have two stamens. diandrous PATO:0040051 A phenotypic sex quality inhering in a plant organism or a population of plants in which the flowers have only one stamen. monandrous PATO:0040052 A sequential hermaphroditic quality whereby organisms start out as female and change to male at a later life stage. protogyny protogynous PATO:0040053 A sequential hermaphroditic quality whereby organisms start out as male and change to female at a later life stage. protandry protandrous PATO:0040054 A protogynous quality whereby organisms start out as female and change to hermaphrodite at a later life stage. protogynous hermaphrodite protogynous hermaphroditic protogynous hermaphroditism PATO:0040055 A protandrous quality whereby organisms start out as male and change to hermaphrodite at a later life stage. protandrous hermaphrodite protandrous hermaphroditic protandrous hermaphroditism PATO:0040056 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population who are otherwise female of a non-hermaphroditic species who has ambiguous or atypical congenital development of the reproductive system. female with differences of sexual differentiation female with disorder of sexual development female, DSD female with DSD PATO:0045001 A quality of an object that has a value that is normal or average. normal object quality PATO:0045021 A flexibility which is relatively normal or average. normal flexibility PATO:0045067 A temperature which is relatively normal or average normal temperature PATO:0045081 A viscosity which is relatively normal or average normal viscosity PATO:0070000 A hermaphroditic quality that inheres in a population or organism where an organism changes is a different sexes during different life stages. sequential hermaphroditic sequential hermaphrodite PATO:0070060 A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation PCO:0000000 collection of organisms PR:000050567 A material entity that minimally consists of a protein. protein-containing material entity SO:0000001 region A sequence_feature with an extent greater than zero. A nucleotide region is composed of bases and a polypeptide region is composed of amino acids. region STATO:0000096 stratification is a planned process which executes a stratification rule using as input a population and assign it member to mutually exclusive subpopulation based on the values defined by the stratification rule PRS+AGB adapted from wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling polled on June 7th,2013 population stratification prior to sampling STATO:0000124 a stratification rule/criteria is a criteria used to determine population strata so that a stratification process implementing the rule can result in any member of the total population being assigned to one and only one stratum STATO adapted from wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling polled on June 7th,2013 stratification rule STATO:0000216 a stratum population is a population resulting from a population stratification prior to sampling process which aims to produce homogenous subpopulations from an heterogeneous population by applying one or more stratification criteria STATO stratum population STATO:0000502 statistical sampling is a planned process which aims at assembling a population of observation units (samples) in as an unbiaised manner as possible in order to obtain or infer information about the actual population these samples have been drawn. STATO statistical sampling STATO:0000503 Simple random sampling is a statistical sampling process which creates a sample of a size n entirely by chance. In such process, each unit has the same probability of being selected. Depending on the size of the population being sampled, the sampling process may be done with or without replacement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_random_sample simple random sampling UBERON:0000061 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure UBERON:0000062 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. organ UBERON:0000064 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. cardinal organ part organ part UBERON:0000160 Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. bowel intestine UBERON:0000165 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). regio oralis mouth UBERON:0000174 A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. excreted substance portion of excreted substance waste substance excreta UBERON:0000178 A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. true portion of blood vertebrate blood blood UBERON:0000179 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. haemolymphatic fluid UBERON:0000456 A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance secretion of exocrine gland UBERON:0000463 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance organism substance UBERON:0000465 Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity UBERON:0000467 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical system UBERON:0000468 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. multi-cellular organism multicellular organism UBERON:0000477 Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. anatomical cluster UBERON:0000479 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. portion of tissue tissue portion tissue UBERON:0000945 An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. stomach UBERON:0001007 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. digestive system UBERON:0001013 Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. fat fat tissue fatty tissue adipose tissue UBERON:0001088 Excretion that is the output of a kidney. urine UBERON:0001089 Secretion produced by a sweat gland. sweat UBERON:0001155 A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. large bowel colon UBERON:0001836 A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. salivary gland secretion saliva UBERON:0001913 An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. mammal milk mammary gland milk milk UBERON:0001970 Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. bile UBERON:0001988 Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. faeces fecal material fecal matter piece of shit portion of excrement portion of faeces portion of fecal material portion of fecal matter portion of feces portionem cacas stool feces UBERON:0002384 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. portion of connective tissue textus connectivus connective tissue UBERON:0003100 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. female organism UBERON:0004921 A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. subdivision of digestive tract UBERON:0005409 The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. alimentary part of gastrointestinal system UBERON:0006314 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. body fluid bodily fluid UBERON:0006538 A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. respiratory system fluid/secretion UBERON:0006539 A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. mammary gland fluid/secretion UBERON:0006911 digestive system fluid or secretion digestive system secreted substance UBERON:0007023 A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage. adults adult organism UBERON:0007311 Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. sputum UBERON:0010000 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure UBERON:0010039 An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. food storage organ UBERON:0011821 Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. irregular connective tissue UBERON:0011822 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) dense irregular connective tissue UBERON:0011823 Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. dense connective tissue UBERON:0012112 A substance that is consumed by the organism for food. ingested food UBERON:0013522 subdivision of tube UBERON:0013765 Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. digestive organ digestive system organ digestive system element UBERON:0034923 Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. disconnected anatomical group UO:0000000 unit UO:0000001 length unit UO:0000002 mass unit UO:0000003 time unit UO:0000005 temperature unit UO:0000006 substance unit UO:0000045 base unit UO:0000051 concentration unit UO:0000095 volume unit UO:0000105 frequency unit UO:0000109 pressure unit UO:0000270 volumetric flow rate unit UO:0000280 rate unit UO:1000021 gram based unit UO:1000031 minute based unit UO:1000032 hour based unit UO:1000033 day based unit UO:1000034 week based unit UO:1000036 year based unit VO:0000001 A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine. vaccine VO:0000002 a process of administering substance in vivo that involves in adding a vaccine into a host (e.g., human) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective or therapeutic adaptive immune response. vaccination resource:SIO_000031 true start date resource:SIO_000052 quantity resource:SIO_000070 measurement value resource:SIO_000085 question resource:SIO_000113 sentence resource:SIO_000115 resource:SIO_000136 true resource:SIO_000154 resource:SIO_000258 dimensional quantity resource:SIO_000366 number resource:SIO_000391 time measurement resource:SIO_000403 study group resource:SIO_000418 time instant resource:SIO_000475 biological quality resource:SIO_000506 geometric entity resource:SIO_000507 point resource:SIO_000508 endpoint resource:SIO_000532 terminal point resource:SIO_000664 country resource:SIO_000669 start time resource:SIO_000670 end time resource:SIO_001014 ethnicity resource:SIO_001068 true control group efo:EFO_0000319 cardiovascular disease efo:EFO_0000400 diabetes mellitus efo:EFO_0000405 digestive system disease efo:EFO_0000408 disease efo:EFO_0000433 duration efo:EFO_0000537 hypertension efo:EFO_0000589 metabolic disease efo:EFO_0000719 temporal measurement efo:EFO_0001379 endocrine system disease efo:EFO_0001444 measurement efo:EFO_0003919 risk factor efo:EFO_0003939 energy intake efo:EFO_0003940 true physical activity efo:EFO_0004264 vascular disease efo:EFO_0004302 anthropometric measurement efo:EFO_0004315 drinking behavior efo:EFO_0004318 true smoking behavior efo:EFO_0004324 body weights and measures efo:EFO_0004329 true alcohol drinking efo:EFO_0004338 true body weight efo:EFO_0004339 true body height efo:EFO_0004342 true waist circumference efo:EFO_0004512 bone measurement efo:EFO_0005093 hip circumference efo:EFO_0005518 true sample collection protocol efo:EFO_0005671 smoking behaviour measurement efo:EFO_0005847 increased risk efo:EFO_0006525 cigarettes per day measurement efo:EFO_0009406 glucose metabolism disease efo:EFO_0009605 pancreas disease owl:Thing Temporal Instant Time extent; duration of a time interval separate from its particular start position Temporal Duration example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion 4.5 lactic acid concentration in kefir 4.8 lactose concentration in starting milk mixture 0.01 lactose concentration in parmigiano reggiano 55 temperature of parmigiano reggiano curd cooking 10 duration of parmigiano reggiano curd cooking 0.93 water activity of parmigiano reggiano 12 duration of parmigiano reggiano maturation axiom holds for all times ## Elucidation This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally' ## How to interpret (informal) First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation. ## Example Class: nucleus SubClassOf: part_of some cell forall t : forall n : instance_of(n,Nucleus,t) implies exists c : instance_of(c,Cell,t) part_of(n,c,t) ## Notes This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation axiom holds for all times meter A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. m meter second A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom. s sec second centimeter A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m. cm centimeter millimeter A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m. mm millimeter micrometer A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m. um micrometer nanometer A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m. nm nanometer angstrom A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m. angstrom milligram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g. mg milligram microgram A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g. ug microgram nanogram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g. ng nanogram picogram A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g. pg picogram degree Celsius A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K. C degree C degree Celsius month A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days. month micromole A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol. umol micromole nanomole A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol. nmol nanomole picomole A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol. pmol picomole molar A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). M molar millimolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M. mM millimolar micromolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M. uM micromolar nanomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M. nM nanomolar picomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M. pM picomolar cubic centimeter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml. cc cubic centimeter milliliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter. ml milliliter liter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter. L liter cubic decimeter A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L. cubic decimeter microliter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L. ul microliter nanoliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L. nl nanoliter picoliter A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L. pl picoliter hertz A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second. hertz mass percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture. % w/w percent weight pr weight mass percentage mass volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture. % w/v percent vol per vol mass volume percentage volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution. % v/v percent vol per vol volume percentage gram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters. g per L g/L gram per liter milligram per milliliter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters. mg per ml mg/ml milligram per milliliter pH A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+). pH milliliter per liter A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution. ml per L ml/l milliliter per liter gram per deciliter A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters. g/dl gram per deciliter colony forming unit per volume A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume. colony forming unit per volume microliters per minute A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute. microliters per minute count per nanomolar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second. count per nanomolar second count per molar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second. count per molar second count per nanomolar A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar. count per nanomolar count per molar A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar. count per molar microgram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters. ng/ml ug/L microgram per liter 2024-07-03 has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part has part realizes realizes COB:0000032 geographical location concretizes A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about is about An information artifact IA mentions an entity E exactly when it has a component/part that denotes E mentions A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes has_specified_input has_specified_input The inverse property of is_specified_input_of has_specified_input has_specified_output has_specified_output The inverse property of is_specified_output_of has_specified_output inheres in a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. characteristic of bearer of Inverse of characteristic_of has characteristic has characteristic participates in a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates in has participant a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has function a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has quality has role this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives from w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component process p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. has output A relationship that holds between a substance and a chemical entity, if the chemical entity is part of the substance, and the chemical entity forms the biologically active component of the substance. has active substance has active ingredient has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. determined by UO:0000009 kilogram UO:0000021 gram UO:0000031 minute UO:0000032 hour UO:0000033 day UO:0000034 week UO:0000036 year The Ontology for Nutritional Studies (ONS) has been developed as part of the ENPADASI European project (http://www.enpadasi.eu/) with the aim to define a common language and building ontologies for nutritional studies. ENPADASI_WP4 ONS 2024-07-03