Meng Zhang Xinyue Hu Dave Beckett Nikki Rogers Participants in W3C's Semantic Web Deployment Working Group. Alistair Miles Sean Bechhofer An RDF vocabulary extending SKOS and allowing the description and linking of lexical entities. An RDF vocabulary for describing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes embedded in glossaries and terminologies. SKOS Vocabulary SKOS XL Vocabulary Cui Tao Fang Li Yifang Dang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ cui.tao@uth.tmc.edu The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. alternative label An alternative lexical label for a resource. Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel). change note A note about a modification to a concept. definition A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept. editorial note A note for an editor, translator or maintainer of the vocabulary. example An example of the use of a concept. The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. hidden label A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search operations. history note A note about the past state/use/meaning of a concept. note A general note, for any purpose. This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more specific note types. A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag, and no more than one value of skos:prefLabel without language tag. The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals. skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties. preferred label The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given language. scope note A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept. has broader match skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree). has broader Relates a concept to a concept that is more general in meaning. By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. has broader transitive skos:broaderTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:broader. By convention, skos:broaderTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application. has close match skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive property. skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch. has exact match skos:exactMatch is used to link two concepts, indicating a high degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably across a wide range of information retrieval applications. skos:exactMatch is a transitive property, and is a sub-property of skos:closeMatch. has top concept Relates, by convention, a concept scheme to a concept which is topmost in the broader/narrower concept hierarchies for that scheme, providing an entry point to these hierarchies. is in scheme Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included. A concept may be a member of more than one concept scheme. These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice. is in mapping relation with Relates two concepts coming, by convention, from different schemes, and that have comparable meanings has member Relates a collection to one of its members. For any resource, every item in the list given as the value of the skos:memberList property is also a value of the skos:member property. has member list Relates an ordered collection to the RDF list containing its members. has narrower match skos:narrowMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree). has narrower Relates a concept to a concept that is more specific in meaning. By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources. has narrower transitive skos:narrowerTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:narrower. By convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application. skos:related is disjoint with skos:broaderTransitive has related Relates a concept to a concept with which there is an associative semantic relationship. has related match skos:relatedMatch is used to state an associative mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes. is in semantic relation with Links a concept to a concept related by meaning. This property should not be used directly, but as a super-property for all properties denoting a relationship of meaning between concepts. is top concept in scheme Relates a concept to the concept scheme that it is a top level concept of. If C skosxl:altLabel L and L skosxl:literalForm V, then X skos:altLabel V. alternative label The property skosxl:altLabel is used to associate an skosxl:Label with a skos:Concept. The property is analogous to skos:altLabel. If C skosxl:hiddenLabel L and L skosxl:literalForm V, then C skos:hiddenLabel V. hidden label The property skosxl:hiddenLabel is used to associate an skosxl:Label with a skos:Concept. The property is analogous to skos:hiddenLabel. label relation The property skosxl:labelRelation is used for representing binary ('direct') relations between instances of the class skosxl:Label. skosxl:labelRelation is not intended to be used directly, but rather as the basis for a design pattern which can be refined for more specific labeling scenarios. If C skosxl:prefLabel L and L skosxl:literalForm V, then X skos:prefLabel V. preferred label The property skosxl:prefLabel is used to associate an skosxl:Label with a skos:Concept. The property is analogous to skos:prefLabel. for_treatment_or_medication has_substance_use has_behavior_change has_time_flag has_gender has_living_status has_marriage_status has_adverse_life_experience has_education_level has_life_experience has_race has_incarceration_history has_sex_safety_practice has_number_of_sex_partner has_sex_orientation has_age has_insurance has_financial_stress has_detail has_sex_partner has_sexual_behavior_element needs_social_support notation A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme. By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the object position of the triple. If two instances of the class skosxl:Label have the same literal form, they are not necessarily the same resource. The range of skosxl:literalForm is the class of RDF plain literals. literal form The property skosxl:literalForm is used to give the literal form of an skosxl:Label. has_number Children and adolescents (aged 5-17 years) should do at least an average of 60 minutes per day of moderateto vigorous-intensity, mostly aerobic, physical activity, across the week. Vigorous-intensity aerobic activities, as well as those that strengthen muscle and bone, should be incorporated at least 3 days a week. Adults (aged 18–64 years) and older adults (aged 65 years and older) should do at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity; or at least 75–150 minutes of vigorousintensity aerobic physical activity; or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity throughout the week, for substantial health benefits. Adults and older adults may increase moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to more than 300 minutes; or do more than 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity; or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity throughout the week for additional health benefits. Pregnant and postpartum women are strongly recommended to do at least 150 minutes of moderateintensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week for substantial health benefits. Incorporate a variety of aerobic and musclestrengthening activities. Adding gentle stretching may also be beneficial. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336656/9789240015128-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y rdf:List skos:Collection Collection A meaningful collection of concepts. Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy. skos:Concept Concept An idea or notion; a unit of thought. skos:ConceptScheme Concept Scheme A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts. Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies. A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources. skos:OrderedCollection Ordered Collection An ordered collection of concepts, where both the grouping and the ordering are meaningful. Ordered collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order, and optionally under a 'node label'. 1 Label A special class of lexical entities. Traditional_Retail_Food_Environment_Index Traditional Retail Food Environment Index UMLS CUI: C5419200 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) An index derived from the Food Environment Atlas that calculates for a county the number of fast food restaurants and convenience stores divided by the number of grocery stores and supermarkets. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5419200 Traditional Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) = (Fast Food + Limited Service Establishments + Convenience Stores) / (Grocery Stores + Super Markets) Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records Phase 2 by coll NHANES _III Social connections and social isolation: 4 questions The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records Phase 2 by coll NHIS Tobacco use and exposure: 2 questions The National Health Interview Survey AUDIT-C Alcohol use: 3 questions Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records Phase 2 by coll The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise Weak_Support Strong_Support No_Support Support_Level Social_Vulnerability_Index Social Vulnerability Index UMLS CUI: C5401019 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) An index that evaluates census tracts on 15 social factors, including unemployment, minority status, and disability, and groups them into four related themes: socioeconomic, household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing and transportation. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5401019 Social_Deprivation_Index Social Deprivation Index UMLS CUI: C5545284 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept Definitions (1) Measure of area-level measures of social deprivation based on seven demographic characteristics collected in the American Community Survey (ACS): often include percent living in poverty, percent with less than 12 years of education, percent of single parent households, percent living in rented housing unit, percent living in overcrowded housing unit, percent of households without a car, and percent of non-employed adults under the age of 65 years. Note: this is not a definition but some supporting information about what is included in a common measure. (https://www.graham-center.org/rgc/mapsdata-tools/sdi/social-deprivation index.) (MSH) PhenX_Measure-Family_Conflict PhenX measure - family conflict UMLS CUI: C3166011 Semantic Types : Finding https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3166011 PHENX http://gss.norc.org/documents/codebook/GSS_Codebook_AppendixF.pdf Occupational_Prestige_Score Occupational Prestige UMLS CUI: C0237796 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (1) The differential social worth which is ascribed to jobs or occupations. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0237796 Neighborhood_Concentrated_Disadvantage_Protocol Neighborhood_Concentrated_Disadvantage_Protocol LOINC Name R/O/C Cardinality Example UCUM Units 63036-8 PhenX - neighborhood concentrated disadvantage protocol 211301 Indent67784-9 Percent Of Individuals Below The Poverty Line % Indent67785-6 Percent Of individuals On Public Assistance % Indent67786-4 Percent Female-Headed Households % Indent67787-2 Percent Unemployed % Indent67788-0 Percent Less Than Age 18 % Indent67789-8 Percent Black % Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records Phase 2 by coll HARK Exposure to violence: Intimate partner violence: 4 questions Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick Questions https://www.fns.usda.gov/healthy-eating-index-hei The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of diet quality used to assess how well a set of foods aligns with key recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is designed for nutrition and health professionals to help individuals (ages 2 years and older) and families to consume a healthful and nutritionally adequate diet. The HEI was originally developed in 1995 as a tool to evaluate the extent to which Americans are following the dietary recommendations. In 2005, the structure of the HEI was revised and has been updated twice since 2005. The HEI-2015 is the most current version of the HEI in terms of conformance with the key recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HEI uses a scoring system to evaluate a set of foods. The scores range from 0 to 100. An ideal overall HEI score of 100 reflects that the set of foods aligns with key dietary recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The overall HEI-2015 score is made up of 13 components that reflect the different food groups and key recommendations in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. More information on these components and the HEI scoring is described on the How the HEI is Scored page. Also see the HEI Scores for Americans page for more details about the most recent scores for all Americans, as well as for specific age groups. The total HEI-2015 score for Americans[1] is 59 out of 100. This snapshot of overall diet quality indicates that average diets of Americans do not conform to dietary recommendations. American diet quality showed a slight improvement over time from 2005-2012, but a small decrease during 2013-2014; however, there is room for improvement. Each step closer to eating a diet that aligns with Dietary Guidelines recommendations can help reduce the risk of developing diet-related chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Collective action across society can help Americans make the shift from current eating patterns to those that align with the Dietary Guidelines. Everyone has a role in helping to create and support healthful eating patterns in multiple settings across the United States, including at home, school, work and in communities. To support these efforts, the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) has a broad range of resources on ChooseMyPlate.gov that aim to help Americans make eating choices that align with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. A selection of resources can be found on the Healthy Eating Index Resources page. [1] SOURCES: Data—National Center for Health Statistics, What We Eat in America/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014. Healthy Eating Index-2015, Scores—U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Healthy_Eating_Index Healthy Eating Index UMLS CUI: C4280021 Semantic Types : Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure Geographic health care access scores will be calculated using the 2SFCA method. ZIP codes will be converted to ZCTAs using the Uniform Data System Mapper ZIP code to ZCTA crosswalk. Next, an access score for each ZCTA will be calculated based on the provider to population ratio within a 30 minute drive time of each catchment. Dalton, R., Brown, J. D., & Duarte, J. D. (2021). Patients with geographic barriers to health care access are prescribed a higher proportion of drugs with pharmacogenetic testing guidelines. Clinical and translational science, 14(5), 1841–1852. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.13032 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504817/ Health_Care_Access_Score Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records Phase 2 by coll Physical activity: 2 questions: 1. On average, how many days per week do you engage in moderate to strenuous exercise (like walking fast, running, jogging, dancing, swim- ming, biking, or other activities that cause a light or heavy sweat)? 2. On average, how many minutes do you engage in exercise at this level? Grant, R. W., Schmittdiel, J. A., Neugebauer, R. S., Uratsu, C. S., & Sternfeld, B. (2014). Exercise as a vital sign: a quasi-experimental analysis of a health system intervention to collect patient-reported exercise levels. Journal of general internal medicine, 29(2), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2693-9 Excercise_Vital_Sign EPA_Air_Quality_Index EPA Air Quality Index UMLS CUI: C5419195 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) A nationally uniform color-coded index developed by EPA for reporting and forecasting daily air quality. The AQI reports the most common ambient air pollutants that are regulated under the Clean Air Act, including ozone and particle pollution. The AQI informs the public about air quality in the area, tells who may be affected, and provides steps to take to reduce exposure when pollution levels are unhealthy. (NCI) Environmental_Justice_Screening_and_Mapping_Tool Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool UMLS CUI: C5419199 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) A tool that allows users to access environmental and demographic information for locations in the United States at the census block level. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5419199 Measure_and_Index_and_Score Social_Worker_Support Friend_Support Family_Support Family support UMLS CUI: C0150232 Semantic Types : Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure Definitions (2) Promotion of family values, interests, and goals (NIC) Assisting a family member(s) in adhering to their values, interests and/or goals to promote family integrity. Service is billed in 15-minute increments. (ALT) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0150232 https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 Interpersonal_Support 91642-9 Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey panel 91653-6 LOINC LOINC Name R/O/C Cardinality Example UCUM Units 91642-9 Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey panel [MOS Social Support Survey] Indent91643-7 Emotional/informational support Indent Indent91634-6 Someone you can count on to listen to you when you need to talk Indent Indent91655-1 Someone to give you information to help you understand a situation Indent Indent91635-3 Someone to give you good advice about a crisis Indent Indent91637-9 Someone to confide in or talk to about yourself or your problems Indent Indent91638-7 Someone whose advice you really want Indent Indent91640-3 Someone to share your most private worries and fears with Indent Indent91660-1 Someone to turn to for suggestions about how to deal with a personal problem Indent Indent91662-7 Someone who understands your problems Indent Indent91647-8 Emotional/informational support score [MOS Social Support Survey] {score} Indent91644-5 Tangible support Indent Indent91652-8 Someone to help you if you were confined to bed Indent Indent91653-6 Someone to take you to the doctor if you needed it Indent Indent91658-5 Someone to prepare your meals if you were unable to do it yourself Indent Indent91639-5 Someone to help with daily chores if you were sick Indent Indent91648-6 Tangible support score [MOS Social Support Survey] {score} Indent91645-2 Affectionate support Indent Indent91636-1 Someone who shows you love and affection Indent Indent91641-1 Someone to love and make you feel wanted Indent Indent91656-9 Someone who hugs you Indent Indent91649-4 Affectionate support score [MOS Social Support Survey] {score} Indent91646-0 Positive social interaction Indent Indent91654-4 Someone to have a good time with Indent Indent91657-7 Someone to get together with for relaxation Indent Indent91661-9 Someone to do something enjoyable with Indent Indent91650-2 Positive social interaction score [MOS Social Support Survey] {score} Indent91659-3 Someone to do things with to help get your mind off things Indent91663-5 Social support index [MOS Social Support Survey] {score} Healthcare_Support Social Work (discipline) UMLS CUI: C0037441 Semantic Types : Occupation or Discipline Definitions (7) The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies. (MSH) Social work; any of various services designed to aid the poor and aged and to increase the welfare of children. (WordNet) (NCI) A community resource that helps people in need. Services may include help getting to and from medical appointments, home delivery of medication and meals, in-home nursing care, help paying medical costs not covered by insurance, loaning medical equipment, and housekeeping help. (NCI) Use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments; includes social service agencies. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037441 Food_Bank https://www.nutrition.gov/topics/food-assistance-programs Food_Assistance Food Assistance Programs UMLS CUI: C1517286 Semantic Types : Governmental or Regulatory Activity Definitions (1) Federal, state, or local programs that provide supplemental food assistance, e.g., Farmer's Market Coupon Program, Commodity Foods Program, Health Start; Women, Infant, & Children (WIC) Program. (NCI: 5 A Day Program) (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1517286 Financial_Support Federal_Assistance https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Social_Support Social support UMLS CUI: C0037438 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (5) Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance such as COMMUNITY SUPPORT is provided by churches, groups, etc. (MSH) Family members or friends who provide social, emotional, or psychological support or comfort to an individual. Consider also SUPPORT GROUPS. (PSY) Persons, groups, organizations, or institutions which provide aid to individuals in need; may have a positive or negative outcome or influence. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037438 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health Racial_Disparity Gender_Inequity PHENX https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Discrimination Discrimination UMLS CUI: C2987623 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (1) The unfair treatment of a person or group based on class or category bias. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2987623 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Social_Norms_and_Attitude Social Norms UMLS CUI: C0237750 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (6) Customary standards that govern behavior in groups, cultures, or societies. They reflect what a group deems acceptable in a social context in terms of appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. (MSH) Rules for social conduct, or standards which comprise a cultural definition of desirable or acceptable behavior. Also, patterns or traits seen as typical in the behavior of a social group. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0237750 62933-7 LOINC LOINC Name R/O/C Cardinality Example UCUM Units 62933-7 PhenX - social isolation protocol 181001 Indent66854-1 How often do you feel that you are in tune with the people around you? Indent66855-8 How often do you feel that you lack companionship? Indent66856-6 How often do you feel that there is no one you can turn to? Indent66857-4 How often do you feel alone? Indent66858-2 How often do you feel part of a group of friends? Indent66859-0 How often do you feel that you have a lot in common with the people around you? Indent66860-8 How often do you feel that you are no longer close to anyone? Indent66861-6 How often do you feel that your interests and ideas are not shared by those around you? Indent66862-4 How often do you feel outgoing and friendly? Indent66863-2 How often do you feel close to people? Indent66864-0 How often do you feel left out? Indent66865-7 How often do you feel that your relationships with others are not meaningful? Indent66866-5 How often do you feel that no one really knows you well? Indent66867-3 How often do you feel isolated from others Indent66868-1 How often do you feel you can find companionship when you want it? Indent66869-9 How often do you feel that there are people who really understand you? Indent66870-7 How often do you feel shy? Indent66871-5 How often do you feel that people are around you but not with you? Indent66872-3 How often do you feel that there are people you can talk to? Indent66949-9 How often do you feel that there are people you can turn to? https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Isolation Social isolation UMLS CUI: C0037421 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (10) The separation of individuals or groups resulting in the lack of or minimizing of social contact and/or communication. This separation may be accomplished by physical separation, by social barriers and by psychological mechanisms. In the latter, there may be interaction but no real communication.(https://www.who.int/social_determinants/knowledge_networks/final_reports/sekn_final%20report_04 2008.pdf.) (MSH) A condition in which an individual feels or is made to feel as though he or she has no place within society. This is often the case with persons who have inadequate support systems or who suffer from stigmatized disease, such as AIDS and mental illness. (NCI) State of aloneness; lack of interaction with others (CCC) Aloneness experienced by the individual and perceived as imposed by others and as a negative or threatening state. (NANDA-I) Voluntary or involuntary absence of contact with others. Used for human or animal populations. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037421 Social vulnerability refers to the potential negative effects on communities caused by external stresses on human health. Such stresses include natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. Reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/index.html#:~:text=Social%20vulnerability%20refers%20to%20the,human%20suffering%20and%20economic%20loss. PHENX Social_Vulnerability Social vulnerability UMLS CUI: C4063051 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (1) The characteristics of a person or community that affect their capacity to anticipate, confront, repair, and recover from the effects of a natural or human-caused disaster.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC71 79070/) (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4063051 Social_Justice Social Justice UMLS CUI: C0037422 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (5) An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037422 Social_Cohesion https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Social_Inclusion https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Social_Integration Social Integration UMLS CUI: C0597478 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (6) A dynamic and principled process where all members participate in dialogue to achieve and maintain peaceful social relations. It does not include coerced assimilation or forced integration. (from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/sib/peacedialogue/soc_integration.htm) (MSH) Process of uniting diverse groups (e.g., racial, ethnic, religious, or disabled) of a society or organization. (PSY) Incorporation as equals into society or an organization of individuals of different groups. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0597478 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder (e.g., presence of trash and lack of cooperation in a community) Social_Disorder Social Problems UMLS CUI: C0037431 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (6) Situations affecting a significant number of people, that are believed to be sources of difficulty or threaten the stability of the community, and that require programs of amelioration. (MSH) Situations affecting a significant number of people, that are believed to be sources of difficulty or threaten the stability of the community, and that require programs of amelioration. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037431 Grade 1 Social Circumstances - Other, Specify, CTCAE (C4685411) Definition: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated Grade 2 Social Circumstances - Other, Specify, CTCAE (C4685954) Definition: Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL Semantic Types: Finding Grade 3 Social Circumstances - Other, Specify, CTCAE (C4686513) Definition: Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated;... Semantic Types: Finding Grade 4 Social Circumstances - Other, Specify, CTCAE (C4686953) Definition: Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated Semantic Types: Finding Grade 5 Social Circumstances - Other, Specify, CTCAE (C4687332) Definition: Death Semantic Types: Finding Social_Circumstance /Structural_Conflict https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Conflict Social circumstances UMLS CUI: C0851364 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (2) A set of concepts that results from or is influenced by criteria or activities associated with the social environment of a person. [NCI] (NCI) Pertaining to the demographic and psychosocial environment in which a person lives. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0851364 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Characteristic Social Characteristics UMLS CUI: C0037401 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (1) A trait or factor of an individual that is related to the way they socialize or present themselves to others. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037401 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Environment Social Environment UMLS CUI: C0037414 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (6) The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. (MSH) Involving a combination of social and environmental factors. (CSP) O https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037414 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Deprivation Social Deprivation UMLS CUI: C0677638 Semantic Types : Human-caused Phenomenon or Process Definitions (2) Limited access to society's resources due to poverty. discrimination, or other disadvantage. Conditions based on seven demographic characteristics collected in the American Community Survey (ACS): often include percent living in poverty, percent with less than 12 years of education, percent of single parent households, percent living in rented housing unit, percent living in overcrowded housing unit, percent of households without a car, and percent of non-employed adults under the age of 65 years.(https://dictionary.apa.org/socialdeprivation). (MSH) Limited access to society's resources due to poverty, neglect, social discrimination, or other disadvantage. For a lack of social contact use SOCIAL ISOLATION. Consider also CULTURAL DEPRIVATION. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0677638 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Activity https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Violence Violence UMLS CUI: C0042693 Semantic Types : Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction Definitions (4) An act of aggression between individuals. (NCI) The exertion of excessive force or power to cause injury or abuse (NANDA-I) Rough or injurious physical force, action, or treatment. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0042693 63017-8 63018-6 95615-1 Scream or curse at you [HITS] 95616-9 Threaten you with physical harm [HITS] 95617-7 Insult you or talk down to you [HITS] 95618-5 Physically hurt you [HITS] LOINC Family_Conflict Family conflict UMLS CUI: C0233542 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (5) Struggle or disagreement between parents, parent and child or other members of a family. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0233542 63028-5 LOINC LOINC Name R/O/C Cardinality Example UCUM Units 63028-5 PhenX - neighborhood safety protocol 210901 Indent67611-4 I feel safe walking in my neighborhood, day or night. Indent67612-2 Violence is not a problem in my neighborhood. Indent67613-0 My neighborhood is safe from crime. https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Safety_Concern Work_Stress Occupational Stress UMLS CUI: C0814090 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (5) Adverse psychological and behavioral reactions caused by the pressures and demands of employers or clients or other factors, such as the physical environment of the workplace, WORKPLACE VIOLENCE; or WORKPLACE BULLYING. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0814090 Stress at work UMLS CUI: C0558919 Semantic Types : Finding https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0558919 Health_Stress Financial_Stress Financial Stress UMLS CUI: C5392146 Semantic Types : Mental Process Definitions (5) Stress arising from personal financial concerns. (https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/financial-stress). (MSH) Refers to the costs required to deal with a specific situation (e.g., disease burden). (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5392146 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Stress Stress UMLS CUI: C0038435 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (5) The response of the body to physical, mental, or emotional pressure. This may make a person feel frustrated, angry, or anxious, and may cause unhealthy chemical changes in the body. Untreated, long-term stress may lead to many types of mental and physical health problems. (NCI) The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities. (NCI) Everyone feels stressed from time to time. Not all stress is bad. All animals have a stress response, and it can be life-saving. But chronic stress can cause both physical and mental harm. There are at least three different types of stress: Routine stress related to the pressures of work, family, and other daily responsibilities Stress brought about by a sudden negative change, such as losing a job, divorce, or illness Traumatic stress, which happens when you are in danger of being seriously hurt or killed. Examples include a major accident, war, assault, or a natural disaster. This type of stress can cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Different people may feel stress in different ways. Some people experience digestive symptoms. Others may have headaches, sleeplessness, depressed mood, anger, and irritability. People under chronic stress get more frequent and severe viral infections, such as the flu or common cold. Vaccines, such as the flu shot, are less effective for them. Some people cope with stress more effectively than others. It's important to know your limits when it comes to stress, so you can avoid more serious health effects. NIH: National Institute of Mental Health (MEDLINEPLUS) Refers to the emotional, psychological, or physical effects as well as the sources of agitation, strain, tension, or pressure. Compare DISTRESS. Used for both human and animal populations. (PSY) The biological response to noxious, demanding, or unpleasant stimuli or conditions; do not confuse stress with STRESSOR, which is the stimulus. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0038435 Widowed Separated Never_Married Married Domestic_Partnership Divorced https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://www.questionpro.com/blog/demographic-survey-questions/ Marital_Status Marital Status UMLS CUI: C0024819 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (8) A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc. (MSH) A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. (NCI) The domestic partnership status of a person. EXAMPLE(S): For the U.S. Census 2000: Now Married, Widowed, Separated, Divorced, Never Married OTHER NAME(S): NOTE(S): (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0024819 Spouse_Relationship spouse UMLS CUI: C0162409 Semantic Types : Family Group Definitions (12) Married persons, i.e., husbands and wives, or partners. Domestic partners, or spousal equivalents, are two adults who have chosen to share their lives in an intimate and committed relationship, reside together, and share a mutual obligation of support for the basic necessities of life. (MSH) A person's partner in marriage. (NCI) (NCI) A person's partner in marriage. (NCI) A marriage partner; a husband or wife. (HL7V3.0) The player of the role is a marriage partner of the scoping person. (HL7V3.0) **Description:**A relationship between two people characterizing their "familial" relationship (HL7V3.0) Married persons. (PSY) Husband or wife. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0162409 Sibling_Relationship Uncle, Aunt... Extended_Family_Relationship Parent_Child_Relationship Friend_Relationship Coworker_and_Classmate_and_Roommate_Relationship Child_Parent_Relationship Interpersonal_Relation PHENX Sexual_Orientation Sexual Orientation UMLS CUI: C0205949 Semantic Types : Organism Attribute Definitions (2) The pattern of a person's emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions. (NCI) Direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes; involves feelings, and sense of identity. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0205949 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Social_Behaviour Social Behavior UMLS CUI: C0037397 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (8) Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual or group usually of the same species. (MSH) Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. [GOC:jh2, PMID:12848939, Wikipedia:Social_behavior] (GO) Behavior affecting or in response to other individuals, usually of the same species. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037397 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm https://www.himss.org/resources/social-determinants-health https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Element_Relevant_to_Social_and_Community_Context Environmental justice (EJ) is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies.Oct 22, 2020 https://www.epa.gov › learn-about-e... Learn About Environmental Justice | US EPA PHENX Environmental_Justice Environmental Justice UMLS CUI: C5445150 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (1) The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. (https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/learn-about-environmental-justice) (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5445150 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Element_Relevant_to_Socio-Environmental_Neighborhood Social Environment UMLS CUI: C0037414 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (6) The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. (MSH) Involving a combination of social and environmental factors. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037414 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Weather Weather UMLS CUI: C0043085 Semantic Types : Natural Phenomenon or Process Definitions (5) The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months. (MSH) The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0043085 https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health Water_Quality Water Quality UMLS CUI: C0597680 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (6) A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. (MSH) Levels of water quality expected to render a body of water suitable for its designated use; criteria are based on specific levels of pollutants that would make the water harmful if used for drinking, swimming, farming, fish production, or industrial processes; includes state-adopted and EPA-approved ambient standards for water bodies. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0597680 Park Playground Walkability Recreational_and_Leisure_Opportunity 1 Lives_with_Person Lives_in_Own_Home Lives_in_Nursing_Home Lives_in_Hotel Lives_in_Hospital Lives_Alone Homeless 71802-3 Answer Code Score Answer ID Patient is homeless LA18835-1 Patient lives in hospital LA18836-9 Patient lives in nursing home LA18837-7 Patient lives in hotel LA18838-5 Patient lives in own home LA18839-3 LOINC https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Living_Status Housing status UMLS CUI: C3475493 Semantic Types : Finding https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3475493 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.nap.edu/read/18951/chapter/5#47 Exposure_to_Carcinogen_and_Pathogen Environmental Exposure UMLS CUI: C0014412 Semantic Types : Injury or Poisoning Definitions (8) The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. (MSH) Exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents via the environment. (NCI) Exposure to chemical, physical or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, toxic chemicals, dust, lead, or pollution; do not confuse with DOSAGE. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0014412 Lighting Tree Bench Environment_Aesthetic PHENX https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health Air_Quality Air Quality UMLS CUI: C2371710 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (2) Characteristics of the atmosphere (outside buildings) or enclosed areas of air (inside buildings), and which may provide useful or distracting information about the world. (ICF) Characteristics of the atmosphere (outside buildings) or enclosed areas of air (inside buildings), and which may provide useful or distracting information about the world. (ICF-CY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2371710 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_(ADA)_Compliance_Construction Basic_Amenities https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Green_Space https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Recreational https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Element_Relevant_to_Physical_Environment Physical environment UMLS CUI: C0557720 Semantic Types : Spatial Concept https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0557720 Green_Space Walkability Playground Park Zip_Code_and_Geography Zip Code UMLS CUI: C1521842 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) A system designed to expedite the sorting and delivery of mail by assigning a series of numbers to each delivery area in the United States. Also used to refer to any individual delivery area code. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1521842 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Support_Healthy_Eating_Pattern_Access 66357-5 LOINC Number_of_Shops_in_Walking_Distance 63036-8 LOINC Neighborhood_Concentrated_Disadvantage Neighborhood Disadvantage UMLS CUI: C2985113 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (2) Neighborhood disadvantage refers to the lack of economic and social resources in a neighborhood and has been shown to exert a detrimental effect on health outcomes over and above individual level characteristics. (MSH) The recognition that low neighborhood socioeconomic conditions have an impact on the services and opportunities available to its residents and have a wide and long-lasting effect on their economic, social and educational development. U.S. Census data can be used to determine the concentration of poverty at the neighborhood level. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2985113 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Land_Use_Pattern PHENX https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/290501 Food_Swamp In the United States, food swamps are defined as areas with 4 or more corner stores within 0.4 km (0.25 miles) of home or where the ratio of unhealthy to healthy food establishments exceeds 3.89 (2,3) Cooksey-Stowers K, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14(11):E1366. CrossRefexternal icon PubMedexternal icon Hager ER, Cockerham A, O’Reilly N, Harrington D, Harding J, Hurley KM, et al. Food swamps and food deserts in Baltimore City, MD, USA: associations with dietary behaviours among urban adolescent girls. Public Health Nutr 2017;20(14):2598–607. CrossRefexternal icon PubMedexternal icon https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0029.htm https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Criminality PHENX Concentrated_Poverty Concentrated Poverty Index UMLS CUI: C5419196 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) Describes geospatial areas such as neighborhoods or census tracts where high poverty households are prevalent and community resources are likely to be limited. It is defined by the US census as areas where 40 percent or more of the tract population is living below the federal poverty threshold. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5419196 Home_Address School_Address Work_Site https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health PHENX Address Address UMLS CUI: C1442065 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (2) A standardized representation of the location of a person, business, building, or organization. (NCI) A standardized representation of the location of a person, business, building, or organization. (NCI) (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1442065 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Element_Relevant_to_Geographic_Location Geographic Locations UMLS CUI: C0017446 Semantic Types : Geographic Area Definitions (7) The continents and countries situated on those continents; the UNITED STATES and each of the constituent states arranged by region; CANADA and each of its provinces; AUSTRALIA and each of its states; the major bodies of water and major islands on both hemispheres; and selected major cities. (MSH) Any demarcated area of the Earth; may be determined by both natural and human boundaries. (NCI) Any demarcated area of the Earth; may be determined by both natural and human boundaries, such as a state or province. (NCI) Header term for any geographic location; for D43 grants, and R03 TW grants (Fogarty International Center awards), index specific country when possible. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0017446 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm https://www.himss.org/resources/social-determinants-health https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/ Element_Relevant_to_Neighborhood Neighborhood UMLS CUI: C0027569 Semantic Types : Geographic Area Definitions (1) A surrounding or nearby region. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0027569 Management_and_Business_and_Financial_Operation_Occupation 92257-5 LOINC Past_Year_Number_of_Visit 93680-7 LOINC Hospitalization Hospitalization UMLS CUI: C0019993 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (6) The confinement of a patient in a hospital. (MSH) The condition of being treated as a patient in a hospital. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0019993 93678-1 LOINC Emergency_Department_Visit Emergency Room Visit UMLS CUI: C5447170 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (1) The subject or patient has been admitted as an outpatient to an emergency room. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5447170 Healthcare_Visit Patient Visit UMLS CUI: C1512346 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (3) A visit by a patient or study participant to a medical professional. (NCI) A clinical encounter that encompasses planned and unplanned trial interventions, procedures, and assessments that may be performed on a subject. A visit has a start and an end, each described with a rule. [CDISC Trial Design Project] (NCI) An interaction between a patient and healthcare participant(s) for the purpose of providing patient service(s) or assessing the health status of a patient. For example, outpatient visit to multiple departments, home health support (including physical therapy), inpatient hospital stay, emergency room visit, field visit (e.g., traffic accident), office visit, occupational therapy, telephone call. (HL7V3.0) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1512346 Out_of_Pocket Out of Pocket Payment UMLS CUI: C4724250 Semantic Types : Functional Concept Definitions (1) A payment made from personal funds. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4724250 Public_Insurance National Health Insurance UMLS CUI: C0027452 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (1) A system of health insurance benefits designed to cover a national population against the costs of health care. It may be administered by the public sector, the private sector, or a combination of both. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0027452 Private_Insurance Private Health Insurance UMLS CUI: C2347682 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (1) Financial coverage provided through third party reimbursement, that is designed to minimize monetary loss associated with health care costs. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2347682 Type_of_Insurance PHENX Health_Insurance_Coverage Insurance Coverage UMLS CUI: C0376629 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (4) Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed) (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0376629 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Element_Relevant_to_Insurance Insurance UMLS CUI: C0021672 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (6) Coverage by contract whereby one part indemnifies or guarantees another against loss by a specified contingency. (MSH) A mechanism for guarding against financial aspects of risk by making payments in the form of premiums to an insurance company, which pays an agreed-upon sum to the insured in the event of loss. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0021672 Charity These sources include out-of-pocket payment, charity, private insurance, publicly provided or underwritten insurance, and federal services such as Medicare, Medicaid, public health, Indian Health Service, Bureau of Prisons, military, community health centers, and Veterans Health Administration (VHA).1,2 https://journals.lww.com/jaapa/fulltext/2015/03000/payment_source_and_provider_type_in_the_us.8.aspx#:~:text=These%20sources%20include%20out%2Dof,Veterans%20Health%20Administration%20(VHA). 1. Shi L, Singh DA. Essentials of the US Health Care System. 4th ed. Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2012. Cited Here 2. Shi L, Lebrun LA, Hung LM, et al. US primary care delivery after the Health Center Growth Initiative: comparison of health centers, hospital outpatient departments, and physicians' offices. J Ambul Care Manage. 2012;35(1):60–74. Cited Here 54899-0 LOINC Health_Care_Payment_Source Healthcare Payment Method UMLS CUI: C2348943 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (1) Methodology used to compensate a healthcare provider for care provided to a patient. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2348943 90020-9 LOINC Satisfaction_of_Treatment Treatment satisfaction UMLS CUI: C3476649 Semantic Types : Finding https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3476649 94050-2 LOINC Result_of_Healthcare 94066-8 LOINC LOINC Name R/O/C Cardinality Example UCUM Units 94066-8 Person-Centered Primary Care Measure [PCPCM] Indent94041-1 My practice makes it easy for me to get care. Indent94042-9 My practice is able to provide most of my care. Indent94043-7 In caring for me, my doctor considers all the factors that affect my health. Indent94044-5 My practice coordinates the care I get from multiple places. Indent94045-2 My doctor or practice knows me as a person. Indent94046-0 My doctor and I have been through a lot together. Indent94047-8 My doctor or practice stands up for me. Indent94048-6 The care I get takes into account knowledge of my family. Indent94049-4 The care I get in this practice is informed by knowledge of my community. Indent94050-2 Over time, my practice helps me to stay healthy. Indent94051-0 Over time, my practice helps me to meet my goals. Indent94052-8 Mean score [PCPCM] {score} Person-Centered_Primary_Care_Measure Person-Centered Primary Care Measure UMLS CUI: C5212645 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5212645 Differences in the process and quality of healthcare between two groups with equal access to care yet different social standing that cannot be explained by patient preferences, appropriateness, or clinical need. https://phenx-portal.s3.amazonaws.com/public/phenx-content/workingGrops/SDOH/outreach/04_Disparate_Health_Care_Quality.pdf measuring social standing (here: race & ethinicity) caused quality differences. PHENX Disparate_Health_Care_Quality https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Element_Relevant_to_Quality_of_Care Quality of Health Care UMLS CUI: C0034379 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (7) The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality. (MSH) The degree or grade of excellence with respect to medical services received by patients, administered by providers or programs, in terms of technical competence, need, appropriateness, acceptability, humanity and structure. (NCI) Quality of medical or mental health care. (PSY) Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program; the concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0034379 https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Transportation Access to transportation UMLS CUI: C3650743 Semantic Types : Finding https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3650743 87535-1 Answer Answer ID Financial concerns LA28316-0 Lack of insurance LA28317-8 Side effects, Please specify: LA28318-6 Transportation limitations LA28319-4 Schedule/time challenges LA28320-2 Stress LA7545-2 Lack of neighborhood resources (e.g., supermarkets, side walks) LA28321-0 Low health literacy LA28322-8 Other, Please specify: LA46-8 LOINC Maintaining_Care https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Erratic_Healthcare Access_to_Mass_Media_and_Emerging_Technologies https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health PHENX Access_to_Health_Technology PHENX https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Access_to_Health_Service Health Services Accessibility UMLS CUI: C0018748 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (8) The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others. (MSH) The ability of individuals or a population to utilize and obtain care from the health care system. (NCI) Degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system; factors influencing availability include geographic, architectural, transportational and financial considerations, among others. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0018748 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/ https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Element_Relevant_to_Health_Access Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation UMLS CUI: C0175170 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (5) The concept concerned with all aspects of the quality, accessibility, and appraisal of health care and health care delivery. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0175170 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm https://www.himss.org/resources/social-determinants-health Element_Relevant_to_Health_Care Health Care UMLS CUI: C0086388 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (2) The actions of prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions. (NCI) Heading term for medical terms other than physician specialties; for organizations and facilities, see BIOMEDICAL RESOURCE. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0086388 Hunger PHENX https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Food_Insecurity Food Insecurity UMLS CUI: C3494174 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (7) Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in safe and socially acceptable ways. (MSH) The state of being uncertain about future access to nutritionally adequate and affordable foods. (SNOMEDCT_US) Uncertain, limited, or unstable access to food that is adequate in quantity and in nutritional quality; culturally acceptable; safe and acquired in socially acceptable ways. (SNOMEDCT_US) An individual's concern about consistent access to sufficient quantities of affordable, nutritious food for an active, healthy life. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3494174 Inadequate_Calcium_Intake High_Sodium_Intake High_Fat_Intake High_Added_Sugar_Intake https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://www.four-h.purdue.edu/foods/Diet-Related%20Diseases.htm Diet Diet UMLS CUI: C0012155 Semantic Types : Food Definitions (11) Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. (MSH) The things a person eats and drinks. (NCI) The customary allowance of food and drink taken by a person or an animal from day to day, particularly one especially planned to meet specific requirements of the individual, including or excluding certain items of food; a prescribed course of eating and drinking in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes or selected with reference to a particular state of health. (NCI) If you are overweight or have obesity, losing weight can improve your health. It might also help you prevent weight-related diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers. A healthy diet is an important part of a weight-loss program. It May include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products May include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs and nuts Goes easy on saturated fats, trans fat, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars The key to losing weight is to burn more calories than you eat and drink. A diet can help you to do this through portion control. There are many different types of diets. Some, like the Mediterranean diet, describe a traditional way of eating from a specific region. Others, like the DASH eating plan or a diet to lower cholesterol, were designed for people who have certain health problems. But they may also help you to lose weight. There are also fad or crash diets that severely restrict calories or the types of food you are allowed to eat. They may sound promising, but they rarely lead to permanent weight loss. They also may not provide all of the nutrients your body needs. In addition to a diet, adding exercise into your daily life can help you to lose weight. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (MEDLINEPLUS) Food and drink regularly consumed or prescribed for a special reason. Used for human or animal populations. (PSY) Usual food and drink consumed by an individual; for indexing what is medically prescribed to treat a condition use DIET THERAPY. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0012155 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Access_to_Healthy_and_Nutritious_Option Access to Healthy Foods UMLS CUI: C5544471 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (1) Convenient availability to affordable foods that support healthy eating patterns. Access may be limited due to having a limited income or living far away from sources of healthful and affordable food. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5544471 https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Element_Relevant_to_Food Food UMLS CUI: C0016452 Semantic Types : Food Definitions (16) Substances taken in by the body to provide nourishment. (MSH) A group of materials of either plant, animal or artificial origin containing essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life. (NCI) A group of substances which are consumed by humans and animals. (NCI) A substance consumed by humans and animals for nutritional purposes. EXAMPLE(S): broccoli, donuts, pet treats (NCI) Processed or unprocessed substances obtained from animal, plant, microorganism and mining source that provide nutrients for living organisms to maintain biological processes or functions. (NCI) A substance consumed by a human or animal for nutritional purposes. EXAMPLE(S): broccoli, donuts, pet treats OTHER NAME(S): NOTE(S): (NCI) Any natural or human-made object or substance gathered, processed or manufactured to be eaten, such as raw, processed and prepared food and liquids of different consistencies, herbs and minerals (vitamin and other supplements). (ICF) Any natural or human-made object or substance gathered, processed or manufactured for consumption, such as raw, processed and prepared food and liquids of different consistencies, herbs and minerals (vitamin and other supplements). (ICF-CY) Naturally occurring, processed or manufactured entities that are primarily used as food for humans and animals. (HL7V3.0) Description:The introduction of material into a subject with the intent of providing nutrition or other dietary supplements (e.g. minerals or vitamins). (HL7V3.0) Anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0016452 82590-1 https://loinc.org/LG41767-1/ Years_of_Education Number of Years of Education UMLS CUI: C4054327 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept Definitions (2) The number of education years that a subject has competed. (NCI) The number of years of education that a person has completed. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4054327 PHENX English_Proficiency https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Language_Proficiency PHENX The Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) includes 20 items in 4 areas with 5 questions each, covering the topics of numbers, probability, statistics, and graphs. It measures basic and applied skills, such as problem solving and use of a food label. The protocol is administered via self-report questionnaire. The protocol is scored by determining total score based on categorizing scores into four levels: low, low average, high average, and high levels of numeracy as determined by score distribution in the study population. Health_Numeracy Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument UMLS CUI: C5419201 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) A tool designed to assess the degree to which an individual has the capacity to understand and apply health information conveyed with numbers, tables, graphs, probabilities, and statistics. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5419201 83338-4 LOINC Health_Discussion_Engagement 96747-1 LOINC Health_Care_Translator_Service BRIEF_Health_Literacy_Screening_Tool LOINC Name R/O/C Cardinality Example UCUM Units 95866-0 BRIEF health literacy screening tool [BRIEF] Indent95867-8 How often do you have someone help you read hospital materials? Indent95868-6 How often do you have problems learning about your medical condition because of difficulty understanding written information? Indent95869-4 How often do you have a problem understanding what is told to you about your medical condition? Indent95870-2 How confident are you filling out medical forms by yourself? Indent95871-0 Total score [BRIEF] {score} PHENX https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Element_Relevant_to_Health_Literacy Health Literacy UMLS CUI: C2362527 Semantic Types : Mental Process Definitions (9) Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. (MSH) The degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make health decisions. [After The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Title V; After What is Health Literacy? Oct 23, 2019]. See also plain language writing. (NCI) The degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make health decisions. (After The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Title V; After What is Health Literacy? Oct 23, 2019) (NCI) What is health literacy? Health literacy involves the information that people need to be able to make good decisions about health. There are two parts: Personal health literacy is about how well a person can find and understand the health information and services that they need. It is also about using the information and services to make good health decisions. Organizational health literacy is about to how well organizations help people find the health information and services that they need. It also includes helping them use that information to make good health decisions. Which factors can affect health literacy? Many different factors can affect a person's health literacy, including their Knowledge of medical words Understanding of how the health care system works Ability to communicate with health care providers Ability to find health information, which may require computer skills Reading, writing, and number skills Personal factors, such as age, income, education, language abilities, and culture Physical or mental limitations Many of the same people who are at risk for limited health literacy also have health disparities. Health disparities are health differences between different groups of people. These groups may be based on age, race, gender, or other factors. Why is health literacy important? Health literacy is important because it can affect your ability to Make good decisions about your health Get the medical care you need. This includes preventative care, which is care to prevent disease. Take your medicines correctly Manage a disease, especially a chronic disease Lead a healthy lifestyle One thing that you can do is to make sure that you communicate well with your health care providers. If you don't understand something a provider tells you, ask them to explain it to you so that you understand. You can also ask the provider to write down their instructions. (MEDLINEPLUS) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2362527 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Literacy Literacy UMLS CUI: C0023864 Semantic Types : Functional Concept Definitions (8) Ability to read and write. (MSH) The ability to read and write. (NCI) The ability to read and write (CHV) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0023864 Education_Quality Educational Quality UMLS CUI: C0870471 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0870471 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Vocational_Training Vocational Education UMLS CUI: C0042933 Semantic Types : Educational Activity Definitions (6) EDUCATION that prepares the student for a specific trade such as plumbing, masonry, and carpentry. (MSH) Formal training in or out of school, designed to teach skills and knowledge required for occupational proficiency, especially for paraprofessional, trade, or clerical occupations. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0042933 No formal education or some elementary school--did not complete. Elementary school means grades 1 through 8, or equivalent, not completed. https://dw.opm.gov/datastandards/referenceData/1435/current?index=E No_Formal_Education College Associate Bachelor's Master's PhD https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Higher_Education Higher education (finding) UMLS CUI: C0424933 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) College or university education beyond the successful completion of high school or grammar school, or the attainment of an approved equivalent. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0424933 High school means grades 9 through 12, or equivalent. https://dw.opm.gov/datastandards/referenceData/1435/current?index=E https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health High_School_Graduation Elementary school completed--no high school. Grade 8 or equivalent completed. Elementary school means grades 1 through 8, or equivalent. https://dw.opm.gov/datastandards/referenceData/1435/current?index=E BUT TO MATCH COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTRY COVERS ONLY UP TO 5TH GRADE Elementary_School_Completed 82589-3 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://loinc.org/LG41767-1/ https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Education_Level Educational Status UMLS CUI: C0013658 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (11) Educational attainment or level of education of an individual. (MSH) Highest level of education that a person has attained. (NCI) Highest education attained. (NCI) An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools. (NCI) Completion of a course of study or reaching a specific educational level. (PSY) The magnitude or quantity of training considered in relation to an arbitrary reference value. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0013658 Early_Childhood_Development https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Early_Childhood_Education Early childhood, which spans the period up to 8 years of age, is critical for cognitive, social, emotional and physical development. https://data.unicef.org/topic/early-childhood-development/overview/#:~:text=Early%20childhood%2C%20which%20spans%20the,social%2C%20emotional%20and%20physical%20development. Access_to_Education https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm https://www.himss.org/resources/social-determinants-health https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/ https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Element_Relevant_to_Education Details of education UMLS CUI: C0424927 Semantic Types : Finding Atoms (8) Filter by Vocabulary Reset Filters [x] Search Atoms Name AUI Vocabulary Term Type Code Details of education A8267123 MTH PN NOCODE Details of education A3390700 SNOMEDCT_US PT 276031006 Details of education (observable entity) A3390699 SNOMEDCT_US FN 276031006 Education A2881031 SNOMEDCT_US SY 276031006 educational background A18564271 CHV PT 0000033418 education A18582695 CHV SY 0000033418 detalles de la educación A5519606 SCTSPA PT 276031006 detalles de la educación (entidad observable) A5519605 SCTSPA FN 276031006 https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0424927 93041-2 Money & Resources 82589-3 What is the highest level of school that you have finished? 67875-5 What is your current work situation? 76437-3 What is your main insurance? 63586-2 During the past year, what was the total combined income for you and the family members you live with? This information will help us determine if you are eligible for any benefits. 93031-3 In the past year, have you or any family members you live with been unable to get any of the following when it was really needed? 93030-5 Has lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments, meetings, work, or from getting things needed for daily living 93041-2 https://loinc.org/LG41763-0/ Money_and_Resource Money and resources UMLS CUI: C5142704 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5142704 PHENX Wealth Household Wealth UMLS CUI: C5401379 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept Definitions (1) A demographic parameter indicating a family's accumulated financial assets (monetary value of all possessions, minus debt). (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5401379 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/ Socioeconomic_Status Socioeconomic Status UMLS CUI: C0086996 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (3) Characteristics of a person such as education and occupation, used to describe the person's position in stratification systems, access to services, etc. (NCI) Code specifying observations or indicators related to socio-economic status used to assess to assess for services, e.g., discharge planning, or to establish eligibility for coverage under a policy or program. (HL7V3.0) The combination of one's social class and income level. Includes socioeconomic differences between individuals or groups. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0086996 93030-5 https://loinc.org/LG41763-0/ Lack_of_Transportation_for_Daily_Living Lack of Reliable Transportation Keeps from Appointments, Meetings, Work, or Daily Living UMLS CUI: C5204661 Semantic Types : Intellectual Product Definitions (1) A question about whether an individual was unable to get to medical appointments, meetings, work, or getting things needed for daily living due to lack of reliable transportation. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5204661 PHENX https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Job_Insecurity Job Insecurity UMLS CUI: C5400931 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (1) An individual's concern about the continued existence of their job in the future. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5400931 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Housing_Instability Housing Instability UMLS CUI: C5541424 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (1) This encompasses a number of challenges, such as having trouble paying rent, living in overcrowded conditions, moving frequently, living with friends or relatives out of necessity, being unhoused, or spending the bulk of household income (>50%) on housing. (https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-health/interventions-resources/housing-instability) (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5541424 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Financial_Insecurity Debt 28372-1 https://loinc.org/LG41763-0/ Financial_Distressing https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Poverty Poverty UMLS CUI: C0032854 Semantic Types : Group Attribute Definitions (7) A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level. (MSH) A subjective and comparative term describing a lack of sufficient wealth (usually understood as capital, money, material goods, or resources especially natural resources) to live what is understood in a society as a "normal" life: for instance, to be capable of raising a healthy family, and especially educating children and participating in society. A person living in this condition of poverty is said to be poor. The meaning of "sufficient" varies widely across the different political and economic areas of the world. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0032854 PHENX Annual_Family_Income https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Element_Relevant_to_Income Income UMLS CUI: C0021162 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept Definitions (11) Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital. (MSH) A gain or recurrent benefit during a period of time, usually measured in money that derives from capital or labor. (NCI) Code specifying income indicators used to assess or establish eligibility for coverage under a policy or program; e.g., pay or pension check, child support payments received or provided, and taxes paid. (HL7V3.0) Money from wages, pensions, subsidies, interest, dividends, or other sources available for living and health care expenses. (OMS) Monetary gain (such as wages, interest, dividends, profits) received by individuals or nations within a given period for labor or services rendered or from capital resources. (PSY) Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0021162 Travel_Expense Phone_Cost Medical_Expense House/Rental Insurance Car Insurance Health Insurance Insurance_Cost including: electricity, heating, gas, water, sewer, internet Utility_Cost 67040-6 LOINC Housing_Cost Food_Cost Clothing_Cost Child_Care_Cost Element_Relevant_to_Expense Financial cost UMLS CUI: C0010186 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept Definitions (1) The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for purchasing goods, services and financial instruments. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0010186 Working_Life_Condition https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Work-Related_Challenge Veteran https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Vocational_History Veterans UMLS CUI: C0042610 Semantic Types : Population Group Definitions (7) Former members of the armed services. (MSH) Description:A person playing the role of program eligible under a program based on status as a military veteran.Discussion:This CoveredPartyRoleType.code is typically used when the CoveredPartyRole class code is either "program eligible" or "subscriber" and the persons status as a veteran meets jurisdictional or program criteria. (HL7V3.0) Person who has served in a military force, especially during a war. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0042610 employment history UMLS CUI: C1286384 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (1) Past record of an individual's working life, including periods of unemployment. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1286384 Service_Occupation Service Occupation UMLS CUI: C0402735 Semantic Types : Occupation or Discipline Definitions (1) An occupation which provides a service to others rather than creating a product. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0402735 Sales_and_Office_Occupation Management Occupations UMLS CUI: C3273539 Semantic Types : Occupation or Discipline Definitions (1) A class of professional or vocational positions of employment that involve management. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3273539 Production_and_Transportation_and_Material_Moving_Occupation Transportation and Material Moving Occupations UMLS CUI: C3273544 Semantic Types : Occupation or Discipline Definitions (1) A class of professional or vocational positions of employment that involve transportation or material moving. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3273544 Natural_Resource_and_Construction_and_Maintenance_Occupation Management_and_Professoinal_and_Related_Occupation 68505-7 http://gss.norc.org/documents/codebook/GSS_Codebook_AppendixF.pdf https://loinc.org/LG41763-0/ Occupation Occupations UMLS CUI: C0028811 Semantic Types : Occupation or Discipline Definitions (10) Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living. (MSH) The principal activity that a person does to earn money. (NCI) A code specifying the job performed by the employee for the employer. For example, accountant, programmer analyst, patient care associate, staff nurse, etc. (NCI) Conceptually broad term referring to work specialties as defined by duties and required skills. Use a more specific term if possible. (PSY) Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0028811 Unemployed Unemployment UMLS CUI: C0041674 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (7) The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation. (MSH) The state of not having a job. (NCI) Persons who currently have no employment, but are available for work and have made specific efforts to find employment. (HL7V3.0) Indication of unemployed status. (HL7V3.0) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0041674 Student student UMLS CUI: C0038492 Semantic Types : Population Group Definitions (9) Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program. (MSH) A person who is enrolled in an educational institution. (NCI) Covered party to an insurance policy has coverage through full-time or part-time attendance at a recognized educational institution as defined by a particular insurance policy. (HL7V3.0) A role played by an individual who is a student of a school, which is the scoping entity. (HL7V3.0) Persons attending school. Use a more specific term if possible. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0038492 Self-employed Retired Retirement UMLS CUI: C0035345 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (7) The state of being retired from one's position or occupation. (MSH) To stop working at one's occupation; the state of being retired. (NCI) Withdrawal from one's occupation or active working life: having concluded one's working or professional career. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0035345 Part-time_Employment Part-time employment (finding) UMLS CUI: C0682294 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (2) Employment involving less than the standard or customary working time. (NCI) Employment in which the employee is expected to work less than a standard work week (defined by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics as 35-44 hours per week) (HL7V3.0) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0682294 Homemaker homemaker UMLS CUI: C0555052 Semantic Types : Professional or Occupational Group Definitions (1) A person who manages a home as their main daily activity. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0555052 Full-time_Employment Full-time employment (finding) UMLS CUI: C0682295 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (4) Employment involving the standard or customary working time. (NCI) Employed for a standard number of hours of working time, at least 50% or 20 hours per week. (NCI) Employed for a standard number of hours of working time, at least 50% or 20 h/wk. (NCI) Employment in which the employee is expected to work at least a standard work week (defined by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics as 35-44 hours per week) (HL7V3.0) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0682295 67875-5 Can't_Find_Wanted_Job Has_A_Job Unemployed_or_No_Regular_Income https://loinc.org/LG41763-0/ https://www.questionpro.com/blog/demographic-survey-questions/ https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 Employment_Status Employment status UMLS CUI: C0242271 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (3) Terminology relevant to the state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary. (NCI) Terminology associated with the employment status codelist of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM). (NCI) Condition of employment including full- or part-time, temporary or permanent, and unemployment. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0242271 https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/ https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/1/definition Element_Relevant_to_Employment Employment UMLS CUI: C0014003 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept Definitions (8) The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary. (MSH) The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary; the occupation for which you are paid. (NCI) The state of being engaged in an activity or services for wages or salary. (NCI) Occupation that provides income. (OMS) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0014003 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm https://www.himss.org/resources/social-determinants-health Element_Relevant_to_Economic_Stability Economic Stability UMLS CUI: C0681033 Semantic Types : Quantitative Concept Definitions (1) An absence of excessive economic fluctuations which allows people the ability to access resources. (https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/sdoh/2/economic-stability/index#:~:text=Economic%20stability%20allows%20people%20the,provides%20a%20stable%2C%20living%20wage.&text=Income%2Fpoverty%20and%20financial%20resources) (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0681033 https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/health_effects/index.htm Tobacco_Use Tobacco use UMLS CUI: C0543414 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (6) Use of TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L) and TOBACCO PRODUCTS. (MSH) Use of tobacco in any form, e.g., smoking, chewing or sniffing. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0543414 Drug_Use Drug abuse UMLS CUI: C0013146 Semantic Types : Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction Definitions (4) The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed. (NCI) The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in large amounts. Drug abuse may lead to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems. (NCI) Excessive use of habit forming medications (CCC) Excessive use of drugs or chemicals with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0013146 https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm Alcohol_Use Alcohol abuse UMLS CUI: C0085762 Semantic Types : Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction Definitions (2) The use of alcoholic beverages to excess, either on individual occasions ("binge drinking") or as a regular practice. (NCI) Excessive use of distilled liquors (CCC) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0085762 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 Substance_Use Substance of abuse UMLS CUI: C0687130 Semantic Types : Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Definitions (1) Any substance, including any illegal, prescription, over-the-counter agent or any other compound, used for the purpose other than indicated or used in quantities other than directed. Substances from various drug classes can be abused, such as opioids, amphetamines, analgesics, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, hallucinogens, steroids, tobacco products and alcoholic substances. A substance of abuse may act on the central nervous system (CNS) or can have an effect in other parts of the body and can lead to physical and/or physiological dependence. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0687130 PHENX Spirituality_and_Religion_Practice Religion and Spirituality UMLS CUI: C0681164 Semantic Types : Idea or Concept Definitions (3) Used as subcategory of Mind-Body Medicine in CAM. This area deals with the non-behavioral aspects of spirituality and religion that examine their relationship to biological function or clinical conditions. It included activities such as prayer, soul retrieval, spiritual healing, Included are: Prayer, Confession, Nonlocality, Nontemporality, Consciousness studies, Spirituality constructs (Love, hope, faith, joy, etc.), Soul retrieval (see Indigenous practices), Spiritual healing, "Special" healers (see "Biofield"). (NCI) Engaging in religious or spiritual activities, organizations and practices for self-fulfilment, finding meaning, religious or spiritual value and establishing connection with a divine power, such as is involved in attending a church, temple, mosque or synagogue, praying or chanting for a religious purpose, and spiritual contemplation. (ICF) Engaging in religious or spiritual activities, organizations and practices for self-fulfilment, finding meaning, religious or spiritual value and establishing connection with a divine power, such as is involved in attending a church, temple, mosque or synagogue, praying or chanting for a religious purpose, and spiritual contemplation. (ICF-CY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0681164 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Sleep Sleep UMLS CUI: C0037313 Semantic Types : Organism Function Definitions (10) A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility. (MSH) A natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended. (NCI) General mental functions of periodic, reversible and selective physical and mental disengagement from one's immediate environment accompanied by characteristic physiological changes. (ICF) General mental functions of periodic, reversible and selective physical and mental disengagement from one's immediate environment accompanied by characteristic physiological changes. (ICF-CY) Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain. [ISBN:0192800981] (GO) Natural periodic suspension of consciousness during which the body is restored (NOC) Period of rest for the body and mind during which volition and consciousness are in partial or complete abeyance and bodily functions are partially suspended; a behavioral state marked by a characteristic immobile posture and diminished but readily reversible sensitivity to external stimuli. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037313 https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 Element_Relevant_to_Sexual_Behavior Sex Behavior UMLS CUI: C0036864 Semantic Types : Behavior Definitions (7) Sexual activities of humans. (MSH) A form of physical intimacy that can be directed to reproduction (one possible goal of sexual intercourse) and/or to enjoying the body of someone else; activities associated with sexual intercourse. (NCI) Totality of normal and abnormal, conscious and unconscious, overt and covert sensations, thoughts, feelings, and actions related to sexual organs and other erotogenic zones, including goals and techniques. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0036864 Exercise_Effect Physical_Activity https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://cdn.loinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-06-at-10.42.00-AM.png?iv=608 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health Element_Relevant_to_Physical_Activity Physical activity UMLS CUI: C0026606 Semantic Types : Daily or Recreational Activity Definitions (8) Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon. (MSH) Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, walking the dog, etc. (NCI) State or quality of body movements during daily living. (OMS) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0026606 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Element_Relevant_to_Behavior_and_Lifestyle Life Style UMLS CUI: C0023676 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (9) Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed) (MSH) A manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes. (NCI) Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or groups. (PSY) Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0023676 Male Males UMLS CUI: C0086582 Semantic Types : Organism Attribute Definitions (5) A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces sperm. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, cultural gender role distinctions, or both. (NCI) A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces sperm. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, cultural gender role distinctions, or both. (NCI) (NCI) Male (HL7V3.0) Used for all-male populations when sex is pertinent to the focus of the study. For comparison of sexes use HUMAN SEX DIFFERENCES. (PSY) Use in conjunction with a disease, disorder, dysfunction, body system, or function which is gender specific. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0086582 Intersex Female Females UMLS CUI: C0086287 Semantic Types : Organism Attribute Definitions (5) A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces ova. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, or cultural gender role distinctions, or both. (NCI) (NCI) A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces ova. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, or cultural gender role distinctions, or both. (NCI) An individual who reports belonging to the cultural gender role distinction of female. (NCI) Female (HL7V3.0) Use in conjunction with a disease, disorder, dysfunction, body system, or function which is gender specific. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0086287 PHENX Biological_Sex sex UMLS CUI: C1522384 Semantic Types : Organism Attribute Definitions (9) The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. (MSH) The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female. (NCI) Phenotypic expression of chromosomal makeup that defines a study subject as male, female, or other. Compare to gender. (NCI) The biologic character or quality that distinguishes male and female from one another as expressed by analysis of the person's gonadal, morphologic (internal and external), chromosomal, and hormonal characteristics. (NCI) Conceptually broad term referring to the structural, functional, or behavioral characteristics of males and females of a given species. Use a more specific term if possible. For comparisons of the sexes use HUMAN SEX DIFFERENCES or ANIMAL SEX DIFFERENCES. (PSY) Totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, phenotype, and genotype, differentiating the male from the female organism; do not confuse with the act of sex, which is indexed with SEX BEHAVIOR. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1522384 PHENX https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/gender Gender_Identity UMLS CUI: C0017249 Semantic Types : Mental Process Definitions (10) A person's concept of self as being male and masculine or female and feminine, or ambivalent, based in part on physical characteristics, parental responses, and psychological and social pressures. It is the internal experience of gender role. (MSH) A person's internally held sense of their gender, which may or may not correspond to the individual's genotypic or phenotypic sex. (NCI) The state of being a specific person in regard to sexuality and/or gender (NANDA-I) Acknowledgment and acceptance of own sexual identity (NOC) Inner conviction that one is male or female or inner sense of being masculine or feminine. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0017249 Agender Cisgender Non-binary_Gender Transgender Gender Gender UMLS CUI: C0079399 Semantic Types : Organism Attribute Definitions (6) Socially-constructed identity of male or female. (MSH) The assemblage of properties that distinguish people on the basis of the societal roles expected for the two sexes. (NCI) Subject self-identification re: masculine/feminine. [IOM] See also sex. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0079399 White Spanish_or_Latino_Origin Pacific_Islander Native_American Asian Black_or_African_American PHENX https://www.questionpro.com/blog/demographic-survey-questions/ Race Ethnicity UMLS CUI: C0015031 Semantic Types : Population Group Definitions (8) A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships. (MSH) A social group characterized by a distinctive social and cultural tradition that is maintained from generation to generation. Members share a common history and origin and a sense of identification with the group. They have similar and distinctive features in their lifestyle habits and shared experiences. They often have a common genetic heritage which may be reflected in their experience of health and disease. (NCI) Denotes social groups with a shared history, sense of identity, geography, and cultural roots. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0015031 Birthplace PHENX Country_of_Origin PHENX Age Demographic https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Psychosocial_Factor Psychosocial Factors UMLS CUI: C0033963 Semantic Types : Qualitative Concept https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0033963 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf Material_Deprivation https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04216.pdf https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Incarceration Imprisonment (finding) UMLS CUI: C0205255 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (1) The state of being confined to jail or prison. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0205255 https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Culture https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health Civic_Participation Social Participation UMLS CUI: C0814554 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (5) Involvement in community activities or programs. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0814554 Community_Engagement Community Participation UMLS CUI: C0009476 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (7) Involvement of members of the community in the affairs of that community. (MSH) Involvement of an individual in community activities. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0009476 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood. ACEs can include violence, abuse, and growing up in a family with mental health or substance use problems. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/aces/pdf/vs-1105-aces-H.pdf Adverse_Childhood_Experience Adverse Childhood Experiences UMLS CUI: C4296616 Semantic Types : Finding Definitions (4) Deleterious experiences in first 18 years of life. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4296616 Management_Occupation Business_and_Financial_Operation_Occupation Professional_and_Related_Occupation Computer_and_Mathematical_Occupation Architecture_and_Engineering_Occupation Life_and_Physical_and_Social_Science_Occupation Community_and_Social_Service_Occupation Legal_Occupation Education_and_Training_and_Library_Occupation Arts_and_Design_and_Entertainment_and_Sports_and_Media_Occupation Healthcare_Practitioner_and_Technical_Occupation Healthcare_Support_Occupation Protective_Service_Occupation Food_Preparation_and_Serving_Related_Occupation Building_and_Ground_Cleaning_and_Maintenance_Occupation Personal_Care_and_Service_Occupation Sales_and_Related_Occupation Office_and_Administrative_Support_Occupation Farming_and_Fishing_and_Forestry_Occupation Construction_and_Extraction_Occupation Installation_Maintenance_and_Repair_Occupation Production_Occupation Transportation_and_Material_Moving_Occupation Military_Specific_Occupation Medicare Medicare UMLS CUI: C0018717 Semantic Types : Governmental or Regulatory Activity Definitions (8) Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XVIII-Health Insurance for the Aged, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, that provides health insurance benefits to persons over the age of 65 and others eligible for Social Security benefits. It consists of two separate but coordinated programs: hospital insurance (MEDICARE PART A) and supplementary medical insurance (MEDICARE PART B). (Hospital Administration Terminology, AHA, 2d ed and A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, US House of Representatives, 1976) (MSH) A U.S. federal health insurance program for people aged 65 years or older and people with certain disabilities. Medicare pays for hospital stays, medical services, and some prescription drugs but people who receive Medicare must pay part of their healthcare costs. (NCI) The US federal health insurance program run by the Health Care Financing Administration for people 65 years of age or older, certain people with disabilities who have not reached this age, and individuals with permanent kidney failure with dialysis or a transplant. People over 65 years old, younger disabled people, and dialysis patients are eligible for the program regardless of their income. Participating beneficiaries pay part of healthcare costs through deductible amounts. Limited monthly premiums are required from beneficiaries for non-hospital coverage. (NCI) Medicare is the U.S. government's health insurance program for people age 65 or older. Some people under age 65 can qualify for Medicare, too. They include those with disabilities, permanent kidney failure, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Medicare helps with the cost of health care. It does not cover all medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care. The program has four parts: Part A is hospital insurance Part B helps pay for medical services that Part A doesn't cover Part C is called Medicare Advantage. If you have Parts A and B, you can choose this option to receive all of your health care through a provider organization, like an HMO. Part D is prescription drug coverage. It helps pay for some medicines. (MEDLINEPLUS) Government health care program for the aged administered through the Social Security Administration or the US Health Care Financing Administration. Compare MEDICAID. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0018717 Medicaid Medicaid UMLS CUI: C0025071 Semantic Types : Governmental or Regulatory Activity Definitions (8) Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons. (MSH) A joint federal and state program that provides assistance with healthcare costs to people with low income and limited resources. Medicaid is run by state and local governments within federal guidelines. Healthcare bills are paid from federal, state and local tax funds. The eligibility for the program does not depend on a person's age. Participating beneficiaries usually pay no part of costs for covered healthcare expenses except a small co-payment required in some cases. (NCI) A health insurance program for people who cannot afford regular medical care. The program is run by U.S. federal, state, and local governments. People who receive Medicaid may have to pay a small amount for the services they get. (NCI) Medicaid is government health insurance that helps many low-income people in the United States to pay their medical bills. The Federal government sets up general guidelines for the program, but each state has its own rules. Your state might require you to pay a part of the cost for some medical services. You have to meet certain requirements to get Medicaid help. These might involve Your age Whether you are pregnant, disabled, or blind Your income and resources Whether or not you are a U.S. citizen or, if not, what your immigration status is Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (MEDLINEPLUS) Government health care program for impoverished citizens administered by most local public assistance offices. Compare MEDICARE. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0025071 Children's_Health_Insurance_Program Children's Health Insurance Program UMLS CUI: C4042889 Semantic Types : Health Care Activity Definitions (4) Federal program, enacted in 1997, for the funding of children's health insurance coverage at the state level for low-income families, affording them effective protection against erosions in employer sponsored coverage. (MSH) A state-run insurance program that provides low-cost health coverage to children in families that earn too much money to qualify for Medicaid but not enough to buy private insurance. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4042889 1 1 Treatment_Adherence_and_Compliance Treatment Adherence and Compliance UMLS CUI: C4505264 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (4) Extent to which the patient follows prescribed treatment such as keeping APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULES and MEDICATION ADHERENCE for desired therapeutic outcome. It implies active responsibility shared by patient and health care providers. (MSH) Bisexuality Bisexuality UMLS CUI: C0005639 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (7) The sexual attraction or relationship between members of both the same and the opposite SEX. (MSH) A sexual attraction to members of both sexes. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0005639 Heterosexuality Heterosexuality UMLS CUI: C0019421 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (7) The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the opposite SEX. (MSH) A sexual attraction to members of the opposite sex. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0019421 Homosexuality Homosexuality UMLS CUI: C0019900 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (8) The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same SEX. (MSH) A sexual attraction to members of the same sex. (NCI) Sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same sex. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0019900 Female_Homosexuality Female Homosexuality UMLS CUI: C0242659 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (6) Sexual attraction or relationship between females. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0242659 Male_Homosexuality Male Homosexuality UMLS CUI: C0242658 Semantic Types : Behavior Definitions (6) Sexual attraction or relationship between males. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0242658 Transsexualism Transsexualism UMLS CUI: C0040765 Semantic Types : Organism Attribute Definitions (6) Expression of a GENDER IDENTITY inconsistent with, or not culturally-associated with the gender assigned to an individual at birth, combined with the desire to permanently transition to the gender with which they identify. (MSH) The urge to belong to the opposite sex that may include surgical procedures to modify the sex organs in order to appear as the opposite sex. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0040765 Sex_Safety_Practice Condomless_Sex Condomless Sex UMLS CUI: C5392979 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5392979 1 Safe_Sex Safe Sex UMLS CUI: C0597728 Semantic Types : Social Behavior Definitions (6) Sexual behavior that prevents or reduces the spread of SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES or PREGNANCY. (MSH) Sexual Behavior or practices which reduce one's risk of pregnancy or transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0597728 Exercise_Equipment Exercise_Program Sex_Frequency Number of sexual activity per month Frequency of sex UMLS CUI: C0556459 Semantic Types : Finding https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0556459 Number_of_Sexual_Partner Number of Sexual Partners in the past year Insufficient_Activity Adherence MeSH Smoking Smoking UMLS CUI: C0037369 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (9) Willful or deliberate act of inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from burning substances or agents held by hand. (MSH) The act of puffing and/or inhaling the combustion products of a substance so as to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. (NCI) What are the health effects of smoking? There's no way around it; smoking is bad for your health. It harms nearly every organ of the body, some that you would not expect. Cigarette smoking causes nearly one in five deaths in the United States. It can also cause many other cancers and health problems. These include Cancers, including lung and oral cancers Lung diseases, such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Damage to and thickening of blood vessels, which causes high blood pressure Blood clots and stroke Vision problems, such as cataracts and macular degeneration (AMD) Women who smoke while pregnant have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems. Their babies are also at higher risk of dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Smoking also causes addiction to nicotine, a stimulant drug that is in tobacco. Nicotine addiction makes it much harder for people to quit smoking. What are the health risks of secondhand smoke? Your smoke is also bad for other people - they breathe in your smoke secondhand and can get many of the same problems as smokers do. This includes heart disease and lung cancer. Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of ear infections, colds, pneumonia, bronchitis, and more severe asthma. Mothers who breathe secondhand smoke while pregnant are more likely to have preterm labor and babies with low birth weight. Are other forms of tobacco also dangerous? Besides cigarettes, there are several other forms of tobacco. Some people smoke tobacco in cigars and water pipes (hookahs). These forms of tobacco also contain harmful chemicals and nicotine. Some cigars contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes. E-cigarettes often look like cigarettes, but they work differently. They are battery-operated smoking devices. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. Not much is known about the health risks of using them. We do know they contain nicotine, the same addictive substance in tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes also expose non-smokers to secondhand aerosols (rather than secondhand smoke), which contain harmful chemicals. Smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, is also bad for your health. Smokeless tobacco can cause certain cancers, including oral cancer. It also increases your risk of getting heart disease, gum disease, and oral lesions. Why should I quit? Remember, there is no safe level of tobacco use. Smoking even just one cigarette per day over a lifetime can cause smoking-related cancers and premature death. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of health problems. The earlier you quit, the greater the benefit. Some immediate benefits of quitting include Lower heart rate and blood pressure Less carbon monoxide in the blood (carbon monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen) Better circulation Less coughing and wheezing NIH National Cancer Institute (MEDLINEPLUS) To inhale and exhale the smoke produced by the combustion of a substance. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0037369 MeSH Pipe_Smoking Pipe Smoking UMLS CUI: C4316784 Semantic Types : Daily or Recreational Activity Definitions (4) SMOKING by use of a narrow conveying tube which feeds from an open cavity where smoked product is loaded and burned. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4316784 MeSH Non-Tobacco_Products_Smoking Smoking, Non-Tobacco Products UMLS CUI: C4505134 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (5) SMOKING of non-TOBACCO (or NICOTINE-containing) substances. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4505134 MeSH Tobacco_Smoking Tobacco smoking behavior UMLS CUI: C0453996 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (5) The process of SMOKING specific to TOBACCO. (MSH) The act of puffing and/or inhaling smoke from a lit cigarette, cigar, or pipe. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0453996 MeSH Vaping Vaping UMLS CUI: C4083280 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (6) Inhaling of vapors produced by ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS such as E-CIGARETTES. (MSH) Inhaling the vapor produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device. (NCI) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4083280 Behavior_Change Behavioral change UMLS CUI: C0542299 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (2) An abnormality of mental functioning including various affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities. [HPO:probinson] (HPO) Detectable changes in behavior due to psychotherapeutic, behavioral, or other intervention, or spontaneous occurrence. (PSY) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0542299 MeSH Cocaine_Smoking Cocaine Smoking UMLS CUI: C4505197 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (5) SMOKING of COCAINE. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4505197 MeSH Marijuana_Smoking Marijuana Smoking UMLS CUI: C0024810 Semantic Types : Individual Behavior Definitions (6) Inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from CANNABIS. (MSH) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0024810 Multi-racial Element_Relevant_to_Treatment_and_Medication Lives_with_Friend Lives_with_Family Lives_with_Child Lives_with_Son Lives_with_Daughter Lives_with_Sibling Lives_with_Brother Lives_with_Sister Lives_with_Spouse Time_Flag Future Current Past Behavior_Growth Behavior_Reduction Behavior_Cessation Person Lives_with_Parent Lives_with_Mother Lives_with_Father Adverse_Life_Experience Sufficient_Activity Modifier Ethnicity Non-hispanic Hispanic Patient On_Disability Lives_in_Apartment/Dormitory Location_Born Location_Raised grade 6 to 8 Middle_School_Completed Frequent Infrequent No_Physical_Activity College_Completed Associate_Degree Bachelor's_Degree Master's_Degree PhD_Degree Imported_Ontology_Element TEO Subject_Measure Bag Pack Glass Bottle Dozen Box Gram Kilogram Ounce Milliliter Liter Occupacy_of_Time None_of_the_Time A_Little_of_the_Time Some_of_the_Time Most_of_the_Time All_of_the_Time Almost_Everyday Everyday At_Least_Once_A_Week More_Than_Once_A_Week A_Few_Times_A_Month 1_to_3_Times_Per_Month A_Few_Times_A_Year Less_Than_Once_A_Year None Never Almost_Never Many_Times_A_Day Most_Days Some_Days Once_in_A_While Once_A_Week Less_Than_Once_Per_Month Sex_Partner Sexual Partners UMLS CUI: C0036911 Semantic Types : Population Group Definitions (7) Married or single individuals who share sexual relations. (MSH) A person with whom one has had sexual relations. (NCI) The individual with whom one is having sex. (CSP) https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0036911 Men_Who_Have_Sex_with_Men Men who have Sex with Men UMLS CUI: C2827413 Semantic Types : Population Group Definitions (1) Men who engage in sexual activity with other men, regardless of how they identify themselves. (NCI) 8.0 Person_at_Early_Childhood 1 Person_Needs_Financial_Support TEO:TEO_0000025 TEO:TEO_0000032 TEO:TEO_0000051 TEO:TEO_0000162 TEO:Time good_adherence poor_adherence Pt1 frequency present now ago smoking_313 alcohol_316 last_year behavior_cessation_318 30_years childcare_worker female lives_alone GED parental_neglect divorced smoking_343 divorce 2019 male black past condomless_sex 3 past_year male_homosexual 34.0 34_years_old current history sex_partner_437 homeless health_insurance 3.0 3_years_old 6.0 6_years_old unemployed Intensity_and_Degree High Dave Beckett Nikki Rogers Participants in W3C's Semantic Web Deployment Working Group. Alistair Miles Sean Bechhofer An RDF vocabulary for describing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes embedded in glossaries and terminologies. SKOS Vocabulary Participants in W3C's Semantic Web Deployment Working Group. Alistair Miles Sean Bechhofer An RDF vocabulary extending SKOS and allowing the description and linking of lexical entities. SKOS XL Vocabulary Meng Zhang Xinyue Hu Cui Tao Fang Li Yifang Dang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ cui.tao@uth.tmc.edu