2021-02-23 List of names compiled manually primarily from the index pages of 'Introduction to Mineralogy' by Nesse (2000) (see https://www.worldcat.org/title/introduction-to-mineralogy/oclc/39961846) with supporting information via mindat.org. All newly added minerals are designated by the triple --- dcterms:contributor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610 The semantic web for Earth and environmental terminology (SWEET) is an investigation in improving discovery and use of Earth science data, through software understanding of the semantics of web resources. SWEET is a collection of ontologies conceptualizing a knowledge space for Earth system science, represented using the web ontology language (OWL). It includes both orthogonal concepts (space, time, Earth realms, physical quantities, etc.) and integrative science knowledge concepts (phenomena, events, etc.). The ontology is modularized into 224 component files in this version, each representing a different namespace, with numerous dependencies implemented by OWL imports between the namespace. Component factoring may change in future versions. The original version was developed by Robert Raskin at JPL (see Raskin and Pan, 2005: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.12.004). Stewardship has been taken over by the Earth Science Information Partners Federation (ESIPFed), managed through a GitHub repository at https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet. See https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md for information about providing comments or contributing to development of SWEET. SWEET Ontology SWEET Ontology Human SWEET Ontology Human Agriculture SWEET Ontology Human Commerce SWEET Ontology Human Decision SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Assessment SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Conservation SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Control SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Standards SWEET Ontology Human Jurisdiction SWEET Ontology Human Knowledge Domain SWEET Ontology Human Research SWEET Ontology Human Technology Readiness SWEET Ontology Human Transportation SWEET Ontology Material Aerosol SWEET Ontology Material Animal SWEET Ontology Material Biomass SWEET Ontology Material Compound SWEET Ontology Material Element SWEET Ontology Material Elemental Molecule SWEET Ontology Material Energy SWEET Ontology Material Equipment SWEET Ontology Material Facility SWEET Ontology Material Industrial SWEET Ontology Material Instrument SWEET Ontology Material Ion SWEET Ontology Material Isotope SWEET Ontology Material Microbiota SWEET Ontology Material Mineral SWEET Ontology Material Natural Resource SWEET Ontology Material Organic Compound SWEET Ontology Material Particle SWEET Ontology Material Plant SWEET Ontology Material Rock SWEET Ontology Material Rock Igneous SWEET Ontology Material Sediment SWEET Ontology Material Water SWEET Ontology Materials SWEET Ontology Phenomena SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Cloud SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Fog SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Front SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Lightning SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Precipitation SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Pressure SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Transport SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Wind SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Wind Mesoscale SWEET Ontology Phenomena Biology SWEET Ontology Phenomena Cryosphere SWEET Ontology Phenomena Cycle SWEET Ontology Phenomena Cycle Material SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ecology SWEET Ontology Phenomena ElectroMagnetic SWEET Ontology Phenomena Energy SWEET Ontology Phenomena Environmental Impact SWEET Ontology Phenomena Fluid Dynamics SWEET Ontology Phenomena Fluid Instability SWEET Ontology Phenomena Fluid Transport SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Fault SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Geomorphology SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Seismicity SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Tectonic SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Volcano SWEET Ontology Phenomena Heliosphere SWEET Ontology Phenomena Hydrosphere SWEET Ontology Phenomena Mixing SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ocean SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ocean Coastal SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ocean Dynamics SWEET Ontology Phenomena Planetary Climate SWEET Ontology Phenomena Reaction SWEET Ontology Phenomena Solid SWEET Ontology Phenomena Star SWEET Ontology Phenomena System SWEET Ontology Phenomena System Complexity SWEET Ontology Phenomena Wave SWEET Ontology Phenomena Wave Noise SWEET Ontology Process SWEET Ontology Process Chemical SWEET Ontology Process Physical SWEET Ontology Process State Change SWEET Ontology Process Wave SWEET Ontology Property SWEET Ontology Property Binary SWEET Ontology Property Capacity SWEET Ontology Property Categorical SWEET Ontology Property Charge SWEET Ontology Property Chemical SWEET Ontology Property Conductivity SWEET Ontology Property Count SWEET Ontology Property Difference SWEET Ontology Property Diffusivity SWEET Ontology Property Dimensionless Ratio SWEET Ontology Property Energy SWEET Ontology Property Energy Flux SWEET Ontology Property Fraction SWEET Ontology Property Function SWEET Ontology Property Index SWEET Ontology Property Mass SWEET Ontology Property Mass Flux SWEET Ontology Property Ordinal SWEET Ontology Property Pressure SWEET Ontology Property Quantity SWEET Ontology Property Rotation SWEET Ontology Property Space SWEET Ontology Property Space Direction SWEET Ontology Property Space Distance SWEET Ontology Property Space Height SWEET Ontology Property Space Location SWEET Ontology Property Space Multidimensional SWEET Ontology Property Space Thickness SWEET Ontology Property Speed SWEET Ontology Property Temperature SWEET Ontology Property Temperature Gradient SWEET Ontology Property Time SWEET Ontology Property Time Frequency SWEET Ontology Realm SWEET Ontology Realm Astrophysical SWEET Ontology Realm Astrophysical Body SWEET Ontology Realm Astrophysical Heliosphere SWEET Ontology Realm Atmospheric SWEET Ontology Realm Atmospheric Boundary Layer SWEET Ontology Realm Atmospheric Weather SWEET Ontology Realm Biologic Biome SWEET Ontology Realm Climate Zone SWEET Ontology Realm Cryosphere SWEET Ontology Realm Earth Reference SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Basin SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Constituent SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Continental SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Orogen SWEET Ontology Realm Hydrosphere SWEET Ontology Realm Hydrosphere Body SWEET Ontology Realm Land Aeolian SWEET Ontology Realm Land Coastal SWEET Ontology Realm Land Fluvial SWEET Ontology Realm Land Glacial SWEET Ontology Realm Land Orographic SWEET Ontology Realm Land Protected SWEET Ontology Realm Land Tectonic SWEET Ontology Realm Land Volcanic SWEET Ontology Realm Landform SWEET Ontology Realm Ocean SWEET Ontology Realm Ocean Feature SWEET Ontology Realm Ocean Floor SWEET Ontology Realm Region SWEET Ontology Realm Soil SWEET Ontology Relationships SWEET Ontology Relationships Chemical SWEET Ontology Relationships Climate SWEET Ontology Relationships Human SWEET Ontology Relationships Mathematical SWEET Ontology Relationships Physical SWEET Ontology Relationships Provenance SWEET Ontology Relationships Scientific SWEET Ontology Relationships Space SWEET Ontology Relationships Time SWEET Ontology Representation SWEET Ontology Representation Data Format SWEET Ontology Representation Data Model SWEET Ontology Representation Data Product SWEET Ontology Representation Data Servcie Analysis SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service Geospatial SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service Reduction SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service Validation SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Function SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Function Orthogonal SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Graph SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Operation SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Solution SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Statistics SWEET Ontology Representation Representation Scientific Methodology SWEET Ontology Representation Science Provenance SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Component SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Function SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Law SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Model SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Units SWEET Ontology Representation Space SWEET Ontology Representation Space Coordinate SWEET Ontology Representation Space Direction SWEET Ontology Representation Space Geometry SWEET Ontology Representation Space Geometry 3D SWEET Ontology Representation Space Reference System SWEET Ontology Representation Time SWEET Ontology Representation Time Day SWEET Ontology Representation Time Season SWEET Ontology State SWEET Ontology State Biological SWEET Ontology State Chemical SWEET Ontology State Data Processing SWEET Ontology State Energy Flux SWEET Ontology State Fluid SWEET Ontology State Ordinal SWEET Ontology State Physical SWEET Ontology State Realm SWEET Ontology State Role SWEET Ontology State Role Biological SWEET Ontology State Role Chemical SWEET Ontology State Role Geographic SWEET Ontology State Role Impact SWEET Ontology State Role Representative SWEET Ontology State Role Trust SWEET Ontology State Solid SWEET Ontology State Space SWEET Ontology State Space Configuration SWEET Ontology State Space Scale SWEET Ontology State Spectral Band SWEET Ontology State Spectral Line SWEET Ontology State Storm SWEET Ontology State System SWEET Ontology State Thermodynamic SWEET Ontology State Time SWEET Ontology State Time Cycle SWEET Ontology State Time Frequency SWEET Ontology State Time Geologic SWEET Ontology State Visibility 3.6.0 contains has phenomena has process has property has realm has role has state part of atomic mass atomic weight has chemical has chemical process has chemical reaction has chemical role has chemical 1 has chemical 2 has chemical 3 has chemical 4 has chemical 5 has chemical 6 has material has medium has primary substance has reaction product has substance has average annual precipitation has average annual temperature has average coldest month temperature has average dry season precipitation has average i t c z dominance duration has average monthly precipitation has average monthly temperature has average snow cover duration has average warmest month temperature has average winter duration has climate zone has climate zone type has dry season has warmest month temperature has wet season has attribute has decision maker has human activity has jurisdiction has land use has objective produces readiness of study of success in approximates average over based on coordinate 1 coordinate 2 coordinate 3 coordinate 4 derivative with respect to deviation from divided by each element has type equals estimate of fuzzy greater than fuzzy less than greater than greater than or equal has arc has average has basis function has condition has constant has coordinates has edge has exponent has field has first operand has function has gradient has input has interval has maximum has minimum has operand has ordered pair has ordered vertex pair has output has representation has scale has second operand has statistical distribution has test has third operand has threshold has unordered pair has unordered vertex pair has vertex has weighted edge inequality is derivative of isomorphic less than less than or equal maximum of minimum of minus ordinal relation plus product of projection relation representation of set exclusion set relation subset of superset of times with respect to colder than dtdh dtds faster than from has astronomical body has conserved quantity has constant quantity has energy flux has energy product has energy source has oscillation direction has oscillation field has planetary structure has restoring force has spectral band has speed has state change has temperature range has transport has visibility more visible than revolves around slower than stronger than to transport of warmer than weaker than bgcolor conclusion fill value genesis of had process has conclusion has data model has data service has genesis has inference rule has processing level has rule has source has variable mapping reduction in transparent used was controlled by was derived from was encoded by was generated at was generated by was operated by was performed at was performed by was triggered by caused by causes component of contains material decline declining decrease decrease in decreasing drop dropping due to fall falling greater role than has base unit has basin has cause has component has default unit has effect has geologic province has geomorphological type has impact has impact on has interval has lower quantity has prefix has quantity has rock has source has species has unit has upper quantity has vector impacted by impacts increase increase in increasing kills measure of measured by measures more active than more extensive than raise range of reduce reducing reduction related to rise rising spawn above across adjacent to below cluster of diameter east exterior farther than greater vertical extent than has area has average depth has axis has boundary has center has common2 d border with has depth has direction has geometrical object has greater vertical extent than has height has latitude band has latitude line has length has location has lower boundary has maximum depth has normal has outer boundary has reference depth has reference height has spatial configuration has spatial distribution has spatial extent has spatial projection has spatial scale has upper boundary has vertices has volume has wavelength in nh in sh inside interior is adjacent to larger scale than larger than near nonoverlapping north opposite to originates from orthogonal to outside overlapping overlaps perpendicular to radius semi major axis semi minor axis separated from south spatial relation spatial subset spatial superset surrounded by under upper part of west beginning end end of half life has average duration has beginning has duration has end has end time has frequency has nh time has period has sh time has start has start time has temporal reference has time has time reference less frequent than more frequent than older than start start of temporal part of younger than atomic number has atoms has base neutrons has neutrons has protons has trl has base has degree has error has integer value has lower bound has order has scaling number has shifting number has tolerance has upper bound has weight lower bound to the power tolerance upper bound has charge has magnitude has numeric value has symbol has trophic level datum eccentricity flattening oblateness day of year sohu:Behavior behavior sohu:Census census sohu:CivilDisturbance civil disturbance sohu:Colonization colonization sohu:ConsumptiveUse consumptive use sohu:EnergyEndUse energy end use sohu:HumanActivity human activity sohu:HumanCapital human capital sohu:HumanNeed human need sohu:Manned manned sohu:Mapping mapping sohu:Profession profession sohu:PsychologicalParameter psychological parameter sohu:Recreation recreation sohu:Service service sohu:SocialActivity social activity sohu:SocialBehavior social behavior sohu:SpaceCooling space cooling sohu:SpaceHeating space heating sohu:Unmanned unmanned sohu:WaterHeating water heating sohu:Work work sohua:Agriculture sohua:AnimalProduction animal production sohua:Apiculture apiculture sohua:Aquaculture aquaculture sohua:Beekeeping beekeeping sohua:Breeding breeding sohua:CropProduction crop production sohua:Cultivation cultivation sohua:DripIrrigation drip irrigation sohua:FishProduction fish production sohua:Fishing fishing sohua:Harvesting harvesting sohua:Horticulture Horticulture is the art and science of the cultivation of plants horticulture sohua:Irrigation irrigation sohua:Logging logging sohua:Overfishing overfishing sohua:PlantProduction plant production sohua:Sericulture sericulture sohua:ShellfishProduction shellfish production sohua:SoilCultivation soil cultivation sohuc:Assembly assembly sohuc:CapacityBuiiding capacity buiiding sohuc:ClearCutting clear cutting sohuc:Construction construction sohuc:ConsumptiveUse consumptive use sohuc:Demand demand sohuc:Development development sohuc:Dig dig sohuc:Drill drill sohuc:EngineeringActivity engineering activity sohuc:Exploration exploration sohuc:Extraction extraction sohuc:Forestry forestry sohuc:FossilFuelBurning fossil fuel burning sohuc:Grading grading sohuc:InSitu in situ sohuc:Industrialization industrialization sohuc:LandUse land use sohuc:Manafacturing manafacturing sohuc:Management management sohuc:ManagementSystem management system sohuc:Mining mining sohuc:OnSite on site sohuc:Packaging packaging sohuc:Processing processing sohuc:Production production sohuc:Productivity productivity sohuc:Prospecting prospecting sohuc:ResourceExtraction resource extraction sohuc:StripMining strip mining sohuc:SustainableDevelopment sustainable development sohuc:Urbanization urbanization sohud:Allocation allocation sohud:Attribute attribute sohud:BeliefNetwork belief network sohud:Choice choice sohud:ConsumerBehavior consumer behavior sohud:ControlStrategy control strategy sohud:Criteria criteria sohud:DSS dss sohud:Decision decision sohud:DecisionActivity decision activity sohud:DecisionMaker decision maker sohud:DecisionSupportSystem decision support system sohud:DecisionTree decision tree sohud:EnvironmentalControlObjective environmental control objective sohud:Evaluation evaluation sohud:GroupConsensus group consensus sohud:LocationAllocation Spatial allocation is primarily concerned with designating what kinds of activities can or will be done where on the landscape. Land-use zoning is a typical example of a spatial allocation problem in which the landscape is divided up into a set of multiple alternative uses such as industrial, commercial, residential, etc. Allocation to a particular use usually depends on intrinsic properties of the individual parcels as well as adjacency constraints. location allocation sohud:Multiattribute multiattribute sohud:Multiobjective multiobjective sohud:MultipleDecisionMaker multiple decision maker sohud:Objective objective sohud:Optimization optimization sohud:Optimize optimize sohud:Preference preference sohud:Ranking ranking sohud:ResourceAllocation Resource allocation has two meanings. One meaning refers to allocating a resource such as forest land to two or more designated uses. For example, forest land units could be allocated to timber production, recreation, etc. The second meaning is in the sense of allocating management resources. This second meaning is concerned with allocating time, materials, personnel, budget to landscape elements to accomplish management objectives such as protection, restoration, timber production, etc. resource allocation sohud:Scenario scenario sohud:Screening screening sohud:SolutionStrategy solution strategy sohud:Valuation valuation sohud:Weighting weighting sohuea:CEMS cems sohuea:CarbonNeutral carbon neutral sohuea:CarbonNeutrality carbon neutrality sohuea:ContinousEmissionMonitoringSystem continous emission monitoring system sohuea:CostBenefitAnalysis cost benefit analysis sohuea:EmissionInventory emission inventory sohuea:EnvironmentalAssessment environmental assessment sohuea:EnvironmentalImpactStatement environmental impact statement sohuea:EnvironmentalMonitoring environmental monitoring sohuea:HRA hra sohuea:HealthRiskAssessment health risk assessment sohuea:ImpactAssessment impact assessment sohuea:NOAEL noael sohuea:NOEL noel sohuea:NSR nsr sohuea:NationalToxicsInventory national toxics inventory sohuea:NaturalCapital natural capital sohuea:NewSourceReview new source review sohuea:NoObservedAdverseEffectLevel no observed adverse effect level sohuea:NoObservedEffectLevel no observed effect level sohuea:StatusAssessment status assessment sohuea:SuitabilityAssessment suitability assessment sohuea:URF urf sohuea:UnitRiskFactor unit risk factor sohuecons:Conservation conservation sohuecons:HabitatManagement habitat management sohuecons:LandManagement land management sohuecons:LandPreservation land preservation sohuecons:LandTenure land tenure sohuecons:Protection protection sohuecons:Stewardship stewardship sohuecons:Sustainability sustainability sohuecons:Sustainable sustainable sohueccont:Abatement abatement sohueccont:Afforestation afforestation sohueccont:AirTreatmentProcess air treatment process sohueccont:BACT bact sohueccont:BestAvailablControlTechnology best availabl control technology sohueccont:Biosequestration biosequestration sohueccont:CapAndTrade cap and trade sohueccont:CarbonOffset carbon offset sohueccont:CarbonSequestration carbon sequestration sohueccont:CloudSeeding cloud seeding sohueccont:Compliance compliance sohueccont:ControlledBurn controlled burn sohueccont:Distillation distillation sohueccont:DryScrubbing dry scrubbing sohueccont:EnvironmentalControlStrategy environmental control strategy sohueccont:Flocculation flocculation sohueccont:MACT mact sohueccont:MaximumAchievableControlTechnology maximum achievable control technology sohueccont:Pretreatment pretreatment sohueccont:PrimaryTreatment In wastewater treatment, a combination of step processes, usually physical in nature, that are designed to remove floating and settleable solids. Examples of process steps are screening and sedimentation. primary treatment sohueccont:Reclamation reclamation sohueccont:Reforestation reforestation sohueccont:Remediation remediation sohueccont:Restoration restoration sohueccont:Revegetation revegetation sohueccont:Scrubbing scrubbing sohueccont:SecondaryTreatment In wastewater treatment, a combination of step processes, usually biochemical in nature, that are designed to remove primarily organic material. Examples of process steps are aeration and trickling filters. secondary treatment sohueccont:Sequester sequester sohueccont:StateImplementationPlan state implementation plan sohueccont:TertiaryTreatment Post-secondary treatment of wastewater designed to improve the quality of the water to the point where it can be put to a particular beneficial use. Generally, tertiary treatment steps remove nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) which are poorly removed by secondary treatment. Commonly used steps include coagulation and clarification. tertiary treatment sohueccont:Treatment treatment sohueccont:WastewaterTreatment wastewater treatment sohueccont:WaterManagement water management sohueccont:WaterTreatmentProcess water treatment process sohueccont:WellInjection The subsurface emplacement of ‘fluids’ through a bored, drilled, or driven ‘well’, or through a dug well, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension. well injection sohueccont:WetScrubbing wet scrubbing sohues:AAQS aaqs sohues:ADI adi sohues:ATCM atcm sohues:AcceptableDailyIntake acceptable daily intake sohues:AcceptableLevel acceptable level sohues:AirQualityStandard air quality standard sohues:AirborneToxicControlMeasure airborne toxic control measure sohues:AmbientAirQualityStandard ambient air quality standard sohues:EnvironmentalLaw environmental law sohues:EnvironmentalStandard environmental standard sohues:EnvironmentalStandardsBody environmental standards body sohues:NSPS nsps sohues:NationalAmbientAirQualityStandard national ambient air quality standard sohues:NewSourcePerformanceStandard new source performance standard sohues:NonAttainmentArea non attainment area sohues:REC rec sohues:REL rel sohues:ReferenceDose reference dose sohues:ReferenceExposureConcentration reference exposure concentration sohues:ReferenceExposureLevel reference exposure level sohues:RfD rfd sohues:WaterQualityStandard water quality standard sohuj:AdministrativeRegion administrative region sohuj:CSA csa sohuj:City city sohuj:Civil civil sohuj:Civilian civilian sohuj:CombinedStatisticalArea combined statistical area sohuj:Continent continent sohuj:Country country sohuj:County county sohuj:Enforcement enforcement sohuj:Federal federal sohuj:FederalGoverningBody federal governing body sohuj:GoverningBody governing body sohuj:GoverningBodyProduct governing body product sohuj:Government government sohuj:GovtActivity govt activity sohuj:HumanLaw human law sohuj:Jurisdiction jurisdiction sohuj:MSA msa sohuj:MetropolitanArea metropolitan area sohuj:MetropolitanStatisticalArea metropolitan statistical area sohuj:Military military sohuj:Penalty penalty sohuj:Permit permit sohuj:Policy policy sohuj:Province province sohuj:Regulation regulation sohuj:SAR sar sohuj:SMSA smsa sohuj:SpecialAdministrationRegion special administration region sohuj:Standard standard sohuj:StandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea standard metropolitan statistical area sohuj:StandardsBody standards body sohuj:State state sohuj:Treaty treaty sohuj:UrbanArea An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. This term is at one end of the spectrum of suburban and rural areas. An urban area is more frequently called a city or town. urban area sohukd:Anatomy anatomy sohukd:AtmosphericScience atmospheric science sohukd:BehavioralScience behavioral science sohukd:Biochemistry biochemistry sohukd:Biogeochemistry biogeochemistry sohukd:Biology biology sohukd:Chemistry chemistry sohukd:Climatology climatology sohukd:Dynamics dynamics sohukd:Ecology ecology sohukd:Economics economics sohukd:Epidemiology epidemiology sohukd:Genetics genetics sohukd:Geochemistry geochemistry sohukd:Geodesy Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of a planet, including its gravity field, in a three-dimensional time varying space. Besides the gravity field, geodesists study also geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they design global and national Control networks, using Space and terrestrial techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems geodesy sohukd:GeodeticScience geodetic science sohukd:Geodetics geodetics sohukd:Geology geology sohukd:Geophysics Geophysics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. The theories and techniques of geophysics are employed extensively in the planetary sciences in general. geophysics sohukd:HumanDimension human dimension sohukd:Hydrology hydrology sohukd:KnowledgeDomain knowledge domain sohukd:LandscapeEcology landscape ecology sohukd:Limnology limnology sohukd:Lithology lithology sohukd:MarineScience marine science sohukd:Mechanics Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their environment. mechanics sohukd:Meteorology meteorology sohukd:Mineralogy mineralogy sohukd:Neotectonics Neotectonics is a subdiscipline of tectonics. It is the study of the motions and deformations of the Earth's crust (geological and geomorphological processes) which are current or recent in geologic time.[1] The term may also refer to the motions/deformations in question themselves. The corresponding time frame is referred to as the neotectonic period. neotectonics sohukd:NutritionScience nutrition science sohukd:Oceanography oceanography sohukd:Oceanology oceanology sohukd:Paleoclimatology paleoclimatology sohukd:Paleontology paleontology sohukd:Petrography petrography sohukd:Petrology petrology sohukd:Phenology phenology sohukd:Photochemistry photochemistry sohukd:Physics physics sohukd:Physiology physiology sohukd:PlanetaryScience Planetary science, also known as planetology and closely related to planetary astronomy, is the science of planets, or planetary systems, and the solar system. [Wikipedia] planetary science sohukd:Planetology planetology sohukd:PlateTectonics In plate tectonic theory earth history, at its simplest, is one of plates rifting into pieces diverging apart and new ocean basins being born, followed by motion reversal, convergence back together, subduction of the oceanic crust, plate collision, and mountain building. This cycle of opening and closing ocean basins is the Wilson Cycle . [Wikipedia] plate tectonics sohukd:Psychology psychology sohukd:Rheology rheology sohukd:Science science sohukd:Seismology Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and λόγος,logos = knowledge ) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes (such as explosions). seismology sohukd:Sociology sociology sohukd:Stratigraphy stratigraphy sohukd:Tectonics Tectonics is a field of study within geology concerned generally with the structures within the crust of the Earth (or other planets) and particularly with the forces and movements that have operated in a region to create these structures. Tectonics is concerned with the orogenies and tectonic development of cratons and tectonic terranes as well as the earthquake and volcanic belts which directly affect much of the global population. Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores. A subfield of tectonics that deals with tectonic phenomena in the geologically recent period is called neotectonics. tectonics sohukd:Thermodynamics thermodynamics sohukd:Toxicology toxicology sohur:Analysis analysis sohur:AppliedResearch applied research sohur:Assessment assessment sohur:Campaign campaign sohur:Correction correction sohur:Difference difference sohur:EndToEndEnvironment end to end environment sohur:Evidence evidence sohur:Experiment experiment sohur:ExperimentActivity experiment activity sohur:HypothesisTest hypothesis test sohur:Investigate investigate sohur:Investigation investigation sohur:LaboratoryEnvironment laboratory environment sohur:MissionTestedEnvironment mission tested environment sohur:Monitor monitor sohur:Monitoring monitoring sohur:Observation observation sohur:Observe observe sohur:OperationalEnvironment operational environment sohur:Project project sohur:Proof proof sohur:ProofOfConcept proof of concept sohur:Publication publication sohur:Realization realization sohur:RepresentativeEnvironment representative environment sohur:Research research sohur:ResearchSetting research setting sohur:Residual residual sohur:Result result sohur:Sample sample sohur:Validation validation sohur:Variable variable sohur:VerifiedValidatedEnvironment verified validated environment sohur:WeightOfEvidence weight of evidence sohutr:TRL trl 1 sohutr:TRL1 trl1 2 sohutr:TRL2 trl2 3 sohutr:TRL3 trl3 4 sohutr:TRL4 trl4 5 sohutr:TRL5 trl5 6 sohutr:TRL6 trl6 7 sohutr:TRL7 trl7 8 sohutr:TRL8 trl8 9 sohutr:TRL9 trl9 sohutr:Technology technology sohutr:TechnologyReadiness technology readiness sohutr:TechnologyReadinessLevel technology readiness level sohut:AirTraffic air traffic sohut:AirTrafficControl air traffic control sohut:AirTransportation air transportation sohut:Arrival arrival sohut:Ascent ascent sohut:Aviation aviation sohut:CivilAviation civil aviation sohut:Departure departure sohut:Descent descent sohut:Evacuation evacuation sohut:Flight flight sohut:GroundTransportation ground transportation sohut:Landing landing sohut:Liftoff liftoff sohut:MilitaryAviation military aviation sohut:SpaceProgram space program sohut:SpaceTravel space travel sohut:Takeoff takeoff sohut:Transit transit sohut:Transport transport sohut:Transportation transportation soma:Air air soma:BDOC bdoc soma:BiodegradableDissolvedOrganicCarbon biodegradable dissolved organic carbon soma:Chemical Chemical substance, in chemistry, are material objects that can undergo various transformations related to artificial or natural phenomena [Wikipedia] chemical soma:ChemicalSubstance chemical substance soma:DO do soma:DOC doc soma:DissolvedGas dissolved gas soma:DissolvedOrganicCarbon dissolved organic carbon soma:DissolvedOxygen dissolved oxygen soma:DissolvedSolid dissolved solid soma:DissolvedSubstance dissolved substance soma:GreenhouseGas greenhouse gas soma:Inorganic inorganic soma:InorganicSubstance inorganic substance soma:Medium medium soma:MixedChemicalSubstance mixed chemical substance soma:Mixture In chemistry, a mixture is when two or more different substances are mixed together but not combined chemically. The molecules of two or more different substances are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids. [Wikipedia] mixture soma:NeutralGas neutral gas soma:OrganicLoading organic loading soma:SolidSubstance solid substance soma:Solution In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. All solutions are characterized by interactions between the solvent phase and solute molecules or ions that result in a net decrease in free energy. [Wikipedia] solution soma:Substance substance soma:SuspendedGas suspended gas soma:SuspendedSolid suspended solid soma:SuspendedSubstance suspended substance soma:TraceGas trace gas soma:TraceSubstance trace substance somaae:Aerosol aerosol somaae:Ash Fine particles of pulverized rock. ash somaae:BlackCarbon black carbon somaae:CCN ccn somaae:CloudCondensationNuclei cloud condensation nuclei somaae:CondensationNuclei condensation nuclei somaae:ContinentalAerosol Aerosol having its origin over the continents with industrial, urban, agricultural, forest, and desert sources, with potential for high concentrations of hygroscopic aerosol. continental aerosol somaae:Dust dust somaae:FugitiveDust fugitive dust somaae:Grain grain somaae:PM1 pm1 somaae:PM10 pm10 somaae:PM2point5 pm2point5 somaae:Particulate The term for solid or liquid particles found in a gas. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke. particulate somaae:Pollen pollen somaae:Smoke smoke somaae:Soot soot somaae:Spray spray soman:AcornWorm The Acorn worms or Enteropneusta are a hemichordate class of invertebrates. Acorn worms are classified in the phylum Hemichordata, closely related to the chordates. There are about 70 species of acorn worm in the world, the main species for research being Saccoglossus kowaleski. All species are infaunal benthos that either may be deposit feeders or suspension feeders. Some of these worms may grow to be very long; one particular species may reach a length of 2.5 meters (almost eight feet), although most acorn worms are much, much smaller. acorn worm soman:Amphibian amphibian soman:Anemone anemone soman:Animal animal soman:Arachnid arachnid soman:Arthropod arthropod soman:Bee bee soman:Bird bird soman:Centipede centipede soman:Coral coral soman:Cow cow soman:Crustacean crustacean soman:Dairy dairy soman:Echinoderm echinoderm soman:ExoticSpecies exotic species soman:Fauna fauna soman:Fish fish soman:Flatworm flatworm soman:Human human soman:IndigenousSpecies indigenous species soman:Insect insect soman:Invertebrate invertebrate soman:Jellyfish jellyfish soman:Livestock livestock soman:Mammal mammal soman:MarineAnimal marine animal soman:MarineBird marine bird soman:MarineInvertebrate marine invertebrate soman:MarineMammal marine mammal soman:Mesozooplankton mesozooplankton soman:Microzooplankton microzooplankton soman:Millipede millipede soman:Mollusk mollusk soman:Poultry poultry soman:Reptile reptile soman:Roundworm roundworm soman:SegmentedWorm segmented worm soman:Silkworm silkworm soman:Sponge sponge soman:Vertebrate vertebrate soman:Zooplankton zooplankton somab:AnimalWaste animal waste somab:AquaticOrganism aquatic organism somab:Bioindicator bioindicator somab:Biomass biomass somab:Detritus detritus somab:Feed feed somab:Fertilizer fertilizer somab:Food food somab:Gelbstoff gelbstoff somab:Honey honey somab:Humus humus somab:IndicatorSpecies An indicator species is any biological species that defines a trait or characteristic of the environment. For example, a species may delineate an ecoregion or indicate an environmental condition such as a disease outbreak, pollution, species competition or climate change. Indicator species can be among the most sensitive species in a region, acting as an early warning to monitoring biologists. indicator species somab:Litter litter somab:LivingEntity living entity somab:Manure manure somab:Organism organism somab:Species species somab:Wood wood somab:WoodDebris wood debris somac:ChemicalCompound chemical compound somac:Clathrate clathrate somac:Compound A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements[1][2][3] that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions[4] and that have a unique and defined chemical structure. Chemical compounds consist of a fixed ratio of atoms[3] that are hold together in a defined spatial arrangement by chemical bonds. [Wikipedia] compound somac:InorganicAcid inorganic acid somac:InorganicCompound inorganic compound somac:Perchlorate perchlorate somac:Peroxide peroxide somael:Actinoid actinoid somael:AlkaliMetal alkali metal somael:AlkalineEarthMetal alkaline earth metal somael:Atmophile atmophile somael:Chalcogen chalcogen somael:Chalcophile An element such as copper that forms sulphide minerals if sufficient sulphur is available. chalcophile somael:ChemicalElement chemical element somael:Element A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons. [Wikipedia] element somael:Ha ha somael:Halogen halogen somael:HeavyMetal heavy metal somael:Lithophile lithophile somael:Metal A metal is a chemical element whose atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations), and form metallic bonds between other metal atoms and ionic bonds between nonmetal atoms.[Wikipedia] metal somael:Metalloid metalloid somael:NobleGas noble gas somael:Nonmetal nonmetal somael:PostTransitionMetal post transition metal somael:Prictogen prictogen somael:RareEarthElement rare earth element somael:Siderophile siderophile somael:TraceMetal trace metal somael:TransitionMetal transition metal somaem:Allotrope allotrope somaen:Battery battery somaen:Biodiesel biodiesel somaen:Biofuel biofuel somaen:Biomass biomass somaen:CompundParabolicConcentrator compund parabolic concentrator somaen:EnergyCollector energy collector somaen:EnergyConversionDevice energy conversion device somaen:EnergyDistributionSystem energy distribution system somaen:EnergyStorage energy storage somaen:Ethanol ethanol somaen:FlatPlateCollector flat plate collector somaen:Fuel fuel somaen:FuelCell fuel cell somaen:GeothermalPowerPlant geothermal power plant somaen:HeatExchanger heat exchanger somaen:HeatPump heat pump somaen:Heater heater somaen:HydrogenEnergy hydrogen energy somaen:ParabolicTrough parabolic trough somaen:PhotovoltaicCell photovoltaic cell somaen:PowerGrid power grid somaen:PowerPlant power plant somaen:PowerTransmissionFacility power transmission facility somaen:Refrigerator refrigerator somaen:SmartGrid smart grid somaen:TubularCollector tubular collector somaeq:Aircraft An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly through the air (or through any other atmosphere). All the human activity which surrounds aircraft is called aviation. (Most rocket vehicles are not aircraft because they are not supported by the surrounding air). aircraft somaeq:Airplane airplane somaeq:Antenna antenna somaeq:ArtesianWell artesian well somaeq:Borehole A borehole is the generalised term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes including the extraction of water or fluid (such as oil) or gases (such as natural gas or methane), as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment, for mineral exploration, or as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities. borehole somaeq:Car car somaeq:Communication communication somaeq:CommunicationMethod communication method somaeq:Communications communications somaeq:CommunicationsEquipment communications equipment somaeq:ComputerHardware computer hardware somaeq:ConfinedWell confined well somaeq:DisposalWell disposal well somaeq:DrainageWell drainage well somaeq:EmergencyVehicle emergency vehicle sohuc:Equipment somaeq:Equipment equipment somaeq:Helicopter helicopter somaeq:Infrastructure infrastructure somaeq:InjectionWell injection well somaeq:Internet internet somaeq:Jet jet somaeq:LandLine land line somaeq:MaterialThing material thing somaeq:MobilePhone mobile phone somaeq:MonitoringWell monitoring well somaeq:Navigation navigation somaeq:NavigationEquipment navigation equipment somaeq:Phone phone somaeq:Pipeline pipeline somaeq:PumpingWell pumping well somaeq:Radio radio somaeq:Receive receive somaeq:Receiver receiver somaeq:Reception reception somaeq:RechargeWell recharge well somaeq:Rocket rocket somaeq:Rover rover somaeq:Satellite satellite somaeq:Ship ship somaeq:Signal signal somaeq:Sink sink somaeq:SpaceShuttle space shuttle somaeq:Spacecraft spacecraft somaeq:Trailer trailer somaeq:Train train somaeq:Transmission transmission somaeq:Transmit transmit somaeq:Transmitter transmitter somaeq:TransportationEquipment transportation equipment somaeq:Truck truck somaeq:UnconfinedWell unconfined well somaeq:Vehicle vehicle somaeq:Well A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension. well somaeq:Wireless wireless somaf:AgriculturalProductionFacility agricultural production facility somaf:AirTrafficControlCenter air traffic control center somaf:AirTrafficControlEnRouteCenter air traffic control en route center somaf:AirTrafficControlRadarRoom air traffic control radar room somaf:AirTrafficControlTower air traffic control tower somaf:AirTransitway air transitway somaf:Airport airport somaf:AirportFacility airport facility somaf:Base base somaf:Building building somaf:CommunicationFacility communication facility somaf:CulturalFeature cultural feature somaf:Dome dome somaf:Facility facility somaf:Farm farm somaf:Fishery fishery somaf:Habitat habitat somaf:MeteorologicalFacility meteorological facility somaf:Meteostation meteostation somaf:Mine mine somaf:MiningFacility mining facility somaf:Plantation plantation somaf:Platform platform somaf:Runway runway somaf:Station station somaf:Structure structure somaf:TransportationFacility transportation facility somaind:Alloy An alloy is a partial or complete solid solution of one or more elements in a metallic matrix. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may be homogeneous in distribution depending on thermal (heat treatment) history. Alloys usually have different properties from those of the component elements. [Wikipedia] alloy somaind:Cement cement somaind:Colloid colloid somaind:ForestProduct forest product somaind:IndustrialProduct industrial product somaind:Product product somaind:Slurry slurry somaind:Supply supply somaind:Yield yield somains:Anemometer anemometer somains:Buoy buoy somains:Device device somains:DopplerRadar doppler radar somains:GPS gps somains:GlobalPositioningSystem global positioning system somains:Instrument instrument somains:LIDAR LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing technology that measures properties of scattered light to find range and/or other information of a distant target. The prevalent method to determine distance to an object or surface is to use laser pulses. Like the similar radar technology, which uses radio waves instead of light, the range to an object is determined by measuring the time delay between transmission of a pulse and detection of the reflected signal. LIDAR technology has application in archaeology, geography, geology, geomorphology, seismology, remote sensing and atmospheric physics. lidar somains:Magnetogram magnetogram somains:Manometer manometer somains:Microscope microscope somains:OpticalInstrument optical instrument somains:Piezometer A devise used to measure groundwater pressure head at a point in the subsurface. piezometer somains:Radar radar somains:Sensor sensor somains:Telescope telescope somains:Telethermometer A temperature-measuring system in which the thermally sensitive element is located at a distance from the indicating element. telethermometer somains:Tensiometer A device used to measure the moisture tension in the unsaturated zone. tensiometer somains:Thermometer thermometer somains:TideGauge tide gauge somaio:Anion An anion is an ion that has more electrons than protons such that the atom or molecule is negatively charged. [Wikipedia] anion somaio:Cation An cation is an ion that has more protons than electrons such that the atom or molecule is positively charged. [Wikipedia] cation somaio:HeavyIon heavy ion somaio:Ion An ion is an atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. [Wikipedia] ion somaio:SaltIon salt ion somais:AlphaParticle alpha particle somais:BetaParticle beta particle somais:Isotope isotope somais:Nuclide nuclide somais:Radiation radiation somais:RadioactiveSubstance radioactive substance somais:Radiocarbon radiocarbon somais:Radioelement radioelement somais:Radioisotope radioisotope somais:Radionuclide radionuclide somamic:Algae algae somamic:Algal algal somamic:Amoebae amoebae somamic:Bacteria bacteria somamic:BlueGreenAlgae blue green algae somamic:Ciliate ciliate somamic:ClostridiumPerfringen clostridium perfringen somamic:Coccolithophore coccolithophore somamic:Coliform coliform somamic:Diatom diatom somamic:Diazotroph diazotroph somamic:Enterococci enterococci somamic:EscherichiaColi escherichia coli somamic:FecalColiform fecal coliform somamic:FecalStreptococci fecal streptococci somamic:Flagellate flagellate somamic:Foraminifer foraminifer somamic:MarineMicrobiota marine microbiota somamic:Microalgae microalgae somamic:Microbiota microbiota somamic:MicrobiotaTaxonomy microbiota taxonomy somamic:Microphyte microphyte somamic:Mold mold somamic:Phytoplankton phytoplankton somamic:Picophytoplankton picophytoplankton somamic:Plankton plankton somamic:Protist protist somamic:Radiolarian radiolarian somamic:SlimeMold slime mold somamic:Sporozoan sporozoan somamic:Yeast yeast somamin:Abelsonite Abelsonite somamin:Abenakiite_Ce Abenakiite (Ce) somamin:Abernathyite Abernathyite somamin:Abhurite Abhurite somamin:Abramovite Abramovite somamin:Abrazite Abrazite somamin:Abswurmbachite Abswurmbachite somamin:Abukumalite Abukumalite somamin:Acadialite Acadialite somamin:Acanthite Acanthite somamin:Acetamide Acetamide somamin:Achavalite Achavalite somamin:Achiardite Achiardite somamin:Achroite Achroite somamin:Achtarandite Achtarandite somamin:Acicular_iron_ore Acicular iron ore somamin:Acmite Acmite somamin:Actinolite Actinolite somamin:Acuminite Acuminite somamin:Adamite Adamite somamin:Adamsite_Y Adamsite (Y) somamin:Adelite Adelite somamin:Adipite Adipite somamin:Admontite Admontite somamin:Adranosite Adranosite somamin:Adularia Adularia somamin:Aedelforsite Aedelforsite somamin:Aedelite Aedelite somamin:Aegirine Aegirine somamin:Aegirine_augite Aegirine-augite somamin:Aenigmatite Aenigmatite somamin:Aerinite Aerinite somamin:Aerugite Aerugite somamin:Aeschynite_Ce Aeschynite (Ce) somamin:Aeschynite_Nd Aeschynite (Nd) somamin:Aeschynite_Y Aeschynite (Y) somamin:Afghanite Afghanite somamin:Afwillite Afwillite somamin:Agardite_Ca Agardite (Ca) somamin:Agardite_Ce Agardite (Ce) somamin:Agardite_Dy Agardite (Dy) somamin:Agardite_La Agardite (La) somamin:Agardite_Nd Agardite (Nd) somamin:Agardite_Y Agardite (Y) somamin:Agate Agate somamin:Agnolite Agnolite somamin:Agrellite Agrellite somamin:Agrinierite Agrinierite somamin:Aguilarite Aguilarite somamin:Aheylite Aheylite somamin:Ahlfeldite Ahlfeldite somamin:Ahlfeldite1 Ahlfeldite1 somamin:Aikinite Aikinite somamin:Aiolosite Aiolosite somamin:Ajoite Ajoite somamin:Akaganeite Akaganeite somamin:Akatoreite Akatoreite somamin:Akdalaite Akdalaite somamin:Akermanite Akermanite somamin:Akhtenskite Akhtenskite somamin:Akimotoite Akimotoite somamin:Akrochordite Akrochordite somamin:Aksaite Aksaite somamin:Aktashite Aktashite somamin:Alabandite Alabandite somamin:Alabaster Alabaster somamin:Alacranite Alacranite somamin:Alamosite Alamosite somamin:Alarsite Alarsite somamin:Albite Albite somamin:Albrechtschraufite Albrechtschraufite somamin:Aldermanite Aldermanite somamin:Aldzhanite Aldzhanite somamin:Aleksite Aleksite somamin:Alexandrite Alexandrite somamin:Alflarsenite Alflarsenite somamin:Alforsite Alforsite somamin:Alfredstelznerite Alfredstelznerite somamin:Algodonite Algodonite somamin:Aliettite Aliettite somamin:Allabogdanite Allabogdanite somamin:Allactite Allactite somamin:Allanite_Ce Allanite (Ce) somamin:Allanite_La Allanite (La) somamin:Allanite_Y Allanite (Y) somamin:Allanpringite Allanpringite somamin:Allargentum Allargentum somamin:Alleghanyite Alleghanyite somamin:Allemontite Allemontite somamin:Allendeite Allendeite somamin:Allochalcoselite Allochalcoselite somamin:Alloclasite Alloclasite somamin:Allophane Allophane somamin:Alloriite Alloriite somamin:Alluaivite Alluaivite somamin:Alluaudite Alluaudite somamin:Almagrerite Almagrerite somamin:Almandine Almandine somamin:Almandite Almandite somamin:Almarudite Almarudite somamin:Almbosite Almbosite somamin:Almeraite Almeraite somamin:Alpersite Alpersite somamin:Alsakharovite_Zn Alsakharovite-Zn somamin:Alstonite Alstonite somamin:Altaite Altaite somamin:Althausite Althausite somamin:Althupite Althupite somamin:Altisite Altisite somamin:Altmarkite Altmarkite somamin:Alum_K Alum (K) somamin:Alum_Na Alum (Na) somamin:Aluminilite Aluminilite somamin:Aluminite Aluminite somamin:Aluminium Aluminium somamin:Alumino_magnesiohulsite Alumino-magnesiohulsite somamin:Alumino_magnesiotaramite Alumino-magnesiotaramite somamin:Aluminobarroisite Aluminobarroisite somamin:Aluminoceladonite Aluminoceladonite somamin:Aluminocerite_Ce Aluminocerite (Ce) somamin:Aluminocopiapite Aluminocopiapite somamin:Aluminoferrobarroisite Aluminoferrobarroisite somamin:Aluminoferrohornblende Aluminoferrohornblende somamin:Aluminoferrotschermakite Aluminoferrotschermakite somamin:Aluminokatophorite Aluminokatophorite somamin:Aluminomagnesiohornblende Aluminomagnesiohornblende somamin:Aluminomagnesiohulsite Aluminomagnesiohulsite somamin:Aluminomagnesiotaramite Aluminomagnesiotaramite somamin:Aluminotaramite Aluminotaramite somamin:Aluminotschermakite Aluminotschermakite somamin:Aluminowinchite Aluminowinchite somamin:Aluminum Aluminum somamin:Aluminum_Sulfate Aluminum Sulfate somamin:Alumoakermanite Alumoakermanite somamin:Alumohydrocalcite Alumohydrocalcite somamin:Alumoklyuchevskite Alumoklyuchevskite somamin:Alumopharmacosiderite Alumopharmacosiderite somamin:Alumotantite Alumotantite somamin:Alumotungstite Alumotungstite somamin:Alunite Alunite somamin:Alunogen Alunogen somamin:Alushtite Alushtite somamin:Alvanite Alvanite somamin:Amakinite Amakinite somamin:Amalgam Amalgam somamin:Amarantite Amarantite somamin:Amarillite Amarillite somamin:Amazonite Amazonite somamin:Amazonstone Amazonstone somamin:Amber Amber somamin:Amblygonite Amblygonite somamin:Ameghinite Ameghinite somamin:Amesite Amesite somamin:Amethyst Amethyst somamin:Amianthus Amianthus somamin:Amicite Amicite somamin:Aminoffite Aminoffite somamin:Ammonia_alum Ammonia alum somamin:Ammonian_arcanite Ammonian arcanite somamin:Ammonioalunite Ammonioalunite somamin:Ammonioborite Ammonioborite somamin:Ammoniojarosite Ammoniojarosite somamin:Ammonioleucite Ammonioleucite somamin:Ammonium_hexachlorostannate Ammonium hexachlorostannate somamin:Amosite Amosite somamin:Amphigene Amphigene somamin:Amstallite Amstallite somamin:Analcidite Analcidite somamin:Analcime Analcime somamin:Analcite Analcite somamin:Analzim Analzim somamin:Anandite Anandite somamin:Anapaite Anapaite somamin:Anatase Anatase somamin:Ancylite_Ce Ancylite (Ce) somamin:Ancylite_La Ancylite (La) somamin:Andalusite Andalusite somamin:Andersonite Andersonite somamin:Andesine Andesine somamin:Andorite Andorite somamin:Andradite Andradite somamin:Andreasbergolite Andreasbergolite somamin:Andremeyerite Andremeyerite somamin:Andreolite Andreolite somamin:Andrewsite Andrewsite somamin:Andreyivanovite Andreyivanovite somamin:Androsite Androsite somamin:Androsite_La Androsite (La) somamin:Anduoite Anduoite somamin:Andyrobertsite Andyrobertsite somamin:Angastonite Angastonite somamin:Angelaite Angelaite somamin:Angelellite Angelellite somamin:Anglarite Anglarite somamin:Anglesite Anglesite somamin:Anhydrite Anhydrite somamin:Anilite Anilite somamin:Ankangite Ankangite somamin:Ankerite Ankerite somamin:Ankinovichite Ankinovichite somamin:Ankoleite Ankoleite somamin:Annabergite Annabergite somamin:Annite Annite somamin:Anorthite Anorthite somamin:Anorthoclase Anorthoclase somamin:Anorthominasragrite Anorthominasragrite somamin:Ansermetite Ansermetite somamin:Antarcticite Antarcticite somamin:Anthoinite Anthoinite somamin:Anthonyite Anthonyite somamin:Anthophyllite Anthophyllite somamin:Anthraquinone Anthraquinone somamin:Antiedrite Antiedrite somamin:Antigorite Antigorite somamin:Antimonite Antimonite somamin:Antimonpearceite Antimonpearceite somamin:Antimonselite Antimonselite somamin:Antimonsilver Antimonsilver somamin:Antimony Antimony somamin:Antimony_Glance Antimony Glance somamin:Antimony_bloom Antimony bloom somamin:Antimony_ochre Antimony ochre somamin:Antitaenite Antitaenite somamin:Antlerite Antlerite somamin:Anyolite Anyolite somamin:Anyuiite Anyuiite somamin:Apachite Apachite somamin:Apatite Apatite somamin:Apatite_CaCl Apatite (CaCl) somamin:Apatite_CaF Apatite (CaF) somamin:Apatite_CaOH Apatite (CaOH) somamin:Apatite_CaOH_M Apatite (CaOH)-M somamin:Apatite_SrOH Apatite (SrOH) somamin:Aphthalose Aphthalose somamin:Aphthitalite Aphthitalite somamin:Apjohnite Apjohnite somamin:Aplowite Aplowite somamin:Apoanalcite Apoanalcite somamin:Apophyllite Apophyllite somamin:Apophyllite_KF Apophyllite (KF) somamin:Apophyllite_KOH Apophyllite (KOH) somamin:Apophyllite_NaF Apophyllite (NaF) somamin:Apuanite Apuanite somamin:Aqualite Aqualite somamin:Aquamarine Aquamarine somamin:Aragonite Aragonite somamin:Arakiite Arakiite somamin:Aramayoite Aramayoite somamin:Arapovite Arapovite somamin:Aravaipaite Aravaipaite somamin:Arcanite Arcanite somamin:Archerite Archerite somamin:Arctite Arctite somamin:Arcubisite Arcubisite somamin:Ardaite Ardaite somamin:Ardealite Ardealite somamin:Ardennite Ardennite somamin:Ardennite_As Ardennite (As) somamin:Ardennite_V Ardennite (V) somamin:Arduinite Arduinite somamin:Arfvedsonite Arfvedsonite somamin:Argentite Argentite somamin:Argentojarosite Argentojarosite somamin:Argentopentlandite Argentopentlandite somamin:Argentopyrite Argentopyrite somamin:Argentotennantite Argentotennantite somamin:Argutite Argutite somamin:Argyrodite Argyrodite somamin:Arhbarite Arhbarite somamin:Aricite Aricite somamin:Aristarainite Aristarainite somamin:Arizonite Arizonite somamin:Arkelite Arkelite somamin:Armalcolite Armalcolite somamin:Armangite Armangite somamin:Armbrusterite Armbrusterite somamin:Armenite Armenite somamin:Armstrongite Armstrongite somamin:Arnhemite Arnhemite somamin:Arrojadite Arrojadite somamin:Arrojadite_BaFe Arrojadite (BaFe) somamin:Arrojadite_BaNa Arrojadite (BaNa) somamin:Arrojadite_KFe Arrojadite (KFe) somamin:Arrojadite_KNa Arrojadite (KNa) somamin:Arrojadite_NaFe Arrojadite (NaFe) somamin:Arrojadite_PbFe Arrojadite (PbFe) somamin:Arrojadite_SrFe Arrojadite (SrFe) somamin:Arsenbrackebuschite Arsenbrackebuschite somamin:Arsendescloizite Arsendescloizite somamin:Arsenic Arsenic somamin:Arseniodialyte Arseniodialyte somamin:Arseniopleite Arseniopleite somamin:Arseniosiderite Arseniosiderite somamin:Arsenobismite Arsenobismite somamin:Arsenoclasite Arsenoclasite somamin:Arsenocrandallite Arsenocrandallite somamin:Arsenoflorencite_Ce Arsenoflorencite (Ce) somamin:Arsenoflorencite_La Arsenoflorencite (La) somamin:Arsenoflorencite_Nd Arsenoflorencite (Nd) somamin:Arsenogorceixite Arsenogorceixite somamin:Arsenogoyazite Arsenogoyazite somamin:Arsenohauchecornite Arsenohauchecornite somamin:Arsenolamprite Arsenolamprite somamin:Arsenolite Arsenolite somamin:Arsenopalladinite Arsenopalladinite somamin:Arsenopyrite Arsenopyrite somamin:Arsenopyromorphite Arsenopyromorphite somamin:Arsenosulvanite Arsenosulvanite somamin:Arsenovanmeersscheite Arsenovanmeersscheite somamin:Arsenowaylandite Arsenowaylandite somamin:Arsenpolybasite Arsenpolybasite somamin:Arsentsumebite Arsentsumebite somamin:Arsenuranospathite Arsenuranospathite somamin:Arsenuranylite Arsenuranylite somamin:Arthurite Arthurite somamin:Artinite Artinite somamin:Artroeite Artroeite somamin:Artsmithite Artsmithite somamin:Arupite Arupite somamin:Arzakite Arzakite somamin:Arzrunite Arzrunite somamin:Asbecasite Asbecasite somamin:Asbolane Asbolane somamin:Aschamalmite Aschamalmite somamin:Ascharite Ascharite somamin:Ashanite Ashanite somamin:Ashburtonite Ashburtonite somamin:Ashcroftine_Ce Ashcroftine (Ce) somamin:Ashcroftine_Y Ashcroftine (Y) somamin:Ashoverite Ashoverite somamin:Ashtonite Ashtonite somamin:Asisite Asisite somamin:Aspidolite Aspidolite somamin:Asselbornite Asselbornite somamin:Astrocyanite_Ce Astrocyanite (Ce) somamin:Astrophyllite Astrophyllite somamin:Atacamite Atacamite somamin:Atelestite Atelestite somamin:Atencioite Atencioite somamin:Athabascaite Athabascaite somamin:Atheneite Atheneite somamin:Atlasovite Atlasovite somamin:Atokite Atokite somamin:Atopite Atopite somamin:Attacolite Attacolite somamin:Attakolite Attakolite somamin:Attapulgite Attapulgite somamin:Attikaite Attikaite somamin:Aubertite Aubertite somamin:Augelite Augelite somamin:Augite Augite somamin:Aurichalcite Aurichalcite somamin:Auricupride Auricupride somamin:Aurivilliusite Aurivilliusite somamin:Auroantimonate Auroantimonate somamin:Aurorite Aurorite somamin:Aurostibite Aurostibite somamin:Austinite Austinite somamin:Autunite Autunite somamin:Avanturine Avanturine somamin:Avdoninite Avdoninite somamin:Averievite Averievite somamin:Avicennite Avicennite somamin:Avogadrite Avogadrite somamin:Awaruite Awaruite somamin:Axinite Axinite somamin:Axinite_Fe Axinite (Fe) somamin:Axinite_Mg Axinite (Mg) somamin:Axinite_Mn Axinite (Mn) somamin:Azoproite Azoproite somamin:Azovskite Azovskite somamin:Azurite Azurite somamin:Babefphite Babefphite somamin:Babingtonite Babingtonite somamin:Babkinite Babkinite somamin:Baddeleyite Baddeleyite somamin:Bafertisite Bafertisite somamin:Baghdadite Baghdadite somamin:Bagotite Bagotite somamin:Bahianite Bahianite somamin:Baileychlore Baileychlore somamin:Baiyuneboite_Ce Baiyuneboite (Ce) somamin:Bakerite Bakerite somamin:Bakhchisaraitsevite Bakhchisaraitsevite somamin:Baking_soda Baking soda somamin:Baksanite Baksanite somamin:Balangeroite Balangeroite somamin:Balas_ruby Balas ruby somamin:Balavinskite Balavinskite somamin:Balipholite Balipholite somamin:Balkanite Balkanite somamin:Balyakinite Balyakinite somamin:Bambollaite Bambollaite somamin:Bamfordite Bamfordite somamin:Banalsite Banalsite somamin:Bandylite Bandylite somamin:Bannermanite Bannermanite somamin:Bannisterite Bannisterite somamin:Baotite Baotite somamin:Barahonaite_Al Barahonaite (Al) somamin:Barahonaite_Fe Barahonaite (Fe) somamin:Bararite Bararite somamin:Baratovite Baratovite somamin:Barberiite Barberiite somamin:Barbertonite Barbertonite somamin:Barbosalite Barbosalite somamin:Barentsite Barentsite somamin:Bari_olgite Bari-olgite somamin:Bariandite Bariandite somamin:Baricite Baricite somamin:Bario_olgite Bario-olgite somamin:Bario_orthojoaquinite Bario-orthojoaquinite somamin:Bariolgite Bariolgite somamin:Bariomicrolite Bariomicrolite somamin:Barioperovskite Barioperovskite somamin:Bariopharmacosiderite Bariopharmacosiderite somamin:Bariopyrochlore Bariopyrochlore somamin:Bariosincosite Bariosincosite somamin:Barite Barite somamin:Barium_alumopharmacosiderite Barium-alumopharmacosiderite somamin:Barium_pharmacosiderite Barium-pharmacosiderite somamin:Barium_zinc_alumopharmacosiderite Barium-zinc-alumopharmacosiderite somamin:Bariumbannisterite Bariumbannisterite somamin:Bariumbrewsterite Bariumbrewsterite somamin:Barkevicite Barkevicite somamin:Barnesite Barnesite somamin:Barquillite Barquillite somamin:Barrandite Barrandite somamin:Barrerite Barrerite somamin:Barringerite Barringerite somamin:Barringtonite Barringtonite somamin:Barroisite Barroisite somamin:Barsanovite Barsanovite somamin:Barstowite Barstowite somamin:Bartelkeite Bartelkeite somamin:Bartonite Bartonite somamin:Barylite Barylite somamin:Barysilite Barysilite somamin:Barytes Barytes somamin:Barytkreuzstein Barytkreuzstein somamin:Barytocalcite Barytocalcite somamin:Barytolamprophyllite Barytolamprophyllite somamin:Basaluminite Basaluminite somamin:Bassanite Bassanite somamin:Bassetite Bassetite somamin:Bastnasite_Ce Bastnasite (Ce) somamin:Bastnasite_La Bastnasite (La) somamin:Bastnasite_Y Bastnasite (Y) somamin:Batavite Batavite somamin:Batiferrite Batiferrite somamin:Batisite Batisite somamin:Batisivite Batisivite somamin:Baumhauerite Baumhauerite somamin:Baumhauerite_2a Baumhauerite-2a somamin:Baumstarkite Baumstarkite somamin:Bauranoite Bauranoite somamin:Bauxite Bauxite somamin:Bavenite Bavenite somamin:Bayankhanite Bayankhanite somamin:Bayerite Bayerite somamin:Bayldonite Bayldonite somamin:Bayleyite Bayleyite somamin:Baylissite Baylissite somamin:Bazhenovite Bazhenovite somamin:Bazirite Bazirite somamin:Bazzite Bazzite somamin:Bearsite Bearsite somamin:Bearthite Bearthite somamin:Beaumontite Beaumontite somamin:Beaverite Beaverite somamin:Bechererite Bechererite somamin:Beckelite Beckelite somamin:Becquerelite Becquerelite somamin:Bederite Bederite somamin:Beegerite Beegerite somamin:Behierite Behierite somamin:Behoite Behoite somamin:Beidellite Beidellite somamin:Belendorffite Belendorffite somamin:Belkovite Belkovite somamin:Bellbergite Bellbergite somamin:Bellidoite Bellidoite somamin:Bellingerite Bellingerite somamin:Bellite Bellite somamin:Belloite Belloite somamin:Belovite Belovite somamin:Belovite_Ce Belovite (Ce) somamin:Belovite_La Belovite (La) somamin:Belyankinite Belyankinite somamin:Bementite Bementite somamin:Benauite Benauite somamin:Benavidesite Benavidesite somamin:Bendadaite Bendadaite somamin:Benitoite Benitoite somamin:Benjaminite Benjaminite somamin:Benleonardite Benleonardite somamin:Benstonite Benstonite somamin:Bentonite Bentonite somamin:Bentorite Bentorite somamin:Benyacarite Benyacarite somamin:Beraunite Beraunite somamin:Berborite Berborite somamin:Berdesinskiite Berdesinskiite somamin:Berezanskite Berezanskite somamin:Bergenite Bergenite somamin:Bergmannite Bergmannite somamin:Bergslagite Bergslagite somamin:Berlinite Berlinite somamin:Bermanite Bermanite somamin:Bernalite Bernalite somamin:Bernardite Bernardite somamin:Berndtite Berndtite somamin:Bernstein Bernstein somamin:Berryite Berryite somamin:Berthierine Berthierine somamin:Berthierite Berthierite somamin:Bertossaite Bertossaite somamin:Bertrandite Bertrandite somamin:Beryl Beryl somamin:Beryllite Beryllite somamin:Beryllonite Beryllonite somamin:Berzelianite Berzelianite somamin:Berzeliite Berzeliite somamin:Beta_duftite Beta-duftite somamin:Beta_roselite Beta-roselite somamin:Beta_uranophane Beta-uranophane somamin:Beta_uranotile Beta-uranotile somamin:Betafite Betafite somamin:Betekhtinite Betekhtinite somamin:Betpakdalite Betpakdalite somamin:Beudantite Beudantite somamin:Beusite Beusite somamin:Beyerite Beyerite somamin:Bezsmertnovite Bezsmertnovite somamin:Biachellaite Biachellaite somamin:Bianchite Bianchite somamin:Bicchulite Bicchulite somamin:Bideauxite Bideauxite somamin:Bieberite Bieberite somamin:Biehlite Biehlite somamin:Bigcreekite Bigcreekite somamin:Bijvoetite_Y Bijvoetite (Y) somamin:Bikitaite Bikitaite somamin:Bilibinskite Bilibinskite somamin:Bilinite Bilinite somamin:Billietite Billietite somamin:Billingsleyite Billingsleyite somamin:Bindheimite Bindheimite somamin:Binnite Binnite somamin:Biotite Biotite somamin:Biotitic_vermiculite Biotitic vermiculite somamin:Biphosphammite Biphosphammite somamin:Biraite_Ce Biraite (Ce) somamin:Birchite Birchite somamin:Biringuccite Biringuccite somamin:Birnessite Birnessite somamin:Bisbeeite Bisbeeite somamin:Bischofite Bischofite somamin:Bismite Bismite somamin:Bismoclite Bismoclite somamin:Bismuth Bismuth somamin:Bismuth_Glance Bismuth Glance somamin:Bismuthian_Arsenopyrite Bismuthian Arsenopyrite somamin:Bismuthinite Bismuthinite somamin:Bismutite Bismutite somamin:Bismutocolumbite Bismutocolumbite somamin:Bismutoferrite Bismutoferrite somamin:Bismutohauchecornite Bismutohauchecornite somamin:Bismutomicrolite Bismutomicrolite somamin:Bismutoplagionite Bismutoplagionite somamin:Bismutopyrochlore Bismutopyrochlore somamin:Bismutosparite Bismutosparite somamin:Bismutostibiconite Bismutostibiconite somamin:Bismutotantalite Bismutotantalite somamin:Bityite Bityite somamin:Bixbyite Bixbyite somamin:Bjarebyite Bjarebyite somamin:Bjelkite Bjelkite somamin:Black_Copper_Oxide Black Copper Oxide somamin:Blakeite Blakeite somamin:Blanchardite Blanchardite somamin:Blatonite Blatonite somamin:Blatterite Blatterite somamin:Bleasdaleite Bleasdaleite somamin:Blixite Blixite somamin:Blockite Blockite somamin:Blodite Blodite somamin:Bloedite Bloedite somamin:Blomstrandite Blomstrandite somamin:Blossite Blossite somamin:Boart Boart somamin:Bobdownsite Bobdownsite somamin:Bobfergusonite Bobfergusonite somamin:Bobierrite Bobierrite somamin:Bobjonesite Bobjonesite somamin:Bobkingite Bobkingite somamin:Bobrovskite Bobrovskite somamin:Bobtraillite Bobtraillite somamin:Boeggildite Boeggildite somamin:Boehmite Boehmite somamin:Bogdanovite Bogdanovite somamin:Boggildite Boggildite somamin:Boggsite Boggsite somamin:Bogvadite Bogvadite somamin:Bohdanowiczite Bohdanowiczite somamin:Bokite Bokite somamin:Boldyrevite Boldyrevite somamin:Boleite Boleite somamin:Bolivarite Bolivarite somamin:Boltwoodite Boltwoodite somamin:Bonaccordite Bonaccordite somamin:Bonattite Bonattite somamin:Bonchevite Bonchevite somamin:Bonshtedtite Bonshtedtite somamin:Booart Booart somamin:Boothite Boothite somamin:Boracite Boracite somamin:Boralsilite Boralsilite somamin:Borax Borax somamin:Borcarite Borcarite somamin:Boric_Acid Boric Acid somamin:Borickite Borickite somamin:Borishanskiite Borishanskiite somamin:Bornemanite Bornemanite somamin:Bornhardtite Bornhardtite somamin:Bornite Bornite somamin:Borocookeite Borocookeite somamin:Borodaevite Borodaevite somamin:Boromullite Boromullite somamin:Boromuscovite Boromuscovite somamin:Borovskite Borovskite somamin:Bortnikovite Bortnikovite somamin:Bostwickite Bostwickite somamin:Botallackite Botallackite somamin:Botryogen Botryogen somamin:Bottinoite Bottinoite somamin:Bouazzerite Bouazzerite somamin:Boulangerite Boulangerite somamin:Bournonite Bournonite somamin:Boussingaultite Boussingaultite somamin:Bowenite Bowenite somamin:Bowieite Bowieite somamin:Bowmanite Bowmanite somamin:Boyleite Boyleite somamin:Brabantite Brabantite somamin:Bracewellite Bracewellite somamin:Brackebuschite Brackebuschite somamin:Bradaczekite Bradaczekite somamin:Bradleyite Bradleyite somamin:Braggite Braggite somamin:Braithwaiteite Braithwaiteite somamin:Braitschite_Ce Braitschite (Ce) somamin:Brammallite Brammallite somamin:Brandesite Brandesite somamin:Brandholzite Brandholzite somamin:Brandtite Brandtite somamin:Brannerite Brannerite somamin:Brannockite Brannockite somamin:Brass Brass somamin:Brassite Brassite somamin:Braunite_I Braunite-I somamin:Braunite_II Braunite-II somamin:Bravoite Bravoite somamin:Brazilianite Brazilianite somamin:Bredigite Bredigite somamin:Breislakite Breislakite somamin:Breithauptite Breithauptite somamin:Brendelite Brendelite somamin:Brenkite Brenkite somamin:Brewsterite Brewsterite somamin:Brewsterite_Ba Brewsterite-Ba somamin:Brewsterite_Sr Brewsterite-Sr somamin:Brezinaite Brezinaite somamin:Brianite Brianite somamin:Brianroulstonite Brianroulstonite somamin:Brianyoungite Brianyoungite somamin:Briartite Briartite somamin:Brindleyite Brindleyite somamin:Brinrobertsite Brinrobertsite somamin:Britholite_Ce Britholite (Ce) somamin:Britholite_Y Britholite (Y) somamin:Britvinite Britvinite somamin:Brizziite_III Brizziite-III somamin:Brizziite_VII Brizziite-VII somamin:Brochantite Brochantite somamin:Brockite Brockite somamin:Brodtkorbite Brodtkorbite somamin:Broggerite Broggerite somamin:Brokenhillite Brokenhillite somamin:Bromargyrite Bromargyrite somamin:Bromellite Bromellite somamin:Bromyrite Bromyrite somamin:Brongniardite Brongniardite somamin:Bronzite Bronzite somamin:Brookite Brookite somamin:Brownleeite Brownleeite somamin:Brownmillerite Brownmillerite somamin:Brucite Brucite somamin:Brueggenite Brueggenite somamin:Bruggenite Bruggenite somamin:Brugnatellite Brugnatellite somamin:Brumadoite Brumadoite somamin:Brunogeierite Brunogeierite somamin:Brunsvigite Brunsvigite somamin:Brushite Brushite somamin:Buchwaldite Buchwaldite somamin:Buckhornite Buckhornite somamin:Buckminsterfullerene Buckminsterfullerene somamin:Buddingtonite Buddingtonite somamin:Buergerite Buergerite somamin:Buetschliite Buetschliite somamin:Bukovite Bukovite somamin:Bukovskyite Bukovskyite somamin:Bulachite Bulachite somamin:Bultfonteinite Bultfonteinite somamin:Bunsenite Bunsenite somamin:Burangaite Burangaite somamin:Burbankite Burbankite somamin:Burckhardtite Burckhardtite somamin:Burgessite Burgessite somamin:Burkeite Burkeite somamin:Burnsite Burnsite somamin:Burovaite_Ca Burovaite-Ca somamin:Burpalite Burpalite somamin:Bursaite Bursaite somamin:Burtite Burtite somamin:Buryatite Buryatite somamin:Bushmakinite Bushmakinite somamin:Bussenite Bussenite somamin:Bussyite_Ce Bussyite (Ce) somamin:Bustamite Bustamite somamin:Butlerite Butlerite somamin:Butschliite Butschliite somamin:Buttgenbachite Buttgenbachite somamin:Byelorussite_Ce Byelorussite (Ce) somamin:Bykovaite Bykovaite somamin:Byssolite Byssolite somamin:Bystrite Bystrite somamin:Bystroemite Bystroemite somamin:Bystromite Bystromite somamin:Bytownite Bytownite somamin:Ca_Rectorite Ca-Rectorite somamin:Ca_hureaulite Ca-hureaulite somamin:Cabalzarite Cabalzarite somamin:Cabriite Cabriite somamin:Cacoxenite Cacoxenite somamin:Cadmium Cadmium somamin:Cadmoindite Cadmoindite somamin:Cadmoselite Cadmoselite somamin:Cadwaladerite Cadwaladerite somamin:Cafarsite Cafarsite somamin:Cafetite Cafetite somamin:Cahnite Cahnite somamin:Caichengyunite Caichengyunite somamin:Calamine Calamine somamin:Calaverite Calaverite somamin:Calciborite Calciborite somamin:Calcio_ancylite_Ce Calcio-ancylite (Ce) somamin:Calcio_ancylite_Nd Calcio-ancylite (Nd) somamin:Calcio_andyrobertsite_1M Calcio-andyrobertsite-1M somamin:Calcio_andyrobertsite_2O Calcio-andyrobertsite-2O somamin:Calcio_olivine Calcio-olivine somamin:Calcioancylite_Ce Calcioancylite (Ce) somamin:Calcioancylite_Nd Calcioancylite (Nd) somamin:Calcioandyrobertsite_1M Calcioandyrobertsite-1M somamin:Calcioandyrobertsite_2O Calcioandyrobertsite-2O somamin:Calcioaravaipaite Calcioaravaipaite somamin:Calciobetafite Calciobetafite somamin:Calcioburbankite Calcioburbankite somamin:Calciocarnotite Calciocarnotite somamin:Calciocatapleiite Calciocatapleiite somamin:Calciocelsian Calciocelsian somamin:Calciochondrodite Calciochondrodite somamin:Calciocopiapite Calciocopiapite somamin:Calcioferrite Calcioferrite somamin:Calciogadolinite Calciogadolinite somamin:Calciohilairite Calciohilairite somamin:Calciopetersite Calciopetersite somamin:Calciotalc Calciotalc somamin:Calciotantite Calciotantite somamin:Calciouranoite Calciouranoite somamin:Calciovolborthite Calciovolborthite somamin:Calcite calcite somamin:Calcium_catapleiite Calcium-catapleiite somamin:Calcjarlite Calcjarlite somamin:Calclacite Calclacite somamin:Calcurmolite Calcurmolite somamin:Calcybeborosilite Calcybeborosilite somamin:Calcybeborosilite_Y Calcybeborosilite (Y) somamin:Calderite Calderite somamin:Calderonite Calderonite somamin:Caledonite Caledonite somamin:Calkinsite_Ce Calkinsite (Ce) somamin:Callaghanite Callaghanite somamin:Callaite Callaite somamin:Calomel Calomel somamin:Calumetite Calumetite somamin:Calvertite Calvertite somamin:Calzirtite Calzirtite somamin:Camerolaite Camerolaite somamin:Cameronite Cameronite somamin:Camgasite Camgasite somamin:Caminite Caminite somamin:Campigliaite Campigliaite somamin:Campylite Campylite somamin:Camsellite Camsellite somamin:Canaphite Canaphite somamin:Canasite Canasite somamin:Canavesite Canavesite somamin:Canbyite Canbyite somamin:Cancrinite Cancrinite somamin:Cancrisilite Cancrisilite somamin:Canfieldite Canfieldite somamin:Cannilloite Cannilloite somamin:Cannizzarite Cannizzarite somamin:Cannonite Cannonite somamin:Caoxite Caoxite somamin:Capgaronnite Capgaronnite somamin:Caporcianite Caporcianite somamin:Cappelenite_Y Cappelenite (Y) somamin:Caracolite Caracolite somamin:Caratiite Caratiite somamin:Carboborite Carboborite somamin:Carbocernaite Carbocernaite somamin:Carboirite_III Carboirite-III somamin:Carboirite_VIII Carboirite-VIII somamin:Carbokentbrooksite Carbokentbrooksite somamin:Carbonado Carbonado somamin:Carbonate_cyanotrichite Carbonate-cyanotrichite somamin:Carbonate_fluorapatite Carbonate-fluorapatite somamin:Carbonate_hydroxylapatite Carbonate-hydroxylapatite somamin:Carbonate_vishnevite Carbonate vishnevite somamin:Carbonatecyanotrichite Carbonatecyanotrichite somamin:Carborundum Carborundum somamin:Caresite Caresite somamin:Carletonite Carletonite somamin:Carlfriesite Carlfriesite somamin:Carlhintzeite Carlhintzeite somamin:Carlinite Carlinite somamin:Carlosite Carlosite somamin:Carlosruizite Carlosruizite somamin:Carlosturanite Carlosturanite somamin:Carlsbergite Carlsbergite somamin:Carmichaelite Carmichaelite somamin:Carminite Carminite somamin:Carnallite Carnallite somamin:Carnelian Carnelian somamin:Carnotite Carnotite somamin:Carobbiite Carobbiite somamin:Carpathite Carpathite somamin:Carpholite Carpholite somamin:Carraraite Carraraite somamin:Carrboydite Carrboydite somamin:Carrollite Carrollite somamin:Caryinite Caryinite somamin:Caryochroite Caryochroite somamin:Caryopilite Caryopilite somamin:Cascandite Cascandite somamin:Cassagnaite Cassagnaite somamin:Cassedanneite Cassedanneite somamin:Cassidyite Cassidyite somamin:Cassiterite Cassiterite somamin:Castaingite Castaingite somamin:Castanite Castanite somamin:Caswellsilverite Caswellsilverite somamin:Catalanoite Catalanoite somamin:Catamarcaite Catamarcaite somamin:Cataphorite Cataphorite somamin:Catapleiite Catapleiite somamin:Catophorite Catophorite somamin:Catoptrite Catoptrite somamin:Cattierite Cattierite somamin:Cattiite Cattiite somamin:Cavansite Cavansite somamin:Cavoite Cavoite somamin:Cawk Cawk somamin:Caysichite_Y Caysichite (Y) somamin:Cebaite_Ce Cebaite (Ce) somamin:Cebaite_Nd Cebaite (Nd) somamin:Cebollite Cebollite somamin:Cechite Cechite somamin:Cejkaite Cejkaite somamin:Celadonite Celadonite somamin:Celestine Celestine somamin:Celestite Celestite somamin:Celsian Celsian somamin:Cenosite Cenosite somamin:Centrallasite Centrallasite somamin:Cerargyrite Cerargyrite somamin:Cerchiaraite Cerchiaraite somamin:Cerianite_Ce Cerianite (Ce) somamin:Cerine Cerine somamin:Ceriopyrochlore_Ce Ceriopyrochlore (Ce) somamin:Cerite_Ce Cerite (Ce) somamin:Cerite_La Cerite (La) somamin:Cernyite Cernyite somamin:Cerolite Cerolite somamin:Cerotungstite_Ce Cerotungstite (Ce) somamin:Ceruleite Ceruleite somamin:Ceruleofibrite Ceruleofibrite somamin:Cerussite Cerussite somamin:Cervandonite_Ce Cervandonite (Ce) somamin:Cervantite Cervantite somamin:Cervelleite Cervelleite somamin:Cesanite Cesanite somamin:Cesarolite Cesarolite somamin:Cesbronite Cesbronite somamin:Cesbronite_x Cesbronite-x somamin:Cesium_kupletskite Cesium-kupletskite somamin:Cesplumtantite Cesplumtantite somamin:Cesstibtantite Cesstibtantite somamin:Cetineite Cetineite somamin:Ceylonite Ceylonite somamin:Chabazite Chabazite somamin:Chabazite_Ca Chabazite-Ca somamin:Chabazite_K Chabazite-K somamin:Chabazite_Na Chabazite-Na somamin:Chabazite_Sr Chabazite-Sr somamin:Chabourneite Chabourneite somamin:Chadwickite Chadwickite somamin:Chaidamuite Chaidamuite somamin:Chalcanthite Chalcanthite somamin:Chalcedony Chalcedony somamin:Chalcoalumite Chalcoalumite somamin:Chalcocite Chalcocite somamin:Chalcocyanite Chalcocyanite somamin:Chalcokyanite Chalcokyanite somamin:Chalcomenite Chalcomenite somamin:Chalconatronite Chalconatronite somamin:Chalcophanite Chalcophanite somamin:Chalcophyllite Chalcophyllite somamin:Chalcopyrite Chalcopyrite somamin:Chalcosiderite Chalcosiderite somamin:Chalcostibite Chalcostibite somamin:Chalcothallite Chalcothallite somamin:Chalcotrichite Chalcotrichite somamin:Challacolloite Challacolloite somamin:Chalmersite Chalmersite somamin:Chalybite Chalybite somamin:Chambersite Chambersite somamin:Chameanite Chameanite somamin:Chamosite Chamosite somamin:Changbaiite Changbaiite somamin:Changchengite Changchengite somamin:Changoite Changoite somamin:Chantalite Chantalite somamin:Chaoite Chaoite somamin:Chapmanite Chapmanite somamin:Charlesite Charlesite somamin:Charmarite_2H Charmarite-2H somamin:Charmarite_3T Charmarite-3T somamin:Charoite Charoite somamin:Chatkalite Chatkalite somamin:Chaux Chaux somamin:Chayesite Chayesite somamin:Chazellite Chazellite somamin:Chegemite Chegemite somamin:Chekhovichite Chekhovichite somamin:Chelkarite Chelkarite somamin:Chelyabinskite Chelyabinskite somamin:Chenevixite Chenevixite somamin:Chengdeite Chengdeite somamin:Chenguodaite Chenguodaite somamin:Chenite Chenite somamin:Cheralite_Ce Cheralite (Ce) somamin:Cheremnykhite Cheremnykhite somamin:Cherepanovite Cherepanovite somamin:Chernikovite Chernikovite somamin:Chernovite_Ce Chernovite (Ce) somamin:Chernovite_Y Chernovite (Y) somamin:Chernykhite Chernykhite somamin:Chert Chert somamin:Chervetite Chervetite somamin:Chesnokovite Chesnokovite somamin:Chessexite Chessexite somamin:Chessylite Chessylite somamin:Chesterite Chesterite somamin:Chestermanite Chestermanite somamin:Chevkinite_Ce Chevkinite (Ce) somamin:Chiastolite Chiastolite somamin:Chiavennite Chiavennite somamin:Childrenite Childrenite somamin:Chiluite Chiluite somamin:Chilunite Chilunite somamin:Chinglusuite Chinglusuite somamin:Chinkolobwite Chinkolobwite somamin:Chinoite Chinoite somamin:Chiolite Chiolite somamin:Chistyakovaite Chistyakovaite somamin:Chistyakovaite_Y Chistyakovaite (Y) somamin:Chivruaiite Chivruaiite somamin:Chkalovite Chkalovite somamin:Chladniite Chladniite somamin:Chloanthite Chloanthite somamin:Chloraluminite Chloraluminite somamin:Chlorapatite Chlorapatite somamin:Chlorargyrite Chlorargyrite somamin:Chlorartinite Chlorartinite somamin:Chlorbartonite Chlorbartonite somamin:Chlorellestadite Chlorellestadite somamin:Chlorite Chlorite somamin:Chloritite_alpha Chloritite alpha somamin:Chloritoid Chloritoid somamin:Chlormagaluminite Chlormagaluminite somamin:Chlormanasseite Chlormanasseite somamin:Chlormanganokalite Chlormanganokalite somamin:Chloro_potassichastingsite Chloro-potassichastingsite somamin:Chlorocalcite Chlorocalcite somamin:Chlorohastingsite_K Chlorohastingsite-K somamin:Chloromagnesite Chloromagnesite somamin:Chloromenite Chloromenite somamin:Chloropal Chloropal somamin:Chloroparagasite Chloroparagasite somamin:Chlorophoenicite Chlorophoenicite somamin:Chlorothionite Chlorothionite somamin:Chlorotile Chlorotile somamin:Chloroxiphite Chloroxiphite somamin:Choloalite Choloalite somamin:Chondrodite Chondrodite somamin:Chopinite Chopinite somamin:Chrisstanleyite Chrisstanleyite somamin:Christelite Christelite somamin:Christite Christite somamin:Chromatite Chromatite somamin:Chrombismite Chrombismite somamin:Chromceladonite Chromceladonite somamin:Chromdravite Chromdravite somamin:Chrome_iron_ore Chrome iron ore somamin:Chromferide Chromferide somamin:Chromic_iron Chromic iron somamin:Chromite Chromite somamin:Chromium Chromium somamin:Chromium_Garnet Chromium Garnet somamin:Chromphyllite Chromphyllite somamin:Chrompicotite Chrompicotite somamin:Chrysoberyl Chrysoberyl somamin:Chrysocolla Chrysocolla somamin:Chrysolite Chrysolite somamin:Chrysoprase Chrysoprase somamin:Chrysotile Chrysotile somamin:Chubutite Chubutite somamin:Chudobaite Chudobaite somamin:Chukanovite Chukanovite somamin:Chukhrovite_Ce Chukhrovite (Ce) somamin:Chukhrovite_Nd Chukhrovite (Nd) somamin:Chukhrovite_Y Chukhrovite (Y) somamin:Churchite_Dy Churchite (Dy) somamin:Churchite_Nd Churchite (Nd) somamin:Churchite_Y Churchite (Y) somamin:Chursinite Chursinite somamin:Chvaleticeite Chvaleticeite somamin:Chvilevaite Chvilevaite somamin:Cianciulliite Cianciulliite somamin:Cinabre Cinabre somamin:Cinnabar Cinnabar somamin:Ciprianiite Ciprianiite somamin:Citrine Citrine somamin:Clairite Clairite somamin:Claraite Claraite somamin:Claringbullite Claringbullite somamin:Clarkeite Clarkeite somamin:Claudetite Claudetite somamin:Clausthalite Clausthalite somamin:Clearcreekite Clearcreekite somamin:Clerite Clerite somamin:Cleusonite Cleusonite somamin:Clevelandite Clevelandite somamin:Cliachite Cliachite somamin:Cliffordite Cliffordite somamin:Clinoatacamite Clinoatacamite somamin:Clinobarylite Clinobarylite somamin:Clinobehoite Clinobehoite somamin:Clinobirnessite Clinobirnessite somamin:Clinobisvanite Clinobisvanite somamin:Clinocervantite Clinocervantite somamin:Clinochalcomenite Clinochalcomenite somamin:Clinochlore Clinochlore somamin:Clinochrysotile Clinochrysotile somamin:Clinoclase Clinoclase somamin:Clinoenstatite Clinoenstatite somamin:Clinoferroholmquistite Clinoferroholmquistite somamin:Clinoferrosilite Clinoferrosilite somamin:Clinohedrite Clinohedrite somamin:Clinoholmquistite Clinoholmquistite somamin:Clinohumite Clinohumite somamin:Clinohydroxylapatite Clinohydroxylapatite somamin:Clinohypersthene Clinohypersthene somamin:Clinojimthompsonite Clinojimthompsonite somamin:Clinokurchatovite Clinokurchatovite somamin:Clinomimetite Clinomimetite somamin:Clinophosinaite Clinophosinaite somamin:Clinoptilolite Clinoptilolite somamin:Clinoptilolite_Ca Clinoptilolite-Ca somamin:Clinoptilolite_K Clinoptilolite-K somamin:Clinoptilolite_Na Clinoptilolite-Na somamin:Clinosafflorite Clinosafflorite somamin:Clinotobermorite Clinotobermorite somamin:Clinotyrolite Clinotyrolite somamin:Clinoungemachite Clinoungemachite somamin:Clinozoisite Clinozoisite somamin:Clinozoisite_Sr Clinozoisite (Sr) somamin:Clintonite Clintonite somamin:Cloncurryite Cloncurryite somamin:Coalingite Coalingite somamin:Cobalt_Bloom Cobalt Bloom somamin:Cobalt_pentlandite Cobalt pentlandite somamin:Cobalt_zippeite Cobalt-zippeite somamin:Cobaltarthurite Cobaltarthurite somamin:Cobaltaustinite Cobaltaustinite somamin:Cobaltian_Arsenopyrite Cobaltian Arsenopyrite somamin:Cobaltian_Malanite Cobaltian Malanite somamin:Cobaltian_Pyrite Cobaltian Pyrite somamin:Cobaltite Cobaltite somamin:Cobaltkieserite Cobaltkieserite somamin:Cobaltkoritnigite Cobaltkoritnigite somamin:Cobaltlotharmeyerite Cobaltlotharmeyerite somamin:Cobaltmalanite Cobaltmalanite somamin:Cobaltneustadtelite Cobaltneustadtelite somamin:Cobaltocalcite Cobaltocalcite somamin:Cobaltokoritnigite Cobaltokoritnigite somamin:Cobaltomenite Cobaltomenite somamin:Cobaltpentlandite Cobaltpentlandite somamin:Cobalttsumcorite Cobalttsumcorite somamin:Cobaltzippeite Cobaltzippeite somamin:Coccinite Coccinite somamin:Cochromite Cochromite somamin:Cocinerite Cocinerite somamin:Coconinoite Coconinoite somamin:Coeruleolactite Coeruleolactite somamin:Coesite Coesite somamin:Coffinite Coffinite somamin:Cohenite Cohenite somamin:Coiraite Coiraite somamin:Colbalt_Vitrol Colbalt Vitrol somamin:Colbaltian_wad Colbaltian wad somamin:Colemanite Colemanite somamin:Colerainite Colerainite somamin:Colimaite Colimaite somamin:Collinsite Collinsite somamin:Collophane Collophane somamin:Coloradoite Coloradoite somamin:Colquiriite Colquiriite somamin:Coltan Coltan somamin:Columbite_Fe Columbite (Fe) somamin:Columbite_Mg Columbite (Mg) somamin:Columbite_Mn Columbite (Mn) somamin:Columbite_Tantalite Columbite-Tantalite somamin:Colusite Colusite somamin:Comancheite Comancheite somamin:Combeite Combeite somamin:Comblainite Comblainite somamin:Common_asbestos Common asbestos somamin:Compreignacite Compreignacite somamin:Comuccite Comuccite somamin:Congolite Congolite somamin:Conichalcite Conichalcite somamin:Conifeite Conifeite somamin:Connellite Connellite somamin:Cookeite Cookeite somamin:Coombsite Coombsite somamin:Cooperite Cooperite somamin:Coparsite Coparsite somamin:Copiapite Copiapite somamin:Copper Copper somamin:Copperas Copperas somamin:Coquandite Coquandite somamin:Coquimbite Coquimbite somamin:Corderoite Corderoite somamin:Cordierite Cordierite somamin:Cordylite_Ce Cordylite (Ce) somamin:Corkite Corkite somamin:Cornetite Cornetite somamin:Cornubite Cornubite somamin:Cornwallite Cornwallite somamin:Coronadite Coronadite somamin:Coronene Coronene somamin:Corrensite Corrensite somamin:Corundum Corundum somamin:Corvusite Corvusite somamin:Cosalite Cosalite somamin:Coskrenite_Ce Coskrenite (Ce) somamin:Cosmochlore Cosmochlore somamin:Cossyrite Cossyrite somamin:Costibite Costibite somamin:Cotton_stone Cotton stone somamin:Cotunnite Cotunnite somamin:Coulsonite Coulsonite somamin:Cousinite Cousinite somamin:Coutinhite Coutinhite somamin:Coutinhoite Coutinhoite somamin:Coutinite Coutinite somamin:Covelline Covelline somamin:Covellite Covellite somamin:Cowlesite Cowlesite somamin:Coyoteite Coyoteite somamin:Crandallite Crandallite somamin:Crawfordite Crawfordite somamin:Creaseyite Creaseyite somamin:Crednerite Crednerite somamin:Creedite Creedite somamin:Crerarite Crerarite somamin:Crestmoreite Crestmoreite somamin:Crichtonite Crichtonite somamin:Criddleite Criddleite somamin:Cristobalite Cristobalite somamin:Crocidolite Crocidolite somamin:Crocoite Crocoite somamin:Cromfordite Cromfordite somamin:Cronstedtite Cronstedtite somamin:Cronusite Cronusite somamin:Crookesite Crookesite somamin:Crossite Crossite somamin:Cryolite Cryolite somamin:Cryolithionite Cryolithionite somamin:Cryptohalite Cryptohalite somamin:Cryptomelane Cryptomelane somamin:Cryptophyllite Cryptophyllite somamin:Csiklovaite Csiklovaite somamin:Cualstibite Cualstibite somamin:Cubanite Cubanite somamin:Cuboargyrite Cuboargyrite somamin:Cuivre Cuivre somamin:Cumengeite Cumengeite somamin:Cumengite Cumengite somamin:Cummingtonite Cummingtonite somamin:Cupalite Cupalite somamin:Cuprite Cuprite somamin:Cuproadamite Cuproadamite somamin:Cuproartinite_Cu Cuproartinite-Cu somamin:Cuprobismutite Cuprobismutite somamin:Cuprocopiapite Cuprocopiapite somamin:Cuprodescloizite Cuprodescloizite somamin:Cuprofaustite Cuprofaustite somamin:Cuproiridsite Cuproiridsite somamin:Cupromakovickyite Cupromakovickyite somamin:Cupropavonite Cupropavonite somamin:Cupropearceite Cupropearceite somamin:Cupropolybasite Cupropolybasite somamin:Cuprorhodsite Cuprorhodsite somamin:Cuprorivaite Cuprorivaite somamin:Cuproscheelite Cuproscheelite somamin:Cuprosklodowskite Cuprosklodowskite somamin:Cuprospinel Cuprospinel somamin:Cuprostibite Cuprostibite somamin:Cuprotungstite Cuprotungstite somamin:Curetonite Curetonite somamin:Curienite Curienite somamin:Curite Curite somamin:Curtisite Curtisite somamin:Cuspidine Cuspidine somamin:Custerite Custerite somamin:Cuzticite Cuzticite somamin:Cyanochroite Cyanochroite somamin:Cyanophyllite Cyanophyllite somamin:Cyanotrichite Cyanotrichite somamin:Cylindrite Cylindrite somamin:Cymrite Cymrite somamin:Cyrilovite Cyrilovite somamin:Cyrtolite Cyrtolite somamin:DAnsite DAnsite somamin:Dachiardite Dachiardite somamin:Dachiardite_Ca Dachiardite-Ca somamin:Dachiardite_Na Dachiardite-Na somamin:Dadsonite Dadsonite somamin:Dahllite Dahllite somamin:Dalyite Dalyite somamin:Damaraite Damaraite somamin:Damiaoite Damiaoite somamin:Danalite Danalite somamin:Danbaite Danbaite somamin:Danburite Danburite somamin:Danielsite Danielsite somamin:Dannemorite Dannemorite somamin:Daomanite Daomanite somamin:Daphnite Daphnite somamin:Daqingshanite_Ce Daqingshanite (Ce) somamin:Darapiosite Darapiosite somamin:Darapskite Darapskite somamin:Dark_Red_Silver_Ore Dark Red Silver Ore somamin:Dashkesanite Dashkesanite somamin:Dashkovaite Dashkovaite somamin:Datolite Datolite somamin:Daubreeite Daubreeite somamin:Daubreelite Daubreelite somamin:Davanite Davanite somamin:Davidite_Ce Davidite (Ce) somamin:Davidite_La Davidite (La) somamin:Davisite Davisite somamin:Davisonite Davisonite somamin:Davreuxite Davreuxite somamin:Davyne Davyne somamin:Dawsonite Dawsonite somamin:Dayingite Dayingite somamin:Deanesmithite Deanesmithite somamin:Decrespignyite_Y Decrespignyite (Y) somamin:Deerite Deerite somamin:Defernite Defernite somamin:Dehrnite Dehrnite somamin:Delafossite Delafossite somamin:Delessite Delessite somamin:Delhayelite Delhayelite somamin:Deliensite Deliensite somamin:Delindeite Delindeite somamin:Dellaite Dellaite somamin:Dellaventuraite Dellaventuraite somamin:Deloneite_Ce Deloneite (Ce) somamin:Delorenzite Delorenzite somamin:Deloryite Deloryite somamin:Delrioite Delrioite somamin:Deltaite Deltaite somamin:Delvauxite Delvauxite somamin:Demantoid Demantoid somamin:Demartinite Demartinite somamin:Demesmaekerite Demesmaekerite somamin:Demicheleite_Br Demicheleite (Br) somamin:Demicheleite_Cl Demicheleite (Cl) somamin:Denisovite Denisovite somamin:Denningite Denningite somamin:Dennisonite Dennisonite somamin:Deoderant_Stone Deoderant Stone somamin:Derbylite Derbylite somamin:Derriksite Derriksite somamin:Dervillite Dervillite somamin:Desaulsite Desaulsite somamin:Desautelsite Desautelsite somamin:Descloizite Descloizite somamin:Desmine Desmine somamin:Desourdyite Desourdyite somamin:Despujolsite Despujolsite somamin:Dessauite Dessauite somamin:Destinezite Destinezite somamin:Devilline Devilline somamin:Dewalquite Dewalquite somamin:Deweylite Deweylite somamin:Dewindtite Dewindtite somamin:Diaboleite Diaboleite somamin:Diadochite Diadochite somamin:Dialogite Dialogite somamin:Diamond Diamond somamin:Diaoyudaoite Diaoyudaoite somamin:Diaphorite Diaphorite somamin:Diaspore Diaspore somamin:Dichroite Dichroite somamin:Dickinsonite Dickinsonite somamin:Dickinsonite_KMnNa Dickinsonite (KMnNa) somamin:Dickinsonite_KNa Dickinsonite (KNa) somamin:Dickinsonite_KNaNa Dickinsonite (KNaNa) somamin:Dickinsonite_NaNa Dickinsonite (NaNa) somamin:Dickite Dickite somamin:Dickthomssenite Dickthomssenite somamin:Dienerite Dienerite somamin:Dietrichite Dietrichite somamin:Dietzeite Dietzeite somamin:Digenite Digenite somamin:Dihydrite Dihydrite somamin:Dilithium Dilithium somamin:Dillage Dillage somamin:Dimorphite Dimorphite somamin:Dingdaohengite_Ce Dingdaohengite (Ce) somamin:Dinite Dinite somamin:Diomignite Diomignite somamin:Diopside Diopside somamin:Dioptase Dioptase somamin:Direnzoite Direnzoite somamin:Dissakisite_Ce Dissakisite (Ce) somamin:Dissakisite_La Dissakisite (La) somamin:Disthene Disthene somamin:Dittmarite Dittmarite somamin:Diversilite_Ce Diversilite (Ce) somamin:Dixenite Dixenite somamin:Djalmaite Djalmaite somamin:Djerfisherite Djerfisherite somamin:Djurleite Djurleite somamin:Dmisteinbergite Dmisteinbergite somamin:Dmitryivanovite Dmitryivanovite somamin:Dolerophanite Dolerophanite somamin:Dollaseite_Ce Dollaseite (Ce) somamin:Dolomite Dolomite somamin:Doloresite Doloresite somamin:Domeykite Domeykite somamin:Donathite Donathite somamin:Donbassite Donbassite somamin:Donharrisite Donharrisite somamin:Donnayite_Y Donnayite (Y) somamin:Donpeacorite Donpeacorite somamin:Dorallcharite Dorallcharite somamin:Dorfmanite Dorfmanite somamin:Dorrite Dorrite somamin:Doughtyite Doughtyite somamin:Douglasite Douglasite somamin:Doverite Doverite somamin:Dovyrenite Dovyrenite somamin:Downeyite Downeyite somamin:Doyleite Doyleite somamin:Dozyite Dozyite somamin:Dravite Dravite somamin:Dresserite Dresserite somamin:Dreyerite Dreyerite somamin:Droninoite Droninoite somamin:Drugmanite Drugmanite somamin:Drysdallite Drysdallite somamin:Dualite Dualite somamin:Dufrenite Dufrenite somamin:Dufrenoysite Dufrenoysite somamin:Duftite_alpha Duftite-alpha somamin:Duftite_beta Duftite-beta somamin:Dugganite Dugganite somamin:Duhamelite Duhamelite somamin:Dukeite Dukeite somamin:Dumontite Dumontite somamin:Dumortierite Dumortierite somamin:Dundasite Dundasite somamin:Dunhamite Dunhamite somamin:Durangite Durangite somamin:Duranusite Duranusite somamin:Durdenite Durdenite somamin:Dusmatovite Dusmatovite somamin:Dussertite Dussertite somamin:Duttonite Duttonite somamin:Dwornikite Dwornikite somamin:Dypingite Dypingite somamin:Dysanalyte_Nb Dysanalyte (Nb) somamin:Dyscrasite Dyscrasite somamin:Dzhalindite Dzhalindite somamin:Dzharkenite Dzharkenite somamin:Dzhezkazganite Dzhezkazganite somamin:Eakerite Eakerite somamin:Eakleite Eakleite somamin:Eardleyite Eardleyite somamin:Earlandite Earlandite somamin:Earlshannonite Earlshannonite somamin:Eastonite Eastonite somamin:Ecandrewsite Ecandrewsite somamin:Ecdemite Ecdemite somamin:Echellite Echellite somamin:Eckermannite Eckermannite somamin:Eclarite Eclarite somamin:Edenharterite Edenharterite somamin:Edenite Edenite somamin:Edgarbaileyite Edgarbaileyite somamin:Edgarite Edgarite somamin:Edingtonite Edingtonite somamin:Edoylerite Edoylerite somamin:Effenbergerite Effenbergerite somamin:Efremovite Efremovite somamin:Eggletonite Eggletonite somamin:Eggonite Eggonite somamin:Eglestonite Eglestonite somamin:Egueiite Egueiite somamin:Ehlite Ehlite somamin:Ehrleite Ehrleite somamin:Eichwaldite Eichwaldite somamin:Eifelite Eifelite somamin:Eirikite Eirikite somamin:Eisen Eisen somamin:Eitelite Eitelite somamin:Ekanite Ekanite somamin:Ekaterinite Ekaterinite somamin:Ekatite Ekatite somamin:Ekmanite Ekmanite somamin:Elaeolite Elaeolite somamin:Elbaite Elbaite somamin:Eldfellite Eldfellite somamin:Electrum Electrum somamin:Elfstorpite Elfstorpite somamin:Ellenbergerite Ellenbergerite somamin:Ellestadite Ellestadite somamin:Ellestadite_Cl Ellestadite (Cl) somamin:Ellestadite_F Ellestadite (F) somamin:Ellestadite_OH Ellestadite (OH) somamin:Ellisite Ellisite somamin:Ellsworthite Ellsworthite somamin:Elpasolite Elpasolite somamin:Elpidite Elpidite somamin:Elsmoreite Elsmoreite somamin:Elyite Elyite somamin:Embolite Embolite somamin:Embreyite Embreyite somamin:Emeleusite Emeleusite somamin:Emerald Emerald somamin:Emilite Emilite somamin:Emmonsite Emmonsite somamin:Emplectite Emplectite somamin:Empressite Empressite somamin:Enargite Enargite somamin:Endellionite Endellionite somamin:Endellite Endellite somamin:Endlichite Endlichite somamin:Englishite Englishite somamin:Enstatite Enstatite somamin:Eosphorite Eosphorite somamin:Ephesite Ephesite somamin:Epidesmine Epidesmine somamin:Epididymite Epididymite somamin:Epidote Epidote somamin:Epidote_Pb Epidote (Pb) somamin:Epidote_Sr Epidote (Sr) somamin:Epistilbite Epistilbite somamin:Epistolite Epistolite somamin:Epsom_Salts Epsom Salts somamin:Epsomite Epsomite somamin:Ercitite Ercitite somamin:Erdite Erdite somamin:Eremeyevite Eremeyevite somamin:Ericaite Ericaite somamin:Ericssonite Ericssonite somamin:Erie Erie somamin:Erinite Erinite somamin:Eriochalcite Eriochalcite somamin:Erionite_Ca Erionite-Ca somamin:Erionite_K Erionite-K somamin:Erionite_Na Erionite-Na somamin:Erlianite Erlianite somamin:Erlichmanite Erlichmanite somamin:Ernienickelite Ernienickelite somamin:Erniggliite Erniggliite somamin:Ernstite Ernstite somamin:Ershovite Ershovite somamin:Ertixiite Ertixiite somamin:Erythrite Erythrite somamin:Erythrosiderite Erythrosiderite somamin:Eschynite Eschynite somamin:Eskebornite Eskebornite somamin:Eskimoite Eskimoite somamin:Eskolaite Eskolaite somamin:Esmeraldaite Esmeraldaite somamin:Esmeraldite Esmeraldite somamin:Esperanzaite Esperanzaite somamin:Esperite Esperite somamin:Esseneite Esseneite somamin:Ethanamide Ethanamide somamin:Ettringite Ettringite somamin:Eucairite Eucairite somamin:Euchlorine Euchlorine somamin:Euchroite Euchroite somamin:Euclase Euclase somamin:Eucryptite Eucryptite somamin:Eudialyte Eudialyte somamin:Eudidymite Eudidymite somamin:Eugenite Eugenite somamin:Eugsterite Eugsterite somamin:Eulytine Eulytine somamin:Eulytite Eulytite somamin:Euxenite_Y Euxenite (Y) somamin:Evansite Evansite somamin:Evaporite evaporite true misspelled term/IRI somamin:Eveite Eveite somamin:Evenkite Evenkite somamin:Eveslogite Eveslogite somamin:Ewaldite Ewaldite somamin:Eylettersite Eylettersite somamin:Eyselite Eyselite somamin:Ezcurrite Ezcurrite somamin:Eztlite Eztlite somamin:Fabianite Fabianite somamin:Facellite Facellite somamin:Faheyite Faheyite somamin:Fahleite Fahleite somamin:Fairbankite Fairbankite somamin:Fairchildite Fairchildite somamin:Fairfieldite Fairfieldite somamin:Faizievite Faizievite somamin:Falcondoite Falcondoite somamin:Falkmanite Falkmanite somamin:False_Galena False Galena somamin:Famatinite Famatinite somamin:Fangite Fangite somamin:Farneseite Farneseite somamin:Farringtonite Farringtonite somamin:Fassaite Fassaite somamin:Faujasite Faujasite somamin:Faujasite_Ca Faujasite-Ca somamin:Faujasite_Mg Faujasite-Mg somamin:Faujasite_Na Faujasite-Na somamin:Faustite Faustite somamin:Fava_pebbles Fava pebbles somamin:Fayalite Fayalite somamin:Feather_Alum Feather Alum somamin:Fedorite Fedorite somamin:Fedorovskite Fedorovskite somamin:Fedotovite Fedotovite somamin:Feinglosite Feinglosite somamin:Feitknechtite Feitknechtite somamin:Feklichevite Feklichevite somamin:Felbertalite Felbertalite somamin:Feldspar feldspar somamin:Felsobanyaite Felsobanyaite somamin:Fenaksite Fenaksite somamin:Fencooperite Fencooperite somamin:Fer Fer somamin:Ferberite Ferberite somamin:Ferchromide Ferchromide somamin:Ferdisilicite Ferdisilicite somamin:Fergusonite_Ce Fergusonite (Ce) somamin:Fergusonite_Nd Fergusonite (Nd) somamin:Fergusonite_Y Fergusonite (Y) somamin:Fergusonite_beta_Ce Fergusonite-beta (Ce) somamin:Fergusonite_beta_Nd Fergusonite-beta (Nd) somamin:Fergusonite_beta_Y Fergusonite-beta (Y) somamin:Fermorite Fermorite somamin:Fernandinite Fernandinite somamin:Feroxyhyte Feroxyhyte somamin:Ferrarisite Ferrarisite somamin:Ferrazite Ferrazite somamin:Ferri_annite Ferri-annite somamin:Ferri_arrojadite_BaNa Ferri-arrojadite (BaNa) somamin:Ferri_clinoferroholmquistite Ferri-clinoferroholmquistite somamin:Ferri_clinoholmquistite Ferri-clinoholmquistite somamin:Ferri_ferrobarroisite Ferri-ferrobarroisite somamin:Ferri_ferrotschermakite Ferri-ferrotschermakite somamin:Ferri_magnesiotaramite Ferri-magnesiotaramite somamin:Ferri_ottoliniite Ferri-ottoliniite somamin:Ferri_phlogopite Ferri-phlogopite somamin:Ferriallanite_Ce Ferriallanite (Ce) somamin:Ferriannite Ferriannite somamin:Ferribarroisite Ferribarroisite somamin:Ferribiotite Ferribiotite somamin:Ferribrackebushite Ferribrackebushite somamin:Ferric_ferronyboite Ferric-ferronyboite somamin:Ferric_nyboite Ferric-nyboite somamin:Ferrichromite Ferrichromite somamin:Ferricopiapite Ferricopiapite somamin:Ferridravite Ferridravite somamin:Ferrierite Ferrierite somamin:Ferrierite_K Ferrierite-K somamin:Ferrierite_Mg Ferrierite-Mg somamin:Ferrierite_Na Ferrierite-Na somamin:Ferrihydrite Ferrihydrite somamin:Ferrikatophorite Ferrikatophorite somamin:Ferrilotharmeyerite Ferrilotharmeyerite somamin:Ferrimolybdite Ferrimolybdite somamin:Ferrinatrite Ferrinatrite somamin:Ferripedrizite Ferripedrizite somamin:Ferripyrophyllite Ferripyrophyllite somamin:Ferrisadanagaite_K Ferrisadanagaite-K somamin:Ferrisicklerite Ferrisicklerite somamin:Ferristilpnomelane Ferristilpnomelane somamin:Ferristrunzite Ferristrunzite somamin:Ferrisurite Ferrisurite somamin:Ferrisymplesite Ferrisymplesite somamin:Ferritaramite Ferritaramite somamin:Ferritschermakite Ferritschermakite somamin:Ferritungstite Ferritungstite somamin:Ferriwhittakerite Ferriwhittakerite somamin:Ferriwinchite Ferriwinchite somamin:Ferro_actinolite Ferro-actinolite somamin:Ferro_alluaudite Ferro-alluaudite somamin:Ferro_aluminoceladonite Ferro-aluminoceladonite somamin:Ferro_aluminotschermakite Ferro-aluminotschermakite somamin:Ferro_anthophyllite Ferro-anthophyllite somamin:Ferro_eckermannite Ferro-eckermannite somamin:Ferro_edenite Ferro-edenite somamin:Ferroalluaudite Ferroalluaudite somamin:Ferroaluminoceladonite Ferroaluminoceladonite somamin:Ferroaxinite Ferroaxinite somamin:Ferrobarroisite Ferrobarroisite somamin:Ferrobustamite Ferrobustamite somamin:Ferrocarpholite Ferrocarpholite somamin:Ferroceladonite Ferroceladonite somamin:Ferrochloropargasite Ferrochloropargasite somamin:Ferroclinoholmquistite Ferroclinoholmquistite somamin:Ferrocolumbite Ferrocolumbite somamin:Ferroferribarroisite Ferroferribarroisite somamin:Ferroferritschermakite Ferroferritschermakite somamin:Ferroferriwinchite Ferroferriwinchite somamin:Ferrogedrite Ferrogedrite somamin:Ferroglaucophane Ferroglaucophane somamin:Ferrohagendorfite Ferrohagendorfite somamin:Ferrohexahydrite Ferrohexahydrite somamin:Ferrohogbomite_2N2S Ferrohogbomite-2N2S somamin:Ferroholmquistite Ferroholmquistite somamin:Ferrohornblende Ferrohornblende somamin:Ferrokaersutite Ferrokaersutite somamin:Ferrokentbrooksite Ferrokentbrooksite somamin:Ferrokesterite Ferrokesterite somamin:Ferrokinoshitalite Ferrokinoshitalite somamin:Ferrolaueite Ferrolaueite somamin:Ferroleakeite Ferroleakeite somamin:Ferromerrillite Ferromerrillite somamin:Ferronickelplatinum Ferronickelplatinum somamin:Ferronigerite_2N1S Ferronigerite-2N1S somamin:Ferronigerite_6N6S Ferronigerite-6N6S somamin:Ferronordite_Ce Ferronordite (Ce) somamin:Ferronordite_La Ferronordite (La) somamin:Ferronyboite Ferronyboite somamin:Ferropargasite Ferropargasite somamin:Ferropumpellyite Ferropumpellyite somamin:Ferropyrosmalite Ferropyrosmalite somamin:Ferrorhodsite Ferrorhodsite somamin:Ferrorichterite Ferrorichterite somamin:Ferrorosemaryite Ferrorosemaryite somamin:Ferrosaponite Ferrosaponite somamin:Ferroschallerite Ferroschallerite somamin:Ferroselite Ferroselite somamin:Ferrosilite Ferrosilite somamin:Ferroskutterudite Ferroskutterudite somamin:Ferrostilpnomelane Ferrostilpnomelane somamin:Ferrostrunzite Ferrostrunzite somamin:Ferrotaaffeite_6N3S Ferrotaaffeite-6N3S somamin:Ferrotantalite Ferrotantalite somamin:Ferrotapiolite Ferrotapiolite somamin:Ferrotitanowodginite Ferrotitanowodginite somamin:Ferrotschermakite Ferrotschermakite somamin:Ferrotychite Ferrotychite somamin:Ferrowinchite Ferrowinchite somamin:Ferrowodginite Ferrowodginite somamin:Ferrowyllieite Ferrowyllieite somamin:Ferruccite Ferruccite somamin:Fersilicite Fersilicite somamin:Fersmanite Fersmanite somamin:Fersmite Fersmite somamin:Feruvite Feruvite somamin:Fervanite Fervanite somamin:Fetiasite Fetiasite somamin:Fettelite Fettelite somamin:Fianelite Fianelite somamin:Fibroferrite Fibroferrite somamin:Fibrolite Fibrolite somamin:Fichtelite Fichtelite somamin:Fiedlerite Fiedlerite somamin:Filatovite Filatovite somamin:Filipstadite Filipstadite somamin:Fillowite Fillowite somamin:Fingerite Fingerite somamin:Finnemanite Finnemanite somamin:Fischesserite Fischesserite somamin:Fizelyite Fizelyite somamin:Flagstaffite Flagstaffite somamin:Fleischerite Fleischerite somamin:Fletcherite Fletcherite somamin:Flinkite Flinkite somamin:Flint Flint somamin:Florencite_Ce Florencite (Ce) somamin:Florencite_La Florencite (La) somamin:Florencite_Nd Florencite (Nd) somamin:Florenskyite Florenskyite somamin:Florensovite Florensovite somamin:Florkeite Florkeite somamin:Fluckite Fluckite somamin:Fluellite Fluellite somamin:Fluoborite Fluoborite somamin:Fluocerite Fluocerite somamin:Fluocerite_Ce Fluocerite (Ce) somamin:Fluocerite_La Fluocerite (La) somamin:Fluor_Spar Fluor Spar somamin:Fluor_edenite Fluor edenite somamin:Fluorannite Fluorannite somamin:Fluorapatite Fluorapatite somamin:Fluorapophyllite Fluorapophyllite somamin:Fluorarrojadite_BaFe Fluorarrojadite (BaFe) somamin:Fluorarrojadite_BaNa Fluorarrojadite (BaNa) somamin:Fluorarrojadite_KNa Fluorarrojadite (KNa) somamin:Fluorbritholite_Ce Fluorbritholite (Ce) somamin:Fluorcalciobritholite Fluorcalciobritholite somamin:Fluorcanasite Fluorcanasite somamin:Fluorcaphite Fluorcaphite somamin:Fluorellestadite Fluorellestadite somamin:Fluorite Fluorite somamin:Fluornatromicrolite Fluornatromicrolite somamin:Fluoro_alumino_magnesiotaramite Fluoro-alumino-magnesiotaramite somamin:Fluoro_edenite Fluoro-edenite somamin:Fluoro_ferroleakeite Fluoro-ferroleakeite somamin:Fluoro_magnesio_arfvedsonite Fluoro-magnesio-arfvedsonite somamin:Fluoro_magnesiohastingsite Fluoro-magnesiohastingsite somamin:Fluoro_potassichastingsite Fluoro-potassichastingsite somamin:Fluoro_sodic_pedrizite Fluoro-sodic-pedrizite somamin:Fluorocannilloite Fluorocannilloite somamin:Fluoronyboite Fluoronyboite somamin:Fluoropargasite Fluoropargasite somamin:Fluorophlogopite Fluorophlogopite somamin:Fluororichterite Fluororichterite somamin:Fluorthalenite_Y Fluorthalenite (Y) somamin:Fluorvesuvianite Fluorvesuvianite somamin:Fluosiderite Fluosiderite somamin:Foggite Foggite somamin:Foitite Foitite somamin:Fontanite Fontanite somamin:Fools_Gold Fools Gold somamin:Foordite Foordite somamin:Footeite Footeite somamin:Footemineite Footemineite somamin:Formanite_Y Formanite (Y) somamin:Formicaite Formicaite somamin:Fornacite Fornacite somamin:Forsterite Forsterite somamin:Foshagite Foshagite somamin:Foshallasite Foshallasite somamin:Fougerite Fougerite somamin:Fourmarierite Fourmarierite somamin:Fowlerite Fowlerite somamin:Fraipontite Fraipontite somamin:Francevillite Francevillite somamin:Franciscanite_III Franciscanite-III somamin:Franciscanite_VIII Franciscanite-VIII somamin:Francisite Francisite somamin:Franckeite Franckeite somamin:Francoanellite Francoanellite somamin:Francoisite_Ce Francoisite (Ce) somamin:Francoisite_Nd Francoisite (Nd) somamin:Francolite Francolite somamin:Franconite Franconite somamin:Frankamenite Frankamenite somamin:Frankdicksonite Frankdicksonite somamin:Frankhawthorneite Frankhawthorneite somamin:Franklinfurnaceite Franklinfurnaceite somamin:Franklinite Franklinite somamin:Franklinphilite Franklinphilite somamin:Fransoletite Fransoletite somamin:Franzinite Franzinite somamin:Freboldite Freboldite somamin:Fredrikssonite Fredrikssonite somamin:Freedite Freedite somamin:Freibergite Freibergite somamin:Freieslebenite Freieslebenite somamin:Fremontite Fremontite somamin:Fresnoite Fresnoite somamin:Freudenbergite Freudenbergite somamin:Friedelite Friedelite somamin:Friedrichbeckeite Friedrichbeckeite somamin:Friedrichite Friedrichite somamin:Fritzscheite Fritzscheite somamin:Fritzsches_salt Fritzsches salt somamin:Frohbergite Frohbergite somamin:Frolovite Frolovite somamin:Frondelite Frondelite somamin:Froodite Froodite somamin:Fuchsite Fuchsite somamin:Fuenzalidaite Fuenzalidaite somamin:Fukalite Fukalite somamin:Fukuchilite Fukuchilite somamin:Fulgurites Fulgurites somamin:Fullerene Fullerene somamin:Fullerite Fullerite somamin:Fuloppite Fuloppite somamin:Fundylite Fundylite somamin:Furongite Furongite somamin:Furutobeite Furutobeite somamin:Gabrielite Gabrielite somamin:Gabrielsonite Gabrielsonite somamin:Gadolinite_Ce Gadolinite (Ce) somamin:Gadolinite_Y Gadolinite (Y) somamin:Gagarinite_Y Gagarinite (Y) somamin:Gageite Gageite somamin:Gageite_2M Gageite-2M somamin:Gahnite Gahnite somamin:Gaidonnayite Gaidonnayite somamin:Gainesite Gainesite somamin:Gaitite Gaitite somamin:Galaxite Galaxite somamin:Galeite Galeite somamin:Galena Galena somamin:Galenobismutite Galenobismutite somamin:Galgenbergite_Ce Galgenbergite (Ce) somamin:Galileiite Galileiite somamin:Galkhaite Galkhaite somamin:Gallite Gallite somamin:Gallobeudantite Gallobeudantite somamin:Galmei Galmei somamin:Gamagarite Gamagarite somamin:Gananite Gananite somamin:Ganomalite Ganomalite somamin:Ganophyllite Ganophyllite somamin:Ganterite Ganterite somamin:Gaotaiite Gaotaiite somamin:Garavellite Garavellite somamin:Garnierite Garnierite somamin:Garrelsite_V Garrelsite-V somamin:Garrelsite_VIII Garrelsite-VIII somamin:Garronite Garronite somamin:Gartrellite Gartrellite somamin:Garyansellite Garyansellite somamin:Gasparite_Ce Gasparite (Ce) somamin:Gaspeite Gaspeite somamin:Gatehouseite Gatehouseite somamin:Gatelite_Ce Gatelite (Ce) somamin:Gatumbaite Gatumbaite somamin:Gaudefroyite Gaudefroyite somamin:Gaultite Gaultite somamin:Gaylussite Gaylussite somamin:Gearksutite Gearksutite somamin:Gebhardite Gebhardite somamin:Gedrite Gedrite somamin:Geerite Geerite somamin:Geffroyite Geffroyite somamin:Gehlenite Gehlenite somamin:Geigerite Geigerite somamin:Geikielite Geikielite somamin:Gelnicaite Gelnicaite somamin:Gelnicite Gelnicite somamin:Geminite Geminite somamin:Gengenbachite Gengenbachite somamin:Genkinite Genkinite somamin:Genthelvite Genthelvite somamin:Genthite Genthite somamin:Geocronite Geocronite somamin:Georgbarsanovite Georgbarsanovite somamin:Georgbokiite Georgbokiite somamin:George_ericksenite George-ericksenite somamin:Georgechaoite Georgechaoite somamin:Georgeericksenite Georgeericksenite somamin:Georgeite Georgeite somamin:Georgiadesite Georgiadesite somamin:Gerasimovskite Gerasimovskite somamin:Gerdtremmelite Gerdtremmelite somamin:Gerenite_Y Gerenite (Y) somamin:Gerhardtite Gerhardtite somamin:Germanite Germanite somamin:Germanocolusite Germanocolusite somamin:Gersdorffite Gersdorffite somamin:Gerstleyite Gerstleyite somamin:Gerstmannite Gerstmannite somamin:Getchellite Getchellite somamin:Geversite Geversite somamin:Gianellaite Gianellaite somamin:Giannettite Giannettite somamin:Gibbsite Gibbsite somamin:Giessenite Giessenite somamin:Gilalite Gilalite somamin:Gillardite Gillardite somamin:Gillespite Gillespite somamin:Gillulyite Gillulyite somamin:Gilmarite Gilmarite somamin:Giniite Giniite somamin:Ginorite Ginorite somamin:Ginzburgite Ginzburgite somamin:Giorgiosite Giorgiosite somamin:Giraudite Giraudite somamin:Girdite Girdite somamin:Girvasite Girvasite somamin:Gismondine Gismondine somamin:Gismondite Gismondite somamin:Gittinsite Gittinsite somamin:Giuseppettite Giuseppettite somamin:Gjerdingenite_Ca Gjerdingenite-Ca somamin:Gjerdingenite_Fe Gjerdingenite-Fe somamin:Gjerdingenite_Mn Gjerdingenite-Mn somamin:Gjerdingenite_Na Gjerdingenite-Na somamin:Gladite Gladite somamin:Gladiusite Gladiusite somamin:Glagolevite Glagolevite somamin:Glaserite Glaserite somamin:Glass In the scientific sense the term glass is often extended to all amorphous solids (and melts that easily form amorphous solids), including plastics, resins, or other silica-free amorphous solids. [Wikipedia] glass somamin:Glauberite Glauberite somamin:Glaubers_Salt Glaubers Salt somamin:Glaucocerinite Glaucocerinite somamin:Glaucochroite Glaucochroite somamin:Glaucodot Glaucodot somamin:Glauconite Glauconite somamin:Glaucophane Glaucophane somamin:Glaukosphaerite Glaukosphaerite somamin:Glendonite Glendonite somamin:Globosite Globosite somamin:Glucine Glucine somamin:Glushinskite Glushinskite somamin:Gmelinite Gmelinite somamin:Gmelinite_Ca Gmelinite-Ca somamin:Gmelinite_K Gmelinite-K somamin:Gmelinite_Na Gmelinite-Na somamin:Gobbinsite Gobbinsite somamin:Godlevskite Godlevskite somamin:Godovikovite Godovikovite somamin:Goedkenite Goedkenite somamin:Goergeyite Goergeyite somamin:Goethite Goethite somamin:Goetzenite Goetzenite somamin:Gold Gold somamin:Goldamalgam Goldamalgam somamin:Goldfieldite Goldfieldite somamin:Goldichite Goldichite somamin:Goldmanite Goldmanite somamin:Goldquarryite Goldquarryite somamin:Golyshevite Golyshevite somamin:Gonnardite Gonnardite somamin:Gonyerite Gonyerite somamin:Goosecreekite Goosecreekite somamin:Gorceixite Gorceixite somamin:Gordaite Gordaite somamin:Gordonite Gordonite somamin:Gorgeyite Gorgeyite somamin:Gormanite Gormanite somamin:Gortdrumite Gortdrumite somamin:Goshenite Goshenite somamin:Goslarite Goslarite somamin:Gottardiite Gottardiite somamin:Gottlobite Gottlobite somamin:Gotzenite Gotzenite somamin:Goudeyite Goudeyite somamin:Gowerite Gowerite somamin:Goyazite Goyazite somamin:Graemite Graemite somamin:Graeserite Graeserite somamin:Graftonite Graftonite somamin:Gramaccioliite_Y Gramaccioliite (Y) somamin:Grandidierite Grandidierite somamin:Grandreefite Grandreefite somamin:Grandviewite Grandviewite somamin:Grantsite Grantsite somamin:Graphite Graphite somamin:Gratonite Gratonite somamin:Grattarolaite Grattarolaite somamin:Graulichite_Ce Graulichite (Ce) somamin:Gravegliaite Gravegliaite somamin:Grayite Grayite somamin:Grechishchevite Grechishchevite somamin:Greenalite Greenalite somamin:Greenockite Greenockite somamin:Greenovite Greenovite somamin:Gregoryite Gregoryite somamin:Greifensteinite Greifensteinite somamin:Greigite Greigite somamin:Grenmarite Grenmarite somamin:Griceite Griceite somamin:Griffithite Griffithite somamin:Griffithite_Ferroan Griffithite-Ferroan somamin:Grimaldiite Grimaldiite somamin:Grimselite Grimselite somamin:Griphite Griphite somamin:Grischunite Grischunite somamin:Grossite Grossite somamin:Grossmanite Grossmanite somamin:Grossular Grossular somamin:Grossularite Grossularite somamin:Grothite Grothite somamin:Groutellite Groutellite somamin:Groutite Groutite somamin:Grovesite Grovesite somamin:Grumantite Grumantite somamin:Grumiplucite Grumiplucite somamin:Grunerite Grunerite somamin:Grunlingite Grunlingite somamin:Gruzdevite Gruzdevite somamin:Guadalcazarite_Zn Guadalcazarite(Zn) somamin:Guanacoite Guanacoite somamin:Guanajuatite Guanajuatite somamin:Guanglinite Guanglinite somamin:Guanine Guanine somamin:Guarinoite Guarinoite somamin:Gudmundite Gudmundite somamin:Guerinite Guerinite somamin:Guettardite Guettardite somamin:Gugiaite Gugiaite somamin:Guildite Guildite somamin:Guilleminite Guilleminite somamin:Guimaraesite Guimaraesite somamin:Guitermanite Guitermanite somamin:Gumbelite Gumbelite somamin:Gummite Gummite somamin:Gunningite Gunningite somamin:Gupeiite Gupeiite somamin:Gustavite Gustavite somamin:Gutkovaite_Mn Gutkovaite-Mn somamin:Gutsevichite Gutsevichite somamin:Guyanaite Guyanaite somamin:Gwihabaite Gwihabaite somamin:Gypsum Gypsum somamin:Gyrolite Gyrolite somamin:Gysinite_Nd Gysinite (Nd) somamin:Haapalaite Haapalaite somamin:Haarsalz Haarsalz somamin:Hackmanite Hackmanite somamin:Haeggite Haeggite somamin:Hafnon Hafnon somamin:Hagendorfite Hagendorfite somamin:Haggertyite Haggertyite somamin:Haggite Haggite somamin:Haidingerite Haidingerite somamin:Haigerachite Haigerachite somamin:Haineaultite Haineaultite somamin:Hainite Hainite somamin:Hair_Pyrites Hair Pyrites somamin:Haiweeite Haiweeite somamin:Hakite Hakite somamin:Haleniusite_La Haleniusite (La) somamin:Halite Halite somamin:Hallimondite Hallimondite somamin:Halloysite Halloysite somamin:Halotrichite Halotrichite somamin:Halurgite Halurgite somamin:Hamartite Hamartite somamin:Hambergite Hambergite somamin:Hamlinite Hamlinite somamin:Hammarite Hammarite somamin:Hanawaltite Hanawaltite somamin:Hancockite Hancockite somamin:Handcockite Handcockite somamin:Hanksite Hanksite somamin:Hannayite Hannayite somamin:Hannebachite Hannebachite somamin:Hapkeite Hapkeite somamin:Haradaite Haradaite somamin:Hardystonite Hardystonite somamin:Harkerite Harkerite somamin:Harmotome Harmotome somamin:Harrisonite Harrisonite somamin:Harstigite Harstigite somamin:Hartite Hartite somamin:Hashemite Hashemite somamin:Hastingsite Hastingsite somamin:Hastite Hastite somamin:Hatchettolite Hatchettolite somamin:Hatchite Hatchite somamin:Hatrurite Hatrurite somamin:Hauchecornite Hauchecornite somamin:Hauckite Hauckite somamin:Hauerite Hauerite somamin:Hausmannite Hausmannite somamin:Hauyne Hauyne somamin:Hauynite Hauynite somamin:Hawleyite Hawleyite somamin:Hawthorneite Hawthorneite somamin:Haxonite Haxonite somamin:Haycockite Haycockite somamin:Haydeeite Haydeeite somamin:Haynesite Haynesite somamin:Hazenite Hazenite somamin:Heavy_Spar Heavy Spar somamin:Heazlewoodite Heazlewoodite somamin:Hechtsbergite Hechtsbergite somamin:Hectorfloresite Hectorfloresite somamin:Hectorite Hectorite somamin:Hedenbergite Hedenbergite somamin:Hedleyite Hedleyite somamin:Hedyphane Hedyphane somamin:Heftetjernite Heftetjernite somamin:Heideite Heideite somamin:Heidornite Heidornite somamin:Heinrichite Heinrichite somamin:Hejtmanite Hejtmanite somamin:Heklaite Heklaite somamin:Heliodor Heliodor somamin:Heliophyllite Heliophyllite somamin:Hellandite Hellandite somamin:Hellandite_Ce Hellandite (Ce) somamin:Hellandite_Y Hellandite (Y) somamin:Hellyerite Hellyerite somamin:Helmutwinklerite Helmutwinklerite somamin:Helvite Helvite somamin:Hematite Hematite, also spelled as hæmatite, is the mineral form of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. Hematite crystallizes in the rhombohedral system, and it has the same crystal structure as ilmenite and as corundum. Hematite is a mineral, colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red. It is mined as the main ore of iron [Wikipedia] hematite somamin:Hematolite Hematolite somamin:Hematophanite Hematophanite somamin:Hemihedrite Hemihedrite somamin:Hemihydrate Hemihydrate somamin:Hemimorphite Hemimorphite somamin:Hemloite Hemloite somamin:Hemusite Hemusite somamin:Hendersonite Hendersonite somamin:Hendricksite Hendricksite somamin:Heneuite Heneuite somamin:Henmilite Henmilite somamin:Hennomartinite Hennomartinite somamin:Henritermierite Henritermierite somamin:Henryite Henryite somamin:Henrymeyerite Henrymeyerite somamin:Hentschelite Hentschelite somamin:Hephaistosite Hephaistosite somamin:Herbertsmithite Herbertsmithite somamin:Hercynite Hercynite somamin:Herderite Herderite somamin:Herrengrundite Herrengrundite somamin:Herschelite Herschelite somamin:Herzenbergite Herzenbergite somamin:Hessite Hessite somamin:Hessonite Hessonite somamin:Hetaerolite Hetaerolite somamin:Heterogenite_2H Heterogenite-2H somamin:Heterogenite_3R Heterogenite-3R somamin:Heteromorphite Heteromorphite somamin:Heterosite Heterosite somamin:Heulandite Heulandite somamin:Heulandite_Ba Heulandite-Ba somamin:Heulandite_Ca Heulandite-Ca somamin:Heulandite_K Heulandite-K somamin:Heulandite_Na Heulandite-Na somamin:Heulandite_Sr Heulandite-Sr somamin:Hewettite Hewettite somamin:Hexaferrum Hexaferrum somamin:Hexagonite_Mn Hexagonite (Mn) somamin:Hexahydrite Hexahydrite somamin:Hexahydroborite Hexahydroborite somamin:Hexamolybdenum Hexamolybdenum somamin:Hexatestibiopanickelite Hexatestibiopanickelite somamin:Heyite Heyite somamin:Heyrovskyite Heyrovskyite somamin:Hiarneite Hiarneite somamin:Hibbingite Hibbingite somamin:Hibonite Hibonite somamin:Hibschite Hibschite somamin:Hidalgoite Hidalgoite somamin:Hiddenite Hiddenite somamin:Hieratite Hieratite somamin:Higginsite Higginsite somamin:Hilairite Hilairite somamin:Hilgardite Hilgardite somamin:Hillebrandite Hillebrandite somamin:Hillite Hillite somamin:Hingganite_Ce Hingganite (Ce) somamin:Hingganite_Y Hingganite (Y) somamin:Hingganite_Yb Hingganite (Yb) somamin:Hinsdalite Hinsdalite somamin:Hiortdahlite Hiortdahlite somamin:Hisingerite Hisingerite somamin:Hitchcockite Hitchcockite somamin:Hocartite Hocartite somamin:Hochelagaite Hochelagaite somamin:Hodgkinsonite Hodgkinsonite somamin:Hodrushite Hodrushite somamin:Hoegbomite Hoegbomite somamin:Hoegtuvaite Hoegtuvaite somamin:Hoelite Hoelite somamin:Hoernesite Hoernesite somamin:Hoganite Hoganite somamin:Hogbomite_10T Hogbomite-10T somamin:Hogbomite_15R_18R_24R Hogbomite-15R-18R-24R somamin:Hogbomite_24R Hogbomite-24R somamin:Hogbomite_8H Hogbomite-8H somamin:Hogtuvaite Hogtuvaite somamin:Hohmannite Hohmannite somamin:Holdawayite Holdawayite somamin:Holdenite Holdenite somamin:Holfertite Holfertite somamin:Hollandite Hollandite somamin:Hollingworthite Hollingworthite somamin:Holmquistite Holmquistite somamin:Holtedahlite Holtedahlite somamin:Holtite Holtite somamin:Holtstamite Holtstamite somamin:Homilite Homilite somamin:Honessite Honessite somamin:Hongquiite Hongquiite somamin:Hongshiite Hongshiite somamin:Hopeite Hopeite somamin:Hornblende Hornblende somamin:Hornesite Hornesite somamin:Hornstone Hornstone somamin:Horobetsuite Horobetsuite somamin:Horomanite Horomanite somamin:Horsfordite Horsfordite somamin:Hortonolite Hortonolite somamin:Horvathite_Y Horvathite (Y) somamin:Hoshiite Hoshiite somamin:Hotsonite_VI Hotsonite-VI somamin:Hotsonite_VII Hotsonite-VII somamin:Howardevansite Howardevansite somamin:Howieite Howieite somamin:Howlite Howlite somamin:Hsianghualite Hsianghualite somamin:Huanghoite_Ce Huanghoite (Ce) somamin:Huangite Huangite somamin:Hubeite Hubeite somamin:Hubnerite Hubnerite somamin:Huebnerite Huebnerite somamin:Huegelite Huegelite somamin:Huemulite Huemulite somamin:Hugelite Hugelite somamin:Huhnerkobelite Huhnerkobelite somamin:Hulsite Hulsite somamin:Humberstonite Humberstonite somamin:Humboldtine Humboldtine somamin:Humite Humite somamin:Hummerite Hummerite somamin:Hunchunite Hunchunite somamin:Hundholmenite_Y Hundholmenite (Y) somamin:Hungchaoite Hungchaoite somamin:Huntite Huntite somamin:Hureaulite Hureaulite somamin:Hurlbutite Hurlbutite somamin:Hutchinsonite Hutchinsonite somamin:Huttonite Huttonite somamin:Hyacinth Hyacinth somamin:Hyalite Hyalite somamin:Hyalophane Hyalophane somamin:Hyalotekite Hyalotekite somamin:Hydrargyllite Hydrargyllite somamin:Hydroastrophyllite Hydroastrophyllite somamin:Hydrobasaluminite Hydrobasaluminite somamin:Hydrobiotite Hydrobiotite somamin:Hydroboracite Hydroboracite somamin:Hydrocalcite Hydrocalcite somamin:Hydrocalumite Hydrocalumite somamin:Hydrocerussite Hydrocerussite somamin:Hydrochlorborite Hydrochlorborite somamin:Hydrocyanite Hydrocyanite somamin:Hydrodelhayelite Hydrodelhayelite somamin:Hydrodresserite Hydrodresserite somamin:Hydrofranklinite Hydrofranklinite somamin:Hydrogen_Autunite Hydrogen Autunite somamin:Hydroglauberite Hydroglauberite somamin:Hydrogrossular Hydrogrossular somamin:Hydrohalite Hydrohalite somamin:Hydrohalloysite Hydrohalloysite somamin:Hydrohematite Hydrohematite somamin:Hydrohetaerolite Hydrohetaerolite somamin:Hydrohonessite Hydrohonessite somamin:Hydromagnesite Hydromagnesite somamin:Hydrombobomkulite Hydrombobomkulite somamin:Hydromica Hydromica somamin:Hydromolysite Hydromolysite somamin:Hydromuscovite Hydromuscovite somamin:Hydronium_jarosite Hydronium jarosite somamin:Hydroniumjarosite Hydroniumjarosite somamin:Hydroparagonite Hydroparagonite somamin:Hydrophane Hydrophane somamin:Hydrophilite Hydrophilite somamin:Hydroromarchite Hydroromarchite somamin:Hydroscarbroite Hydroscarbroite somamin:Hydrotalcite Hydrotalcite somamin:Hydrotungstite Hydrotungstite somamin:Hydrougrandite Hydrougrandite somamin:Hydrowoodwardite Hydrowoodwardite somamin:Hydroxyapatite Hydroxyapatite somamin:Hydroxyapophyllite Hydroxyapophyllite somamin:Hydroxycancrinite Hydroxycancrinite somamin:Hydroxyl_bastnasite_Ce Hydroxyl-bastnasite (Ce) somamin:Hydroxyl_bastnasite_La Hydroxyl-bastnasite (La) somamin:Hydroxyl_bastnasite_Nd Hydroxyl-bastnasite (Nd) somamin:Hydroxyl_herderite Hydroxyl-herderite somamin:Hydroxyl_pyromorphite Hydroxyl-pyromorphite somamin:Hydroxylapatite Hydroxylapatite somamin:Hydroxylbastnasite_Ce Hydroxylbastnasite (Ce) somamin:Hydroxylbastnasite_La Hydroxylbastnasite (La) somamin:Hydroxylbastnasite_Nd Hydroxylbastnasite (Nd) somamin:Hydroxylborite Hydroxylborite somamin:Hydroxylcarbonate_La Hydroxylcarbonate (La) somamin:Hydroxylcarbonate_Nd Hydroxylcarbonate (Nd) somamin:Hydroxylclinohumite Hydroxylclinohumite somamin:Hydroxylellestadite Hydroxylellestadite somamin:Hydroxylherderite Hydroxylherderite somamin:Hydroxylian_Pseudorutile Hydroxylian Pseudorutile somamin:Hydroxylpyromorphite Hydroxylpyromorphite somamin:Hydroxylwagnerite Hydroxylwagnerite somamin:Hydroxypetscheckite Hydroxypetscheckite somamin:Hydroxyuvite Hydroxyuvite somamin:Hydrozincite Hydrozincite somamin:Hypercinnabar Hypercinnabar somamin:Hypersthene Hypersthene somamin:Hyttsjoite Hyttsjoite somamin:Ianthinite Ianthinite somamin:Ice Ice somamin:Idaite Idaite somamin:Iddingsite Iddingsite somamin:Idocrase Idocrase somamin:Idrialine Idrialine somamin:Idrialite Idrialite somamin:Iimoriite_Y Iimoriite (Y) somamin:Ikaite Ikaite somamin:Ikranite Ikranite somamin:Ikunolite Ikunolite somamin:Ilbaite Ilbaite somamin:Ilesite Ilesite somamin:Ilimaussite_Ce Ilimaussite (Ce) somamin:Ilinskite Ilinskite somamin:Illite Illite somamin:Ilmajokite Ilmajokite somamin:Ilmenite Ilmenite somamin:Ilmenorutile Ilmenorutile somamin:Ilsemannite Ilsemannite somamin:Iltisite Iltisite somamin:Ilvaite Ilvaite somamin:Imandrite Imandrite somamin:Imgreite Imgreite somamin:Imhofite Imhofite somamin:Imiterite Imiterite somamin:Imogolite Imogolite somamin:Inaglyite Inaglyite somamin:Incaite Incaite somamin:Inderborite Inderborite somamin:Inderite Inderite somamin:Indialite Indialite somamin:Indianite Indianite somamin:Indicolite Indicolite somamin:Indigirite Indigirite somamin:Indite Indite somamin:Indium Indium somamin:Inesite Inesite somamin:Ingersonite Ingersonite somamin:Ingodite Ingodite somamin:Innelite Innelite somamin:Insizwaite Insizwaite somamin:Intersilite Intersilite somamin:Inyoite Inyoite somamin:Iodargyrite Iodargyrite somamin:Iodyrite Iodyrite somamin:Iolite Iolite somamin:Iowaite Iowaite somamin:Iquiqueite Iquiqueite somamin:Iranite Iranite somamin:Iraqite_La Iraqite (La) somamin:Irarsite Irarsite somamin:Irhtemite Irhtemite somamin:Iridarsenite Iridarsenite somamin:Iridisite Iridisite somamin:Iridium Iridium somamin:Iridosmine Iridosmine somamin:Iridrhodruthenium Iridrhodruthenium somamin:Iriginite Iriginite somamin:Irite Irite somamin:Iron Iron somamin:Irtyshite Irtyshite somamin:Ishikawaite Ishikawaite somamin:Isinglass Isinglass somamin:Isochalcopyrite Isochalcopyrite somamin:Isoclasite Isoclasite somamin:Isocubanite Isocubanite somamin:Isoferroplatinum Isoferroplatinum somamin:Isokite Isokite somamin:Isolueshite Isolueshite somamin:Isomertieite Isomertieite somamin:Isovite Isovite somamin:Istisuite Istisuite somamin:Itoigawaite Itoigawaite somamin:Itoite Itoite somamin:Ivanyukite_Cu Ivanyukite-Cu somamin:Ivanyukite_K Ivanyukite-K somamin:Ivanyukite_Na Ivanyukite-Na somamin:Iwakiite Iwakiite somamin:Iwashiroite_Y Iwashiroite (Y) somamin:Ixiolite Ixiolite somamin:Izoklakeite Izoklakeite somamin:JCapplet.class JCapplet.class</a></li> somamin:JCapplet.class.old1 JCapplet.class.old1</a></li> somamin:Jachimovite Jachimovite somamin:Jachymovite Jachymovite somamin:Jacobsite Jacobsite somamin:Jacquesdietrichite Jacquesdietrichite somamin:Jadarite Jadarite somamin:Jadeite Jadeite somamin:Jaffeite Jaffeite somamin:Jagoite Jagoite somamin:Jagowerite Jagowerite somamin:Jagueite Jagueite somamin:Jahnsite Jahnsite somamin:Jahnsite_CaFeFe Jahnsite (CaFeFe) somamin:Jahnsite_CaMgMg Jahnsite (CaMgMg) somamin:Jahnsite_CaMnFe Jahnsite (CaMnFe) somamin:Jahnsite_CaMnMg Jahnsite (CaMnMg) somamin:Jahnsite_CaMnMn Jahnsite (CaMnMn) somamin:Jahnsite_MnMnMn Jahnsite (MnMnMn) somamin:Jahnsite_NaFeMg Jahnsite (NaFeMg) somamin:Jahnsite_NaMnMg Jahnsite (NaMnMg) somamin:Jaipurite Jaipurite somamin:Jalpaite Jalpaite somamin:Jamborite Jamborite somamin:Jamesite Jamesite somamin:Jamesonite Jamesonite somamin:Janggunite Janggunite somamin:Janhaugite Janhaugite somamin:Jankovicite Jankovicite somamin:Janosite Janosite somamin:Jarandolite Jarandolite somamin:Jarcon Jarcon somamin:Jarlite Jarlite somamin:Jarosewichite Jarosewichite somamin:Jarosite Jarosite somamin:Jarrowite Jarrowite somamin:Jaskolskiite Jaskolskiite somamin:Jasmundite Jasmundite somamin:Jasper Jasper somamin:Jeanbandyite Jeanbandyite somamin:Jedvabite Jedvabite somamin:Jedwabite Jedwabite somamin:Jefferisite Jefferisite somamin:Jeffersinite Jeffersinite somamin:Jeffreyite Jeffreyite somamin:Jenkinsite Jenkinsite somamin:Jennite Jennite somamin:Jensenite Jensenite somamin:Jentschite Jentschite somamin:Jeppeite Jeppeite somamin:Jeremejevite Jeremejevite somamin:Jeromite Jeromite somamin:Jerrygibbsite Jerrygibbsite somamin:Jervisite Jervisite somamin:Jezekite Jezekite somamin:Jianshuiite Jianshuiite somamin:Jimboite Jimboite somamin:Jimthompsonite Jimthompsonite somamin:Jinshajiangite Jinshajiangite somamin:Jixianite Jixianite somamin:Joaquinite_Ce Joaquinite (Ce) somamin:Joelbruggerite Joelbruggerite somamin:Joesmithite Joesmithite somamin:Johachidolite Johachidolite somamin:Johannite Johannite somamin:Johannsenite Johannsenite somamin:Johillerite Johillerite somamin:Johnbaumite Johnbaumite somamin:Johninnesite Johninnesite somamin:Johnsenite_Ce Johnsenite (Ce) somamin:Johnsomervilleite Johnsomervilleite somamin:Johnstrupite Johnstrupite somamin:Johntomaite Johntomaite somamin:Johnwalkite Johnwalkite somamin:Jokokuite Jokokuite somamin:Joliotite Joliotite somamin:Jolliffeite Jolliffeite somamin:Jonassonite Jonassonite somamin:Jonesite Jonesite somamin:Joosteite Joosteite somamin:Jordanite Jordanite somamin:Jordisite Jordisite somamin:Jorgensenite Jorgensenite somamin:Joseite Joseite somamin:Joseite_B Joseite-B somamin:Josephinite Josephinite somamin:Jouravskite Jouravskite somamin:Juabite Juabite somamin:Juangodoyite Juangodoyite somamin:Juanitaite Juanitaite somamin:Juanite Juanite somamin:Julgoldite_Fe2 Julgoldite (Fe2) somamin:Julgoldite_Fe3 Julgoldite (Fe3) somamin:Julgoldite_Feplusplus Julgoldite (Fe++) somamin:Julgoldite_Feplusplusplus Julgoldite (Fe+++) somamin:Julianite Julianite somamin:Julienite Julienite somamin:Jungite Jungite somamin:Junitoite Junitoite somamin:Junoite Junoite somamin:Juonniite Juonniite somamin:Jurbanite Jurbanite somamin:Jurupaite Jurupaite somamin:K_Rectorite K-Rectorite somamin:Kaatialaite Kaatialaite somamin:Kadyrelite Kadyrelite somamin:Kaersutite Kaersutite somamin:Kafehydrocyanite Kafehydrocyanite somamin:Kahlerite Kahlerite somamin:Kainite Kainite somamin:Kainosite_Y Kainosite (Y) somamin:Kakoxen Kakoxen somamin:Kalborsite Kalborsite somamin:Kaliborite Kaliborite somamin:Kalicinite Kalicinite somamin:Kalifersite Kalifersite somamin:Kalininite Kalininite somamin:Kalinite Kalinite somamin:Kaliophilite Kaliophilite somamin:Kalipyrochlore Kalipyrochlore somamin:Kalistrontite Kalistrontite somamin:Kalsilite Kalsilite somamin:Kaluginite Kaluginite somamin:Kalungaite Kalungaite somamin:Kamacite Kamacite somamin:Kamaishilite Kamaishilite somamin:Kamarizaite Kamarizaite somamin:Kambaldaite Kambaldaite somamin:Kamchatkite Kamchatkite somamin:Kamiokite Kamiokite somamin:Kamitugaite Kamitugaite somamin:Kammererite Kammererite somamin:Kamotoite_Y Kamotoite (Y) somamin:Kampfite Kampfite somamin:Kamphaugite_Y Kamphaugite (Y) somamin:Kanemite Kanemite somamin:Kankite Kankite somamin:Kanoite Kanoite somamin:Kanonaite Kanonaite somamin:Kanonerovite Kanonerovite somamin:Kaolinite Kaolinite somamin:Kapellasite Kapellasite somamin:Kapitsaite_Y Kapitsaite (Y) somamin:Kapustinite Kapustinite somamin:Karasugite Karasugite somamin:Karchevskyite Karchevskyite somamin:Karelianite Karelianite somamin:Karibibite Karibibite somamin:Karlite Karlite somamin:Karnasurtite_Ce Karnasurtite (Ce) somamin:Karpatite Karpatite somamin:Karpinskite Karpinskite somamin:Karupmollerite_Ca Karupmollerite-Ca somamin:Karyinite Karyinite somamin:Kashinite Kashinite somamin:Kasolite Kasolite somamin:Kassite Kassite somamin:Kastningite Kastningite somamin:Katangaite Katangaite somamin:Katangite Katangite somamin:Katayamalite Katayamalite somamin:Katoite Katoite somamin:Katophorite Katophorite somamin:Katoptrite Katoptrite somamin:Kawazulite Kawazulite somamin:Kazakhstanite Kazakhstanite somamin:Kazakovite Kazakovite somamin:Keckite Keckite somamin:Kegelite Kegelite somamin:Kehoeite Kehoeite somamin:Keilhauite Keilhauite somamin:Keilite Keilite somamin:Keithconnite Keithconnite somamin:Keiviite_Y Keiviite (Y) somamin:Keiviite_Yb Keiviite (Yb) somamin:Keldyshite Keldyshite somamin:Kellyite Kellyite somamin:Kelyanite Kelyanite somamin:Kemmlitzite Kemmlitzite somamin:Kempite Kempite somamin:Kenhsuite Kenhsuite somamin:Kennedyite Kennedyite somamin:Kentbrooksite Kentbrooksite somamin:Kentrolite Kentrolite somamin:Kenyaite Kenyaite somamin:Keramohalite Keramohalite somamin:Kermesite Kermesite somamin:Kernite Kernite somamin:Kerolite Kerolite somamin:Kerolite_Ni Kerolite(Ni) somamin:Kerstenite Kerstenite somamin:Kertschenite Kertschenite somamin:Kesterite Kesterite somamin:Kettnerite Kettnerite somamin:Keyite Keyite somamin:Keystoneite Keystoneite somamin:Khademite Khademite somamin:Khaidarkanite Khaidarkanite somamin:Khamrabaevite Khamrabaevite somamin:Khanneshite Khanneshite somamin:Kharaelakhite Kharaelakhite somamin:Khatyrkite Khatyrkite somamin:Khibinskite Khibinskite somamin:Khinite Khinite somamin:Khmaralite Khmaralite somamin:Khomyakovite Khomyakovite somamin:Khristovite_Ce Khristovite (Ce) somamin:Kiddcreekite Kiddcreekite somamin:Kidney_Ore Kidney Ore somamin:Kidwellite Kidwellite somamin:Kieftite Kieftite somamin:Kieserite Kieserite somamin:Kilbrickenite Kilbrickenite somamin:Kilchoanite Kilchoanite somamin:Killalaite Killalaite somamin:Kimolite Kimolite somamin:Kimrobinsonite Kimrobinsonite somamin:Kimuraite_Y Kimuraite (Y) somamin:Kimzeyite Kimzeyite somamin:Kingite Kingite somamin:Kingsmountite Kingsmountite somamin:Kingstonite Kingstonite somamin:Kinichilite Kinichilite somamin:Kinoite Kinoite somamin:Kinoshitalite Kinoshitalite somamin:Kintoreite Kintoreite somamin:Kipushite Kipushite somamin:Kirgizstanite Kirgizstanite somamin:Kirgyzstanite Kirgyzstanite somamin:Kirkiite Kirkiite somamin:Kirschsteinite Kirschsteinite somamin:Kitaibelite Kitaibelite somamin:Kithilite Kithilite somamin:Kitkaite Kitkaite somamin:Kittatinnyite Kittatinnyite somamin:Kittlite Kittlite somamin:Kivuite Kivuite somamin:Kladnoite Kladnoite somamin:Klaprothite Klaprothite somamin:Klebelsbergite Klebelsbergite somamin:Kleberite Kleberite somamin:Kleberite_OH Kleberite (OH) somamin:Kleemanite Kleemanite somamin:Kleinite Kleinite somamin:Kliachite Kliachite somamin:Klochite Klochite somamin:Klockmannite Klockmannite somamin:Klyuchevskite Klyuchevskite somamin:Klyuchevskite_Duplicate Klyuchevskite-Duplicate somamin:Knasibfite Knasibfite somamin:Knebelite Knebelite somamin:Knopite Knopite somamin:Knorringite Knorringite somamin:Koashvite Koashvite somamin:Kobeite_Y Kobeite (Y) somamin:Kobellite Kobellite somamin:Kochelite Kochelite somamin:Kochite Kochite somamin:Kochkarite Kochkarite somamin:Kochsandorite Kochsandorite somamin:Koechlinite Koechlinite somamin:Koenenite Koenenite somamin:Koettigite Koettigite somamin:Kogarkoite Kogarkoite somamin:Koivinite Koivinite somamin:Kokchetavite Kokchetavite somamin:Koktaite Koktaite somamin:Kolarite Kolarite somamin:Kolbeckite Kolbeckite somamin:Kolfanite Kolfanite somamin:Kolicite Kolicite somamin:Kolovratite Kolovratite somamin:Kolwezite Kolwezite somamin:Kolymite Kolymite somamin:Komarovite Komarovite somamin:Kombatite Kombatite somamin:Komkovite Komkovite somamin:Konderite Konderite somamin:Kondorite Kondorite somamin:Kongsbergite Kongsbergite somamin:Koninckite Koninckite somamin:Konyaite Konyaite somamin:Koragoite Koragoite somamin:Koritnigite Koritnigite somamin:Kornelite Kornelite somamin:Kornerupine Kornerupine somamin:Kornite Kornite somamin:Korobitsynite Korobitsynite somamin:Korshunovskite Korshunovskite somamin:Korzhinskite Korzhinskite somamin:Kosmochlor Kosmochlor somamin:Kosnarite Kosnarite somamin:Kostovite Kostovite somamin:Kostylevite Kostylevite somamin:Kotoite Kotoite somamin:Kottigite Kottigite somamin:Kotulskite Kotulskite somamin:Koutekite Koutekite somamin:Kovdorskite Kovdorskite somamin:Kozoite_La Kozoite (La) somamin:Kozoite_Nd Kozoite (Nd) somamin:Kozulite Kozulite somamin:Kraisslite Kraisslite somamin:Krasnogorite Krasnogorite somamin:Krasnoselskite Krasnoselskite somamin:Krasnovite Krasnovite somamin:Kratochvilite Kratochvilite somamin:Krausite Krausite somamin:Krauskopfite Krauskopfite somamin:Krautite Krautite somamin:Kremersite Kremersite somamin:Krennerite Krennerite somamin:Krettnichite Krettnichite somamin:Kribergite Kribergite somamin:Krieselite Krieselite somamin:Krinovite Krinovite somamin:Kristiansenite Kristiansenite somamin:Krivovichevite Krivovichevite somamin:Kroehnkite Kroehnkite somamin:Krohnkite Krohnkite somamin:Krupkaite Krupkaite somamin:Krutaite Krutaite somamin:Krutovite Krutovite somamin:Kryzhanovskite Kryzhanovskite somamin:Ktenasite Ktenasite somamin:Kuannersuite_Ce Kuannersuite (Ce) somamin:Kudriavite Kudriavite somamin:Kukharenkoite_Ce Kukharenkoite (Ce) somamin:Kukharenkoite_La Kukharenkoite (La) somamin:Kukisvumite Kukisvumite somamin:Kuksite Kuksite somamin:Kulanite Kulanite somamin:Kuliokite_Y Kuliokite (Y) somamin:Kulkeite Kulkeite somamin:Kullerudite Kullerudite somamin:Kumdykolite Kumdykolite somamin:Kumtyubeite Kumtyubeite somamin:Kunatite Kunatite somamin:Kunzite Kunzite somamin:Kupcikite Kupcikite somamin:Kupfer Kupfer somamin:Kupletskite Kupletskite somamin:Kupletskite_Cs Kupletskite (Cs) somamin:Kuramite Kuramite somamin:Kuranakhite Kuranakhite somamin:Kurchatovite Kurchatovite somamin:Kurgantaite Kurgantaite somamin:Kurilite Kurilite somamin:Kurnakovite Kurnakovite somamin:Kurtzite Kurtzite somamin:Kurumsakite Kurumsakite somamin:Kusachiite Kusachiite somamin:Kushiroite Kushiroite somamin:Kusuite Kusuite somamin:Kutinaite Kutinaite somamin:Kutnahorite Kutnahorite somamin:Kutnohorite Kutnohorite somamin:Kuzelite Kuzelite somamin:Kuzmenkoite Kuzmenkoite somamin:Kuzmenkoite_Mn Kuzmenkoite-Mn somamin:Kuzmenkoite_Zn Kuzmenkoite-Zn somamin:Kuzminite Kuzminite somamin:Kuznetsovite Kuznetsovite somamin:Kvanefjeldite Kvanefjeldite somamin:Kyanite Kyanite somamin:Kyanoxalite Kyanoxalite somamin:Kyrgizstanite Kyrgizstanite somamin:Kyrgyzstanite Kyrgyzstanite somamin:Kyzylkumite Kyzylkumite somamin:Labradorite Labradorite somamin:Labuntsovite Labuntsovite somamin:Labuntsovite_Fe Labuntsovite-Fe somamin:Labuntsovite_Mg Labuntsovite-Mg somamin:Labuntsovite_Mn Labuntsovite-Mn somamin:Labyrinthite Labyrinthite somamin:Lacroixite Lacroixite somamin:Laffittite Laffittite somamin:Laflammeite Laflammeite somamin:Laforetite Laforetite somamin:Lafossaite Lafossaite somamin:Laihunite Laihunite somamin:Laitakarite Laitakarite somamin:Laiton Laiton somamin:Lakargiite Lakargiite somamin:Lakebogaite Lakebogaite somamin:Lalondeite Lalondeite somamin:Lammerite Lammerite somamin:Lampadite Lampadite somamin:Lamprophyllite Lamprophyllite somamin:Lanarkite Lanarkite somamin:Landauite Landauite somamin:Landesite Landesite somamin:Langbanite Langbanite somamin:Langbeinite Langbeinite somamin:Langisite Langisite somamin:Langite Langite somamin:Lanmuchangite Lanmuchangite somamin:Lannonite Lannonite somamin:Lansfordite Lansfordite somamin:Lanthanite_Ce Lanthanite (Ce) somamin:Lanthanite_La Lanthanite (La) somamin:Lanthanite_Nd Lanthanite (Nd) somamin:Lapeyreite Lapeyreite somamin:Laphamite Laphamite somamin:Lapieite Lapieite somamin:Lapis_lazuli Lapis lazuli somamin:Laplandite_Ce Laplandite (Ce) somamin:Lapparentite Lapparentite somamin:Larderellite Larderellite somamin:Larimar Larimar somamin:Larisaite Larisaite somamin:Larnite Larnite somamin:Larosite Larosite somamin:Larsenite Larsenite somamin:Lasalite Lasalite somamin:Lasurite Lasurite somamin:Latiumite Latiumite somamin:Latrappite Latrappite somamin:Laubmannite Laubmannite somamin:Laueite Laueite somamin:Laumontite Laumontite somamin:Launayite Launayite somamin:Laurelite Laurelite somamin:Laurionite Laurionite somamin:Laurite Laurite somamin:Lausenite Lausenite somamin:Lautarite Lautarite somamin:Lautenthalite Lautenthalite somamin:Lautite Lautite somamin:Lavendulan Lavendulan somamin:Lavenite Lavenite somamin:Lavrentievite Lavrentievite somamin:Lawrencite Lawrencite somamin:Lawsonbauerite Lawsonbauerite somamin:Lawsonite Lawsonite somamin:Lazarenkoite Lazarenkoite somamin:Lazulite Lazulite somamin:Lazurite Lazurite somamin:Lead Lead somamin:Leadamalgam Leadamalgam somamin:Leadhillite Leadhillite somamin:Leakeite Leakeite somamin:Lechatelierite Lechatelierite somamin:Lecontite Lecontite somamin:Legrandite Legrandite somamin:Lehiite Lehiite somamin:Lehnerite Lehnerite somamin:Leifite Leifite somamin:Leightonite Leightonite somamin:Leisingite Leisingite somamin:Leiteite Leiteite somamin:Lekeite_K Lekeite-K somamin:Lemanskiite Lemanskiite somamin:Lemmleinite Lemmleinite somamin:Lemmleinite_Ba Lemmleinite-Ba somamin:Lemmleinite_K Lemmleinite-K somamin:Lemoynite Lemoynite somamin:Lenaite Lenaite somamin:Lengenbachite Lengenbachite somamin:Leningradite Leningradite somamin:Lennilenapeite Lennilenapeite somamin:Lenoblite Lenoblite somamin:Leogangite Leogangite somamin:Leonhardite Leonhardite somamin:Leonite Leonite somamin:Lepersonnite_Gd Lepersonnite (Gd) somamin:Lepidocrocite Lepidocrocite somamin:Lepidolite Lepidolite somamin:Lepidomelane_Fe Lepidomelane (Fe) somamin:Lepkhenelmite_Zn Lepkhenelmite-Zn somamin:Lerbachite Lerbachite somamin:Lermontovite Lermontovite somamin:Lessingite Lessingite somamin:Lessingite_Ce Lessingite (Ce) somamin:Lesukite Lesukite somamin:Letovicite Letovicite somamin:Lettsomite Lettsomite somamin:Leucite Leucite somamin:Leucophanite Leucophanite somamin:Leucophoenicite Leucophoenicite somamin:Leucophosphite Leucophosphite somamin:Leucophyllite Leucophyllite somamin:Leucosapphire Leucosapphire somamin:Leucosphenite Leucosphenite somamin:Leucoxene Leucoxene somamin:Levinsonite_Y Levinsonite (Y) somamin:Levyclaudite Levyclaudite somamin:Levyne Levyne somamin:Levyne_Ca Levyne-Ca somamin:Levyne_Na Levyne-Na somamin:Levynite Levynite somamin:Lewisite Lewisite somamin:Lewistonite Lewistonite somamin:Liandratite Liandratite somamin:Liberite Liberite somamin:Libethenite Libethenite somamin:Liddicoatite Liddicoatite somamin:Liebauite Liebauite somamin:Liebenbergite Liebenbergite somamin:Liebigite Liebigite somamin:Lievrite Lievrite somamin:Likasite Likasite somamin:Lillianite Lillianite somamin:Lime Lime somamin:Limonite Limonite somamin:Linarite Linarite somamin:Lindackerite Lindackerite somamin:Lindbergite Lindbergite somamin:Lindgrenite Lindgrenite somamin:Lindqvistite Lindqvistite somamin:Lindsleyite Lindsleyite somamin:Lindstroemite Lindstroemite somamin:Lindstromite Lindstromite somamin:Lingaitukuang Lingaitukuang somamin:Lingunite Lingunite somamin:Linnaeite Linnaeite somamin:Linneite Linneite somamin:Lintisite Lintisite somamin:Liottite Liottite somamin:Lipscombite Lipscombite somamin:Liroconite Liroconite somamin:Lisetite Lisetite somamin:Lishizhenite Lishizhenite somamin:Lisiguangite Lisiguangite somamin:Lisitsynite Lisitsynite somamin:Liskeardite Liskeardite somamin:Litharge Litharge somamin:Lithidionite Lithidionite somamin:Lithiomarsturite Lithiomarsturite somamin:Lithionite Lithionite somamin:Lithiophilite Lithiophilite somamin:Lithiophorite Lithiophorite somamin:Lithiophosphate Lithiophosphate somamin:Lithiotantite Lithiotantite somamin:Lithiowodginite Lithiowodginite somamin:Lithium_Mica Lithium Mica somamin:Lithosite Lithosite somamin:Litidionite Litidionite somamin:Litvinskite Litvinskite somamin:Liveingite Liveingite somamin:Livingstonite Livingstonite somamin:Lizardite Lizardite somamin:Lodestone Lodestone somamin:Loellingite Loellingite somamin:Loeweite Loeweite somamin:Lokkaite_Y Lokkaite (Y) somamin:Lollingite Lollingite somamin:Lomonite Lomonite somamin:Lomonosovite Lomonosovite somamin:Londonite Londonite somamin:Lonecreekite Lonecreekite somamin:Lonsdaleite Lonsdaleite somamin:Loparite_Ce Loparite (Ce) somamin:Lopezite Lopezite somamin:Lorandite Lorandite somamin:Loranskite_Y Loranskite (Y) somamin:Lorenzenite Lorenzenite somamin:Lorettoite Lorettoite somamin:Loseyite Loseyite somamin:Lotharmeyerite Lotharmeyerite somamin:Louderbackite Louderbackite somamin:Loudounite Loudounite somamin:Loughlinite Loughlinite somamin:Lourenswalsite Lourenswalsite somamin:Lovdarite Lovdarite somamin:Loveringite Loveringite somamin:Lovozerite Lovozerite somamin:Loweite Loweite somamin:Luanheite Luanheite somamin:Luberoite Luberoite somamin:Lucasite_Ce Lucasite (Ce) somamin:Lucinite Lucinite somamin:Luddenite Luddenite somamin:Ludjibaite Ludjibaite somamin:Ludlamite Ludlamite somamin:Ludlockite Ludlockite somamin:Ludlockite_Pb Ludlockite (Pb) somamin:Ludwigite Ludwigite somamin:Lueneburgite Lueneburgite somamin:Lueshite Lueshite somamin:Luetheite Luetheite somamin:Lukechangite_Ce Lukechangite (Ce) somamin:Lukrahnite Lukrahnite somamin:Lulzacite Lulzacite somamin:Luneburgite Luneburgite somamin:Lunijianlaite Lunijianlaite somamin:Lunnite Lunnite somamin:Lunokite Lunokite somamin:Luobusaite Luobusaite somamin:Lusungite Lusungite somamin:Lutecine Lutecine somamin:Lutecite Lutecite somamin:Luzonite Luzonite somamin:Lyndochite Lyndochite somamin:Lyonsite Lyonsite somamin:Macaulayite Macaulayite somamin:Macdonaldite Macdonaldite somamin:Macedonite Macedonite somamin:Macfallite Macfallite somamin:Machatschkiite Machatschkiite somamin:Mackayite Mackayite somamin:Mackelveyite_Y Mackelveyite (Y) somamin:Mackinawite Mackinawite somamin:Mackintoshite Mackintoshite somamin:Macphersonite Macphersonite somamin:Macquartite Macquartite somamin:Madocite Madocite somamin:Maekinenite Maekinenite somamin:Magadiite Magadiite somamin:Magbasite Magbasite somamin:Maghagendorfite Maghagendorfite somamin:Maghemite Maghemite somamin:Maghrebite Maghrebite somamin:Magnesia_Alum Magnesia Alum somamin:Magnesio_aluminokatophorite Magnesio-aluminokatophorite somamin:Magnesio_arfvedsonite Magnesio-arfvedsonite somamin:Magnesio_axinite Magnesio-axinite somamin:Magnesioaluminotaramite Magnesioaluminotaramite somamin:Magnesioanthophyllite Magnesioanthophyllite somamin:Magnesioastrophyllite Magnesioastrophyllite somamin:Magnesioaubertite Magnesioaubertite somamin:Magnesiocarpholite Magnesiocarpholite somamin:Magnesiochloritoid Magnesiochloritoid somamin:Magnesiochlorophoenicite Magnesiochlorophoenicite somamin:Magnesiochromite Magnesiochromite somamin:Magnesioclinoholmquistite Magnesioclinoholmquistite somamin:Magnesiocolumbite Magnesiocolumbite somamin:Magnesiocopiapite Magnesiocopiapite somamin:Magnesiocoulsonite Magnesiocoulsonite somamin:Magnesiocummingtonite Magnesiocummingtonite somamin:Magnesiodumortierite Magnesiodumortierite somamin:Magnesioferrikatophorite Magnesioferrikatophorite somamin:Magnesioferritaramite Magnesioferritaramite somamin:Magnesioferrite Magnesioferrite somamin:Magnesiofoitite Magnesiofoitite somamin:Magnesiogedrite Magnesiogedrite somamin:Magnesiohastingsite Magnesiohastingsite somamin:Magnesiohogbomite_2N2S Magnesiohogbomite-2N2S somamin:Magnesiohogbomite_2N3S Magnesiohogbomite-2N3S somamin:Magnesiohogbomite_6N6S Magnesiohogbomite-6N6S somamin:Magnesioholmquistite Magnesioholmquistite somamin:Magnesiohornblende Magnesiohornblende somamin:Magnesiohulsite Magnesiohulsite somamin:Magnesiokatophorite Magnesiokatophorite somamin:Magnesioludwighite Magnesioludwighite somamin:Magnesionigerite_2N1S Magnesionigerite-2N1S somamin:Magnesionigerite_6N6S Magnesionigerite-6N6S somamin:Magnesiopascoite Magnesiopascoite somamin:Magnesioriebeckite Magnesioriebeckite somamin:Magnesiosadanagaite Magnesiosadanagaite somamin:Magnesiostaurolite Magnesiostaurolite somamin:Magnesiotaaffeite_2N2S Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S somamin:Magnesiotaaffeite_6N3S Magnesiotaaffeite-6N3S somamin:Magnesiotantalite Magnesiotantalite somamin:Magnesiotaramite Magnesiotaramite somamin:Magnesiozippeite Magnesiozippeite somamin:Magnesite Magnesite somamin:Magnesium_chlorophoenicite Magnesium-chlorophoenicite somamin:Magnesium_zippeite Magnesium-zippeite somamin:Magnesiumastrophyllite Magnesiumastrophyllite somamin:Magnetic_iron_ore Magnetic iron ore somamin:Magnetic_pyrites Magnetic pyrites somamin:Magnetite Magnetite is a ferrimagnetic mineral with chemical formula Fe3O4, one of several iron oxides and a member of the spinel group. [Wikipedia] magnetite somamin:Magnetoplumbite Magnetoplumbite somamin:Magniotriplite Magniotriplite somamin:Magnocolumbite Magnocolumbite somamin:Magnolite Magnolite somamin:Magnussonite Magnussonite somamin:Mahlmoodite Mahlmoodite somamin:Mahnertite Mahnertite somamin:Maikainite Maikainite somamin:Majakite Majakite somamin:Majorite Majorite somamin:Makarochkinite Makarochkinite somamin:Makatite Makatite somamin:Makinenite Makinenite somamin:Makovickyite Makovickyite somamin:Malachite Malachite somamin:Malacon Malacon somamin:Malanite Malanite somamin:Malayaite Malayaite somamin:Maldonite Maldonite somamin:Maleevite Maleevite somamin:Malhmoodite Malhmoodite somamin:Malic malic true misspelled term/IRI somamin:Malinkoite Malinkoite somamin:Malladrite Malladrite somamin:Mallardite Mallardite somamin:Mallestigite Mallestigite somamin:Malyshevite Malyshevite somamin:Mammothite Mammothite somamin:Manaksite Manaksite somamin:Manandonite Manandonite somamin:Manasseite Manasseite somamin:Mandarinoite Mandarinoite somamin:Mangan_neptunite Mangan-neptunite somamin:Manganarsite Manganarsite somamin:Manganaxinite Manganaxinite somamin:Manganbabingtonite Manganbabingtonite somamin:Manganbelyankinite Manganbelyankinite somamin:Manganberzeliite Manganberzeliite somamin:Manganblende Manganblende somamin:Manganese_hornesite Manganese-hornesite somamin:Manganese_shadlunite Manganese-shadlunite somamin:Mangangordonite Mangangordonite somamin:Manganhumite Manganhumite somamin:Manganiandrosite_Ce Manganiandrosite (Ce) somamin:Manganiandrosite_La Manganiandrosite (La) somamin:Manganidocrase Manganidocrase somamin:Manganilvaite Manganilvaite somamin:Manganipiemontite_Sr Manganipiemontite (Sr) somamin:Manganite Manganite somamin:Manganlotharmeyerite Manganlotharmeyerite somamin:Manganoan_silicic_edenite Manganoan silicic edenite somamin:Manganocalcite Manganocalcite somamin:Manganochromite Manganochromite somamin:Manganocolumbite Manganocolumbite somamin:Manganocummingtonite Manganocummingtonite somamin:Manganogrunerite Manganogrunerite somamin:Manganohornesite Manganohornesite somamin:Manganokhomyakovite Manganokhomyakovite somamin:Manganokukisvumite Manganokukisvumite somamin:Manganolangbeinite Manganolangbeinite somamin:Manganonaujakasite Manganonaujakasite somamin:Manganoneptunite Manganoneptunite somamin:Manganonordite_Ce Manganonordite (Ce) somamin:Manganoparawollastonite Manganoparawollastonite somamin:Manganophyllite_Mn Manganophyllite (Mn) somamin:Manganosegelerite Manganosegelerite somamin:Manganoshadlunite Manganoshadlunite somamin:Manganosite Manganosite somamin:Manganostibite Manganostibite somamin:Manganotantalite Manganotantalite somamin:Manganotapiolite Manganotapiolite somamin:Manganotychite Manganotychite somamin:Manganpyrosmalite Manganpyrosmalite somamin:Manganvesuvianite Manganvesuvianite somamin:Mangazeite Mangazeite somamin:Manjiroite Manjiroite somamin:Mannardite Mannardite somamin:Mansfieldite Mansfieldite somamin:Mantienneite Mantienneite somamin:Maoniupingite_Ce Maoniupingite (Ce) somamin:Mapimite Mapimite somamin:Marcasite Marcasite somamin:Marecottite Marecottite somamin:Margaritasite Margaritasite somamin:Margarite Margarite somamin:Margarosanite Margarosanite somamin:Marialite Marialite somamin:Marianoite Marianoite somamin:Maricite Maricite somamin:Maricopaite Maricopaite somamin:Marignacite Marignacite somamin:Marinellite Marinellite somamin:Marionite Marionite somamin:Marokite Marokite somamin:Marrite Marrite somamin:Marrucciite Marrucciite somamin:Marshite Marshite somamin:Marsturite Marsturite somamin:Marthozite Marthozite somamin:Martinite Martinite somamin:Martite Martite somamin:Martourite Martourite somamin:Martyite Martyite somamin:Marumoite Marumoite somamin:Mascagnite Mascagnite somamin:Maslovite Maslovite somamin:Massicot Massicot somamin:Masutomilite Masutomilite somamin:Masuyite Masuyite somamin:Mathewrogersite Mathewrogersite somamin:Mathiasite Mathiasite somamin:Matildite Matildite somamin:Matioliite Matioliite somamin:Matlockite Matlockite somamin:Matraite Mátraite somamin:Matsubaraite Matsubaraite somamin:Mattagamite Mattagamite somamin:Matteuccite Matteuccite somamin:Mattheddleite Mattheddleite somamin:Matulaite Matulaite somamin:Matveevite Matveevite somamin:Maucherite Maucherite somamin:Maufite Maufite somamin:Mavlyanovite Mavlyanovite somamin:Mawbyite Mawbyite somamin:Mawsonite Mawsonite somamin:Maxwellite Maxwellite somamin:Mayakite Mayakite somamin:Mayenite Mayenite somamin:Mayingite Mayingite somamin:Mazzettiite Mazzettiite somamin:Mazzite Mazzite somamin:Mazzite_Mg Mazzite-Mg somamin:Mazzite_Na Mazzite-Na somamin:Mbobomkulite Mbobomkulite somamin:Mboziite Mboziite somamin:Mcallisterite Mcallisterite somamin:Mcalpineite Mcalpineite somamin:Mcauslanite Mcauslanite somamin:Mcbirneyite Mcbirneyite somamin:Mcconnellite Mcconnellite somamin:Mccrillisite Mccrillisite somamin:Mcgillite Mcgillite somamin:Mcgovernite Mcgovernite somamin:Mcguinnessite Mcguinnessite somamin:Mckelveyite_Nd Mckelveyite (Nd) somamin:Mckelveyite_Y Mckelveyite (Y) somamin:Mckinstryite Mckinstryite somamin:Mcnearite Mcnearite somamin:Medaite Medaite somamin:Medenbachite Medenbachite somamin:Meerschaum Meerschaum somamin:Megacyclite Megacyclite somamin:Megakalsilite Megakalsilite somamin:Meionite Meionite somamin:Meixnerite Meixnerite somamin:Melaconite Melaconite somamin:Melanite Melanite somamin:Melanocerite_Ce Melanocerite (Ce) somamin:Melanochalcite Melanochalcite somamin:Melanophlogite Melanophlogite somamin:Melanophlogite_alpha Melanophlogite-alpha somamin:Melanophlogite_beta Melanophlogite-beta somamin:Melanostibite Melanostibite somamin:Melanotekite Melanotekite somamin:Melanothallite Melanothallite somamin:Melanovanadite Melanovanadite somamin:Melanterite Melanterite somamin:Melilite Melilite somamin:Melinophane Melinophane somamin:Meliphanite Meliphanite somamin:Melkovite Melkovite somamin:Melliniite Melliniite somamin:Mellite Mellite somamin:Melnikovite Melnikovite somamin:Melonite Melonite somamin:Melonjosephite Melonjosephite somamin:Menaccanite Menaccanite somamin:Mendeleyevite Mendeleyevite somamin:Mendipite Mendipite somamin:Mendozavilite Mendozavilite somamin:Mendozite Mendozite somamin:Meneghinite Meneghinite somamin:Menezesite Menezesite somamin:Mengxianminite Mengxianminite somamin:Meniaylovite Meniaylovite somamin:Menshikovite Menshikovite somamin:Mercallite Mercallite somamin:Mercury Mercury somamin:Mereheadite Mereheadite somamin:Mereiterite Mereiterite somamin:Merenskyite Merenskyite somamin:Meridianiite Meridianiite somamin:Merlinoite Merlinoite somamin:Merrihueite Merrihueite somamin:Merrillite Merrillite somamin:Merrillite_Ca Merrillite (Ca) somamin:Merrillite_Fe Merrillite-Fe somamin:Merrillite_Na Merrillite (Na) somamin:Merrillite_Y Merrillite (Y) somamin:Mertieite_I Mertieite-I somamin:Mertieite_II Mertieite-II somamin:Merwinite Merwinite somamin:Mesolite Mesolite somamin:Mesotype Mesotype somamin:Messelite Messelite somamin:Messing Messing somamin:Meta_Autunite Meta Autunite somamin:Meta_aluminite Meta-aluminite somamin:Meta_alunogen Meta-alunogen somamin:Meta_ankoleite Meta-ankoleite somamin:Meta_lodevite Meta-lodevite somamin:Meta_natrium_uranospinite Meta-natrium-uranospinite somamin:Meta_uranocircite Meta-uranocircite somamin:Meta_uranopilite Meta-uranopilite somamin:Meta_uranospinite Meta-uranospinite somamin:Metaberyllite Metaberyllite somamin:Metaborite Metaborite somamin:Metacalciouranoite Metacalciouranoite somamin:Metacinnabar Metacinnabar somamin:Metadelrioite Metadelrioite somamin:Metahaiweeite Metahaiweeite somamin:Metaheinrichite Metaheinrichite somamin:Metahewettite Metahewettite somamin:Metahohmannite Metahohmannite somamin:Metakahlerite Metakahlerite somamin:Metakirchheimerite Metakirchheimerite somamin:Metakoettigite Metakoettigite somamin:Metakottigite Metakottigite somamin:Metalodevite Metalodevite somamin:Metamunirite Metamunirite somamin:Metanovacekite Metanovacekite somamin:Metarauchite Metarauchite somamin:Metarossite Metarossite somamin:Metaschoderite Metaschoderite somamin:Metaschoepite Metaschoepite somamin:Metasideronatrite Metasideronatrite somamin:Metastibnite Metastibnite somamin:Metastrengite Metastrengite somamin:Metastudtite Metastudtite somamin:Metaswitzerite Metaswitzerite somamin:Metatorbernite Metatorbernite somamin:Metatyuyamunite Metatyuyamunite somamin:Metauranocircite Metauranocircite somamin:Metauranopilite Metauranopilite somamin:Metauranospinite Metauranospinite somamin:Metavandendriesscheite Metavandendriesscheite somamin:Metavanmeersscheite Metavanmeersscheite somamin:Metavanuralite Metavanuralite somamin:Metavariscite Metavariscite somamin:Metavauxite Metavauxite somamin:Metavivianite Metavivianite somamin:Metavoltine Metavoltine somamin:Metazellerite Metazellerite somamin:Metazeunerite Metazeunerite somamin:Methane_Clathrate Methane Clathrate somamin:Methane_hydrate Methane hydrate somamin:Methane_hydrate_H Methane hydrate-H somamin:Methane_hydrate_I Methane hydrate-I somamin:Methane_hydrate_II Methane hydrate-II somamin:Meurigite Meurigite somamin:Meurigite_K Meurigite-K somamin:Meurigite_Na Meurigite-Na somamin:Meyerhofferite Meyerhofferite somamin:Meymacite Meymacite somamin:Mg_zippeite Mg-zippeite somamin:Mgriite Mgriite somamin:Miargyrite Miargyrite somamin:Miassite Miassite somamin:Micaceous_Iron_Ore Micaceous Iron Ore somamin:Micheelsenite Micheelsenite somamin:Michenerite Michenerite somamin:Microcline Microcline somamin:Microlite Microlite somamin:Microsommite Microsommite somamin:Middendorfite Middendorfite somamin:Miersite Miersite somamin:Miessiite Miessiite somamin:Miharaite Miharaite somamin:Mikasaite Mikasaite somamin:Milarite Milarite somamin:Millerite Millerite somamin:Millisite Millisite somamin:Millosevichite Millosevichite somamin:Milotaite Milotaite somamin:Mimetesite Mimetesite somamin:Mimetite Mimetite somamin:Minamiite Minamiite somamin:Minasgeraisite_Y Minasgeraisite (Y) somamin:Minasragrite Minasragrite somamin:Mineevite_Y Mineevite (Y) somamin:Minehillite Minehillite somamin:Mineral A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties [Wikipedia] mineral somamin:Mineraloid A mineraloid is a mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate crystallinity. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals. For example, obsidian is an amorphous glass and not a crystal. [Wikipedia] mineraloid somamin:Minguzzite Minguzzite somamin:Minium Minium somamin:Minnesotaite Minnesotaite somamin:Minrecordite Minrecordite somamin:Minyulite Minyulite somamin:Mirabilite Mirabilite somamin:Misenite Misenite somamin:Miserite Miserite somamin:Mispickel Mispickel somamin:Misy Misy somamin:Mitaxite Mitaxite somamin:Mitridatite Mitridatite somamin:Mitryaevaite Mitryaevaite somamin:Mitscherlichite Mitscherlichite somamin:Mixite Mixite somamin:Miyashiroite Miyashiroite somamin:Mn_palygorskite Mn-palygorskite somamin:Mock_Lead_Ore Mock Lead Ore somamin:Moctezumite Moctezumite somamin:Modderite Modderite somamin:Moeloite Moeloite somamin:Moganite Moganite somamin:Mogovidite Mogovidite somamin:Mohite Mohite somamin:Mohrite Mohrite somamin:Mohrs_salt Mohrs salt somamin:Moissanite Moissanite somamin:Moluranite Moluranite somamin:Molybdenite Molybdenite somamin:Molybdic_ochre Molybdic ochre somamin:Molybdite Molybdite somamin:Molybdoferrite Molybdoferrite somamin:Molybdofornacite Molybdofornacite somamin:Molybdomenite Molybdomenite somamin:Molybdophyllite Molybdophyllite somamin:Molysite Molysite somamin:Monazite_Ce Monazite (Ce) somamin:Monazite_La Monazite (La) somamin:Monazite_Nd Monazite (Nd) somamin:Monazite_Sm Monazite (Sm) somamin:Moncheite Moncheite somamin:Monetite Monetite somamin:Mongolite Mongolite somamin:Mongshanite Mongshanite somamin:Monimolite Monimolite somamin:Monipite Monipite somamin:Monohydrocalcite Monohydrocalcite somamin:Monrepite Monrepite somamin:Monsmedite Monsmedite somamin:Montanite Montanite somamin:Montbrayite Montbrayite somamin:Montdorite Montdorite somamin:Montebrasite Montebrasite somamin:Monteponite Monteponite somamin:Monteregianite Monteregianite somamin:Monteregianite_Y Monteregianite (Y) somamin:Montesommaite Montesommaite somamin:Montetrisaite Montetrisaite somamin:Montgomeryite Montgomeryite somamin:Monticellite Monticellite somamin:Montmorillonite Montmorillonite somamin:Montmorillonite_Ca Montmorillonite(Ca) somamin:Montmorillonite_Na Montmorillonite(Na) somamin:Montroseite Montroseite somamin:Montroyalite Montroyalite somamin:Montroydite Montroydite somamin:Mooihoekite Mooihoekite somamin:Moolooite Moolooite somamin:Mooreite Mooreite somamin:Moorhouseite Moorhouseite somamin:Mopungite Mopungite somamin:Moraesite Moraesite somamin:Mordenite Mordenite somamin:Moreauite Moreauite somamin:Morelandite Morelandite somamin:Morenosite Morenosite somamin:Morganite Morganite somamin:Morimotoite Morimotoite somamin:Morinite Morinite somamin:Morozeviczite Morozeviczite somamin:Mosandrite Mosandrite somamin:Moschelite Moschelite somamin:Moschellandsbergite Moschellandsbergite somamin:Mosesite Mosesite somamin:Moskvinite_Y Moskvinite (Y) somamin:Moss_Agate Moss Agate somamin:Mottanaite_Ce Mottanaite (Ce) somamin:Mottramite Mottramite somamin:Motukoreaite Motukoreaite somamin:Mounanaite Mounanaite somamin:Mountain_Leather Mountain Leather somamin:Mountainite Mountainite somamin:Mountkeithite Mountkeithite somamin:Mourite Mourite somamin:Moydite_Y Moydite (Y) somamin:Mozartite Mozartite somamin:Mozgovaite Mozgovaite somamin:Mpororoite Mpororoite somamin:Mrazekite Mrazekite somamin:Mroseite Mroseite somamin:Muchuanite Muchuanite somamin:Muckeite Muckeite somamin:Mueckeite Mueckeite somamin:Muirite Muirite somamin:Mukhinite Mukhinite somamin:Mullanite Mullanite somamin:Mullite Mullite somamin:Mummeite Mummeite somamin:Munakataite Munakataite somamin:Mundite Mundite somamin:Mundrabillaite Mundrabillaite somamin:Munirite Munirite somamin:Murataite Murataite somamin:Murate_of_Sota Murate of Sota somamin:Murdochite Murdochite somamin:Murmanite Murmanite somamin:Murunskite Murunskite somamin:Muscovite Muscovite somamin:Museumite Museumite somamin:Musgravite Musgravite somamin:Mushistonite Mushistonite somamin:Muskoxite Muskoxite somamin:Muthmannite Muthmannite somamin:Mutinaite Mutinaite somamin:Mutnovskite Mutnovskite somamin:Na_Rectorite Na-Rectorite somamin:Na_komarovite Na-komarovite somamin:Nabalamprophyllite Nabalamprophyllite somamin:Nabaphite Nabaphite somamin:Nabesite Nabesite somamin:Nabiasite Nabiasite somamin:Nabokoite Nabokoite somamin:Nacaphite Nacaphite somamin:Nacareniobsite_Ce Nacareniobsite (Ce) somamin:Nacrite Nacrite somamin:Nadorite Nadorite somamin:Nafertisite Nafertisite somamin:Nagashimalite Nagashimalite somamin:Nagelschmidtite Nagelschmidtite somamin:Nagyagite Nagyagite somamin:Nahcolite Nahcolite somamin:Nahpoite Nahpoite somamin:Nakalifite Nakalifite somamin:Nakauriite Nakauriite somamin:Naldretteite Naldretteite somamin:Nalipoite Nalipoite somamin:Nalivkinite Nalivkinite somamin:Namansilite Namansilite somamin:Nambulite Nambulite somamin:Namibite Namibite somamin:Namuwite Namuwite somamin:Nanlingite Nanlingite somamin:Nanpingite Nanpingite somamin:Nantokite Nantokite somamin:Narsarsukite Narsarsukite somamin:Nasinite Nasinite somamin:Nasledovite Nasledovite somamin:Nasonite Nasonite somamin:Nastrophite Nastrophite somamin:Natalyite Natalyite somamin:Natanite Natanite somamin:Natisite Natisite somamin:Native_Alum Native Alum somamin:Natrite Natrite somamin:Natriumphlogopite Natriumphlogopite somamin:Natro_alunite Natro-alunite somamin:Natroalunite Natroalunite somamin:Natroapophyllite Natroapophyllite somamin:Natrobetpakdalite Natrobetpakdalite somamin:Natrobistantite Natrobistantite somamin:Natroboltwoodite Natroboltwoodite somamin:Natrocalcite Natrocalcite somamin:Natrochalcite Natrochalcite somamin:Natrodufrenite Natrodufrenite somamin:Natrofairchildite Natrofairchildite somamin:Natroglaucocerinite Natroglaucocerinite somamin:Natrojarosite Natrojarosite somamin:Natrokomarovite Natrokomarovite somamin:Natrolemoynite Natrolemoynite somamin:Natrolite Natrolite somamin:Natromontebrasite Natromontebrasite somamin:Natron Natron somamin:Natronambulite Natronambulite somamin:Natroniobite Natroniobite somamin:Natropharmacosiderite Natropharmacosiderite somamin:Natrophilite Natrophilite somamin:Natrophosphate Natrophosphate somamin:Natrosilite Natrosilite somamin:Natrotantite Natrotantite somamin:Natrouranospinite Natrouranospinite somamin:Natroxalate Natroxalate somamin:Natroxonotlite Natroxonotlite somamin:Natrozippeite Natrozippeite somamin:Naujakasite Naujakasite somamin:Naumannite Naumannite somamin:Navajoite Navajoite somamin:Nchwaningite Nchwaningite somamin:Nealite Nealite somamin:Nealite_H2O Nealite (H2O) somamin:Nechelyustovite Nechelyustovite somamin:Needle_ironstone Needle ironstone somamin:Nefedovite Nefedovite somamin:Neighborite Neighborite somamin:Nekoite Nekoite somamin:Nekrasovite Nekrasovite somamin:Nelenite Nelenite somamin:Neltnerite Neltnerite somamin:Nemalite Nemalite somamin:Nenadkevichite Nenadkevichite somamin:Nenadkevite Nenadkevite somamin:Neocolmanite Neocolmanite somamin:Neodymite Neodymite somamin:Neotocite Neotocite somamin:Nepheline Nepheline somamin:Nephelite Nephelite somamin:Nephrite_Jade Nephrite Jade somamin:Nepouite Nepouite somamin:Nepskoeite Nepskoeite somamin:Neptunite Neptunite somamin:Neskevaaraite_Fe Neskevaaraite-Fe somamin:Nesquehonite Nesquehonite somamin:Neustadtelite Neustadtelite somamin:Nevadaite Nevadaite somamin:Nevskite Nevskite somamin:Nevyanakite Nevyanakite somamin:Newberyite Newberyite somamin:Neyite Neyite somamin:Nezilovite Nezilovite somamin:Niahite Niahite somamin:Niccolite Niccolite somamin:Nichromite Nichromite somamin:Nickel Nickel somamin:Nickel_boussingaultite Nickel-boussingaultite somamin:Nickel_skutterudite Nickel-skutterudite somamin:Nickel_zippeite Nickel-zippeite somamin:Nickelalumite Nickelalumite somamin:Nickelaustinite Nickelaustinite somamin:Nickelbischofite Nickelbischofite somamin:Nickelblodite Nickelblodite somamin:Nickelbloedite Nickelbloedite somamin:Nickelboussingaultite Nickelboussingaultite somamin:Nickelhexahydrite Nickelhexahydrite somamin:Nickelian_Pyrite Nickelian Pyrite somamin:Nickeline Nickeline somamin:Nickellinnaeite Nickellinnaeite somamin:Nickellotharmeyerite Nickellotharmeyerite somamin:Nickelphosphide Nickelphosphide somamin:Nickelschneebergite Nickelschneebergite somamin:Nickelskutterudite Nickelskutterudite somamin:Nickeltalmessite Nickeltalmessite somamin:Nickelzippeite Nickelzippeite somamin:Nickenichite Nickenichite somamin:Nicols Nicols somamin:Nicolsonite_Zn Nicolsonite (Zn) somamin:Niedermayrite Niedermayrite somamin:Nielsbohrite Nielsbohrite somamin:Nielsenite Nielsenite somamin:Nierite Nierite somamin:Nifontovite Nifontovite somamin:Nigerite Nigerite somamin:Nigerite_24R Nigerite-24R somamin:Nigerite_6H Nigerite-6H somamin:Nigerite_6T Nigerite-6T somamin:Niggliite Niggliite somamin:Niigataite Niigataite somamin:Nikischerite Nikischerite somamin:Niksergievite Niksergievite somamin:Nimesite Nimesite somamin:Nimite Nimite somamin:Ningyoite Ningyoite somamin:Niningerite Niningerite somamin:Niobite Niobite somamin:Niobo_aeschynite_Ce Niobo-aeschynite (Ce) somamin:Niobo_aeschynite_Nd Niobo-aeschynite (Nd) somamin:Niobo_aeschynite_Y Niobo-aeschynite (Y) somamin:Nioboaeschynite_Ce Nioboaeschynite (Ce) somamin:Nioboaeschynite_Nd Nioboaeschynite (Nd) somamin:Nioboaeschynite_Y Nioboaeschynite (Y) somamin:Niobocarbide Niobocarbide somamin:Niobokupletskite Niobokupletskite somamin:Niobophyllite Niobophyllite somamin:Niocalite Niocalite somamin:Nisbite Nisbite somamin:Nissonite Nissonite somamin:Niter Niter somamin:Nitrammite Nitrammite somamin:Nitratine Nitratine somamin:Nitratite Nitratite somamin:Nitre Nitre somamin:Nitrobarite Nitrobarite somamin:Nitrocalcite Nitrocalcite somamin:Nitromagnesite Nitromagnesite somamin:Nitronatrite Nitronatrite somamin:Niveolanite Niveolanite somamin:Nobleite Nobleite somamin:Noelbensonite Noelbensonite somamin:Nolanite Nolanite somamin:NonmetallicMineral The majority of minerals are non-metallic, i.e., they are not elemental minerals which are of metal elements or alloys of metals. [Wikipedia] nonmetallic mineral somamin:Nontronite Nontronite somamin:Norbergite Norbergite somamin:Nordenskioeldine Nordenskioeldine somamin:Nordenskioldine Nordenskioldine somamin:Nordite_Ce Nordite (Ce) somamin:Nordite_La Nordite (La) somamin:Nordstrandite Nordstrandite somamin:Nordstroemite Nordstroemite somamin:Nordstromite Nordstromite somamin:Normandite Normandite somamin:Norrishite Norrishite somamin:Norsethite Norsethite somamin:Northupite Northupite somamin:Nosean Nosean somamin:Noselite Noselite somamin:Novacekite Novacekite somamin:Novakite Novakite somamin:Novgorodovaite Novgorodovaite somamin:Novodneprite Novodneprite somamin:Nowackiite Nowackiite somamin:Nsutite Nsutite somamin:Nuffieldite Nuffieldite somamin:Nukundamite Nukundamite somamin:Nullaginite Nullaginite somamin:Numanoite Numanoite somamin:Nussierite Nussierite somamin:Nyboite Nyboite somamin:Nyerereite Nyerereite somamin:Obertiite Obertiite somamin:Oboyerite Oboyerite somamin:Obradovicite Obradovicite somamin:Obruchevite Obruchevite somamin:Octahedrite Octahedrite somamin:Odanielite Odanielite somamin:Odinite Odinite somamin:Odintsovite Odintsovite somamin:Oellacherite Oellacherite somamin:Oenite Oenite somamin:Oerebroite Oerebroite somamin:Offretite Offretite somamin:Oftedalite Oftedalite somamin:Ogdensburgite Ogdensburgite somamin:Ohmilite Ohmilite somamin:Ojuelaite Ojuelaite somamin:Okanoganite_Y Okanoganite (Y) somamin:Okayamalite Okayamalite somamin:Okenite Okenite somamin:Okhotskite_Mg Okhotskite (Mg) somamin:Okhotskite_Mnplusplus Okhotskite (Mn++) somamin:Oldhamite Oldhamite somamin:Olekminskite Olekminskite somamin:Olenite Olenite somamin:Olgite Olgite somamin:Oligoclase Oligoclase somamin:Olivenite Olivenite somamin:Olivine Olivine somamin:Olkhonskite Olkhonskite somamin:Olmiite Olmiite somamin:Olmsteadite Olmsteadite somamin:Olsacherite Olsacherite somamin:Olshanskyite Olshanskyite somamin:Olvine olvine true misspelled term/IRI somamin:Olympite Olympite somamin:Omeiite Omeiite somamin:Ominelite Ominelite somamin:Omongwaite Omongwaite somamin:Omphacite Omphacite somamin:Oneillite Oneillite somamin:Onofrite Onofrite somamin:Onoratoite Onoratoite somamin:Oosterboschite Oosterboschite somamin:Opal Opal somamin:Orange_bornite Orange bornite somamin:Orangite Orangite somamin:Orcelite Orcelite somamin:Ordonezite Ordonezite somamin:Orebroite_III Orebroite-III somamin:Orebroite_VIII Orebroite-VIII somamin:Oregonite Oregonite somamin:Organovaite_Mn Organovaite-Mn somamin:Organovaite_Zn Organovaite-Zn somamin:Orickite Orickite somamin:Orientite Orientite somamin:Orlandiite Orlandiite somamin:Orlovite Orlovite somamin:Orlymanite Orlymanite somamin:Oro Oro somamin:Orpheite Orpheite somamin:Orpiment Orpiment somamin:Orschallite Orschallite somamin:Orthite Orthite somamin:Orthoantigorite Orthoantigorite somamin:Orthobrannerite Orthobrannerite somamin:Orthochamosite Orthochamosite somamin:Orthochevkinite Orthochevkinite somamin:Orthochrysotile Orthochrysotile somamin:Orthoclase Orthoclase somamin:Orthoenstatite Orthoenstatite somamin:Orthoericssonite Orthoericssonite somamin:Orthoferrosilite Orthoferrosilite somamin:Orthojoaquinite_Ce Orthojoaquinite (Ce) somamin:Orthojoaquinite_La Orthojoaquinite (La) somamin:Orthominasragrite Orthominasragrite somamin:Orthopinakiolite Orthopinakiolite somamin:Orthose Orthose somamin:Orthoserpierite Orthoserpierite somamin:Orthowalpurgite Orthowalpurgite somamin:Osakaite Osakaite somamin:Osarizawaite Osarizawaite somamin:Osarsite Osarsite somamin:Osbornite Osbornite somamin:Osmiridium Osmiridium somamin:Osmium Osmium somamin:Osumilite Osumilite somamin:Osumilite_Fe Osumilite (Fe) somamin:Osumilite_Mg Osumilite (Mg) somamin:Oswaldpeetersite Oswaldpeetersite somamin:Otavite Otavite somamin:Otjisumeite Otjisumeite somamin:Ottemannite Ottemannite somamin:Ottensite Ottensite somamin:Ottrelite Ottrelite somamin:Otwayite Otwayite somamin:Oulankaite Oulankaite somamin:Oulongaite Oulongaite somamin:Ourayite Ourayite somamin:Oursinite Oursinite somamin:Ovamboite Ovamboite somamin:Overite Overite somamin:Owensite Owensite somamin:Owyheeite Owyheeite somamin:Oxammite Oxammite somamin:Oxiberaunite Oxiberaunite somamin:Oxyberaunite Oxyberaunite somamin:Oxybiotite Oxybiotite somamin:Oxyhornblende Oxyhornblende somamin:Oxyjulgoldite Oxyjulgoldite somamin:Oxykaersutite Oxykaersutite somamin:Oxykertschenite Oxykertschenite somamin:Oxykinoshitalite Oxykinoshitalite somamin:Oxypetscheckite Oxypetscheckite somamin:Oxyvanite Oxyvanite somamin:Oyelite Oyelite somamin:Paakkonenite Paakkonenite somamin:Paarite Paarite somamin:Pabstite Pabstite somamin:Paceite Paceite somamin:Pachnolite Pachnolite somamin:Paderaite Paderaite somamin:Padmaite Padmaite somamin:Paganoite Paganoite somamin:Pahasapaite Pahasapaite somamin:Painite Painite somamin:Pakhomovskyite Pakhomovskyite somamin:Palarstanide Palarstanide somamin:Palenzonaite Palenzonaite somamin:Palermoite Palermoite somamin:Palladium Palladium somamin:Palladoarsenide Palladoarsenide somamin:Palladobismutharsenide Palladobismutharsenide somamin:Palladodymite Palladodymite somamin:Palladseite Palladseite somamin:Palmierite Palmierite somamin:Palygorskite Palygorskite somamin:Panasqueiraite Panasqueiraite somamin:Pandaite Pandaite somamin:Pandermite Pandermite somamin:Panethite Panethite somamin:Panichiite Panichiite somamin:Panunzite Panunzite somamin:Paolovite Paolovite somamin:Papagoite Papagoite somamin:Para_alumohydrocalcite Para-alumohydrocalcite somamin:Parabariomicrolite Parabariomicrolite somamin:Parabrandtite Parabrandtite somamin:Parabutlerite Parabutlerite somamin:Paracelsian Paracelsian somamin:Parachrysotile Parachrysotile somamin:Paracoquimbite Paracoquimbite somamin:Paracostibite Paracostibite somamin:Paradamite Paradamite somamin:Paradocrasite Paradocrasite somamin:Parafransoletite Parafransoletite somamin:Paragearksutite Paragearksutite somamin:Parageorgbokiite Parageorgbokiite somamin:Paragonite Paragonite somamin:Paraguanajuatite Paraguanajuatite somamin:Parahopeite Parahopeite somamin:Parajamesonite Parajamesonite somamin:Parakeldyshite Parakeldyshite somamin:Parakhinite Parakhinite somamin:Parakutnohorite Parakutnohorite somamin:Parakuzmenkoite_Fe Parakuzmenkoite-Fe somamin:Paralabuntsovite_Mg Paralabuntsovite-Mg somamin:Paralaurionite Paralaurionite somamin:Paralstonite Paralstonite somamin:Paramelaconite Paramelaconite somamin:Paramendozavilite Paramendozavilite somamin:Paramontroseite Paramontroseite somamin:Paranatisite Paranatisite somamin:Paranatrolite Paranatrolite somamin:Paraniite_Y Paraniite (Y) somamin:Paraotwayite Paraotwayite somamin:Parapierrotite Parapierrotite somamin:Pararammelsbergite Pararammelsbergite somamin:Pararealgar Pararealgar somamin:Pararobertsite Pararobertsite somamin:Pararsenolamprite Pararsenolamprite somamin:Paraschachnerite Paraschachnerite somamin:Paraschoepite Paraschoepite somamin:Parascholzite Parascholzite somamin:Parascorodite Parascorodite somamin:Parasibirskite Parasibirskite somamin:Paraspurrite Paraspurrite somamin:Parasymplesite Parasymplesite somamin:Paratacamite Paratacamite somamin:Paratellurite Paratellurite somamin:Paratooite_La Paratooite (La) somamin:Paratsepinite_Ba Paratsepinite-Ba somamin:Paratsepinite_Na Paratsepinite-Na somamin:Paraumbite Paraumbite somamin:Paravauxite Paravauxite somamin:Paravinogradovite Paravinogradovite somamin:Parawollastonite Parawollastonite somamin:Pargasite Pargasite somamin:Pargasite_K Pargasite-K somamin:Parisite_Ce Parisite (Ce) somamin:Parisite_Nd Parisite (Nd) somamin:Parkerite Parkerite somamin:Parkinsonite Parkinsonite somamin:Parnauite Parnauite somamin:Parsettensite Parsettensite somamin:Parsonsite Parsonsite somamin:Partheite Partheite somamin:Partzite Partzite somamin:Parvo_mangano_edenite Parvo-mangano-edenite somamin:Parvo_manganotremolite Parvo-manganotremolite somamin:Parvowinchite Parvowinchite somamin:Parwanite Parwanite somamin:Parwelite Parwelite somamin:Pasavaite Pasavaite somamin:Pascoite Pascoite somamin:Patronite Patronite somamin:Pattersonite Pattersonite somamin:Pauflerite Pauflerite somamin:Paulingite Paulingite somamin:Paulingite_Ca Paulingite-Ca somamin:Paulingite_K Paulingite-K somamin:Paulingite_Na Paulingite-Na somamin:Paulkellerite Paulkellerite somamin:Paulkerrite Paulkerrite somamin:Paulmooreite Paulmooreite somamin:Pautovite Pautovite somamin:Pavonite Pavonite somamin:Paxite Paxite somamin:Pearceite Pearceite somamin:Pearceite_M2a2b2c Pearceite-M2a2b2c somamin:Pearceite_T2ac Pearceite-T2ac somamin:Pearceite_Tac Pearceite-Tac somamin:Pecoraite Pecoraite somamin:Pectolite Pectolite somamin:Pehrmanite Pehrmanite somamin:Peisleyite Peisleyite somamin:Pekoite Pekoite somamin:Pekovite Pekovite somamin:Pellouxite Pellouxite somamin:Pellyite Pellyite somamin:Pendletonite Pendletonite somamin:Penfieldite Penfieldite somamin:Pengzhizhongite_24R Pengzhizhongite-24R somamin:Pengzhizhongite_6H Pengzhizhongite-6H somamin:Pengzhizhongite_6T Pengzhizhongite-6T somamin:Penikisite Penikisite somamin:Penkvilksite Penkvilksite somamin:Pennantite Pennantite somamin:Pennine Pennine somamin:Penobsquisite Penobsquisite somamin:Penroseite Penroseite somamin:Pentagonite Pentagonite somamin:Pentahydrite Pentahydrite somamin:Pentahydroborite Pentahydroborite somamin:Pentlandite Pentlandite somamin:Penwithite Penwithite somamin:Penzhinite Penzhinite somamin:Peprossiite_Ce Peprossiite (Ce) somamin:Percleveite_Ce Percleveite (Ce) somamin:Percylite Percylite somamin:Peretaite Peretaite somamin:Perhamite Perhamite somamin:Periclase Periclase somamin:Peridot Peridot somamin:Perite Perite somamin:Perlialite Perlialite somamin:Perloffite Perloffite somamin:Permanganogrunerite Permanganogrunerite somamin:Permingeatite Permingeatite somamin:Perofskite Perofskite somamin:Perovskite Perovskite somamin:Perraultite Perraultite somamin:Perrierite_Ce Perrierite (Ce) somamin:Perroudite Perroudite somamin:Perryite Perryite somamin:Pertlikite Pertlikite somamin:Pertsevite Pertsevite somamin:Petalite Petalite somamin:Petarasite Petarasite somamin:Petedunnite Petedunnite somamin:Peterbaylissite Peterbaylissite somamin:Petersenite_Ce Petersenite (Ce) somamin:Petersite_Y Petersite (Y) somamin:Petewilliamsite Petewilliamsite somamin:Petitjeanite Petitjeanite somamin:Petrovicite Petrovicite somamin:Petrovskaite Petrovskaite somamin:Petrukite Petrukite somamin:Petscheckite Petscheckite somamin:Petterdite Petterdite somamin:Petzite Petzite somamin:Pezzottaite Pezzottaite somamin:Phacellite Phacellite somamin:Pharmacolite Pharmacolite somamin:Pharmacosiderite Pharmacosiderite somamin:Phaunouxite Phaunouxite somamin:Phenakite Phenakite somamin:Phenenthrene Phenenthrene somamin:Philipsbornite Philipsbornite somamin:Philipsburgite Philipsburgite somamin:Phillipsite Phillipsite somamin:Phillipsite_Ca Phillipsite-Ca somamin:Phillipsite_K Phillipsite-K somamin:Phillipsite_Na Phillipsite-Na somamin:Philolithite Philolithite somamin:Phlogopite Phlogopite somamin:Phlogopite_Na Phlogopite-Na somamin:Phoenicochroite Phoenicochroite somamin:Phosgenite Phosgenite somamin:Phosinaite_Ce Phosinaite (Ce) somamin:Phosphammite Phosphammite somamin:Phosphate_walpurgite Phosphate-walpurgite somamin:Phosphoellenbergerite Phosphoellenbergerite somamin:Phosphoferrite Phosphoferrite somamin:Phosphofibrite Phosphofibrite somamin:Phosphogartrellite Phosphogartrellite somamin:Phosphohedyphane Phosphohedyphane somamin:Phosphoinnelite Phosphoinnelite somamin:Phosphomimetite Phosphomimetite somamin:Phosphophyllite Phosphophyllite somamin:Phosphorrosslerite Phosphorrosslerite somamin:Phosphosiderite Phosphosiderite somamin:Phosphovanadylite Phosphovanadylite somamin:Phosphowalpurgite Phosphowalpurgite somamin:Phosphuranylite Phosphuranylite somamin:Phthalimide Phthalimide somamin:Phuralumite Phuralumite somamin:Phurcalite Phurcalite somamin:Phyllotungstite Phyllotungstite somamin:Pianlinite Pianlinite somamin:Picene Picene somamin:Pickeringite Pickeringite somamin:Picotpaulite Picotpaulite somamin:Picroilmenite Picroilmenite somamin:Picromerite Picromerite somamin:Picropharmacolite Picropharmacolite somamin:Picrosmine Picrosmine somamin:Piedmontite Piedmontite somamin:Piemontite Piemontite somamin:Piemontite_Sr Piemontite (Sr) somamin:Piergorite_Ce Piergorite (Ce) somamin:Pierrotite Pierrotite somamin:Pigeonite Pigeonite somamin:Pillaite Pillaite somamin:Pilsenite Pilsenite somamin:Pimelite Pimelite somamin:Pinakiolite Pinakiolite somamin:Pinalite Pinalite somamin:Pinchite Pinchite somamin:Pingguite Pingguite somamin:Pinnoite Pinnoite somamin:Pintadoite Pintadoite somamin:Piotine Piotine somamin:Piretite Piretite somamin:Pirquitasite Pirquitasite somamin:Pirssonite Pirssonite somamin:Pistacite Pistacite somamin:Pistanite_copper_bearing Pistanite (copper bearing) somamin:Pitiglianoite Pitiglianoite somamin:Pitticite Pitticite somamin:Pittongite Pittongite somamin:Piypite Piypite somamin:Pizgrischite Pizgrischite somamin:Placodine Placodine somamin:Plagioclase Plagioclase somamin:Plagionite Plagionite somamin:Plancheite Plancheite somamin:Planerite Planerite somamin:Planoferrite Planoferrite somamin:Plasma Plasma somamin:Platarsite Platarsite somamin:Platiniridium Platiniridium somamin:Platinum Platinum somamin:Plattnerite Plattnerite somamin:Platynite Platynite somamin:Playfairite Playfairite somamin:Plazolite Plazolite somamin:Pleonaste Pleonaste somamin:Plessite Plessite somamin:Plimerite Plimerite somamin:Plombierite Plombierite somamin:Plumalsite Plumalsite somamin:Plumbago Plumbago somamin:Plumboagardite Plumboagardite somamin:Plumbobetafite Plumbobetafite somamin:Plumboferrite Plumboferrite somamin:Plumbogummite Plumbogummite somamin:Plumbojarosite Plumbojarosite somamin:Plumbomicrolite Plumbomicrolite somamin:Plumbonacrite Plumbonacrite somamin:Plumbopalladinite Plumbopalladinite somamin:Plumbophyllite Plumbophyllite somamin:Plumbopyrochlore Plumbopyrochlore somamin:Plumbotellurite Plumbotellurite somamin:Plumbotsumite Plumbotsumite somamin:Plumbum Plumbum somamin:Plumosite Plumosite somamin:Podlesnoite Podlesnoite somamin:Poitevinite Poitevinite somamin:Pokrovskite Pokrovskite somamin:Polarite Polarite somamin:Poldervaartite Poldervaartite somamin:Polhemusite Polhemusite somamin:Polianite Polianite somamin:Polkanovite Polkanovite somamin:Polkovicite Polkovicite somamin:Pollucite Pollucite somamin:Polyakovite_Ce Polyakovite (Ce) somamin:Polybasite Polybasite somamin:Polybasite_M2a2b2c Polybasite-M2a2b2c somamin:Polybasite_T2ac Polybasite-T2ac somamin:Polybasite_Tac Polybasite-Tac somamin:Polycrase_Y Polycrase (Y) somamin:Polydymite Polydymite somamin:Polyhalite Polyhalite somamin:Polylithionite Polylithionite somamin:Polymignite Polymignite somamin:Polyphite_VII Polyphite-VII somamin:Polyphite_VIII Polyphite-VIII somamin:Polysphaerite Polysphaerite somamin:Ponomarevite Ponomarevite somamin:Poppiite Poppiite somamin:Portlandite Portlandite somamin:Posnjakite Posnjakite somamin:Potarite Potarite somamin:Potash_Alum Potash Alum somamin:Potash_Mica Potash Mica somamin:Potassic_carpholite Potassic-carpholite somamin:Potassic_chlorohastingsite Potassic-chlorohastingsite somamin:Potassic_chloropargasite Potassic-chloropargasite somamin:Potassic_ferropargasite Potassic-ferropargasite somamin:Potassic_fluororichterite Potassic-fluororichterite somamin:Potassic_magnesiohastingsite Potassic-magnesiohastingsite somamin:Potassic_magnesiosadanagaite Potassic-magnesiosadanagaite somamin:Potassicarfvedsonite Potassicarfvedsonite somamin:Potassiccarpholite Potassiccarpholite somamin:Potassicferrisadanagaite Potassicferrisadanagaite somamin:Potassicleakeite Potassicleakeite somamin:Potassicpargasite Potassicpargasite somamin:Potassicrichterite Potassicrichterite somamin:Potassicsadanagaite Potassicsadanagaite somamin:Potassium_alum Potassium-alum somamin:Potassium_autunite Potassium autunite somamin:Potassium_fluor_richterite Potassium-fluor-richterite somamin:Potosiite Potosiite somamin:Pottsite Pottsite somamin:Poubaite Poubaite somamin:Poudretteite Poudretteite somamin:Poughite Poughite somamin:Povondraite Povondraite somamin:Powellite Powellite somamin:Poyarkovite Poyarkovite somamin:Prase Prase somamin:Prassoite Prassoite somamin:Pravdite Pravdite somamin:Precious_opal Precious opal somamin:Prehnite Prehnite somamin:Preisingerite Preisingerite somamin:Preiswerkite Preiswerkite somamin:Preobrazhenskite Preobrazhenskite somamin:Pretulite Pretulite somamin:Prewittite Prewittite somamin:Priazovite Priazovite somamin:Priceite Priceite somamin:Priderite Priderite somamin:Pringleite Pringleite somamin:Prismatine Prismatine somamin:Prixite Prixite somamin:Probertite Probertite somamin:Prochlorite Prochlorite somamin:Proshchenkoite_Y Proshchenkoite (Y) somamin:Prosopite Prosopite somamin:Prosperite Prosperite somamin:Protasite Protasite somamin:Protoallophane Protoallophane somamin:Protoanthophyllite Protoanthophyllite somamin:Protoantigorite Protoantigorite somamin:Protoferro_anthophyllite Protoferro-anthophyllite somamin:Protojoseite Protojoseite somamin:Protomangano_ferro_anthophyllite Protomangano-ferro-anthophyllite somamin:Proudite Proudite somamin:Proustite Proustite somamin:Przhevalskite Przhevalskite somamin:Pseudo_autunite Pseudo-autunite somamin:Pseudoboehmite Pseudoboehmite somamin:Pseudoboleite Pseudoboleite somamin:Pseudobrookite Pseudobrookite somamin:Pseudocotunnite Pseudocotunnite somamin:Pseudograndreefite Pseudograndreefite somamin:Pseudojohannite Pseudojohannite somamin:Pseudolaueite Pseudolaueite somamin:Pseudomalachite Pseudomalachite somamin:Pseudonatrolite Pseudonatrolite somamin:Pseudorutile Pseudorutile somamin:Pseudosinhalite Pseudosinhalite somamin:Psilomelane Psilomelane somamin:Ptilolite Ptilolite somamin:Pucherite Pucherite somamin:Pumpellyite Pumpellyite somamin:Pumpellyite_Al Pumpellyite (Al) somamin:Pumpellyite_Feplusplus Pumpellyite (Fe++) somamin:Pumpellyite_Feplusplusplus Pumpellyite (Fe+++) somamin:Pumpellyite_Mg Pumpellyite (Mg) somamin:Pumpellyite_Mnplusplus Pumpellyite (Mn++) somamin:Punkaruaivite Punkaruaivite somamin:Purpurite Purpurite somamin:Pushcharovskite Pushcharovskite somamin:Putoranite Putoranite somamin:Putzite Putzite somamin:Pyatenkoite_Y Pyatenkoite (Y) somamin:Pycnite Pycnite somamin:Pyrantimonite Pyrantimonite somamin:Pyrargyrite Pyrargyrite somamin:Pyrite Pyrite somamin:Pyroaurite Pyroaurite somamin:Pyrobelonite Pyrobelonite somamin:Pyrochlore Pyrochlore somamin:Pyrochroite Pyrochroite somamin:Pyrocoproite Pyrocoproite somamin:Pyrolite pyrolite true misspelled term/IRI somamin:Pyrolusite Pyrolusite somamin:Pyromorphite Pyromorphite somamin:Pyrope Pyrope somamin:Pyrophanite Pyrophanite somamin:Pyrophosphite Pyrophosphite somamin:Pyrophyllite Pyrophyllite somamin:Pyrosmalite_Fe Pyrosmalite (Fe) somamin:Pyrosmalite_Mn Pyrosmalite (Mn) somamin:Pyrostilpnite Pyrostilpnite somamin:Pyroxene pyroxene somamin:Pyroxferroite Pyroxferroite somamin:Pyroxine pyroxine true somamin:Pyroxmangite Pyroxmangite somamin:Pyrrhotite Pyrrhotite somamin:Qandilite Qandilite somamin:Qaqarssukite_Ce Qaqarssukite (Ce) somamin:Qilianshanite Qilianshanite somamin:Qingheiite Qingheiite somamin:Qitianlingite Qitianlingite somamin:Quadratite Quadratite somamin:Quadridavyne Quadridavyne somamin:Quadruphite_VII Quadruphite-VII somamin:Quadruphite_VIII Quadruphite-VIII somamin:Quartx Quartx somamin:Quartz quartz somamin:Quecksilber Quecksilber somamin:Queitite Queitite somamin:Quenselite Quenselite somamin:Quenstedtite Quenstedtite somamin:Quetenite Quetenite somamin:Quetzalcoatlite Quetzalcoatlite somamin:Quicksilver Quicksilver somamin:Quintinite_2H Quintinite-2H somamin:Quintinite_3T Quintinite-3T somamin:Qusongite Qusongite somamin:Raadeite Raadeite somamin:Rabbittite Rabbittite somamin:Rabejacite Rabejacite somamin:Radhakrishnaite Radhakrishnaite somamin:Radiobarite Radiobarite somamin:Radovanite Radovanite somamin:Radtkeite Radtkeite somamin:Rafaelite Rafaelite somamin:Raguinite Raguinite somamin:Raite Raite somamin:Rajite Rajite somamin:Ralstonite Ralstonite somamin:Ramanite_Cs Ramanite (Cs) somamin:Ramanite_Rb Ramanite (Rb) somamin:Rambergite Rambergite somamin:Ramdohrite Ramdohrite somamin:Rameauite Rameauite somamin:Rammelsbergite Rammelsbergite somamin:Ramsayite Ramsayite somamin:Ramsbeckite Ramsbeckite somamin:Ramsdellite Ramsdellite somamin:Rancieite Rancieite somamin:Rankachite Rankachite somamin:Rankamaite Rankamaite somamin:Rankinite Rankinite somamin:Ranquilite Ranquilite somamin:Ransomite Ransomite somamin:Ranunculite Ranunculite somamin:Rapidcreekite Rapidcreekite somamin:Rappoldite Rappoldite somamin:Raslakite Raslakite somamin:Rasorite Rasorite somamin:Raspite Raspite somamin:Rastsvetaevite Rastsvetaevite somamin:Rasvumite Rasvumite somamin:Rathite Rathite somamin:Rathite_1a Rathite-1a somamin:Rathite_I Rathite-I somamin:Rathite_II Rathite-II somamin:Rathite_IV Rathite-IV somamin:Rauenthalite Rauenthalite somamin:Rauvite Rauvite somamin:Ravatite Ravatite somamin:Rayite Rayite somamin:Realgar Realgar somamin:Rebulite Rebulite somamin:Rectorite Rectorite somamin:Reddingite Reddingite somamin:Redgillite Redgillite somamin:Redingtonite Redingtonite somamin:Redledgeite Redledgeite somamin:Reederite_Y Reederite (Y) somamin:Reedmergnerite Reedmergnerite somamin:Reevesite Reevesite somamin:Refikite Refikite somamin:Reichardite Reichardite somamin:Reichenbachite Reichenbachite somamin:Reidite Reidite somamin:Reinerite Reinerite somamin:Reinhardbraunsite Reinhardbraunsite somamin:Remondite_Ce Remondite (Ce) somamin:Remondite_La Remondite (La) somamin:Renardite Renardite somamin:Rengeite Rengeite somamin:Renierite Renierite somamin:Reniforite Reniforite somamin:Reppiaite Reppiaite somamin:Resin Resin somamin:Retgersite Retgersite somamin:Retzian Retzian somamin:Retzian_Ce Retzian (Ce) somamin:Retzian_La Retzian (La) somamin:Retzian_Nd Retzian (Nd) somamin:Revdanskite Revdanskite somamin:Revdite Revdite somamin:Revised Revised somamin:Reyerite Reyerite somamin:Rhabdite Rhabdite somamin:Rhabdophane_Ce Rhabdophane (Ce) somamin:Rhabdophane_La Rhabdophane (La) somamin:Rhabdophane_Nd Rhabdophane (Nd) somamin:Rheniite Rheniite somamin:Rhenium Rhenium somamin:Rhodarsenide Rhodarsenide somamin:Rhodesite Rhodesite somamin:Rhodium Rhodium somamin:Rhodizite Rhodizite somamin:Rhodochrosite Rhodochrosite somamin:Rhodolite Rhodolite somamin:Rhodonite Rhodonite somamin:Rhodostannite Rhodostannite somamin:Rhodplumsite Rhodplumsite somamin:Rhoenite Rhoenite somamin:Rhomboclase Rhomboclase somamin:Rhonite Rhonite somamin:Ribbeite Ribbeite somamin:Richellite Richellite somamin:Richelsdorfite Richelsdorfite somamin:Richetite Richetite somamin:Richterite Richterite somamin:Richterite_K Richterite-K somamin:Rickardite Rickardite somamin:Riebeckite Riebeckite somamin:Rijkeboerite Rijkeboerite somamin:Rilandite Rilandite somamin:Rimkorolgite Rimkorolgite somamin:Ringwoodite Ringwoodite somamin:Rinkite Rinkite somamin:Rinkolite Rinkolite somamin:Rinmanite Rinmanite somamin:Rinneite Rinneite somamin:Riomarinaite Riomarinaite somamin:Ripidolite Ripidolite somamin:Rittingerite Rittingerite somamin:Rittmannite Rittmannite somamin:Rivadavite Rivadavite somamin:Riversideite Riversideite somamin:Roaldite Roaldite somamin:Robertsite Robertsite somamin:Robinsonite Robinsonite somamin:Rock_Crystal Rock Crystal somamin:Rock_Salt Rock Salt somamin:Rockbridgeite Rockbridgeite somamin:Rodalquilarite Rodalquilarite somamin:Rodolicoite Rodolicoite somamin:Roeblingite Roeblingite somamin:Roedderite Roedderite somamin:Roemerite Roemerite somamin:Roesslerite Roesslerite somamin:Roggianite Roggianite somamin:Rohaite Rohaite somamin:Rokuehnite Rokuehnite somamin:Rokuhnite Rokuhnite somamin:Rollandite Rollandite somamin:Romanechite Romanechite somamin:Romanite Romanite somamin:Romarchite Romarchite somamin:Romeite Romeite somamin:Romerite Romerite somamin:Rondorfite Rondorfite somamin:Ronneburgite Ronneburgite somamin:Rontgenite_Ce Rontgenite (Ce) somamin:Rooseveltite Rooseveltite somamin:Roquesite Roquesite somamin:Rorisite Rorisite somamin:Rosasite Rosasite somamin:Roscherite Roscherite somamin:Roscoelite Roscoelite somamin:Rose_Quartz Rose Quartz somamin:Roselite Roselite somamin:Roselite_beta Roselite-beta somamin:Rosemaryite Rosemaryite somamin:Rosenbergite Rosenbergite somamin:Rosenbuschite Rosenbuschite somamin:Rosenhahnite Rosenhahnite somamin:Roshchinite Roshchinite somamin:Rosiaite Rosiaite somamin:Rosickyite Rosickyite somamin:Rosieresite Rosieresite somamin:Rossite Rossite somamin:Rosslerite Rosslerite somamin:Rossmanite Rossmanite somamin:Rostite Rostite somamin:Rottisite Rottisite somamin:Rouaite Rouaite somamin:Roubaultite Roubaultite somamin:Rouseite Rouseite somamin:Routhierite Routhierite somamin:Rouvilleite Rouvilleite somamin:Rouxelite Rouxelite somamin:Roweite Roweite somamin:Rowlandite_Y Rowlandite (Y) somamin:Roxbyite Roxbyite somamin:Rozenite Rozenite somamin:Rozhkovite Rozhkovite somamin:Ruarsite Ruarsite somamin:Rubellite Rubellite somamin:Rubicelle Rubicelle somamin:Rubicline Rubicline somamin:Ruby Ruby somamin:Rucklidgeite Rucklidgeite somamin:Rudashevskyite Rudashevskyite somamin:Rudenkoite Rudenkoite somamin:Ruifrancoite Ruifrancoite somamin:Ruitenbergite Ruitenbergite somamin:Ruizite Ruizite somamin:Rusakovite Rusakovite somamin:Russellite Russellite somamin:Rustenburgite Rustenburgite somamin:Rustumite Rustumite somamin:Ruthenarsenite Ruthenarsenite somamin:Rutheniridosmine Rutheniridosmine somamin:Rutheniridosmium Rutheniridosmium somamin:Ruthenium Ruthenium somamin:Ruthenosmiridium Ruthenosmiridium somamin:Rutherfordine Rutherfordine somamin:Rutile Rutile somamin:Rynersonite Rynersonite somamin:Sabatierite Sabatierite somamin:Sabelliite Sabelliite somamin:Sabieite Sabieite somamin:Sabinaite Sabinaite somamin:Sabugalite Sabugalite somamin:Sacrofanite Sacrofanite somamin:Sadanagaite Sadanagaite somamin:Sadanagaite_K Sadanagaite-K somamin:Saddlebackite Saddlebackite somamin:Safflorite Safflorite somamin:Sagenite Sagenite somamin:Sahamalite_Ce Sahamalite (Ce) somamin:Sahlinite Sahlinite somamin:Sailaufite Sailaufite somamin:Saimaite Saimaite somamin:Sainfeldite Sainfeldite somamin:Sakhaite Sakhaite somamin:Sakharovaite Sakharovaite somamin:Sakuraiite Sakuraiite somamin:Sal_ammoniac Sal-ammoniac somamin:Salammoniac Salammoniac somamin:Saleeite Saleeite somamin:Salesite Salesite somamin:Saliotite Saliotite somamin:Salmiac Salmiac somamin:Salmoite Salmoite somamin:Salpeter Salpeter somamin:Salzburgite Salzburgite somamin:Samaniite Samaniite somamin:Samarskite_Y Samarskite (Y) somamin:Samarskite_Yb Samarskite (Yb) somamin:Samfowlerite Samfowlerite somamin:Samiresite Samiresite somamin:Sampleite Sampleite somamin:Samsonite Samsonite somamin:Samuelsonite Samuelsonite somamin:Sanbornite Sanbornite somamin:Sandbergite Sandbergite somamin:Sanderite Sanderite somamin:Saneroite Saneroite somamin:Sanguinite Sanguinite somamin:Sanidine Sanidine somamin:Sanjuanite Sanjuanite somamin:Sanmartinite Sanmartinite somamin:Sanromanite Sanromanite somamin:Santabarbaraite Santabarbaraite somamin:Santaclaraite Santaclaraite somamin:Santafeite Santafeite somamin:Santanaite Santanaite somamin:Santarosaite Santarosaite somamin:Santite Santite somamin:Saponite Saponite somamin:Sapphire Sapphire somamin:Sapphire_Quartz Sapphire Quartz somamin:Sapphirine Sapphirine somamin:Sapphiros Sapphiros somamin:Sarabauite Sarabauite somamin:Sarcolite Sarcolite somamin:Sarcopside Sarcopside somamin:Sarkinite Sarkinite somamin:Sarmientite Sarmientite somamin:Sartorite Sartorite somamin:Saryarkite_Y Saryarkite (Y) somamin:Sasaite Sasaite somamin:Sassolite Sassolite somamin:Satimolite Satimolite somamin:Satin_Spar Satin Spar somamin:Satpaevite Satpaevite somamin:Satterlyite Satterlyite somamin:Sauconite Sauconite somamin:Saukovite_Cd Saukovite(Cd) somamin:Sayrite Sayrite somamin:Sazhinite_Ce Sazhinite (Ce) somamin:Sazhinite_La Sazhinite (La) somamin:Sazykinaite_Y Sazykinaite (Y) somamin:Sborgite Sborgite somamin:Scacchite Scacchite somamin:Scainiite Scainiite somamin:Scandiobabingtonite Scandiobabingtonite somamin:Scandium_microlite Scandium microlite somamin:Scapolite Scapolite somamin:Scarbroite Scarbroite somamin:Scawtite Scawtite somamin:Schachnerite Schachnerite somamin:Schadeite Schadeite somamin:Schafarzikite Schafarzikite somamin:Schaferite Schaferite somamin:Schairerite Schairerite somamin:Schallerite Schallerite somamin:Schapbachite Schapbachite somamin:Schaurteite Schaurteite somamin:Scheelite Scheelite somamin:Schertelite Schertelite somamin:Scheteligite Scheteligite somamin:Scheuchzerite Scheuchzerite somamin:Schiavinatoite Schiavinatoite somamin:Schieffelinite Schieffelinite somamin:Schirmerite Schirmerite somamin:Schlegelite Schlegelite somamin:Schlemaite Schlemaite somamin:Schlossmacherite Schlossmacherite somamin:Schmeiderite Schmeiderite somamin:Schmiederite Schmiederite somamin:Schmitterite Schmitterite somamin:Schneebergite Schneebergite somamin:Schneiderhoehnite Schneiderhoehnite somamin:Schneiderhohnite Schneiderhohnite somamin:Schoderite Schoderite somamin:Schoellhornite Schoellhornite somamin:Schoenfliesite Schoenfliesite somamin:Schoenite Schoenite somamin:Schoepite Schoepite somamin:Schollhornite Schollhornite somamin:Scholzite Scholzite somamin:Schoonerite Schoonerite somamin:Schorl Schorl somamin:Schorl_F Schorl (F) somamin:Schorlomite Schorlomite somamin:Schreibersite Schreibersite somamin:Schreyerite Schreyerite somamin:Schrockingerite Schrockingerite somamin:Schroeckingerite Schroeckingerite somamin:Schrotterite Schrotterite somamin:Schubnelite Schubnelite somamin:Schuetteite Schuetteite somamin:Schuilingite_Nd Schuilingite (Nd) somamin:Schulenbergite Schulenbergite somamin:Schultenite Schultenite somamin:Schumacherite Schumacherite somamin:Schwartzembergite Schwartzembergite somamin:Schwefel Schwefel somamin:Schwertmannite Schwertmannite somamin:Sclarite Sclarite somamin:Scleroclase Scleroclase somamin:Scolecite Scolecite somamin:Scorodite Scorodite somamin:Scorzalite Scorzalite somamin:Scotiolite Scotiolite somamin:Scotlandite Scotlandite somamin:Scrutinyite Scrutinyite somamin:Seamanite Seamanite somamin:Searlesite Searlesite somamin:Sederholmite Sederholmite somamin:Sedovite Sedovite somamin:Seeligerite Seeligerite somamin:Seelite_1 Seelite-1 somamin:Seelite_2 Seelite-2 somamin:Segelerite Segelerite somamin:Segnitite Segnitite somamin:Seidite_Ce Seidite (Ce) somamin:Seidozerite Seidozerite somamin:Seifertite Seifertite somamin:Seinajokite Seinajokite somamin:Sekaninaite Sekaninaite somamin:Selen_tellurium Selen tellurium somamin:Selenite Selenite somamin:Selenium Selenium somamin:Selenojalpaite Selenojalpaite somamin:Selenolite Selenolite somamin:Selenopolybasite Selenopolybasite somamin:Selenopolybasite_Tac Selenopolybasite-Tac somamin:Selenostephanite Selenostephanite somamin:Seligmannite Seligmannite somamin:Sellaite Sellaite somamin:Selwynite Selwynite somamin:Semenovite Semenovite somamin:Semseyite Semseyite somamin:Senaite Senaite somamin:Senarmontite Senarmontite somamin:Senegalite Senegalite somamin:Senekevichite Senekevichite somamin:Sengierite Sengierite somamin:Sepiolite Sepiolite somamin:Serandite Serandite somamin:Serbianite Serbianite somamin:Serendibite Serendibite somamin:Sergeevite Sergeevite somamin:Serpentine Serpentine somamin:Serpierite Serpierite somamin:Serrabrancaite Serrabrancaite somamin:Severginite Severginite somamin:Sewardite Sewardite somamin:Seybertite Seybertite somamin:Shabaite_Nd Shabaite (Nd) somamin:Shabynite Shabynite somamin:Shadlunite Shadlunite somamin:Shafranovskite Shafranovskite somamin:Shahovite Shahovite somamin:Shakhovite Shakhovite somamin:Shandite Shandite somamin:Shannonite Shannonite somamin:Sharpite Sharpite somamin:Shattuckite Shattuckite somamin:Shcherbakovite Shcherbakovite somamin:Shcherbinaite Shcherbinaite somamin:Sheldrickite Sheldrickite somamin:Sheridanite Sheridanite somamin:Sherwoodite Sherwoodite somamin:Shibkovite Shibkovite somamin:Shigaite Shigaite somamin:Shirokshinite Shirokshinite somamin:Shirozulite Shirozulite somamin:Shkatulkalite Shkatulkalite somamin:Shlykovite Shlykovite somamin:Shomiokite_Y Shomiokite (Y) somamin:Shortite Shortite somamin:Shuangfengite Shuangfengite somamin:Shubnikovite Shubnikovite somamin:Shuiskite Shuiskite somamin:Sibirskite Sibirskite somamin:Sicherite Sicherite somamin:Sicklerite Sicklerite somamin:Siderazot Siderazot somamin:Siderite Siderite somamin:Sideronatrite Sideronatrite somamin:Siderophyllite Siderophyllite somamin:Siderotil Siderotil somamin:Sidorenkite Sidorenkite somamin:Sidpietersite Sidpietersite somamin:Sidwillite Sidwillite somamin:Siegenite Siegenite somamin:Sieleckiite Sieleckiite somamin:Sigismundite Sigismundite somamin:Sigloite Sigloite somamin:Silhydrite Silhydrite somamin:Silicified_pyrochlore Silicified pyrochlore somamin:Silicium Silicium somamin:Silicon Silicon somamin:Silicosmirnovskite Silicosmirnovskite somamin:Silinaite Silinaite somamin:Sillenite Sillenite somamin:Sillimanite Sillimanite somamin:Silver Silver somamin:Silvialite Silvialite somamin:Simferite Simferite somamin:Simmonsite Simmonsite somamin:Simonellite Simonellite somamin:Simonite Simonite somamin:Simonkolleite Simonkolleite somamin:Simplotite Simplotite somamin:Simpsonite Simpsonite somamin:Sincosite Sincosite somamin:Sinhalite Sinhalite somamin:Sinjarite Sinjarite somamin:Sinkankasite Sinkankasite somamin:Sinnerite Sinnerite somamin:Sinoite Sinoite somamin:Siserskite Siserskite somamin:Sismondine Sismondine somamin:Sismondine_Mg Sismondine(Mg) somamin:Sitinakite Sitinakite somamin:Sjoegrenite Sjoegrenite somamin:Sjogrenite Sjogrenite somamin:Skaergaardite Skaergaardite somamin:Skinnerite Skinnerite somamin:Skippenite Skippenite somamin:Skleroklas Skleroklas somamin:Sklodowskite Sklodowskite somamin:Skorpionite Skorpionite somamin:Skutterudite Skutterudite somamin:Slavikite Slavikite somamin:Slavkovite Slavkovite somamin:Slawsonite Slawsonite somamin:Smaltite Smaltite somamin:Smaragdite Smaragdite somamin:Smectite Smectite somamin:Smirnite Smirnite somamin:Smirnovskite Smirnovskite somamin:Smithite Smithite somamin:Smithsonite Smithsonite somamin:Smoky_Quartz Smoky Quartz somamin:Smolianinovite Smolianinovite somamin:Smrkovecite Smrkovecite somamin:Smythite Smythite somamin:Soapstone Soapstone somamin:Sobolevite Sobolevite somamin:Sobolevskite Sobolevskite somamin:Sobotkite Sobotkite somamin:Soda Soda somamin:Soda_Microcline Soda Microcline somamin:Soda_Niter Soda Niter somamin:Sodalite Sodalite somamin:Soddyite Soddyite somamin:Sodic_ferri_ferropedrizite Sodic-ferri-ferropedrizite somamin:Sodic_ferriclinoferroholmquistite Sodic-ferriclinoferroholmquistite somamin:Sodic_ferripedrizite Sodic-ferripedrizite somamin:Sodic_ferro_anthophyllite Sodic-ferro-anthophyllite somamin:Sodic_ferrogedrite Sodic-ferrogedrite somamin:Sodicanthophyllite Sodicanthophyllite somamin:Sodicgedrite Sodicgedrite somamin:Sodium_Chloride Sodium Chloride somamin:Sodium_Fluoride Sodium Fluoride somamin:Sodium_Komarovite Sodium-Komarovite somamin:Sodium_alum Sodium alum somamin:Sodium_anthophyllite Sodium-anthophyllite somamin:Sodium_autunite Sodium-autunite somamin:Sodium_betpakdalite Sodium betpakdalite somamin:Sodium_bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate somamin:Sodium_boltwoodite Sodium boltwoodite somamin:Sodium_colbalt_thiocyanate Sodium colbalt thiocyanate somamin:Sodium_gedrite Sodium-gedrite somamin:Sodium_hydromica Sodium hydromica somamin:Sodium_illite Sodium illite somamin:Sodium_meta_autunite Sodium meta-autunite somamin:Sodium_pharmacosiderite Sodium pharmacosiderite somamin:Sodium_phlogopite Sodium phlogopite somamin:Sodium_uranospinite Sodium uranospinite somamin:Sodium_zippeite Sodium-zippeite somamin:Sodium_zippite Sodium-zippite somamin:Sodiumdachiardite Sodiumdachiardite somamin:Sodiumphlogopite Sodiumphlogopite somamin:Soehngeite Soehngeite somamin:Sofiite Sofiite somamin:Sogdianite Sogdianite somamin:Sohngeite Sohngeite somamin:Sokolovaite Sokolovaite somamin:Solongoite Solongoite somamin:Sonolite Sonolite somamin:Sonoraite Sonoraite somamin:Sopcheite Sopcheite somamin:Sophiite Sophiite somamin:Sorbyite Sorbyite somamin:Sorensenite Sorensenite somamin:Sorosite Sorosite somamin:Sosedkoite Sosedkoite somamin:Soucekite Soucekite somamin:Souesite Souesite somamin:Soufre Soufre somamin:Souzalite Souzalite somamin:Spadaite Spadaite somamin:Spangolite Spangolite somamin:Spathose_iron Spathose iron somamin:Spectrolite Spectrolite somamin:Specularite Specularite somamin:Spenceite Spenceite somamin:Spencerite Spencerite somamin:Sperrylite Sperrylite somamin:Spertiniite Spertiniite somamin:Spessartine Spessartine somamin:Spessartite Spessartite somamin:Sphaerobertrandite Sphaerobertrandite somamin:Sphaerobismoite Sphaerobismoite somamin:Sphaerocobaltite Sphaerocobaltite somamin:Sphalerite Sphalerite somamin:Sphene Sphene somamin:Spheniscidite Spheniscidite somamin:Spinel Spinel somamin:Spionkopite Spionkopite somamin:Spiroffite Spiroffite somamin:Spodiophyllite Spodiophyllite somamin:Spodiosite Spodiosite somamin:Spodumene Spodumene somamin:Spriggite Spriggite somamin:Springcreekite Springcreekite somamin:Spurrite Spurrite somamin:Squawcreekite Squawcreekite somamin:Srbianite Srbianite somamin:Srebrodolskite Srebrodolskite somamin:Sreinite Sreinite somamin:Srilankite Srilankite somamin:Stalderite Stalderite somamin:Stanekite Stanekite somamin:Stanfieldite Stanfieldite somamin:Stanleyite Stanleyite somamin:Stannite Stannite somamin:Stannoenargite Stannoenargite somamin:Stannoidite Stannoidite somamin:Stannomicrolite Stannomicrolite somamin:Stannopalladinite Stannopalladinite somamin:Staringite Staringite somamin:Starkeyite Starkeyite somamin:Staurolite Staurolite somamin:Staurotide Staurotide somamin:Stavelotite_La Stavelotite (La) somamin:Steacyite Steacyite somamin:Steatite Steatite somamin:Steenstrupine_Ce Steenstrupine (Ce) somamin:Steigerite Steigerite somamin:Stellerite Stellerite somamin:Stenhuggarite Stenhuggarite somamin:Stenonite Stenonite somamin:Stepanovite Stepanovite somamin:Stephanite Stephanite somamin:Stercorite Stercorite somamin:Sterlinghillite Sterlinghillite somamin:Sternbergite Sternbergite somamin:Steropesite Steropesite somamin:Sterrettite Sterrettite somamin:Sterryite Sterryite somamin:Stetefeldtite Stetefeldtite somamin:Stetfeldtite Stetfeldtite somamin:Stevensite Stevensite somamin:Steverustite Steverustite somamin:Stewartite Stewartite somamin:Stibarsen Stibarsen somamin:Stibiconite Stibiconite somamin:Stibiobetafite Stibiobetafite somamin:Stibioclaudetite Stibioclaudetite somamin:Stibiocolumbite Stibiocolumbite somamin:Stibiocolusite Stibiocolusite somamin:Stibioenargite Stibioenargite somamin:Stibiomicrolite Stibiomicrolite somamin:Stibiopalladinite Stibiopalladinite somamin:Stibiotantalite Stibiotantalite somamin:Stibium Stibium somamin:Stibivanite Stibivanite somamin:Stibnite Stibnite somamin:Stichtite Stichtite somamin:Stilbite Stilbite somamin:Stilbite_Ca Stilbite-Ca somamin:Stilbite_Na Stilbite-Na somamin:Stilleite Stilleite somamin:Stillwaterite Stillwaterite somamin:Stillwellite_Ce Stillwellite (Ce) somamin:Stilpnomelane Stilpnomelane somamin:Stishovite Stishovite somamin:Stistaite Stistaite somamin:Stoiberite Stoiberite somamin:Stokesite Stokesite somamin:Stolzite Stolzite somamin:Stoppaniite Stoppaniite somamin:Stornesite_Y Stornesite (Y) somamin:Stottite Stottite somamin:Straczekite Straczekite somamin:Straetlingite Straetlingite somamin:Strakhovite Strakhovite somamin:Stranskiite Stranskiite somamin:Strashimirite Strashimirite somamin:Stratlingite Stratlingite somamin:Stratopeite Stratopeite somamin:Strelkinite Strelkinite somamin:Strengite Strengite somamin:Stringhamite Stringhamite somamin:Stromeyerite Stromeyerite somamin:Stronalsite Stronalsite somamin:Strontianite Strontianite somamin:Strontio_orthojoaquinite Strontio-orthojoaquinite somamin:Strontioborite Strontioborite somamin:Strontiochevkinite Strontiochevkinite somamin:Strontiodresserite Strontiodresserite somamin:Strontioginorite Strontioginorite somamin:Strontiojoaquinite Strontiojoaquinite somamin:Strontiomelane Strontiomelane somamin:Strontiopiemontite Strontiopiemontite somamin:Strontiopyrochlore Strontiopyrochlore somamin:Strontiowhitlockite Strontiowhitlockite somamin:Strontium_Hilgardite Strontium Hilgardite somamin:Strontium_apatite Strontium-apatite somamin:Strontiumbrewsterite Strontiumbrewsterite somamin:Strueverite Strueverite somamin:Strunzite Strunzite somamin:Struverite Struverite somamin:Struvite Struvite somamin:Struvite_K Struvite-K somamin:Studenitsite Studenitsite somamin:Studtite Studtite somamin:Stuetzite Stuetzite somamin:Stumpflite Stumpflite somamin:Sturmanite Sturmanite somamin:Sturtite Sturtite somamin:Stutzite Stutzite somamin:Stypticite Stypticite somamin:Suanite Suanite somamin:Succinite Succinite somamin:Sudburyite Sudburyite somamin:Sudoite Sudoite somamin:Sudovikovite Sudovikovite somamin:Suessite Suessite somamin:Sugakiite Sugakiite somamin:Sugilite Sugilite somamin:Suhailite Suhailite somamin:Sukulaite Sukulaite somamin:Sulfatic_cancrinite Sulfatic cancrinite somamin:Sulfoborite Sulfoborite somamin:Sulfur Sulfur somamin:Sulphohalite Sulphohalite somamin:Sulphotsumoite Sulphotsumoite somamin:Sulrhodite Sulrhodite somamin:Sulvanite Sulvanite somamin:Sundiusite Sundiusite somamin:Sunstone Sunstone somamin:Suolunite Suolunite somamin:Suredaite Suredaite somamin:Surinamite Surinamite somamin:Surite Surite somamin:Surkhobite Surkhobite somamin:Sursassite Sursassite somamin:Susannite Susannite somamin:Sussexite Sussexite somamin:Suzukiite Suzukiite somamin:Svabite Svabite somamin:Svanbergite Svanbergite somamin:Sveite Sveite somamin:Svenekite Svenekite somamin:Sverigeite Sverigeite somamin:Svetlozarite Svetlozarite somamin:Svyatoslavite Svyatoslavite somamin:Svyazhinite Svyazhinite somamin:Swaknoite Swaknoite somamin:Swamboite Swamboite somamin:Swartzite Swartzite somamin:Swedenborgite Swedenborgite somamin:Sweetite Sweetite somamin:Swelling_chlorite Swelling chlorite somamin:Swinefordite Swinefordite somamin:Switzerite Switzerite somamin:Sylvanite Sylvanite somamin:Sylvite Sylvite somamin:Symesite Symesite somamin:Symplesite Symplesite somamin:Synadelphite Synadelphite somamin:Synchysite_Ce Synchysite (Ce) somamin:Synchysite_Nd Synchysite (Nd) somamin:Synchysite_Y Synchysite (Y) somamin:Syngenite Syngenite somamin:Szaibelyite Szaibelyite somamin:Szenicsite Szenicsite somamin:Szmikite Szmikite somamin:Szomolnokite Szomolnokite somamin:Sztrokayite Sztrokayite somamin:Szymanskiite Szymanskiite somamin:Taaffeite Taaffeite somamin:Tacharanite Tacharanite somamin:Tachyhydrite Tachyhydrite somamin:Tadzhikite Tadzhikite somamin:Tadzhikite_Ce Tadzhikite (Ce) somamin:Tadzhikite_Y Tadzhikite (Y) somamin:Taeniolite Taeniolite somamin:Taenite Taenite somamin:Tagilite Tagilite somamin:Taikanite Taikanite somamin:Taimyrite Taimyrite somamin:Tainiolite Tainiolite somamin:Takanelite Takanelite somamin:Takedaite Takedaite somamin:Takeuchiite Takeuchiite somamin:Takovite Takovite somamin:Talc Talc somamin:Talmessite Talmessite somamin:Talnakhite Talnakhite somamin:Tamaite Tamaite somamin:Tamarugite Tamarugite somamin:Tancoite Tancoite somamin:Taneyamalite Taneyamalite somamin:Tangeite Tangeite somamin:Tanohataite Tanohataite somamin:Tantal_aeschynite_Y Tantal-aeschynite (Y) somamin:Tantalaeschynite_Y Tantalaeschynite (Y) somamin:Tantalcarbide Tantalcarbide somamin:Tantalite_Fe Tantalite (Fe) somamin:Tantalite_Mg Tantalite (Mg) somamin:Tantalite_Mn Tantalite (Mn) somamin:Tantalowodginite Tantalowodginite somamin:Tantalum Tantalum somamin:Tanteuxenite_Y Tanteuxenite (Y) somamin:Tantite Tantite somamin:Tanzanite Tanzanite somamin:Tapiolite Tapiolite somamin:Tapiolite_Fe Tapiolite (Fe) somamin:Tapiolite_Mn Tapiolite (Mn) somamin:Taramellite Taramellite somamin:Taramite Taramite somamin:Taranakite Taranakite somamin:Tarapacaite Tarapacaite somamin:Tarasovite Tarasovite somamin:Tarbuttite Tarbuttite somamin:Tarkianite Tarkianite somamin:Tarnowitzite_Pb Tarnowitzite (Pb) somamin:Taseqite Taseqite somamin:Tassieite Tassieite somamin:Tatarskite Tatarskite somamin:Tatyanaite Tatyanaite somamin:Tausonite Tausonite somamin:Tavorite Tavorite somamin:Taylorite Taylorite somamin:Tazheranite Tazheranite somamin:Tazieffite Tazieffite somamin:Teallite Teallite somamin:Tedhadleyite Tedhadleyite somamin:Teepleite Teepleite somamin:Tegengrenite Tegengrenite somamin:Teineite Teineite somamin:Telargpalite Telargpalite somamin:Tellurantimony Tellurantimony somamin:Telluric_Silver Telluric Silver somamin:Tellurite Tellurite somamin:Tellurium Tellurium somamin:Tellurobismuthite Tellurobismuthite somamin:Tellurohauchecornite Tellurohauchecornite somamin:Telluronevskite Telluronevskite somamin:Telluropalladinite Telluropalladinite somamin:Telyushenkoite Telyushenkoite somamin:Temagamite Temagamite somamin:Temiskamite Temiskamite somamin:Tengchongite Tengchongite somamin:Tengerite_Y Tengerite (Y) somamin:Tennantite Tennantite somamin:Tenorite Tenorite somamin:Tephroite Tephroite somamin:Terlinguacreekite Terlinguacreekite somamin:Terlinguaite Terlinguaite somamin:Ternesite Ternesite somamin:Ternovite Ternovite somamin:Terranovaite Terranovaite somamin:Terskite Terskite somamin:Tertschite Tertschite somamin:Teruggite Teruggite somamin:Teschemacherite Teschemacherite somamin:Testibiopalladite Testibiopalladite somamin:Tetra_auricupride Tetra-auricupride somamin:Tetra_ferri_annite Tetra-ferri-annite somamin:Tetra_ferriphlogopite Tetra-ferriphlogopite somamin:Tetradymite Tetradymite somamin:Tetraferriannite Tetraferriannite somamin:Tetraferriphlogopite Tetraferriphlogopite somamin:Tetraferroplatinum Tetraferroplatinum somamin:Tetrahedrite Tetrahedrite somamin:Tetranatrolite Tetranatrolite somamin:Tetrarooseveltite Tetrarooseveltite somamin:Tetrataenite Tetrataenite somamin:Tetrawickmanite Tetrawickmanite somamin:Texasite Texasite somamin:Thadeuite Thadeuite somamin:Thalcusite Thalcusite somamin:Thalenite_Y Thalenite (Y) somamin:Thalfenisite Thalfenisite somamin:Thaumasite Thaumasite somamin:Theisite Theisite somamin:Thenardite Thenardite somamin:Theoparacelsite Theoparacelsite somamin:Theophrastite Theophrastite somamin:Theresemagnanite Theresemagnanite somamin:Thermessaite Thermessaite somamin:Thermonatrite Thermonatrite somamin:Thinolite Thinolite somamin:Thomasclarkite_Y Thomasclarkite (Y) somamin:Thometzekite Thometzekite somamin:Thomsenolite Thomsenolite somamin:Thomsonite Thomsonite somamin:Thomsonite_Ca Thomsonite-Ca somamin:Thomsonite_Sr Thomsonite-Sr somamin:Thorbastnaesite Thorbastnaesite somamin:Thorbastnasite Thorbastnasite somamin:Thoreaulite Thoreaulite somamin:Thorianite Thorianite somamin:Thorikosite Thorikosite somamin:Thorite Thorite somamin:Thornasite Thornasite somamin:Thorogummite Thorogummite somamin:Thorosteenstrupine Thorosteenstrupine somamin:Thortveitite Thortveitite somamin:Thorutite Thorutite somamin:Threadgoldite Threadgoldite somamin:Thulite Thulite somamin:Thuringite_Fe Thuringite (Fe) somamin:Tiemannite Tiemannite somamin:Tienshanite Tienshanite somamin:Tiettaite Tiettaite somamin:Tiger_Eye Tiger Eye somamin:Tikhonenkovite Tikhonenkovite somamin:Tilasite Tilasite somamin:Tilkerodite Tilkerodite somamin:Tilleyite Tilleyite somamin:Tillmannsite Tillmannsite somamin:Tin Tin somamin:Tin_Ore Tin Ore somamin:Tin_pyrites Tin pyrites somamin:Tinaksite Tinaksite somamin:Tincal Tincal somamin:Tincalconite Tincalconite somamin:Tinnunculite Tinnunculite somamin:Tinsleyite Tinsleyite somamin:Tinticite Tinticite somamin:Tintinaite Tintinaite somamin:Tinzenite Tinzenite somamin:Tiptopite Tiptopite somamin:Tiragalloite Tiragalloite somamin:Tirodite Tirodite somamin:Tirolit Tirolit somamin:Tischendorfite Tischendorfite somamin:Tisinalite Tisinalite somamin:Tistarite Tistarite somamin:Titanclinohumite Titanclinohumite somamin:Titanic_Iron_Ore Titanic Iron Ore somamin:Titanite Titanite somamin:Titanium Titanium somamin:Titanoelpidite Titanoelpidite somamin:Titanoferrite Titanoferrite somamin:Titanowodginite Titanowodginite somamin:Titantaramellite Titantaramellite somamin:Tivanite Tivanite somamin:Tlalocite Tlalocite somamin:Tlapallite Tlapallite somamin:Tobelite Tobelite somamin:Tobermorite Tobermorite somamin:Tochilinite Tochilinite somamin:Tocornalite Tocornalite somamin:Toddite Toddite somamin:Todorokite Todorokite somamin:Tokkoite Tokkoite somamin:Tokyoite Tokyoite somamin:Tolbachite Tolbachite somamin:Tolovkite Tolovkite somamin:Tombarthite_Y Tombarthite (Y) somamin:Tomichite Tomichite somamin:Tongbaite Tongbaite somamin:Tongxinite Tongxinite somamin:Tooeleite Tooeleite somamin:Topaz Topaz somamin:Topazolite Topazolite somamin:Torbernite Torbernite somamin:Tornebohmite_Ce Tornebohmite (Ce) somamin:Tornebohmite_La Tornebohmite (La) somamin:Torreyite Torreyite somamin:Tosudite Tosudite somamin:Tounkite Tounkite somamin:Toyohaite Toyohaite somamin:Trabzonite Trabzonite somamin:Tranquillityite Tranquillityite somamin:Traskite Traskite somamin:Trattnerite Trattnerite somamin:Travertine Travertine somamin:Treasurite Treasurite somamin:Trechmannite Trechmannite somamin:Trembathite Trembathite somamin:Tremolite Tremolite somamin:Trevorite Trevorite somamin:Triangulite Triangulite somamin:Trichalcite Trichalcite somamin:Tridymite Tridymite somamin:Trigonite Trigonite somamin:Trikalsilite Trikalsilite somamin:Trilithionite Trilithionite somamin:Trimerite Trimerite somamin:Trimounsite_Y Trimounsite (Y) somamin:Trinitite Trinitite somamin:Triphane Triphane somamin:Triphylite Triphylite somamin:Triplite Triplite somamin:Triploidite Triploidite somamin:Trippkeite Trippkeite somamin:Tripuhyite Tripuhyite somamin:Tristramite Tristramite somamin:Tritomite Tritomite somamin:Tritomite_Ce Tritomite (Ce) somamin:Tritomite_Y Tritomite (Y) somamin:Troegerite Troegerite somamin:Trogerite Trogerite somamin:Trogtalite Trogtalite somamin:Troilite Troilite somamin:Trolleite Trolleite somamin:Trona Trona somamin:Troostite Troostite somamin:Truestedtite Truestedtite somamin:Truscottite Truscottite somamin:Trustedtite Trustedtite somamin:Tsaregorodtsevite Tsaregorodtsevite somamin:Tsavorite Tsavorite somamin:Tscheffkinite Tscheffkinite somamin:Tschermakite Tschermakite somamin:Tschermigite Tschermigite somamin:Tschernichite Tschernichite somamin:Tschortnerite Tschortnerite somamin:Tsepinite_Ca Tsepinite-Ca somamin:Tsepinite_K Tsepinite-K somamin:Tsepinite_Na Tsepinite-Na somamin:Tsepinite_Sr Tsepinite-Sr somamin:Tsilaisite Tsilaisite somamin:Tsnigriite Tsnigriite somamin:Tsugaruite Tsugaruite somamin:Tsumcorite Tsumcorite somamin:Tsumebite Tsumebite somamin:Tsumgallite Tsumgallite somamin:Tsumoite Tsumoite somamin:Tucekite Tucekite somamin:Tugarinovite Tugarinovite somamin:Tugtupite Tugtupite somamin:Tuhualite Tuhualite somamin:Tuite Tuite somamin:Tulameenite Tulameenite somamin:Tuliokite Tuliokite somamin:Tumchaite Tumchaite somamin:Tundrite_Ce Tundrite (Ce) somamin:Tundrite_Nd Tundrite (Nd) somamin:Tunellite Tunellite somamin:Tungsten_Carbide Tungsten Carbide somamin:Tungstenite Tungstenite somamin:Tungstibite Tungstibite somamin:Tungstite Tungstite somamin:Tungusite Tungusite somamin:Tunisite Tunisite somamin:Tuperssuatsiaite Tuperssuatsiaite somamin:Turanite Turanite somamin:Turkestanite Turkestanite somamin:Turneaureite Turneaureite somamin:Turquoise Turquoise somamin:Turtmannite Turtmannite somamin:Tuscanite Tuscanite somamin:Tusionite Tusionite somamin:Tuzlaite Tuzlaite somamin:Tvalchrelidzeite Tvalchrelidzeite somamin:Tvedalite Tvedalite somamin:Tveitite_Y Tveitite (Y) somamin:Tweddillite Tweddillite somamin:Twinnite Twinnite somamin:Tychite Tychite somamin:Tyretskite Tyretskite somamin:Tyrolite Tyrolite somamin:Tyrrellite Tyrrellite somamin:Tysonite Tysonite somamin:Tyuyamunite Tyuyamunite somamin:Uchucchacuaite Uchucchacuaite somamin:Uedaite_Ce Uedaite (Ce) somamin:Uhligite Uhligite somamin:Uklonskovite Uklonskovite somamin:Ulexite Ulexite somamin:Ullmannite Ullmannite somamin:Ulrichite Ulrichite somamin:Ultamarine_pigment Ultamarine pigment somamin:Ulvite Ulvite somamin:Ulvospinel Ulvospinel somamin:Umangite Umangite somamin:Umbite Umbite somamin:Umbozerite Umbozerite somamin:Umohoite Umohoite somamin:Ungarettiite Ungarettiite somamin:Ungavaite Ungavaite somamin:Ungemachite Ungemachite somamin:Ungursaite Ungursaite somamin:Upalite Upalite somamin:Uralborite Uralborite somamin:Uralolite Uralolite somamin:Uramarsite Uramarsite somamin:Uramphite Uramphite somamin:Urancalcarite Urancalcarite somamin:Uraninite Uraninite somamin:Uranmicrolite Uranmicrolite somamin:Uranocircite Uranocircite somamin:Uranophane Uranophane somamin:Uranophane_beta Uranophane-beta somamin:Uranopilite Uranopilite somamin:Uranopolycrase Uranopolycrase somamin:Uranosilite Uranosilite somamin:Uranospathite Uranospathite somamin:Uranosphaerite Uranosphaerite somamin:Uranospinite Uranospinite somamin:Uranotile Uranotile somamin:Uranotile_beta Uranotile-beta somamin:Uranotungstite Uranotungstite somamin:Uranpyrochlore Uranpyrochlore somamin:Urao Urao somamin:Urea Urea somamin:Ureyite Ureyite somamin:Uricite Uricite somamin:Ursilite Ursilite somamin:Urusite Urusite somamin:Urusovite Urusovite somamin:Urvantsevite Urvantsevite somamin:Ushkovite Ushkovite somamin:Usonite Usonite somamin:Usovite Usovite somamin:Ussingite Ussingite somamin:Ustarasite Ustarasite somamin:Utahite Utahite somamin:Utahlite Utahlite somamin:Uvanite Uvanite somamin:Uvarovite Uvarovite somamin:Uvite Uvite somamin:Uytenbogaardtite Uytenbogaardtite somamin:Uzonite Uzonite somamin:Vaesite Vaesite somamin:Vajdakite Vajdakite somamin:Valentinite Valentinite somamin:Valleriite Valleriite somamin:Vanadinite Vanadinite somamin:Vanadiocarpholite Vanadiocarpholite somamin:Vanadiumdravite Vanadiumdravite somamin:Vanadoandrosite_Ce Vanadoandrosite (Ce) somamin:Vanadomalayaite Vanadomalayaite somamin:Vanalite Vanalite somamin:Vandenbrandeite Vandenbrandeite somamin:Vandendriesscheite Vandendriesscheite somamin:Vanmeersscheite Vanmeersscheite somamin:Vanoxite Vanoxite somamin:Vantasselite Vantasselite somamin:Vanthoffite Vanthoffite somamin:Vanuralite Vanuralite somamin:Vanuranylite Vanuranylite somamin:Varennesite Varennesite somamin:Variscite Variscite somamin:Varlamoffite Varlamoffite somamin:Varulite Varulite somamin:Vashegyite Vashegyite somamin:Vasilite Vasilite somamin:Vasilyevite Vasilyevite somamin:Vastmanlandite_Ce Vastmanlandite (Ce) somamin:Vaterite Vaterite somamin:Vaughanite Vaughanite somamin:Vauquelinite Vauquelinite somamin:Vauxite Vauxite somamin:Vavrinite Vavrinite somamin:Vavrzhinite Vavrzhinite somamin:Vayrynenite Vayrynenite somamin:Veatchite Veatchite somamin:Veatchite_A Veatchite-A somamin:Veatchite_p Veatchite-p somamin:Veenite Veenite somamin:Velikite Velikite somamin:Verbeekite Verbeekite somamin:Vergasovaite Vergasovaite somamin:Vermiculite Vermiculite somamin:Vernadite Vernadite somamin:Verplanckite Verplanckite somamin:Versiliaite Versiliaite somamin:Vertumnite Vertumnite somamin:Veselovskyite Veselovskyite somamin:Vesignieite Vesignieite somamin:Vesuvian_Salt Vesuvian Salt somamin:Vesuvianite Vesuvianite somamin:Veszelyite Veszelyite somamin:Viaeneite Viaeneite somamin:Vicanite_Ce Vicanite (Ce) somamin:Vierlingite Vierlingite somamin:Vigezzite Vigezzite somamin:Vihorlatite Vihorlatite somamin:Viitaniemiite Viitaniemiite somamin:Vikingite Vikingite somamin:Villamaninite Villamaninite somamin:Villiaumite Villiaumite somamin:Villyaellenite Villyaellenite somamin:Vimsite Vimsite somamin:Vincentite Vincentite somamin:Vinciennite Vinciennite somamin:Vinogradovite Vinogradovite somamin:Violarite Violarite somamin:Virgilite Virgilite somamin:Viseite Viseite somamin:Vishnevite Vishnevite somamin:Vismirnovite Vismirnovite somamin:Vistepite Vistepite somamin:Vitimite Vitimite somamin:Vitusite_Ce Vitusite (Ce) somamin:Vivianite Vivianite somamin:Vladimirite Vladimirite somamin:Vlasovite Vlasovite somamin:Vlodavetsite Vlodavetsite somamin:Vochtenite Vochtenite somamin:Voggite Voggite somamin:Voglite Voglite somamin:Volborthite Volborthite somamin:Volchonskoite Volchonskoite somamin:Volfsonite Volfsonite somamin:Volkonskoite Volkonskoite somamin:Volkovite Volkovite somamin:Volkovskite Volkovskite somamin:Voloshinite Voloshinite somamin:Voltaite Voltaite somamin:Volynskite Volynskite somamin:Vonbezingite Vonbezingite somamin:Vonsenite Vonsenite somamin:Voronkovite Voronkovite somamin:Vozhminite Vozhminite somamin:Vrbaite Vrbaite somamin:Vuagnatite Vuagnatite somamin:Vulcanite Vulcanite somamin:Vuonnemite Vuonnemite somamin:Vuorelainenite Vuorelainenite somamin:Vuoriyarvite Vuoriyarvite somamin:Vuoriyarvite_K Vuoriyarvite-K somamin:Vurroite Vurroite somamin:Vyacheslavite Vyacheslavite somamin:Vyalsovite Vyalsovite somamin:Vysotskite Vysotskite somamin:Vyuntspakhkite_Y Vyuntspakhkite (Y) somamin:Wadalite Wadalite somamin:Wadeite Wadeite somamin:Wadsleyite Wadsleyite somamin:Wagnerite Wagnerite somamin:Wairakite Wairakite somamin:Wairauite Wairauite somamin:Wakabayashilite Wakabayashilite somamin:Wakefieldite_Ce Wakefieldite (Ce) somamin:Wakefieldite_La Wakefieldite (La) somamin:Wakefieldite_Nd Wakefieldite (Nd) somamin:Wakefieldite_Y Wakefieldite (Y) somamin:Walentaite Walentaite somamin:Walfordite Walfordite somamin:Walkerite Walkerite somamin:Wallisite Wallisite somamin:Wallkilldellite Wallkilldellite somamin:Wallkilldellite_Fe Wallkilldellite (Fe) somamin:Walpurgite Walpurgite somamin:Walstromite Walstromite somamin:Walthierite Walthierite somamin:Wapplerite Wapplerite somamin:Wardite Wardite somamin:Wardsmithite Wardsmithite somamin:Warikahnite Warikahnite somamin:Warwickite Warwickite somamin:Watanabeite Watanabeite somamin:Watatsumiite Watatsumiite somamin:Waterhouseite Waterhouseite somamin:Watkinsonite Watkinsonite somamin:Wattersite Wattersite somamin:Wattevilleite Wattevilleite somamin:Wattevillite Wattevillite somamin:Wavellite Wavellite somamin:Wawayandaite Wawayandaite somamin:Waylandite Waylandite somamin:Weberite Weberite somamin:Websterite Websterite somamin:Weddellite Weddellite somamin:Weeksite Weeksite somamin:Wegscheiderite Wegscheiderite somamin:Weibullite Weibullite somamin:Weilerite Weilerite somamin:Weilite Weilite somamin:Weinebeneite Weinebeneite somamin:Weinschenkite Weinschenkite somamin:Weishanite Weishanite somamin:Weissbergite Weissbergite somamin:Weissite Weissite somamin:Welinite_III Welinite-III somamin:Welinite_VIII Welinite-VIII somamin:Wellsite Wellsite somamin:Weloganite Weloganite somamin:Welshite Welshite somamin:Wendwilsonite Wendwilsonite somamin:Wenkite Wenkite somamin:Werdingite Werdingite somamin:Wermlandite Wermlandite somamin:Wernerite Wernerite somamin:Wesselsite Wesselsite somamin:Westerveldite Westerveldite somamin:Westgrenite Westgrenite somamin:Wheatleyite Wheatleyite somamin:Wheel_Ore Wheel Ore somamin:Wherryite Wherryite somamin:Whewellite Whewellite somamin:White_Lead_Ore White Lead Ore somamin:Whiteite_CaFeMg Whiteite (CaFeMg) somamin:Whiteite_CaMnMg Whiteite (CaMnMg) somamin:Whiteite_MnFeMg Whiteite (MnFeMg) somamin:Whitlockite Whitlockite somamin:Whitmoreite Whitmoreite somamin:Whitneyite Whitneyite somamin:Wickenburgite Wickenburgite somamin:Wickmanite Wickmanite somamin:Wicksite Wicksite somamin:Widenmannite Widenmannite somamin:Widgiemoolthalite Widgiemoolthalite somamin:Wightmanite Wightmanite somamin:Wilcoxite Wilcoxite somamin:Wilhelmkleinite Wilhelmkleinite somamin:Wilhelmramsayite Wilhelmramsayite somamin:Wilhelmvierlingite Wilhelmvierlingite somamin:Wilkeite Wilkeite somamin:Wilkinsonite Wilkinsonite somamin:Wilkmanite Wilkmanite somamin:Willemite Willemite somamin:Willemseite Willemseite somamin:Willhendersonite Willhendersonite somamin:Williamsite Williamsite somamin:Willyamite Willyamite somamin:Wiltshireite Wiltshireite somamin:Wiluite Wiluite somamin:Winchite Winchite somamin:Winebergite Winebergite somamin:Winstanleyite Winstanleyite somamin:Wiserite Wiserite somamin:Witherite Witherite somamin:Wittichenite Wittichenite somamin:Wittite Wittite somamin:Wodginite Wodginite somamin:Woehlerite Woehlerite somamin:Woelsendorfite Woelsendorfite somamin:Wohlerite Wohlerite somamin:Wolchonskoite Wolchonskoite somamin:Wolfeite Wolfeite somamin:Wolframite Wolframite somamin:Wolframoixiolite Wolframoixiolite somamin:Wolfsbergite Wolfsbergite somamin:Wollastonite_1A Wollastonite-1A somamin:Wollastonite_2M Wollastonite-2M somamin:Wollastonite_3A_4A_5A_7A Wollastonite-3A-4A-5A-7A somamin:Wolnyn Wolnyn somamin:Wolsendorfite Wolsendorfite somamin:Wonesite Wonesite somamin:Woodallite Woodallite somamin:Woodhouseite Woodhouseite somamin:Woodruffite Woodruffite somamin:Woodwardite Woodwardite somamin:Wooldridgeite Wooldridgeite somamin:Woolridgeite Woolridgeite somamin:Wroewolfeite Wroewolfeite somamin:Wuelfingite Wuelfingite somamin:Wuestite Wuestite somamin:Wulfenite Wulfenite somamin:Wulfingite Wulfingite somamin:Wupatkiite Wupatkiite somamin:Wurtzite Wurtzite somamin:Wustite Wustite somamin:Wyartite Wyartite somamin:Wycheproofite Wycheproofite somamin:Wyllieite Wyllieite somamin:Xanthiosite Xanthiosite somamin:Xanthoconite Xanthoconite somamin:Xanthophyllite Xanthophyllite somamin:Xanthoxenite Xanthoxenite somamin:Xenophyllite Xenophyllite somamin:Xenotime_Y Xenotime (Y) somamin:Xenotime_Yb Xenotime (Yb) somamin:Xiangjiangite Xiangjiangite somamin:Xieite Xieite somamin:Xifengite Xifengite somamin:Xilingolite Xilingolite somamin:Ximengite Ximengite somamin:Xingzhongite Xingzhongite somamin:Xitieshanite Xitieshanite somamin:Xocolatlite Xocolatlite somamin:Xocomecatlite Xocomecatlite somamin:Xonotlite Xonotlite somamin:Xyloretinite Xyloretinite somamin:Yafsoanite Yafsoanite somamin:Yagiite Yagiite somamin:Yakhontovite Yakhontovite somamin:Yakovenchukite_Y Yakovenchukite (Y) somamin:Yamatoite Yamatoite somamin:Yanomamite Yanomamite somamin:Yarlongite Yarlongite somamin:Yaroslavite Yaroslavite somamin:Yarrowite Yarrowite somamin:Yavapaiite Yavapaiite somamin:Yazganite Yazganite somamin:Yberisilite Yberisilite somamin:Yeatmanite Yeatmanite somamin:Yecoraite Yecoraite somamin:Yedlinite Yedlinite somamin:Yeelimite Yeelimite somamin:Yegorovite Yegorovite somamin:Yellow_Lead_Ore Yellow Lead Ore somamin:Yenite Yenite somamin:Yftisite_Y Yftisite (Y) somamin:Yimengite Yimengite somamin:Yingjiangite Yingjiangite somamin:Yixunite Yixunite somamin:Yoderite Yoderite somamin:Yofortierite Yofortierite somamin:Yoshimuraite Yoshimuraite somamin:Yoshiokaite Yoshiokaite somamin:Yttrialite_Y Yttrialite (Y) somamin:Yttrian_Datolite Yttrian Datolite somamin:Yttrobetafite_Y Yttrobetafite (Y) somamin:Yttroceberite Yttroceberite somamin:Yttroceberysite Yttroceberysite somamin:Yttrocerite Yttrocerite somamin:Yttrocolumbite_Y Yttrocolumbite (Y) somamin:Yttrocrasite_Y Yttrocrasite (Y) somamin:Yttrofluorite Yttrofluorite somamin:Yttropyrochlore_Y Yttropyrochlore (Y) somamin:Yttrotantalite_Y Yttrotantalite (Y) somamin:Yttrotungstite_Ce Yttrotungstite (Ce) somamin:Yttrotungstite_Y Yttrotungstite (Y) somamin:Yuanfuliite Yuanfuliite somamin:Yuanjiangite Yuanjiangite somamin:Yugawaralite Yugawaralite somamin:Yukonite Yukonite somamin:Yuksporite Yuksporite somamin:Yushkinite Yushkinite somamin:Yvonite Yvonite somamin:Zabuyelite Zabuyelite somamin:Zaccagnaite Zaccagnaite somamin:Zaherite Zaherite somamin:Zairite Zairite somamin:Zajacite_Ce Zajacite (Ce) somamin:Zakharovite Zakharovite somamin:Zalesiite Zalesiite somamin:Zanazziite Zanazziite somamin:Zapatalite Zapatalite somamin:Zaratite Zaratite somamin:Zavaritskite Zavaritskite somamin:Zdenekite Zdenekite somamin:Zeagonite Zeagonite somamin:Zektzerite Zektzerite somamin:Zellerite Zellerite somamin:Zemannite Zemannite somamin:Zemkorite Zemkorite somamin:Zenzenite Zenzenite somamin:Zeophyllite Zeophyllite somamin:Zeravshanite Zeravshanite somamin:Zeunerite Zeunerite somamin:Zhanghengite Zhanghengite somamin:Zhangpeishanite Zhangpeishanite somamin:Zharchikhite Zharchikhite somamin:Zhemchuzhnikovite Zhemchuzhnikovite somamin:Zhonghuacerite_Ce Zhonghuacerite (Ce) somamin:Ziesite Ziesite somamin:Zimbabweite Zimbabweite somamin:Zinalsite Zinalsite somamin:Zinc Zinc somamin:Zinc_Spinal Zinc Spinal somamin:Zinc_fauserite Zinc-fauserite somamin:Zinc_melanterite Zinc-melanterite somamin:Zinc_zippeite Zinc-zippeite somamin:Zincalstibite Zincalstibite somamin:Zincaluminite Zincaluminite somamin:Zincblodite Zincblödite somamin:Zincgartrellite Zincgartrellite somamin:Zincite Zincite somamin:Zinckenite Zinckenite somamin:Zinclavendulan Zinclavendulan somamin:Zinclipscombite Zinclipscombite somamin:Zincmelanterite Zincmelanterite somamin:Zincobotryogen Zincobotryogen somamin:Zincochromite Zincochromite somamin:Zincocopiapite Zincocopiapite somamin:Zincohogbomite_2N2S Zincohogbomite-2N2S somamin:Zincohogbomite_8H Zincohogbomite-8H somamin:Zincolibethenite Zincolibethenite somamin:Zincolivenite Zincolivenite somamin:Zincosite Zincosite somamin:Zincospiroffite Zincospiroffite somamin:Zincostaurolite Zincostaurolite somamin:Zincovoltaite Zincovoltaite somamin:Zincowoodwardite Zincowoodwardite somamin:Zincowoodwardite_1T Zincowoodwardite-1T somamin:Zincowoodwardite_3R Zincowoodwardite-3R somamin:Zincrosasite Zincrosasite somamin:Zincroselite Zincroselite somamin:Zincsilite Zincsilite somamin:Zinkenite Zinkenite somamin:Zinkosite Zinkosite somamin:Zinnober Zinnober somamin:Zinnwaldite Zinnwaldite somamin:Zippeite Zippeite somamin:Zippeite_Mg Zippeite-Mg somamin:Zircon Zircon somamin:Zirconolite Zirconolite somamin:Zirconolite_2M Zirconolite-2M somamin:Zirconolite_3O Zirconolite-3O somamin:Zirconolite_3T Zirconolite-3T somamin:Zircophyllite Zircophyllite somamin:Zircosulfate Zircosulfate somamin:Zirkelite Zirkelite somamin:Zirklerite Zirklerite somamin:Zirsilite_Ce Zirsilite (Ce) somamin:Zirsinalite Zirsinalite somamin:Zlatogorite Zlatogorite somamin:Zn_Schulenbergite Zn-Schulenbergite somamin:Znucalite Znucalite somamin:Zodacite Zodacite somamin:Zoisite Zoisite somamin:Zoltaiite Zoltaiite somamin:Zorgite Zorgite somamin:Zorite Zorite somamin:Zoubekite Zoubekite somamin:Zugshunstite_Ce Zugshunstite (Ce) somamin:Zunyite Zunyite somamin:Zussmanite Zussmanite somamin:Zvyagintsevite Zvyagintsevite somamin:Zwieselite Zwieselite somamin:Zykaite Zykaite somamin:gamma_Rathite gamma-Rathite somamin:halloysite_10_Ang halloysite-10 Ang. somamin:vrendenbergite_alpha vrendenbergite alpha somanr:Anthracite anthracite somanr:Bituminous bituminous somanr:Coal Coal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. It is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. [Wikipedia] coal somanr:CoralDeposit coral deposit somanr:CrudeOil crude oil somanr:Deposit Deposition is the geological process by which material is added to a landform or land mass. Fluids such as wind and water, as well as sediment gravity flows, transport previously eroded sediment, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment. [Wikipedia] deposit somanr:FiniteResource finite resource somanr:FossilFuel Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fuels formed by the natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms that lived up to 300 million years ago. These fuels contain high percentage of carbon and hydrocarbons. [Wikipedia] fossil fuel somanr:LandResource land resource somanr:Lignite lignite somanr:NaturalGas Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills. It is an important fuel source, a major feedstock for fertilizers, and a potent greenhouse gas. [Wikipedia] natural gas somanr:NaturalResource Natural resources (economically referred to as land or raw materials) are naturally forming substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. [Wikipedia] natural resource somanr:Oil An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid statel (‘oily’) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally). This generag definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, including vegetable oils, resochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. Oil is a nonpolar substance. [Wikipedia] oil somanr:OilShale oil shale somanr:Ore ore somanr:Petroleum Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds. [Wikipedia] petroleum somanr:RenewableResource renewable resource somanr:SubBituminous sub bituminous somanr:WaterResource water resource somaoc:Alkane alkane somaoc:Alkene alkene somaoc:CFC cfc somaoc:ChlorinatedHydrocarbon Chlorinated hydrocarbons consist of simple hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with chlorine. chlorinated hydrocarbon somaoc:Chlorofluorocarbon chlorofluorocarbon somaoc:Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue and red but poorly in the green portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues like plant leaves. chlorophyll somaoc:ClathrateHydrate clathrate hydrate somaoc:GasHydrate gas hydrate somaoc:HC hc somaoc:HCFC hcfc somaoc:Halon halon somaoc:Hydrocarbon hydrocarbon somaoc:Hydrochlorofluorocarbon hydrochlorofluorocarbon somaoc:MethaneClathrate methane clathrate somaoc:MethaneHydrate methane hydrate somaoc:MethaneIce methane ice somaoc:NMVOC nmvoc somaoc:NonMethaneVolatileOrganicCompound non methane volatile organic compound somaoc:OrganicCompound organic compound somaoc:OrganicSubstance organic substance somaoc:Organochloride An organochloride, organochlorine, or chlorocarbon, is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of uses. organochloride somaoc:VOC voc somaoc:VolatileOrganicCompound volatile organic compound somapa:AnomalousEnergeticParticle anomalous energetic particle somapa:Atom atom somapa:CosmicRay cosmic ray somapa:Electron electron somapa:EnergeticParticle energetic particle somapa:GammaRay Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation or light emission of frequencies produced by sub-atomic particle interactions, such as electron-positron annihilation or radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as electromagnetic radiation having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. high energy photons. Due to their high energy content, they can cause serious damage when absorbed by living cells. gamma ray somapa:HeavyNuclei heavy nuclei somapa:Molecule molecule somapa:Neutrino neutrino somapa:Neutron neutron somapa:Nucleon A collective name for the two baryons: neutron and the proton. nucleon somapa:Particle particle somapa:Photon photon somapa:Proton proton somapa:SolarEnergeticParticle solar energetic particle somapa:SubatomicParticle subatomic particle somapl:Branch branch somapl:Broadleaf broadleaf somapl:Canopy canopy somapl:Conifer conifer somapl:Crop crop somapl:Crown crown somapl:DominantSpecies dominant species somapl:DouglasFir douglas fir somapl:Evergreen evergreen somapl:Exotic exotic somapl:Fern fern somapl:Flora flora somapl:FloweringPlant flowering plant somapl:Fruit In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds. fruit somapl:Fungi fungi somapl:FungiTaxonomy fungi taxonomy somapl:Grass grass somapl:Indigenous indigenous somapl:Leaf leaf somapl:Lichen lichen somapl:Liverwort liverwort somapl:Macroalgae macroalgae somapl:Macrophyte macrophyte somapl:Mangrove Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The word is used in at least three senses, (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal, for which the terms mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangal, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. Mangals are found in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments, often with high organic content, collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. mangrove somapl:MarinePlant marine plant somapl:Moss moss somapl:Mushroom mushroom somapl:Native native somapl:Needleleaf needleleaf somapl:OldGrowth old growth somapl:Paleovegetation paleovegetation somapl:Plant plant somapl:PlantPart plant part somapl:Pollen pollen somapl:PonderosaPine ponderosa pine somapl:Root n vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil (compare with stem). However, this is not always the case, since a root can also be aerial (that is, growing above the ground) or aerating (that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water). On the other hand, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either (see rhizome). So, it is better to define root as a part of a plant body that bears no leaves, and therefore also lacks nodes. There are also important internal structural differences between stems and roots. The two major functions of roots are 1.) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients and 2.) anchoring the plant body to the ground. Roots also function in cytokinin synthesis, which supplies some of shoot needs. They often function in storage of food. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with certain fungi to form mycorrhizas, and a large range of other organisms including bacteria also closely associate with roots. root somapl:Sclerophyll sclerophyll somapl:Scrub scrub somapl:SecondGrowth second growth somapl:Thorn thorn somapl:Tree tree somapl:TreeRing tree ring somapl:Trunk trunk somapl:Twig twig somapl:Vegetable vegetable somapl:Vegetation vegetation somapl:VegetationCover vegetation cover somapl:VegetationSpecies vegetation species somarock:Breccia breccia somarock:Chondrite chondrite somarock:Fossil Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. Fossils vary in size from microscopic, such as single bacterial cells [2] only one micrometer in diameter, to gigantic (macroscopic), such as dinosaurs and trees many meters long and weighing many tons. [Wikipedia] fossil somarock:HeterogenousRock A heterogeneous or conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual stones that have become cemented together. Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts.[1] Both conglomerates and breccias are characterized by clasts larger than sand (>2 mm). [Wikipedia] heterogenous rock somarock:Macrofossil Macrofossils are preserved organic remains large enough to be visible without a microscope. [Wikipedia] macrofossil somarock:Melange A mélange is a large scale breccia, a mappable body of rock characterized by a lack of continuous bedding and the inclusion of fragments of rock of all sizes, contained in a fine-grained deformed matrix. The mélange typically consists of a jumble of large blocks of varied lithologies of altered oceanic crustal material and blocks of continental slope sediments in a sheared mudstone matrix. Some larger blocks of rock may be as much as 1 km across. [Wikipedia] melange somarock:MetamorphicRock One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; consists of pre-existing rock mass in which new minerals or textures are formed at higher temperatures and greater pressures than those present on the Earth's surface [wicktionary] metamorphic rock somarock:Meteor meteor somarock:Meteorite Meteoric substances are rocks that have composition significantly different from earth rocks. Meteorites have traditionally been divided into three broad categories: stony meteorites are rocks, mainly composed of silicate minerals; iron meteorites are largely composed of metallic iron-nickel; and, stony-iron meteorites contain large amounts of both metallic and rocky material. [Wikipedia] meteorite somarock:Microfossil Fossils which are of microscopic size such as bacteria. [Wikipedia] microfossil somarock:Molasse Molasse refers to the sandstones, shales and conglomerates formed as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains deposited in a foreland basin, especially on top of flysch, for example that left from the rising Alps, or erosion in the Himalaya. These deposits are typically the non-marine alluvial and fluvial sediments of lowlands, as compared to deep-water flysch sediments. Sedimentation stops once the orogeny stops, or once the mountains have eroded flat. [Wikipedia] molasse somarock:Regolith Regolith (Greek: ‘blanket rock’) is a layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock (bedrock). It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials [Wikipedia] regolith somarock:Rock Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [Wikipedia] rock somarock:RockBody rock body somarock:SedimentaryRock One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution [wicktionary] sedimentary rock somarock:Serpentinite serpentinite somarock:Serpentinization serpentinization somarocki:Aa One of three basic types of flow lava. Aa is basaltic lava characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks called clinker. [Wikipedia] aa somarocki:Andesite Volcanic rock (or lava) characteristically medium dark in color and containing 54 to 62 percent silica and moderate amounts of iron and magnesium. andesite somarocki:AnorogenicIgneousRock Anorogenic granites are formed above volcanic ‘hot spot’ activity and have peculiar mineralogy and geochemistry. These granites are formed by melting of the lower crust under conditions that are usually extremely dry. The rhyolites of the Yellowstone caldera are examples of volcanic equivalents of A-type granite. [Wikipedia] anorogenic igneous rock somarocki:Anorthosite anorthosite somarocki:Aphanite aphanite somarocki:Basalt Basalt is the most common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey. On Earth, most basalt magmas have formed by decompression melting of the mantle. [Wikipedia] basalt somarocki:CinderCone A volcanic cone built entirely of loose fragmented material (pyroclastics.) cinder cone somarocki:CompositeCone A steep volcanic cone built by both lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions composite cone somarocki:Dacite Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color and contains 62% to 69% silica and moderate a mounts of sodium and potassium. dacite somarocki:ExtrusiveRock Magma that has erupted onto the surface of the earth and cooled suffciently to form solid rock. [Wikipedia] extrusive rock matrRockIgneous:Felsic somarocki:Felsic Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. The term combines the words ‘feldspar’ and ‘silica.’ Felsic minerals are usually light in color and have specific gravities less than 3. Common felsic minerals include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. The most common felsic rock is granite. On the opposite side of the rock spectrum are the iron and magnesium-rich mafic and ultramafic minerals and rocks. [Wikipedia] felsic somarocki:Hypabyssal Hypabyssal are igneous rocks formed at a depth in between the plutonic and volcanic rocks. They are characterized by their porphyritic nature (porphyry). They consist of phenocrysts embedded in a fine-grained groundmass. [Wikipedia] hypabyssal somarocki:IgneousRock By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma [Wikipedia] igneous rock somarocki:IntrusiveRock Beneath the surface magma tends to cool slowly which allows for the growth of large crystals within the rock. Rocks formed in this way are intrusive or plutonic rocks. [Wikipedia] intrusive rock matrRockIgneous:Kimberlite somarocki:Kimberlite Kimberlite is a type of potassic volcanic rock best known for sometimes containing diamonds. The general consensus reached on kimberlites is that they are formed deep within the mantle, at between 150 and 450 kilometres depth, from anomalously enriched exotic mantle compositions, and are erupted rapidly and violently, often with considerable carbon dioxide and other volatile components. [Wikipedia] kimberlite somarocki:Lava Magma that extrudes onto the surface of earth is called lava. [Wikipedia] lava somarocki:Mafic Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron; the term was derived by contracting ‘magnesium’ and ‘ferric’. Most mafic minerals are dark in color and the specific gravity is greater than 3. Common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt and gabbro. In terms of chemistry, mafic rocks are on the other side of the rock spectrum from the felsic rocks. The term roughly corresponds to the older basic rock class.Mafic lava, before cooling, has a low viscosity, in comparison to felsic lava, due to the lower silica content in mafic magma. Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava, so eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic lava eruptions. Most mafic lava volcanoes are oceanic volcanoes, like Hawaii. [Wikipedia] mafic somarocki:Magma Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance in 3 phases; a system of silicate liquid, solid minerals, and perhaps a vapor phase. [Wikipedia] magma somarocki:Obsidian Obsidian, a type of quenched lava, is a silicic black volcanic glass [Wikipedia] obsidian somarocki:Pahoehoe Pahoehoe is basaltic lava that has a smooth, billowy, undulating, or ropy surface. These surface features are due to the movement of very fluid lava under a congealing surface crust. [Wikipedia] pahoehoe somarocki:Peridotite peridotite somarocki:PillowLava Pillow lava is the lava structure typically formed when lava emerges from an underwater volcanic vent or subglacial volcano or a lava flow enters the ocean. However, pillow lava can also form when lava is erupted beneath thick glacial ice. The viscous lava gains a solid crust on contact with the water, and this crust cracks and oozes additional large blobs or ‘pillows’ as more lava emerges from the advancing flow. Since water covers the majority of Earth's surface and most volcanoes are situated near or under bodies of water, pillow lava is very common. [Wikipedia] pillow lava somarocki:Pluton A pluton is an intrusive igneous rock body that crystallized from a magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Plutons include batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, and other igneous bodies. In practice, ‘pluton’ usually refers to a distinctive mass of igneous rock, typically kilometers in dimension, without a tabular shape like those of dikes and sills. Batholiths commonly are aggregations of plutons. The most common rock types in plutons are granite, granodiorite, tonalite, and quartz diorite. [Wikipedia] pluton somarocki:PlutonicRock plutonic rock somarocki:Pumice Light-colored, frothy volcanic rock, usually of dacite or rhyolite composition, formed by the expansion of gas in erupting lava. Commonly seen as lumps or fragments of pea-size and larger, but can also occur abundantly as ash-sized particles. pumice somarocki:Pyroclastic A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] pyroclastic somarocki:Rhyolite Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69% silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. rhyolite somarocki:SpatterCone A low, steep-sided cone of spatter built up on a fissure or vent. It is usually of basaltic material. spatter cone somarocki:Tephra Tephra is a collective term (generally plural) used for all material -- regardless of size-- ejected during an explosive volcanic eruption. tephra somarocki:Trachyandesite An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and andesite. trachyandesite somarocki:Trachybasalt An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and basalt. trachybasalt somarocki:Trachyte A group of fine-grained, generally porphyritic, extrusive igneous rocks having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals as the main components, and possibly a small amount of sodic plagioclase. trachyte somarocki:Tuff Rock formed of pyroclastic material. tuff somarocki:TuffCone A type of volcanic cone formed by the interaction of basaltic magma and water. Smaller and steeper than a tuff ring. tuff cone somarocki:TuffRing A wide, low-rimmed, well-bedded accumulation of hyalo-clastic debris built around a volcanic vent located in a lake, coastal zone, marsh, or area of abundant ground water. tuff ring somarocki:Ultramaphic The mantle is composed mostly of Ultramafic rocks (or see Igneous Primer) such as peridotite and dunite and their metamorphic equivalents (e.g. ecologite). [Wikipedia] ultramaphic somarocki:VolcanicCone A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. volcanic cone somarocki:VolcanicNeck A massive pillar of rock more resistant to erosion than the lavas and pyroclastic rocks of a volcanic cone. volcanic neck somarocki:VolcanicRock Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia] volcanic rock somarocki:Xenocryst A xenocryst is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a silica-deficient lava and diamonds within kimberlite diatremes. [Wikipedia] xenocryst somarocki:Xenolith A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. The term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock during magma emplacement and eruption [Wikipedia] xenolith somas:Alluvium alluvium somas:AshFlow A turbulent mixture of gas and rock fragments, most of which are ash-sized particles, ejected violently from a crater or fissure. The mass of pyroclastics is normally of very high temperature and moves rapidly down the slopes or even along a level surface. ash flow somas:Ashfall Volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an eruption cloud. A deposit so formed is usually well sorted and layered. ashfall somas:Bentonite bentonite somas:Block Angular chunk of solid rock ejected during an eruption. block somas:Bomb Fragment of molten or semi-molten rock, 2 1/2 inches to many feet in diameter, which is blown out during an eruption. Because of their plastic condition, bombs are often modified in shape during their flight or upon impact. bomb somas:Boulder boulder somas:Clast clast somas:Clay clay somas:Cobble cobble somas:Colluvium colluvium somas:Debris debris somas:DebrisAvalanche A rapid and unusually sudden sliding or flowage of unsorted masses of rock and other material. As applied to the major avalanche involved in the eruption of Mount St. Helens, a rapid mass movement that included fragmented cold and hot volcanic rock, water, snow, glacier ice, trees, and some hot pyroclastic material. Most of the May 18, 1980 deposits in the upper valley of the North Fork Toutle River and in the vicinity of Spirit Lake are from the debris avalanche. debris avalanche somas:DebrisFlow A mixture of water-saturated rock debris that flows downslope under the force of gravity (also called lahar or mudflow). debris flow somas:DrillingMud drilling mud somas:Ejecta In volcanology, particles that came out of a volcanic vent, traveled through the air or under water, and fell back on the ground surface or on the ocean floor. [Wikipedia] ejecta somas:Gibber gibber somas:Granule granule somas:Gravel gravel somas:HydrogenousSediment hydrogenous sediment somas:Hypoclastite A deposit formed by the flowing or intrusion of lava or magma into water, ice, or water-saturated sediment and its consequent granulation or shattering into small angular fragments. hypoclastite somas:Lahar A torrential flow of water-saturated volcanic debris down the slope of a volcano in response to gravity. A type of mudflow. lahar somas:Loam loam somas:Loess loess somas:MarineSediment marine sediment somas:Mud mud somas:Mudflow A flowage of water-saturated earth material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A less-saturated flowing mass is often called a debris flow. A mudflow originating on the flank of a volcano is properly called a lahar. mudflow somas:Peat Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands. peat somas:Pebble pebble somas:Sand sand somas:Sediment sediment somas:Silt silt somas:Soil soil somas:TerrigenousSediment In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, that are derived from terrestrial environments. Consisting of sand, mud, and silt carried to sea by rivers, their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely limited to the continental shelf. terrigenous sediment somas:Varve A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock. varve somas:VolcanicDeposit Volcanic deposits are molten rock (lava), solid rocks and ash which surround a volcano crater. [Wikipedia] volcanic deposit somaw:BlackWater black water somaw:BrackishWater Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. brackish water somaw:Brine brine somaw:CloudDrop cloud drop somaw:DepthHoar Depth hoares are large crystals occurring at the base of a snowpack that form due to the fact that a snow crystal can grow over time as moisture freezes onto the crystal from vapor that is rising in the snowpack. depth hoar somaw:Dew dew somaw:DrinkingWater drinking water somaw:DrizzleDrop drizzle drop somaw:Drop drop somaw:Effluent effluent somaw:Firn Firn is partially-compacted névé, a type of snow that has been left over from past seasons and has been recrystallized into a substance denser than névé. It is ice that is at an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice. Firn has the appearance of wet sugar, but has a hardness that makes it extremely resistant to shovelling. It generally has a density greater than 550 kg/m³ and is often found underneath the snow that accumulates at the head of a glacier. firn somaw:FreshWater fresh water somaw:Frost frost somaw:GranularIce granular ice somaw:GrayWater gray water somaw:Groundwater groundwater somaw:HoarCrystal hoar crystal somaw:Hydrate hydrate somaw:Ice ice somaw:IceCrystal ice crystal somaw:IceParticle ice particle somaw:LiquidWater liquid water somaw:RainDrop rain drop somaw:Rainwater rainwater somaw:Rime A white or milky and opaque granular deposit of ice formed by the rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they impinge upon an exposed object. rime somaw:SalineWater saline water somaw:SaltWater salt water somaw:SeaWater sea water somaw:Sewage sewage somaw:Snow snow somaw:SnowFacies snow facies somaw:SnowGrain snow grain somaw:Steam steam somaw:Wastewater wastewater somaw:WaterMixture water mixture somaw:WaterSubstance water substance somaw:WaterVapor water vapor soph:AirSeaExchange air sea exchange soph:AtmosphereLandExchange atmosphere land exchange soph:AtmosphereOceanExchange atmosphere ocean exchange soph:BrownianMotion A stochastic process that describes (among other things) the rapid and chaotic motion of particles suspended in a fluid at rest as a consequence of fluctuations in the rate at which fluid molecules collide with the particles. brownian motion soph:DynamicalPhenomena dynamical phenomena soph:Event event soph:ExtremeEvent extreme event soph:Flash flash soph:Occurrence occurrence soph:Phenomena phenomena soph:PlanetaryPhenomena Planetary phenomena are the movements of planets and the sun, including for example orbits, alignments, eclipses day and night cycles, and the change of seasons. planetary phenomena soph:Precipitation precipitation soph:RadiationalCooling radiational cooling soph:RadiationalHeating radiational heating soph:RadiativeCooling In meteorology, the result of radiative cooling of the earth's surface and adjacent air. Radiational cooling occurs, as is typical on calm, clear nights radiative cooling soph:RadiativeHeating radiative heating soph:StochasticProcess stochastic process soph:Teleconnection teleconnection sophatmo:AirMass A widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as 1) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the earth's surface (airmass source region), and 2) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. air mass sophatmo:AtmosphericDisturbance atmospheric disturbance sophatmo:AtmosphericPhenomena atmospheric phenomena sophatmo:AtmosphericWave atmospheric wave sophatmo:CappingInversion A statically stable layer at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. capping inversion sophatmo:EasterlyWave A migratory wavelike disturbance of the tropical easterlies. easterly wave sophatmo:FoehnWave Mountain waves, lee waves, or trapped lee waves in the air stream flowing over the mountain barrier that occur in association with foehn conditions. The Moazagotl is one example of a foehn wave made visible by lee-wave clouds. foehn wave sophatmo:FrontalWave A horizontal wavelike deformation of a front in the lower levels, commonly associated with a maximum of cyclonic circulation in the adjacent flow. It may develop into a wave cyclone. frontal wave sophatmo:GroundInversion An air layer with its base at the ground surface and in which temperature increases with height. These often form at night over land under clear skies and are statically stable. See inversion, lapse rate. ground inversion sophatmo:Icing icing sophatmo:KillingFreeze The occurrence of air temperature below 0 C (32F) that kills annual vegetation without formation of frost crystals on surfaces. See freeze, dry freeze, hard freeze, light freeze. killing freeze sophatmo:LeeWave 1. Any wave disturbance that is caused by, and is therefore stationary with respect to, some barrier in the fluid flow. Whether the wave is a gravity wave, inertia wave, barotropic wave, etc., will depend on the structure of the fluid and the dimensions of the barrier. 2. A mountain wave occurring to the lee of a mountain or mountain barrier. These waves can become visible in the form of lenticular or trapped lee-wave clouds. lee wave sophatmo:LightFreeze The occurrence of air temperature below 0 C (32F) that kills some, but not all, annual vegetation. This often occurs in the 0 to -1 C (32 30 F) range. light freeze sophatmo:LightFrost A thin and more or less patchy deposit of hoarfrost on surface objects and vegetation. light frost sophatmo:MesoscaleDisturbance A disturbance where the atmospheric feature has a Rossby number of order 1 and exhibits a horizontal scale comparable to the Rossby radius of deformation. For such systems, both ageostrophic advection and rotational influences are important. mesoscale disturbance sophatmo:MeteorologicalPhenomena meteorological phenomena sophatmo:MixedLayerCappingInversion The statically stable layer of air at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. Because the troposphere is statically stable on the average (i.e., potential temperature increases with height), and because turbulence in the boundary layer causes potential temperatures to become somewhat well mixed there, conservation of heat requires that there be a potential temperature increase (i.e., a temperature step or inversion) at the top of the boundary layer. It is this inversion that separates the boundary layer from the rest of the troposphere by limiting the domain of turbulence. It is also responsible for trapping pollutants near the ground during fair weather. mixed layer capping inversion sophatmo:MixedLayerEvolution The three-part change of the atmospheric boundary layer that typically occurs during fair weather over land on sunny days. In the early morning, the mixed layer is shallow, slowly deepening, cool (in a potential temperature sense), and is capped by the remains of the stable boundary layer from the previous night. In mid- to late morning, the top of the mixed layer exhibits rapid rise as heating eliminates the nocturnal inversion, and the mixed layer grows through the residual layer. The third stage in late morning and afternoon is that of a deep (order of 1?2 km) convective boundary layer of relatively constant depth. mixed layer evolution sophatmo:MoisturePooling The development of an area in the boundary layer (e.g., often observed on surface or 850-mb charts) where moisture values become higher than in the surrounding region. Moisture pooling typically occurs in an area of low-level convergence during the warm (growing) season, and can have a significant effect on convection initiation and evolution. moisture pooling sophatmo:MountainWave An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier. mountain wave sophatmo:NocturnalCooling The lowering of temperature during night time, due to a net loss of radiant energy. nocturnal cooling sophatmo:Obscuration obscuration sophatmo:OrographicLifting Ascending air flow caused by mountains. Mechanisms that produce the lifting fall into two broad categories: 1) the upward deflection of horizontal larger-scale flow by the orography acting as an obstacle or barrier; or 2) the daytime heating of mountain surfaces to produce anabatic flow along the slopes and updrafts in the vicinity of the peaks. orographic lifting sophatmo:Rainbow rainbow sophatmo:Sunlight Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the atmosphere, and the solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. This is usually during the hours known as day. Near the poles in summer, sunlight also occurs during the hours known as night and in the winter at the poles sunlight may not occur at any time. When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and heat. Radiant heat directly produced by the radiation of the sun is different from the increase in atmospheric temperature due to the radiative heating of the atmosphere by the sun's radiation. sunlight sophatmo:Sunlit sunlit sophatmo:Thermal thermal sophatmo:Weather weather sophatmo:WeatherCondition weather condition sophatmo:Whiteout An atmospheric optical phenomenon in which the observer appears to be engulfed in a uniformly white glow. whiteout sophatmoc:Altostratus A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance. altostratus sophatmoc:AnvilCloud The anvil-shaped cloud that comprises the upper portion of mature cumulonimbus clouds a type of cloud anvil cloud sophatmoc:BannerCloud A cloud plume often observed to extend downwind from isolated, sharp, often pyramid-shaped mountain peaks, even on otherwise cloud-free days. banner cloud sophatmoc:BaroclinicLeaf A synoptic-scale cloud pattern frequently observed in satellite imagery just prior to the onset of cyclogenesis. baroclinic leaf sophatmoc:BillowCloud A cloud variety composed of merged or separate elements that are elongated and parallel, either suggestive of ocean waves or arranged in ranks and files. billow cloud sophatmoc:BlackShearedAnvil Colloquial expression for a cumulonimbus anvil that spreads upwind into relatively strong winds aloft. black sheared anvil sophatmoc:Cirrostratus cirrostratus sophatmoc:Cirrus cirrus sophatmoc:Cloud A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. cloud sophatmoc:Cumulonimbus A principal cloud type (cloud genus), exceptionally dense and vertically developed, occurring either as isolated clouds or as a line or wall of clouds with separated upper portions. cumulonimbus sophatmoc:Cumulus A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of individual, detached elements that are generally dense and posses sharp nonfibrous outlines. cumulus sophatmoc:FlankingLine An organized lifting zone of cumulus and towering cumulus clouds, connected to and extending outward from the mature updraft tower of a supercell or strong multicell convective storm. flanking line sophatmoc:FoehnCloud Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. foehn cloud sophatmoc:FoehnWall The leeward edge of the orographic stratiform cap cloud as seen from the lee side of a mountain barrier, preceding or during a foehn or chinook event. The edge is generally abrupt and resembles a wall of cloud (?foehnwand? in German). This cloud often signifies the occurrence of orographic precipitation, especially snowfall in the cold season, over the peaks. See foehn cloud. foehn wall sophatmoc:ForcedCloud Small cumulus clouds that are everywhere negatively buoyant compared to the surrounding environment, but that exist because the inertia of the rising thermals feeding them from underneath is sufficient to penetrate the lifting condensation level (LCL). Morphologically, these are often cumulus humilis clouds and are typically found at the top of the convective boundary layer during daytime over land, when a strong temperature inversion aloft prevents the clouds from growing deeper. Compare active cloud, passive cloud. forced cloud sophatmoc:FunnelCloud A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. funnel cloud sophatmoc:KelvinHelmholtzBillows 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. kelvin helmholtz billows sophatmoc:LaSerpe A long strip of cloud that sometimes lies against the southern base of Mount Etna in Sicily. It is said to herald rain. la serpe sophatmoc:LayerCloud Stratus cloud; a continuous cloud sheet capped by an inversion. layer cloud sophatmoc:LenticularCloud A commonly used term for clouds of the species lenticularis. lenticular cloud sophatmoc:Mamma (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification. mamma sophatmoc:MaritimeCloud A cloud forming in maritime air containing relatively low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. These clouds are characterized by a broader droplet size distribution and low droplet concentrations (some 100 cm-3). See continental cloud. maritime cloud sophatmoc:MixedCloud A cloud containing both water drops (supercooled at temperatures below 0?C) and ice crystals, hence a cloud with a composition between that of a water cloud and that of an ice- crystal cloud. mixed cloud sophatmoc:MixingCloud A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature. mixing cloud sophatmoc:Moazagotl A stationary bank of cirriform cloud marking the upper portion of the system of lenticular clouds formed in the lee wave produced by flow across the Sudeten Mountains in southeastern Germany; a type of foehn cloud. moazagotl sophatmoc:MountainWaveCloud A cloud that forms in the rising branches of mountain waves and occupies the crests of the waves. The most distinctive are the sharp-edged, lens-, or almond-shaped lenticular clouds, but a variety of stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus forms appear in both the main, vertically propagating waves and in the lee waves. See mountain wave, foehn cloud. mountain wave cloud sophatmoc:Nacreous nacreous sophatmoc:Nimbostratus A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail. nimbostratus sophatmoc:NoctilucentCloud (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds. noctilucent cloud sophatmoc:NoctilueentCloud noctilueent cloud true sophatmoc:OrographicCloud Mountain clouds produced by orographic lifting of moist air to saturation. orographic cloud sophatmoc:OvershootingTop A domelike protrusion above a cumulonimbus anvil, representing the intrusion of an updraft through its equilibrium level. overshooting top sophatmoc:PassiveCloud A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts. passive cloud sophatmoc:RollCloud A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front. roll cloud sophatmoc:SelfCloud A low-level, horizontal, wedge-shaped arcus cloud associated with a convective storm's gust front. self cloud sophatmoc:Stratiform stratiform sophatmoc:Stratocumulus stratocumulus sophatmoc:Stratus stratus sophatmoc:Towering towering sophatmoc:WallCloud A local, often abrupt lowering from a cumulonimbus cloud base into a low-hanging accessory cloud, normally a kilometer or more in diameter. wall cloud sophatmofo:AdvectionFog A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. advection fog sophatmofo:BrownCloud Phenomenon particularly associated with smog episodes in cities such as Denver, Colorado. brown cloud sophatmofo:EvaporationFog Fog formed as a result of evaporation of water that is warmer than the air. evaporation fog sophatmofo:Fog Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. fog sophatmofo:FreezingFog A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects and form a coating of rime and/or glaze. freezing fog sophatmofo:FrontalFog Fog associated with frontal zones and frontal passages. It is usually divided into three types: warm-front prefrontal fog; cold-front post-frontal fog; and frontal-passage fog. The first two types are a result of rain falling into cold stable air and raising the dewpoint temperature. Frontal-passage fog can result from the ?mixing of warm and cold air masses in the frontal zone? or by ?sudden cooling of air over moist ground.? frontal fog sophatmofo:Garua A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area. garua sophatmofo:GroundFog 1. According to U.S. weather observing practice, a fog that hides less than 0.6 of the sky and does not extend to the base of any clouds that may lie above it. As an obstruction to vision in an aviation weather observation, ground fog is encoded GF. 2. See radiation fog. ground fog sophatmofo:Haar A name applied to a wet sea fog or very fine drizzle that drifts in from the sea in coastal districts of eastern Scotland and northeastern England. It occurs most frequently in summer. haar sophatmofo:Haze Particles suspended, reducing visibility by scattering light; often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog. haze sophatmofo:HighFog In the US, the frequent fog on the slopes of the coastal mountains of California, especially applied when the fog overtops the range and extends as stratus over the leeward valleys. high fog sophatmofo:IceFog A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. ice fog sophatmofo:MixingFog Fog, light and of short duration, produced by the mixing of two moist but nonsaturated air masses with different temperatures. mixing fog sophatmofo:MonsoonFog An advection fog produced as a monsoon circulation that transports warm moist air over a colder surface. monsoon fog sophatmofo:MountainFog Fog formed by orographic lifting to condensation of moist air up a mountain slope. mountain fog sophatmofo:OrographicFog orographic fog sophatmofo:RadiationFog A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. radiation fog sophatmofo:SaltHaze A haze created by the presence of finely divided particles of sea salt in the air, usually derived from the evaporation of sea spray. salt haze sophatmofo:SandHaze Reduced visibility in the atmospheric boundary layer caused by suspended particles of soil, mixed into the air during strong winds. sand haze sophatmofo:Smog A natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog. smog sophatmofo:UpslopeFog A type of fog formed when air flows upward over rising terrain and is, consequently, adiabatically cooled to or below its dewpoint. upslope fog sophatmofr:ColdFront cold front sophatmofr:Damming damming sophatmofr:Dryline dryline sophatmofr:FalseWarmSector false warm sector sophatmofr:Front front sophatmofr:FrontRegion front region sophatmofr:FrontalLifting frontal lifting sophatmofr:KataFront kata front sophatmofr:KatabaticFront katabatic front sophatmofr:MediterraneanFront mediterranean front sophatmofr:MeiyuFront meiyu front sophatmofr:Microfront microfront sophatmofr:MoistTongue moist tongue sophatmofr:OccludedFront occluded front sophatmofr:OutflowBoundary outflow boundary sophatmofr:SeaBreezeFront sea breeze front sophatmofr:Seclusion seclusion sophatmofr:TransitionZone transition zone sophatmofr:TriplePoint triple point sophatmofr:WarmFront warm front sophatmofr:WarmSector warm sector sophatmol:BallLightning A rare and randomly occurring bright ball of light observed floating or moving through the atmosphere close to the ground. ball lightning sophatmol:BeadedLightning A particular aspect of a normal lightning flash occasionally seen when the observer happens to view end-on a number of segments of the irregular channel (zigzag lightning) and hence receives an impression of higher luminosity at a series of locations along the channel. beaded lightning sophatmol:BlueJet Weakly luminous upward propagating discharges, blue in color, emanating from the tops of thunderstorms. blue jet sophatmol:JunctionStreamer The process by which negative charge centers at successively more distant locations in a thundercloud are tapped for discharge by successive strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning. junction streamer sophatmol:Lightning Lightning is a transient, high-current electric discharge with pathlengths measured in kilometers. The most common source of lightning is the electric charge separated in ordinary thunderstorm clouds. lightning sophatmol:ReturnStroke The intense luminosity that propagates upward from earth to cloud base in the last phase of each lightning stroke of a cloud-to-ground discharge. return stroke sophatmol:Thunder The sound emitted by rapidly expanding gases along the channel of a lightning discharge. thunder sophatmopc:AtmosphericPrecipitation atmospheric precipitation sophatmopc:Blizzard blizzard sophatmopc:CloudBurst In popular terminology, any sudden and heavy fall of rain, almost always of the shower type. cloud burst sophatmopc:ConvectiveStorm convective storm sophatmopc:Drizzle Very small, numerous, and uniformly distributed water drops that may appear to float while following air currents. drizzle sophatmopc:Ecnephias A squall or thunderstorm in the Mediterranean. ecnephias sophatmopc:FamilyOfTornadoes A sequence of long-lived tornadoes produced by a cyclic supercell storm. Tornadoes touch down at quasi-regular intervals (typically 45 min). Usually a new tornado develops in a new mesocyclone just after an old tornado has decayed in an old, occluded neighboring mesocyclone. Sometimes, two successive tornadoes may overlap in time for a few minutes. The two mesocyclones may rotate partially around each other. If the damage tracks of the tornadoes appear to form a wavy broken line, the family is classified as a series mode. In the more common parallel-mode family, the damage tracks are parallel arcs with each new tornado forming on the right side of its predecessor. The parallel mode is subcategorized into left turn and right turn, according to the direction in which the paths curve. family of tornadoes sophatmopc:FreezingRain Rain that falls in liquid form but freezes upon impact to form a coating of glaze upon the ground and on exposed objects. freezing rain sophatmopc:GoslingBlast A sudden squall of rain or sleet in England. gosling blast sophatmopc:GowkStorm Any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth's surface, implying inclement and possibly destructive weather. gowk storm sophatmopc:Graupel graupel sophatmopc:GreenThunderstorm Any thunderstorm that is perceived by observers to be green. The perceptually dominant wavelength of light from green thunderstorms ranges from blue- green to yellow-green. The purity of the color is generally low and the topical mechanism that causes the green appearance is not understood. Although green clouds often occur in conjunction with severe weather, there is no evidence to support anecdotal attributions of the cause of this green to specific characteristics of severe storms, such as hail or tornadoes. green thunderstorm sophatmopc:Hail Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. An individual unit of hail is called a hailstone. By convention, hail has a diameter of 5 mm or more, while smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. hail sophatmopc:HailStorm Any storm that produces hailstones that fall to the ground; usually used when the amount or size of the hail is considered significant. hail storm sophatmopc:HeatThunderstorm In popular terminology, a thunderstorm of the air mass type that develops near the end of a hot, humid summer day; this term has no precise technical meaning. heat thunderstorm sophatmopc:HeavyRainfall Rain with a rate of accumulation exceeding a specific value that is geographically dependent. heavy rainfall sophatmopc:HeavySnowfall heavy snowfall sophatmopc:HighLevelThunderstorm Generally, a thunderstorm based at a comparatively high altitude in the atmosphere, roughly 2400 m or higher. These storms form most strikingly over arid regions, and frequently their precipitation is evaporated before reaching the earth's surface. high level thunderstorm sophatmopc:Hurricane hurricane sophatmopc:HurricaneBand A hurricane radar band of circular or spiral shape associated with a tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). Made evident by radar observations, hurricane bands typically curve cyclonically inward toward the center of the storm. The bands may be classified as primary if they merge into the eyewall encircling the eye of the storm, or secondary if they are disconnected from the eyewall. Hurricane bands generally move slowly around the center of the storm in the direction of the hurricane circulation. See banded structure. hurricane band sophatmopc:IcePellet ice pellet sophatmopc:IceStorm A storm characterized by a fall of freezing liquid precipitation. The attendant formation of glaze on terrestrial objects creates many hazards. ice storm sophatmopc:Kaavie In Scotland, a heavy fall of snow. kaavie sophatmopc:Kelsher In England, a heavy fall of rain. kelsher sophatmopc:LakeEffect Generally, the effect of any lake in modifying the weather about its shore and for some distance downwind. This term is applied specifically to the region about the Great Lakes or the Great Salt Lake. More specifically, lake effect often refers to the generation of sometimes spectacular snowfall amounts to the lee of the Great Lakes as cold air passes over the lake surface, extracting heat and moisture, resulting in cloud formation and snowfall downwind of the lake shore. lake effect sophatmopc:LakeEffectSnow Localized, convective snow bands that occur in the lee of lakes when relatively cold airflows over warm water. In the US this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. Snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water. lake effect snow sophatmopc:LakeEffectSnowstorm lake effect snowstorm sophatmopc:LambingStorm (Also called lamb-blasts, lamb-showers, lamb storm.) A slight fall of snow in the spring in England. lambing storm sophatmopc:LandLash In England, a heavy fall of rain, accompanied by a high wind. land lash sophatmopc:Landspout (Rare.) A tornado. 2. Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. landspout sophatmopc:LocalStorm A storm of mesometeorological scale; thus, thunderstorms, squalls, and tornadoes are often put in this category. local storm sophatmopc:MesocycloneSignature The Doppler velocity pattern of a mesocyclone within a severe thunderstorm. In a storm-relative reference frame, the idealized signature is symmetric about the radar viewing direction with marked azimuthal shear across the core region between peak Doppler velocity values of opposite sign. Typical signatures consist of Doppler velocity differences of 25? 75 m s-1 across core diameters of 2?8 km, with resulting azimuthal shear values of 5 ? 10-3 s-1 to 2 ? 10-2 s-1. mesocyclone signature sophatmopc:Mist mist sophatmopc:Monsoon monsoon sophatmopc:MulticellConvectiveStorm A convective storm system usually composed of a cluster of ordinary convective cells at various stages of their life cycle. New cells within the convective system are generated primarily by either low-level convergence along a preexisting boundary, or by lifting at the leading edge of the system-scale cold pool that was produced by the previous cells. A multicell storm may have a lifetime of several hours, and may also have supercells incorporated as a part of the system as well. See also cell, ordinary cell, supercell, thunderstorm. multicell convective storm sophatmopc:NonSupercellTornado A tornado that occurs with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. The parent cloud does not contain a preexisting midlevel mesocyclone. Landspouts and gustnadoes are examples of the nonsupercell tornado. non supercell tornado sophatmopc:NortheastStorm A cyclonic storm off the east coast of North America, so called because the winds over the coastal area are from the northeast. northeast storm sophatmopc:PopUpThunderstorm An airmass thunderstorm that forms rapidly in an otherwise rain-free environment. This most often occurs on warm, humid days, in unstable meteorological conditions. pop up thunderstorm sophatmopc:PrefrontalSquallLine A squall line less than about 100 km ahead of a cold front, in the warm sector, having an orientation more or less parallel to the cold front. prefrontal squall line sophatmopc:Rain rain sophatmopc:Rainband The complete cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall sufficiently elongated that an orientation can be assigned. rainband sophatmopc:Rainfall rainfall sophatmopc:Shower shower sophatmopc:Sleet sleet sophatmopc:Snowfall snowfall sophatmopc:SplittingConvectiveStorm The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells. splitting convective storm sophatmopc:SquallLine A line of active thunderstorms, either continuous or with breaks, including contiguous precipitation areas resulting from the existence of the thunderstorms. squall line sophatmopc:Storm storm sophatmopc:SupercellConvectiveStorm supercell convective storm sophatmopc:Thunderstorm thunderstorm sophatmopc:Tornado tornado sophatmopc:TropicalStorm tropical storm sophatmopc:Typhoon typhoon sophatmopc:WaterSpout 1. In general, any tornado over a body of water. 2. In its most common form, a nonsupercell tornado over water. water spout sophatmops:AtmosphericAnticyclone atmospheric anticyclone sophatmops:AtmosphericCyclone atmospheric cyclone sophatmops:AtmosphericHighPressure atmospheric high pressure sophatmops:AtmosphericLowPressure atmospheric low pressure sophatmops:AtmosphericRidge atmospheric ridge sophatmops:AtmosphericTrough atmospheric trough sophatmops:Barometric barometric sophatmops:Blocking blocking sophatmops:BowEcho A bow-shaped line of convective cells that is often associated with swaths of damaging straight-line winds and small tornadoes. bow echo sophatmops:ConvectionCell An organized unit of convection within a convecting layer. It is isolated by a stream surface, with ascending motion in the center and descending motion near the periphery, or vice versa. convection cell sophatmops:CutOffHigh cut off high sophatmops:CutOffLow A cold low that has grown out of a trough and become displaced out of the basic westerly current and lies equatorward of this current. cut off low sophatmops:Cyclogenesis A physical process at the initial stage of cyclone life cycle cyclogenesis sophatmops:DeepConvection deep convection sophatmops:Deepening A decrease in the central pressure of a pressure system as depicted on a constant- height chart, or an analogous decrease in height on a constant-pressure chart; the opposite of filling. deepening sophatmops:DryConvection dry convection sophatmops:ElevatedConvection Convection that originates from an atmospheric layer above the boundary layer. elevated convection sophatmops:ExtratropicalCyclone Any cyclonic-scale storm that is not a tropical cyclone, usually referring only to the migratory frontal cyclones of middle and high latitudes. extratropical cyclone sophatmops:KatallobaticCenter A point of maximum decrease in atmospheric pressure over a specified interval of time; on synoptic charts, a point of greatest negative pressure tendency; opposed to a pressure- rise center. katallobatic center sophatmops:LeesideConvergence Region of convergence, often a line, downwind of a mountain or mountain ridge during fair-weather daytime conditions that are favorable for the formation of thermally forced upslope flow and deep convective mixing. Convergence forms between upslope (or sometimes light and variable) flow at lower elevations of the lee slopes and downslope flow at higher elevations, which results from the downward convective mixing of ambient momentum from the flow above ridgetops. With moist upslope flow and favorable conditions, updrafts produced by the convergence can lead to mountain cumulus formation, or trigger thunderstorm or severe weather activity. leeside convergence sophatmops:LongmontAnticyclone A mesoscale zone of anticyclonically turning winds that develops downstream of the Cheyenne Ridge in northeast Colorado and southeast Wyoming, and is often centered just east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains near the town of Longmont, Colorado. The cause of the feature is the interaction of the ambient low level northwest flow with the east?west terrain feature known as the Cheyenne Ridge. See also Denver convergence?vorticity zone. longmont anticyclone sophatmops:Mesoanticyclone An anticyclonically rotating vortex, around 210 km in diameter, in a convective storm. mesoanticyclone sophatmops:Mesocyclone A cyclonically rotating vortex, around 2?10 km in diameter, in a convective storm. The vorticity associated with a mesocyclone is often on the order of 10-2 s-1 or greater. (It should be noted that a mesocyclone is not just any cyclone on the mesoscale; it refers specifically to cyclones within convective storms.) Mesocyclones are frequently found in conjunction with updrafts in supercells. Tornadoes sometimes form in mesocyclones. Persistent mesocyclones that have significant vertical extent are detected by Doppler radar as mesocyclone signatures. Tornado warnings may be issued when a mesocyclone signature is detected. mesocyclone sophatmops:Mesolow A low pressure area on the mesoscale. It has been used to refer both to features observed within convective storms and features even larger in scale. mesolow sophatmops:MesoscaleCellularConvection A regular pattern of convective cells that can develop in an atmospheric boundary layer heated from below or radiatively cooled from cloud top. This phenomenon is readily observed in satellite imagery during cold air outbreaks when continental air passes over the relatively warm coastal ocean. Cloud lines, marking horizontal roll vortices, form initially in the developing marine atmospheric boundary layer. These lines evolve into open cells, which are defined by clouds in the upward motion along the edges of honeycomb- shaped cells, with less cloudy subsiding air in their centers. The convective structure further evolves into closed cells, which have cloudy centers and cloud-free edges. mesoscale cellular convection sophatmops:MesoscaleConvectiveComplex A subset of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) that exhibit a large, circular (as observed by satellite), long-lived, cold cloud shield. Alternatively, a dynamical definition of an MCC requires that the system have a Rossby number of order 1 and exhibit a horizontal scale comparable to the Rossby radius of deformation. In midlatitude MCS environments, the Rossby radius of deformation is about 300 km. mesoscale convective complex sophatmops:MesoscaleConvectiveSystem A cloud system that occurs in connection with an ensemble of thunderstorms and produces a contiguous precipitation area on the order of 100 km or more in horizontal scale in at least one direction. An MCS exhibits deep, moist convective overturning contiguous with or embedded within a mesoscale vertical circulation that is at least partially driven by the convective overturning. mesoscale convective system sophatmops:MiniSupercell Convective storm that contains similar radar characteristics to those of a supercell (e.g., hook echo, WER, BWER), but is significantly smaller in height and width. The diameter of the radar-detected rotation is 1?8 km. This is a relatively new storm type, the existence of which has been confirmed by data from the recently installed WSR?88D radars in the US. Mini-supercells occur in areas where the height of the equilibrium level is low, most often in the northern US, but possibly under certain weather conditions in any area of the world. They are sometimes found in landfalling tropical cyclones. mini supercell sophatmops:MinorRidge A ridge of smaller scale than a long-wave ridge. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory anticyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave. minor ridge sophatmops:MinorTrough A pressure trough of smaller scale than a long-wave trough. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory cyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave. minor trough sophatmops:MoistConvection Atmospheric convection in which the phase changes of water play an appreciable role. All cumuliform clouds are manifestations of moist convection. The enthalpy exchange between condensing water vapor or freezing liquid water and air (see latent heat) is a major contributor to the positive buoyancy of updrafts, while the reverse exchange between air and evaporating water or melting ice contributes strongly to the negative buoyancy of downdrafts. moist convection sophatmops:MonsoonDepression A depression that forms within the monsoon trough. The term is most frequently used to describe weak cyclonic disturbances that form over the Bay of Bengal and generally track northwestward over the Indian subcontinent. These occasionally intensify into tropical cyclones if they remain over warm ocean water long enough. The term is also used to describe depressions that form within the monsoon trough near Australia and in the western North Pacific region. The term has gained ascendancy in use to refer to a broad tropical cyclonic vortex characterized by 1) its large size, where the outermost closed isobar may have a diameter on the order of 600 n mi (1000 km); 2) a loosely organized cluster of deep convective elements, which may form an elongated band of deep convection in the east semicircle; 3) a low- level wind distribution that features a 100 n mi (200 km) diameter light-wind core, which may be surrounded by a band of gales or contain a highly asymmetric wind field; and 4) a lack of a distinct cloud system center. Most monsoon depressions that develop in the western North Pacific eventually acquire persistent central convection and accelerated core winds, marking their transitions into conventional tropical cyclones. monsoon depression sophatmops:MonsoonGyre A convection of the summer monsoon circulation of the western North Pacific characterized by 1) a very large nearly circular low-level cyclonic vortex (not the result of the expanding wind field of a preexisting monsoon depression or tropical cyclone) that has an outermost closed isobar with a diameter on the order of 1200 n mi (2500 km); 2) a cloud band bordering the southern through eastern periphery of the vortex/surface low; and 3) a relatively long (two week) life span. Initially, a subsequent regime exists in its core and western and northwestern quadrants with light winds and scattered low cumulus clouds; later, the area within the outer closed isobar may fill with deep convective cloud and become a isobar or tropical cyclone. Note: a series of midget tropical cyclones may emerge from the ?head? or leading edge of the peripheral tropical cyclone of a monsoon gyre. monsoon gyre sophatmops:MonsoonLow A seasonal low found over a continent in the summer and over the adjacent sea in the winter. Examples are the lows over the southwestern US and India in summer and those located off lower California and in the Bay of Bengal in winter. Palmer (1951) points out that, while the winter and summer monsoon lows appear similar on mean charts, they are dynamically quite different. Compare thermal low. monsoon low sophatmops:Multivortex multivortex sophatmops:PolarCyclone polar cyclone sophatmops:PolarLow polar low sophatmops:ShallowConvection shallow convection sophatmops:SubtropicalCyclone subtropical cyclone sophatmops:TUTT tutt sophatmops:TropicalCyclone tropical cyclone sophatmops:TropicalUpperTroposphericTrough tropical upper tropospheric trough sophatmops:UpdraftCurtain Long narrow sheets of warm air rising from a heated surface. updraft curtain sophatmot:AcidFog Occurrence of fog or haze in which considerable amounts of acidic material have been taken up from the gas phase, resulting in pH values less than approximately 3 in the liquid phase. acid fog sophatmot:AcidHaze acid haze sophatmot:AcidRain A popular expression for the deposition by rainfall of various airborne pollutants (especially SO2 and NO2) that have harmful effects on vegetation, soils, buildings and other external structures. acid rain sophatmot:MixedLayerVenting Removal of pollutants out of the top of the atmospheric boundary layer through the mixed-layer capping inversion. Normally pollutants cannot escape through the capping inversion. However, penetrating cumulus clouds, thunderstorms, mountain circulations, and frontal circulations can force polluted air through the inversion to vent pollutants into the free atmosphere. mixed layer venting sophatmot:NucleationScavenging Water vapor that removes particulate matter from the atmosphere nucleation scavenging sophatmot:Rainout rainout sophatmot:ScavengingByPrecipitation Removal of pollutants from the air by either rain or snow. Rainout (or snowout), which is the in-cloud capture of particulates as condensation nuclei, is one form of scavenging. scavenging by precipitation sophatmot:Washout washout sophatmot:WetDeposition The removal of atmospheric gases or particles through their incorporation into hydrometeors, which are then lost by precipitation. wet deposition sophatmow:AgeostrophicWind The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind ageostrophic wind sophatmow:AtmosphericCirculation atmospheric circulation sophatmow:AtmosphericPumping atmospheric pumping sophatmow:Blowing When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more blowing sophatmow:CrossWind cross wind sophatmow:Derecho A widespread convectively induced straight-line windstorm. derecho sophatmow:Downdraft Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. downdraft sophatmow:DrainageWind drainage wind sophatmow:DustDevil dust devil sophatmow:DustStorm dust storm sophatmow:EasterlyWind easterly wind sophatmow:EulerianWind In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force. eulerian wind sophatmow:GeostrophicWind geostrophic wind sophatmow:GlobalWindCirculation global wind circulation sophatmow:Gust 1. A sudden, brief increase in the speed of the wind. It is of a more transient character than a squall and is followed by a lull or slackening in the wind speed. Generally, winds are least gusty over large water surfaces and most gusty over rough land and near high buildings. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 s. 2. With respect to aircraft turbulence, a sharp change in wind speed relative to the aircraft; a sudden increase in airspeed due to fluctuations in the airflow, resulting in increased structural stresses upon the aircraft. 3. (Rare.) Same as cloudburst. gust sophatmow:HadleyCirculation hadley circulation sophatmow:HeadWind A wind that opposes the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's airspeed greater than its groundspeed; the opposite of a tailwind. head wind sophatmow:HotWind General term for winds characterized by intense heat and low relative humidity, such as summertime desert winds or an extreme foehn. hot wind sophatmow:JetEffectWind A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges. jet effect wind sophatmow:JetStreak The region of a jet stream axis with the greatest winds. jet streak sophatmow:JetStream Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. jet stream sophatmow:JetStreamAxis The axis of maximum wind speed in a jet stream. jet stream axis sophatmow:JetStreamWind jet stream wind sophatmow:LocalWind 1. Winds that, over a small area, differ from those that would be appropriate to the general large-scale pressure distribution, or that possess some other peculiarity. Often these winds have names unique to the area where they occur. Local winds may be classified into three main groups. The first includes diurnally varying airflows that are driven by local gradients of surface heat flux (e.g., near the shore of a sea or lake) or by diurnal heating or cooling of the ground surface in areas of sloping or mountainous terrain. These include land and sea breezes, mountain?valley circulations, and drainage and slope winds. The second group consists of winds produced by the interaction of a synoptic-scale flow with orography. These may be further subdivided into barrier jets, gap winds, downslope windstorms, and include such local phenomena as the tehuantepecer, Santa Ana, foehn, mistral, and bora. The third group includes those winds accompanying convective activity, more specifically individual thunderstorms or mesoscale convective systems. These are generally the surface manifestations of precipitation- cooled diverging outflow and in some locations are given special names due to the distinctive character of the weather associated with them (e.g., the haboob). 2. Local or colloquial names given to frequently occurring or particularly noteworthy winds (sometimes because of the bad weather associated with them), usually from a certain direction. Often these names reflect the direction from which the wind comes (e.g., sou'wester, nor'easter). local wind sophatmow:MeridionalWind The wind or wind component along the local meridian, as distinguished from the zonal wind. In a horizontal coordinate system fixed locally with the x axis directed eastward and the y axis northward, the meridional wind is positive if from the south, and negative if from the north. meridional wind sophatmow:Microburst microburst sophatmow:SandStorm sand storm sophatmow:Tailwind A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind. tailwind sophatmow:TertiaryCirculation The generally small, localized atmospheric circulations. tertiary circulation sophatmow:ThermalWind The mean wind-shear vector in geostrophic balance with the gradient of mean temperature of a layer bounded by two isobaric surfaces. thermal wind sophatmow:TradeWind The wind system, occupying most of the Tropics, that blows from the subtropical highs toward the equatorial trough; a major component of the general circulation of the atmosphere. trade wind sophatmow:VeeringWind In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that rotates in a clockwise direction with increasing height; the opposite of backing wind. veering wind sophatmow:WalkerCell walker cell sophatmow:WalkerCirculation A zonal circulation of the atmosphere confined to equatorial regions and driven principally by the oceanic temperature gradient. In the Pacific, air flows westward from the colder, eastern area to the warm, western ocean, where it acquires warmth and moisture and subsequently rises. A return flow aloft and subsidence over the eastern ocean complete the cell walker circulation sophatmow:WarmConveyorBelt warm conveyor belt sophatmow:Wind wind sophatmow:WindGust wind gust sophatmow:WindStorm wind storm sophatmow:Windborne windborne sophatmow:ZonalFlow In meteorology, the flow of air along a latitude circle; more specifically, the latitudinal (east or west) component of existing flow. zonal flow sophatmow:ZonalWind zonal wind sophatmowm:AnabaticWind In mountain meteorology, an upslope wind driven by heating (usually daytime insolation) at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. anabatic wind sophatmowm:BarrierJet A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier. barrier jet sophatmowm:BlackSquall A squall accompanied by dark clouds and generally by heavy rain. black squall sophatmowm:BookEndVorticities Mesoscale vortices observed at the ends of a line segment of convective cells, usually cyclonic on the northern end of the system and anticyclonic on the southern end, for an environment of westerly vertical wind shear book end vorticities sophatmowm:Bora A fall wind with a source so cold that, when the air reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise the air temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind bora sophatmowm:CanyonWind The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls. canyon wind sophatmowm:CherguiWind An east or southeast desert wind in Morocco (North Africa), especially in the north. chergui wind sophatmowm:ChinookWind The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada. chinook wind sophatmowm:DesertWind A wind blowing from the desert. desert wind sophatmowm:DownslopeWind A wind directed down a slope, often used to describe winds produced by processes larger in scale than the slope. downslope wind sophatmowm:DownslopeWindStorm A very strong, usually gusty, and occasionally, violent wind that blows down the lee slope of a mountain range, often reaching its peak strength near the foot of the mountains and weakening rapidly father away from the mountains. downslope wind storm sophatmowm:FallWind A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. fall wind sophatmowm:Foehn A warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range. foehn sophatmowm:FogWind The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. fog wind sophatmowm:Forano A sea breeze of Naples in Italy. forano sophatmowm:Galerne A squally northwesterly wind, cold, humid, and showery, that occurs in the rear of a low pressure area over the English Channel and off the Atlantic coast of France and northern Spain. galerne sophatmowm:Gallego A strong, low-level wind through either a relatively level channel between two mountain ranges or a gap in a mountain barrier; originally applied to strong (10?20 m s-1) easterly winds through the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of western Washington State and the mountains of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. There they have been defined as ?a flow of air in a sea level channel that accelerates under the influence of a pressure gradient parallel to the axis of the channel.? As in the case of mountain- gap winds, this term has also been applied to pressure-gradient winds accelerating through a gap in a mountain barrier. The pressure gradient often results from a stable, post-cold-frontal anticyclone approaching the barrier and being partially blocked (see blocking) as it ascends the barrier, except for the flow through the gap or channel. The tehuantepecer of Central America is a well- known gap wind by this definition. These flows have sometimes been referred to as jet-effect wind and canyon wind. gallego sophatmowm:Garbin A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M. garbin sophatmowm:Gending A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes. gending sophatmowm:Gharbi A fresh westerly wind of oceanic origin in Morocco. gharbi sophatmowm:Gharra Hard squalls from the northeast in Libya and Africa. They are sudden and frequent and are accompanied by heavy rain and thunder. gharra sophatmowm:Ghibli A hot dust-bearing desert wind in Tripolitania (northwestern Libya), similar to the foehn. ghibli sophatmowm:GlacierWind A shallow gravity wind, along the icy surface of a glacier, caused by the temperature difference between the air in contact with the glacier and free air at the same altitude. The glacier wind does not reverse itself diurnally as do mountain and valley winds, but it reaches its maximum intensity in the early afternoon. The glacier wind is characterized by strongly turbulent flow. See katabatic wind. glacier wind sophatmowm:GorgeWind A gap wind or canyon wind through a gorge. gorge wind sophatmowm:GravityWind A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope. gravity wind sophatmowm:Greco An Italian name for the northeast wind. It was given by Roman sailors to the northeast wind in the Gulf of Lions because it came from the direction of the Greek colony of Marsala (Marseilles). Wind names of similar origin are common in the western Mediterranean, for example, gregale. greco sophatmowm:Gregale The Maltese and best-known variant of a term for a strong northeast wind in the central and western Mediterranean and adjacent European land areas (stronger than the levante). gregale sophatmowm:GregauWind In the Tirol, an east wind during March and April. gregau wind sophatmowm:GullySquall A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. gully squall sophatmowm:Haboob A strong wind and sandstorm or duststorm in northern and central Sudan, especially around Khartoum, where the average number is about 24 a year. The name comes from the Arabic word habb, meaning ?wind.? Haboobs are most frequent from May through September, especially in June, but they have occurred in every month except November. Their average duration is three hours; they are most severe in April and May when the soil is driest. They may approach from any direction, but most commonly from the north in winter and from the south, southeast, or east in summer. The average maximum wind velocity is over 13 m s-1 (30 mph) and a speed of 28 m s-1 (62 mph) has been recorded. The sand and dust form a dense whirling wall that may be 1000 m (3000 ft) high; it is often preceded by isolated dust whirls. During these storms, enormous quantities of sand are deposited. Haboobs usually occur after a few days of rising temperature and falling pressure. haboob sophatmowm:IbeWind A local strong wind that blows through the Dzungarian Gate (in western China), a gap in the mountain ridge separating the depression of Lakes Balkash and Ala Kul from that of Lake Ebi Nor. The wind resembles the foehn and brings a sudden rise of temperature, in winter from about -26? to about -1?C. ibe wind sophatmowm:InlandSeaBreeze A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light. inland sea breeze sophatmowm:Kachchan A hot, dry, west or southwest wind of foehn type in the lee of the Sri Lanka hills during the southwest monsoon in June and July. kachchan sophatmowm:KalBaisakhi In India, a short-lived dusty squall at the onset of the southwest monsoon (April? June) in Bengal. kal baisakhi sophatmowm:Karaburan A violent northeast wind of Central Asia occurring during spring and summer. karaburan sophatmowm:Karajol On the Bulgarian coast, a west wind that usually follows rain and persists for one to three days. karajol sophatmowm:Karema A violent east wind on Lake Tanganyika in Africa. karema sophatmowm:Karif A strong southwest wind on the southern shore of the Gulf of Aden, especially at Berbera, Somaliland, during the southwest monsoon. karif sophatmowm:KatabaticWind Most widely used in mountain meteorology to denote a downslope flow driven by cooling at the slope surface during periods of light larger-scale winds; the nocturnal component of the along-slope wind systems. katabatic wind sophatmowm:Kaus A moderate to gale-force southeasterly wind in the Persian Gulf; it is accompanied by gloomy weather, rain, and squalls. kaus sophatmowm:Khamsin (Also spelled camsin, chamsin, kamsin, khamasseen, khemsin.) A dry, dusty, and generally hot desert wind in Egypt and over the Red Sea. It is generally southerly or southeasterly, occurring in front of depressions moving eastward across North Africa or the southeastern Mediterranean. The deep khamsins occur in spring with depressions traveling east-northeast across the northern Sahara. They are preceded by a heat wave lasting about three days and are followed by a duststorm. The passage of the depression is marked by a cold front bringing Mediterranean air and a sudden drop in temperature. See ghibli, chili, sirocco. khamsin sophatmowm:KloofWind A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa. kloof wind sophatmowm:KnikWind Local name for a strong southeast wind in the vicinity of Palmer in the Matanuska Valley of Alaska. The knik wind blows most frequently in the winter, although it may occur at any time of year. In winter the knik winds are accompanied by very pronounced temperature rises; cases of more than 10?C in 24 hours have been observed. These winds may last from one to ten days. They result from a pressure gradient normal to the Chugach Mountains, causing a pronounced foehn effect in the Matanuska Valley. knik wind sophatmowm:Koembang A dry foehnlike wind from southeast or south in Cheribon and Tegal in Indonesia. It is caused by the east monsoon that develops a jet effect in passing through the gaps in the mountain ranges and descends on the leeward side. koembang sophatmowm:Kona A stormy, rain-bringing wind from the southwest or south-southwest in Hawaii. It blows about five times a year on the southwest slopes that are in the lee of the prevailing northeast trade winds. Kona is the Polynesian word for ?leeward.? It is associated with a southward or a southeastward swing of the Aleutian low and the passage of a secondary depression (kona cyclone) from northwest to southeast, north of the islands. kona sophatmowm:Kossava (Also spelled kosava, koschawa.) A cold, very squally wind, descending from the east or southeast in the region of the Danube ?Iron Gate? through the Carpathians, continuing westward over Belgrade, thence spreading northward to the Rumanian and Hungarian borderlands and southward as far as Nish. In winter it brings temperatures down to below -29C and it is cool even in summer, when it is also dusty. It usually occurs with a depression over the Adriatic and high pressure over southern Russia, a frequent situation in winter. It is usually explained as a jet-effect wind through the Iron Gate, giving speeds well above the gradient wind, but it can be regarded as a katabatic wind intermediate between foehn and bora. The kossava has a marked diurnal variation, with its maximum occurring between 5 AM and 10 AM. kossava sophatmowm:KrakatoaWind (Also spelled Krakatau; formerly called overtrades.) A layer of easterly winds over the Tropics at an altitude of about 18-24 km. This layer tops the midtropospheric westerlies (the antitrades), is at least 6 km deep, and is based at about 2 km above the tropopause. This easterly current is more prominent and better defined in the summer hemisphere. It derives its name from the observed behavior of the volcanic dust carried around the world after the great eruption of Krakatoa (6?S, 105?E) in 1883. krakatoa wind sophatmowm:Labbe A moderate to strong southwest wind in Provence (southeastern France), mild, humid, and very cloudy or rainy. On the coast it raises a rough sea. It is not frequent, occurring only in March. In the Swiss? French Alps it is locally termed labech, and is squally with thunder, hail, and brief torrential downpours; it comes mainly in autumn and winter. labbe sophatmowm:Laheimar Severe squalls during the change of seasons in October and November in Arabia. laheimar sophatmowm:LakeBreeze A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat. lake breeze sophatmowm:LandBreeze A coastal breeze blowing from land to sea, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land. Therefore, it usually blows by night and alternates with sea breeze, which blows in the opposite direction by day. See puelche, karif. land breeze sophatmowm:Leste Spanish nautical term for east wind. The name is given to a hot, dry, dusty easterly, or southeasterly wind that blows from the Atlantic coast of Morocco out to Madeira and the Canary Islands. It is a form of sirocco and occurs in front of depressions advancing eastward. Compare levanto. leste sophatmowm:Levante The Spanish and most widely used term for an east or northeast wind occurring along the coast and inland from southern France to the Straits of Gibraltar. It is moderate or fresh (not as strong as the gregale), mild, very humid, overcast, and rainy; it occurs with a depression over the western Mediterranean Sea. In summer it is rare and weak; in January it is inhibited by the Iberian anticyclone. It is most frequent from February to May and October to December. A levant (French spelling) with fine weather is a levant blanc; in the Roussillon region of southern France (where, as along the Catalonian coast of Spain, it is called llevant) it often brings floods in the mountain streams. The levanter of the Gibraltar Straits is a related phenomenon. Compare leste, lombarde, levantera. levante sophatmowm:Levantera A persistent east wind in the Adriatic, usually bringing cloudy weather. levantera sophatmowm:Leveche A hot, sand- and dust-laden wind from between southeast and southwest that blows in front of a depression on the southeast coast of Spain but extends only a few miles inland. leveche sophatmowm:Libeccio Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. libeccio sophatmowm:Liberator A name sometimes given the west wind through the Straits of Gibraltar. liberator sophatmowm:LineSquall A squall that occurs along a squall line. This term is now confined mostly to nautical usage. line squall sophatmowm:Lombarde An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. lombarde sophatmowm:LongShoreWind 1. A damp unpleasant wind that blows from the south in Madras (India). 2. A wind from the northeast at night in Sri Lanka. long shore wind sophatmowm:MackerelBreeze (Also called mackerel gale.) A wind that ruffles the water, favoring the catching of mackerel. mackerel breeze sophatmowm:MackerelGale Same as a mackerel breeze mackerel gale sophatmowm:Maestro A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. maestro sophatmowm:MajolaWind A wind, named after the Maloja Pass between the Engadine and Bergall, Switzerland, that blows down the valley of the Upper Engadine by day and either up or down by night. This deviation from the usual nature of mountain and valley winds is attributed to the fact that the stronger daytime valley wind from the south overtops the ridge and continues down the Engadine. majola wind sophatmowm:MalojaWind A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. maloja wind sophatmowm:Mamatele (Also called mamaliti, mamatili.) A light northwest wind of Sicily; a form of mistral. mamatele sophatmowm:Marin A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. marin sophatmowm:MatanuskaWind The local name, taken from the Matanuska River, for a strong, gusty, northeast wind that occasionally occurs during the winter in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska. matanuska wind sophatmowm:Matinal The morning wind, that is, an east wind. In the Morvan Mountains and the center of the Massif Central in France, the matinal often blows for several days, especially in summer, and brings fine weather. On winter mornings a northeast or east wind descends the western slopes of the Alps (where it is known as the matini?re) bringing cold and generally fine weather. Compare solaire. matinal sophatmowm:Meltem 1. (Also spelled melt?mi.) A strong wind from the northeast or east that often sets in suddenly and blows during the day in summer on the Bulgarian coast and in the Bosporus. 2. Same as monsoon. meltem sophatmowm:Mergozzo Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy. mergozzo sophatmowm:Mesojet A mesoscale wind maximum. It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of 100 km. Mesojets differ from planetary-scale jets, which can have length scales of several thousand kilometers, and synoptic-scale jets, which may have length scales of 1000? 2000 km and are commonly found in association with progressive synoptic-scale troughs and ridges. Larger mesojets may also sometimes be known as jet streaks. Mesojets can form adjacent to prominent orographic features in association with terrain-channeled flow. Mesojets are also seen in association with organized mesocale convective systems as typified by the evaporatively driven rear-inflow jet commonly found behind active squall lines lines. Mesojets may also be found in conjunction with prominent lower-tropospheric stable layers where the airflow can become decoupled from the planetary boundary layer, especially at night. An exceptionally well organized lower-tropospheric mesojet extending over hundreds of kilometers might be known as a low-level jet. mesojet sophatmowm:MesoscaleWind mesoscale wind sophatmowm:Miejour A warm, moist sea breeze from the south that sets in at midday in Provence, France, south of Mount Ventoux. In the Roussillon region the midday south wind (mitgjorn) is irregular and generally light, and is dry after crossing the Pyrenees. miejour sophatmowm:MoazagotlWind The strong wind blowing across a mountain crest, responsible for the formation of the Moazagotl cloud. moazagotl wind sophatmowm:Molan Breeze blowing from Arve toward Geneva in Switzerland. molan sophatmowm:MonsoonSurge The temporary extension of deep monsoon flow into a region not normally dominated by persistent monsoon flow. This temporary extension or surge may last from a few days to three weeks. These surges most commonly occur eastward across the Philippine Sea into the western North Pacific and east of Australia into the western South Pacific. The establishment of a reverse-oriented monsoon trough is accompanied by an eastward surge in the monsoon flow. Monsoon surges are often precursors to the development of tropical cyclones. monsoon surge sophatmowm:Morget The night land breeze on Lake Geneva, Switzerland. It blows from the north from 5-7 P.M. until 7-9 A.M. as a poweful breeze. In the late fall and winter it blows almost throughout the day. morget sophatmowm:MountainBreeze A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow. mountain breeze sophatmowm:MountainGapWind A local wind blowing through a gap between mountains, a gap wind. This term was introduced by R. S. Scorer (1952) for the surface winds blowing through the Strait of Gibraltar. When air stratification is stable, as it usually is in summer, the air tends to flow through the gap from high to low pressure, emerging as a ?jet? with large standing eddies in the lee of the gap. The excess of pressure on the upwind side is attributed to a pool of cold air held up by the mountains. Similar winds occur at other gaps in mountain ranges, such as the tehuantepecer and the jochwinde, and in long channels, such as the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Compare jet-effect wind, canyon wind, mountain wind. mountain gap wind sophatmowm:MountainPlainWind The diurnal cycle of local winds between a mountain or a mountain range and the adjacent or surrounding plains during periods of weak synoptic flow. mountain plain wind sophatmowm:MountainValleyWind The diurnal cycle of local winds in a mountain valley during clear or mostly clear periods of weak synoptic flow. mountain valley wind sophatmowm:MountainWind A nocturnal, thermally forced wind from the direction of the mountains, generated by cooling along the mountain slopes; a downvalley wind, or the nighttime downslope (katabatic) component of a mountain?plains wind system. mountain wind sophatmowm:N_aschi The Arabic name for a northeasterly wind that ocurrs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, especially near the entrance to the gulf and also on the Makran coast. n aschi sophatmowm:Narbonnais (Also spelled narbon?.) In France, a wind coming from Narbonne; a north wind in the Roussillon region of southern France resembling the tramontana. If associated with an influx of arctic air, it may be very stormy with heavy falls of rain or snow. It is especially violent in the region of Perpignan where it blows in a succession of squalls for several days. In Provence it is rarer and blows from the west. In lower Languedoc and the southern C?vennes, the narbonnais is an infrequent, mild, moist, moderate southwest wind in winter and early spring, sometimes bringing thunderstorms. narbonnais sophatmowm:NightWind Dry squalls that occur at night in southwest Africa and the Congo. It is likely that this term is loosely applied to other diurnal local winds such as mountain wind, land breeze, midnight wind, etc. night wind sophatmowm:Nortada A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines. nortada sophatmowm:Norte norte sophatmowm:NorthFoehn A northerly foehn wind blowing down the Italian side of the Alps. The northern slopes are normally cooler than the southern slopes, and the dynamic warming is often insufficient to overcome the difference of temperature. Hence a warm dry northerly wind of foehnlike character occurs less frequently than the south foehn. north foehn sophatmowm:Northeaster A northeast wind, particularly a strong wind or gale. northeaster sophatmowm:Norther A northerly wind; in general, a cold windstorm from the north. norther sophatmowm:Northwester (Often contracted nor'wester.) A northwesterly wind (as Canterbury northwester). northwester sophatmowm:OceanWind ocean wind sophatmowm:OffshoreWind Wind blowing from land to sea. During synoptic conditions of light winds, offshore winds near the surface often occur at night as a component of the land breeze. offshore wind sophatmowm:OnshoreWind A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns. onshore wind sophatmowm:OutflowJet Nocturnal cold-air jet flowing out of the mouth of a valley or canyon as it opens onto a plain. outflow jet sophatmowm:PlowWind Strong straight-line winds associated with nontornadic outflow from strong thunderstorms. plow wind sophatmowm:SeaBreeze A coastal local wind that blows from sea to land, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is colder than the adjacent land. sea breeze sophatmowm:Squall A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration of the order of minutes, and then a rather sudden decrease in speed. squall sophatmowm:ThunderstormOutflow The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. thunderstorm outflow sophatmowm:UpslopeWind A wind directed up a slope, often used to describe winds produced by processes larger in scale than the slope. upslope wind sophatmowm:ValleyWind A wind that ascends a mountain valley (upvalley wind) during the day; the daytime component of a mountain?valley wind system. valley wind sophatmowm:YellowWind A strong, cold, dry, west wind of eastern Asia, especially northern China, that sweeps across the plains in winter carrying a fine yellow dust from the deserts. yellow wind sophatmowm:Zephyr Any soft, gentle breeze. zephyr sophb:Assimilation assimilation sophb:BiologicalActivity biological activity sophb:BiologicalPhenomena biological phenomena sophb:Birth birth sophb:BirthDefect birth defect sophb:Breathing breathing sophb:Broncitis broncitis sophb:Cancer cancer sophb:CardiovascularDisease cardiovascular disease sophb:Chemosynthesis chemosynthesis sophb:Consumption consumption sophb:Death death sophb:Decomposition decomposition sophb:Denitrification denitrification sophb:Disease disease sophb:Epidemic In epidemiology, an epidemic is a classification of a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during a specified period of time is called the incidence rate). epidemic sophb:Excretion excretion sophb:Exposure exposure sophb:Feeding feeding sophb:Fertilization fertilization sophb:Foraging foraging sophb:Grazing grazing sophb:Health health sophb:Hearing hearing sophb:Inhalation inhalation sophb:Maintenance maintenance sophb:MetabolicPathway metabolic pathway sophb:Nursing nursing sophb:OcularMelanoma ocular melanoma sophb:Photosynthesis photosynthesis sophb:PlantStress plant stress sophb:Pollination Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete). The receptive part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms and a micropyle in gymnosperms. The study of pollination brings together many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. Pollination is important in horticulture because most plant fruits will not develop if the ovules are not fertilized. The pollination process as interaction between flower and vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christian Konrad Sprengel. pollination sophb:Respiration respiration sophb:Sense sense sophb:Spawning spawning sophb:Survival survival sophb:Transpiration transpiration sophb:Uptake uptake sophb:Vision vision sophb:VitalActivity vital activity sophb:Waste waste sophcr:Accumulation accumulation sophcr:Calving calving sophcr:Englacial Embedded in, carried by, or running through a glacier This class is deprecated in favor of the URI EnglacialProcess englacial true sophcr:EnglacialProcess englacial process 2020-04-09T10:12:52-08:00 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed. sophcr:Glacial glacial 2020-04-09T10:14:10-08:00 An environmental process which involves glaciers or ice sheets. sophcr:GlacialProcess glacial process 2020-04-09T10:15:23-08:00 An environmental process which involves glaciers or ice sheets. sophcr:Glaciation glaciation 2020-04-09T10:17:32-08:00 The process of glacier ice gain. sophcr:GlacierRetreat glacier retreat 2020-04-09T10:20:12-08:00 The process of glacier ice loss. sophcr:IceCalving ice calving sophcr:Periglacial periglacial 2020-04-09T10:24:28-08:00 A frost action process which occurs in cold environments which are not part of a glacier. The conditions, processes and landforms associated with cold, nonglacial environments. Subclass relation changed from Glacial Process to Physical Process because Periglacial involves frost action not associated with glacial processes sophcr:Periglaciation obsolete periglaciation true 2020-04-09T10:28:56-08:00 Processes associated with cold, nonglacial environments This is not a term found in any community thesaurus or dictionary i.e. GCMD, etc, or community of practice. Should be depricated in a future version of sweet. We consider it to be synonymous with glaciation in the ENVO crossreference sophcr:PhysicalProcess sophcr:Proglacial Of streams, deposits, and other features, being immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, and formed by or derived from glacier ice. proglacial sophcr:Subglacial Pertaining to the area in or at the bottom of, or immediately beneath, a glacier. subglacial sophcr:Supraglacial supraglacial sophcy:AnnualCycle annual cycle sophcy:AntarcticOscillation antarctic oscillation sophcy:ArcticOscillation arctic oscillation sophcy:BodyTide body tide sophcy:ChandlerWobble chandler wobble sophcy:DiurnalCycle diurnal cycle sophcy:ENSO enso sophcy:EarthOscillation earth oscillation sophcy:ElNinoSouthernOscillation A significant increase in sea surface temperature over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific that occurs at irregular intervals, generally ranging between two and seven years. el nino southern oscillation sophcy:GlobalCycle global cycle sophcy:IceAgeCycle ice age cycle sophcy:MaddenJulianOscillation madden julian oscillation sophcy:MilankovitchCycle milankovitch cycle sophcy:NAO nao sophcy:NorthAtlanticOscillation north atlantic oscillation sophcy:PDO pdo sophcy:PacificDecadalOscillation pacific decadal oscillation sophcy:PacificNorthAmericanPattern pacific north american pattern sophcy:PlanetaryOscillation planetary oscillation sophcy:PolarWander polar wander sophcy:PoleTide pole tide sophcy:QBO qbo sophcy:QuasiBiennialOscillation quasi biennial oscillation sophcy:SolarCycle solar cycle sophcy:SouthernOscillation southern oscillation sophcy:Tide tide sophcm:BiogeochemicalCycle biogeochemical cycle sophcm:CarbonCycle carbon cycle sophcm:HydrologicCycle hydrologic cycle sophcm:HydrologicalCycle hydrological cycle sophcm:MaterialCycle material cycle sophcm:NitrogenCycle nitrogen cycle sophcm:NutrientCycling nutrient cycling sophcm:OxygenCycle oxygen cycle sophcm:PhosphorusCycle phosphorus cycle sophcm:SulfurCycle sulfur cycle sophcm:WaterCycle water cycle sophec:Adaptation adaptation sophec:Bioaccumulation bioaccumulation sophec:Bioconcentration bioconcentration sophec:Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems. biodiversity sophec:Climax climax sophec:CommunityStructure community structure sophec:Competition competition sophec:DiurnalMovement diurnal movement sophec:Diversity diversity sophec:Dominance dominance sophec:EcologicalDynamics ecological dynamics sophec:EcologicalPhenomena ecological phenomena sophec:EcosystemHealth ecosystem health sophec:EcosystemService ecosystem service sophec:EndangeredSpecies endangered species sophec:Evolution evolution sophec:FoodChain food chain sophec:FoodWebDynamics food web dynamics sophec:Herbivory herbivory sophec:Migration migration sophec:Mutation mutation sophec:Mutualism mutualism sophec:NaturalSelection natural selection sophec:Overpopulation overpopulation sophec:Parasitism parasitism sophec:PopulationDynamics population dynamics sophec:Postbreeding postbreeding sophec:Predation predation sophec:PrimaryProduction primary production sophec:Scavenging scavenging sophec:SecondaryProduction secondary production sophec:Selection selection sophec:Speciation speciation sophec:SpeciesInteraction species interaction sophec:SpeciesRecruitment species recruitment sophec:Succession succession sophec:Symbiosis symbiosis sophec:TrophicDynamics trophic dynamics sophel:CurrentSheet current sheet sophel:ElectricDipole electric dipole sophel:ElectricField electric field sophel:GeomagneticField geomagnetic field sophel:Gyroresonance gyroresonance sophel:MagneticDipole magnetic dipole sophel:MagneticField magnetic field sophel:MagneticFieldPhenomena magnetic field phenomena sophel:MagneticMirror magnetic mirror sophen:ActiveSolarEnergy active solar energy sophen:BinaryCycle binary cycle sophen:Biopower biopower sophen:ConcentratingSolarPower concentrating solar power sophen:DirectUse direct use sophen:DrySteam dry steam sophen:Electricity electricity sophen:ElectricityProduction electricity production sophen:EnergyCollection energy collection sophen:EnergyConservation energy conservation sophen:EnergyConversionProcess energy conversion process sophen:EnergyForm sosoph:EnergyForm energy form sophen:EnergySource sosoph:EnergySource energy source sophen:FlashSteam flash steam sophen:Gasification gasification sophen:Geothermal geothermal sophen:GeothermalPowerProcess geothermal power process sophen:PassiveSolarEnergy passive solar energy sophen:Photovoltaics photovoltaics sophen:PowerSource power source sophen:RenewableEnergySource renewable energy source sophen:SolarEnergy solar energy sophen:SolarPower solar power sophen:SolarThermalPower solar thermal power sophen:ThermalCollection thermal collection sophen:WindEnergy wind energy sophei:AirPollution The presence of substances in the atmosphere, particularly those that do not occur naturally air pollution sophei:AirQuality air quality sophei:AlgalBloom algal bloom sophei:Aridification aridification sophei:Contamination contamination sophei:CoralBleaching coral bleaching sophei:DeadZone dead zone sophei:Deforestation deforestation sophei:Desertification desertification sophei:EnvironmentalImpact environmental impact sophei:Eutrophication eutrophication sophei:Extinction extinction sophei:HabitatConversion habitat conversion sophei:HabitatFragmentation Habitat fragmentation is a process of environmental change important in evolution and conservation biology. As the name implies, it describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat). Habitat fragmentation can be caused by geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment or by human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment on a much faster time scale. The former is suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation. The latter is causative in extinctions of many species. Habitat fragmentation is frequently caused by humans when native vegetation is cleared for human activities such as agriculture, rural development or urbanization. Habitats which were once continuous become divided into separate fragments. After intensive clearing, the separate fragments tend to be very small islands isolated from each other by crop land, pasture, pavement, or even barren land. The latter is often the result of slash and burn farming in tropical forests. The term habitat fragmentation can be considered to include six discrete processes: Reduction in the total area of the habitat, increase in the amount of edge, decrease in the amount of interior habitat, isolation of one habitat fragment from other areas of habitat, breaking up of one patch of habitat into several smaller patches, and Decrease in the average size of each patch of habitat. habitat fragmentation sophei:IndoorAirQuality indoor air quality sophei:InvasiveSpecies invasive species sophei:LandDegradation land degradation sophei:LandEnvironmentalImpact land environmental impact sophei:MassExtinctionEvent mass extinction event sophei:NoisePollution noise pollution sophei:NutrientLoading nutrient loading sophei:OceanAcidification ocean acidification sophei:OceanEnvironmentalImpact ocean environmental impact sophei:OilSpill oil spill sophei:OzoneDepletion ozone depletion sophei:OzoneHole ozone hole sophei:PhotochemicalAirPollution Type of air pollution, such as Los Angeles smog, associated with the buildup of oxidation products formed from the degradation of hydrocarbons, etc. photochemical air pollution sophei:Pollution pollution sophei:RangeChange range change sophei:SaltWaterIntrusion The movement of salt water into fresh water aquifers. salt water intrusion sophei:SeaLevelRise sea level rise sophei:SoilLoss soil loss sophei:SpeciesExtinction species extinction sophei:Spill spill sophei:Toxicity toxicity sophei:Upconing Process by which saline water underlying freshwater in an aquifer rises upward into the freshwater zone as a result of pumping water from the freshwater zone. upconing sophei:WaterPollution water pollution sophei:WaterQuality water quality sophfd:Anticyclone An atmospheric anticyclonic circulation, a closed circulation. The wind in an anticyclone is in the clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. anticyclone sophfd:BoundaryLayer boundary layer sophfd:Capillary capillary sophfd:CapillaryAction capillary action sophfd:Cell In radar usage, a local maximum in radar reflectivity that undergoes a life cycle of growth and decay. The rising portion of the reflectivity maximum is indicative of updraft, and the later descending portion is indicative of a precipitation downdraft. Cells in ordinary convective storms last from 20 to 30 min, but often form longer-lasting multicell convective storms. Cells in supercell storms are more steady and last considerably longer. See also thunderstorm cell. cell sophfd:CellCluster cell cluster sophfd:Circulation circulation sophfd:Cyclone cyclone sophfd:Depression depression sophfd:Eddy In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing water on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is most visible behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers. eddy sophfd:Flow flow sophfd:FluidPhenomena fluid phenomena sophfd:Gyre gyre sophfd:HighPressure high pressure sophfd:Jet jet sophfd:LaminarBoundaryLayer An interfacial region in which flow is smooth and nonturbulent. Above a surface, a laminar layer will develop and fluid velocity will increase with distance from the surface, but not indefinitely. At some point, flow will become turbulent, with the laminar sublayer separating the turbulent layer from the surface. In the real world, most laminar boundary layers are extremely thin (order of 1 mm), but can be of biological importance, for example, next to plant leaves or as invertebrate refuges in streams. laminar boundary layer sophfd:LaminarFlow (Also called sheet flow, streamline flow.) A flow regime in which fluid motion is smooth and orderly, and in which adjacent layers or laminas slip past each other with little mixing between them. Exchange of material across laminar layers occurs by molecular diffusion, a process about 106 times less effective than turbulence. Laminar flow can be easily predicted as velocity increases at a steady rate from a boundary. This contrasts with the chaotic and random nature of turbulent flow. Laminar flow is not a common occurrence in the statically neutral and unstable atmosphere and is confined to a very thin layer (1 mm) adjacent to very smooth surfaces such as snow and ice. However, in strongly statically stable regions such as the the nocturnal boundary layer, the Richardson number can be large enough that turbulence is suppressed, and the flow is laminar over a layer many tens of meters thick. laminar flow sophfd:LaminarSublayer A layer in which the fluid undergoes smooth, nonturbulent flow. It is found between any surface and a turbulent layer above. See laminar boundary layer, laminar flow. laminar sublayer sophfd:LowPressure low pressure sophfd:Overturning overturning sophfd:PointVortex A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow. point vortex sophfd:Recirculation recirculation sophfd:Ridge In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. ridge sophfd:StationaryEddy In studies of the general circulation, the eddies are the departures of a field from the zonal mean of that field; the stationary eddies are the time-averaged, or time-invariant, component of the eddy field. stationary eddy sophfd:Trough In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. trough sophfd:ViscousFlow viscous flow sophfd:Vortex More often the term refers to a flow with closed streamlines or to the idealized case in which all vorticity is concentrated in a vortex filament. vortex sophfi:AbsoluteInstability state of a layer of atmosphere when it has superadiabatic lapse rate of temperature absolute instability sophfi:ConditionalInstability The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. conditional instability sophfi:ConvectiveInstability An instability due to the buoyancy force of heavy fluid over light fluid overcoming the stabilizing influence of viscous forces. convective instability sophfi:FluidInstability fluid instability sophfi:FreeInstability The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. free instability sophfi:FrontalInversion A temperature inversion (temperature rising with height) in the atmosphere, encountered upon vertical ascent through a sloping front (or frontal zone). frontal inversion sophfi:Inversion In meteorology, a departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric quantity; also, the layer through which this departure occurs (the inversion layer), or the lowest altitude at which the departure is found (the base of the inversion). inversion sophfi:KelvinHelmholtzInstability An instability of the basic flow of an incompressible inviscid fluid in two parallel infinite streams of different velocities and densities. kelvin helmholtz instability sophfi:LargeReynoldsNumberFlow The behavior of a fluid with a Reynolds number typically greater than 1E4 to 1E6, which usually occurs within the atmosphere. The main property of such flows is a constant friction stress within the surface layer that depends only on relative roughness but not on the Reynolds number itself. Thus, molecular viscosity and qualities occurring in flow descriptions that are dependent on the Reynolds number may be totally ignored. large reynolds number flow sophfi:Lift lift sophfi:Lifting lifting sophfi:MechanicalTurbulence Turbulence produced by shear flow. mechanical turbulence sophfi:RayleighTaylorInstability rayleigh taylor instability sophfi:StaticStability The ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy. static stability sophfi:TearingMode tearing mode sophfi:Turbulence Irregular fluctuations occurring in fluid motions. turbulence sophfi:Wake The region of turbulence immediately to the rear of a solid body in motion relative to a fluid wake sophfi:ZombieTurbulence The turbulent perturbations of temperature remaining in a stable boundary layer after all turbulent motions have died out. zombie turbulence sophft:Advection The process of transport solely by the mass motion (velocity field); also, the rate of change of the value of the advected property at a given point. advection sophft:BolusAdvection bolus advection sophft:Buoyancy That property of an object that enables it to float on the surface of a liquid, or ascend through and remain freely suspended in a compressible fluid such as the atmosphere. buoyancy sophft:Coning coning sophft:Convection In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. convection sophft:ConvectivePlume A buoyant jet stream in which the buoyancy is supplied steadily from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. convective plume sophft:CounterGradientFlux counter gradient flux sophft:Deposition Phenomena by which traces gases or particles are transferred from atmosphere to a surface. deposition sophft:Fanning A pattern of smokestack plume dispersion in a statically stable atmosphere, in which the plume spreads out in the horizontal like an oriental fan and meanders about at a fixed height with little vertical spread. fanning sophft:HTAP htap sophft:HemisphericTransportOfAirPollutants hemispheric transport of air pollutants sophft:Lofting The phenomenon where the upper part of a smoke plume diffuses more rapidly upward than the bottom part diffuses downward. This generally occurs when the boundary layer near the ground is more stable than it is aloft. Compare coning, fanning, looping. lofting sophft:LongRangeTransport long range transport sophft:Plume Buoyant jet in which the buoyancy is supplied from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. 2. A mostly horizontal (sometimes initially vertical) stream of pollutant that is being blown downwind from a smokestack. plume sophft:Puff puff sophft:SlantWiseConvection A form of convection driven by a combination of gravitational and centrifugal forces. slant wise convection sophft:StackEffect An effect due to heat sources within a local exhaust enclosure (stack) producing convective air currents with vertical velocities proportional to the rate of heat transferred to the surrounding air and to the height of rise of the heated air. stack effect sophft:Surge surge sophft:Transport transport sophft:Uptake uptake sophft:VorticityAdvection Advection of vorticity by the total wind or force. vorticity advection sophft:WestEastTransport The eastward flux of mass, momentum, heat, moisture or any other property of a fluid by mean motion or by correlation with the eastward component of motion, that is, eddy flux. west east transport sophg:CompositeProcess composite process sophg:Differentiation differentiation sophg:Fluvial Fluvial is used in geography and earth science to refer to the processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them [Wikipedia] fluvial sophg:GeologicalPhenomena geological phenomena sophg:GeospherePhenomena geosphere phenomena sophg:Igneous One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. Igneous refers to the process whereby hot material from the mantle is squeezed upward toward the earth's surface. If it has not reached the surface then the material is described as an intrusive structure and the rocks it creates are called Intrusive Rock. If it extrudes from the surface the material is described as a volcano and the rock it creates is known as Extrusive Rock. [Wikipedia] igneous sophg:IntraplateProcess intraplate process sophg:Metamorphic One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When sedimentary (and/or) igneous layers are folded, bent or twisted by heat and pressure due to motions of tectonic plates or intrusions by magma, the rocky material is transformed into other rock called metamorphic rock. [Wikipedia] metamorphic sophg:Orogenesis orogenesis sophg:OrogenicCollapse The process in which mountains begin to collapse under their own weight and spread out laterally. orogenic collapse sophg:Orogeny Orogeny refers to natural mountain building, and may be studied as (a) a tectonic structural event, (b) as a geographical event, and (c) a chronological event. Orogenic events (a) cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, (b) affect certain regions of rocks and crust, and (c) happen within a specific period of time. [Wikipedia] orogeny sophg:Paleomagnetism paleomagnetism sophg:Pedogenesis pedogenesis sophg:RockCycle The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] rock cycle sophg:RockCycleProcess rock cycle process sophg:Sedimentary One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When wind or water deposit fine grained material on the surface, it creates sheets. Over thousands of years, the composition can change subtly or distinctly and the result is differing compositions of layered deposits. As the overlying layers compact the soil underneath the soil is converted to rock by the process of lithification. [Wikipedia] sedimentary sophg:StratigraphicSequence stratigraphic sequence sophg:Unconformity A substantial break or gap in the geologic record where a rock unit is overlain by another that is not next in stratigraphic sucession, such as an interruption in continuity of a depositional sequence of sedimentary rocks or a break between eroded igneous rocks and younger sedimentary strata. It results from a change that caused deposition to cease for a considerable time, and it normally implies uplift and erosion with loss of the previous formed record. unconformity sophg:WilsonCycle The Wilson cycle (a plate tectonics based rock cycle) was developed by J. Tuzo Wilson during the 1960s and 1970s. [Wikipedia] wilson cycle sophgf:Detachment A regional-scale low-angle normal fault. detachment sophgf:Dextral Right-lateral separation sense; in plan view, the side opposite the observer appears displaced to the right. dextral sophgf:DipSeparationSense A fault along which there is some separation parallel to the dip of the fault. dip separation sense sophgf:DipSlip The net slip of the fault lies in the dip direction of the fault dip slip sophgf:Extraction A fault whose two sides have approached each other substantially in the direction perpendicular to the fault. extraction sophgf:GenericDecollement A large-displacement (kilometers or tens of kilometers) shallowly dipping to subhorizontal fault or shear zone. generic decollement sophgf:Heave heave sophgf:Horizontal The fault is horizontal horizontal sophgf:MixedExtraction An extraction fault with some displacement within the fault plane. mixed extraction sophgf:NoMovementSense The fault-parallel displacement is effectively zero, as in an extraction fault. no movement sense sophgf:Normal The hanging wall appears to have moved down relative to the footwall; dip of fault usually 45-90 degrees. normal sophgf:ObliqueSlip The net slip of the fault lies between the strike and dip directions of the fault; the slip vector rakes between 10 and 80 degrees in the plane of the fault. oblique slip sophgf:PureExtraction An extraction fault with no discernible displacement within the fault plane. pure extraction sophgf:Reverse The hanging wall appears to have moved down relative to the footwall; dip of fault usually greater than 45 degrees. reverse sophgf:Scissor A fault on which there is increasing offset or separation along the strike from an initial point of no offset, with reverse offset in the opposite direction. scissor sophgf:Sense sense sophgf:Sinistral Left-lateral separation sense; in plan view, the side opposite the observer appears displaced to the right. sinistral sophgf:Slip slip sophgf:StrikeSeparationSense A fault along which there is some separation parallel to the strike of the fault. strike separation sense sophgf:StrikeSlip The net slip of the fault (slip vector) is parallel to the strike of the fault. strike slip sophgf:Throw throw sophgf:Thrust Reverse fault with dip typically less than 45 degrees; horizontal compression, rather than vertical displacement is characteristic. thrust sophgf:ThrustDecollement A regional-scale low-angle thrust fault. thrust decollement sophgf:Transcurrent A large scale strike-slip fault in which the fault surface is steeply inclined. transcurrent sophgf:Transform A variety of strike-slip fault along which the displacement suddenly stops or changes form; typically associated with mid-ocean ridges. transform sophgf:Transpressional A fault along which strike-slip deformation is accompanied by a component of shortening transverse to the fault. transpressional sophgf:Transtensional A fault along which strike-slip deformation is accompanied by a component of extension transverse to the fault. transtensional sophgf:Wrench A strike slip fault in which the faut plane is more or less vertical. wrench sophgg:Abrasion abrasion sophgg:Avalanche A mass of snow, ice or rocks moving rapidly down a steep mountain slope. Avalanches may be characterized as loose and turbulent, or slab; either type may be dry or wet according to the nature of the snow forming it, although dry snow usually forms loose avalanches and wet snow forms slabs. A large avalanche sweeps a current of air along with and in front of it as an avalanche wind, which supplements its already tremendous destructive force. avalanche sophgg:Compaction Compaction, part of the process of lithification involving mechanical dewatering of a sediment by progressive loading under several km of geomaterial [Wikipedia] compaction sophgg:Creep creep sophgg:Denundation denundation sophgg:Diagenesis In geology and oceanography, diagenesis is any chemical, physical, or biological change undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering) and metamorphism. These changes happen at relatively low temperatures and pressures and result in changes to the rock's original mineralogy and texture. The boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism, which occurs under conditions of higher temperature and pressure, is gradational. After deposition, sediments are compacted as they are buried beneath successive layers of sediment and cemented by minerals that precipitate from solution. Grains of sediment, rock fragments and fossils can be replaced by other minerals during diagenesis. Porosity usually decreases during diagenesis, except in rare cases such as dissolution of minerals and dolomitization. diagenesis sophgg:Exfoliation exfoliation sophgg:Haloclasty haloclasty sophgg:Karst Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] karst sophgg:Landslide A landslide (or landslip) is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep solidure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. [Wikpedia] landslide sophgg:MassWasting mass wasting sophgg:MaterialDisplacement material displacement sophgg:Mudslide mudslide sophgg:Reptation reptation sophgg:RockSlopeFailure rock slope failure sophgg:Saltation saltation sophgg:SedimentFormation sediment formation sophgg:Sedimentation The process of depositing material by water, wind, or glaciers. sedimentation sophgg:Slide slide sophgg:Slump slump sophgg:Solifluction solifluction sophgg:Subsidence Subsidence is the motion of a surface (usually, the Earth's surface) as it shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. [Wikipedia] subsidence sophgg:Weathering Weathering is the decomposition of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere. Weathering occurs in situ, or with no movement, and thus should not to be confused with erosion, which involves the movement and disintegration of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, wind and gravity. weathering sophgs:Aftershock aftershock sophgs:DeepFocusEarthquake deep focus earthquake sophgs:Earthquake Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along a fault. [Wikipedia] earthquake sophgs:Foreshock foreshock sophgs:LoveWave A type of seismic surface wave having a horizontal motion that is shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. Its velocity depends only on density and rigidity modulus, and not on bulk modulus. It is named after A. E. H. Love, the English mathematician who discovered it. love wave sophgs:Lwave lwave sophgs:MegathrustEarthquake megathrust earthquake sophgs:PWave P waves are longitudinal or compressional waves, which means that the ground is alternately compressed and dilated in the direction of propagation. In solids these waves generally travel slightly less than twice as fast as S waves and can travel through any type of material. In air, these pressure waves take the form of sound waves, hence they travel at the speed of sound. Typical speeds are 330 m/s in air, 1450 m/s in water and about 5000 m/s in granite. P waves are sometimes called primary waves. When generated by an earthquake they are less destructive than the S waves and surface waves that follow them, due to their lesser amplitudes. p wave sophgs:PrimaryWave primary wave sophgs:SWave S waves are transverse or shear waves, which means that the ground is displaced perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. In the case of horizontally polarized S waves, the ground moves alternately to one side and then the other. S waves can travel only through solids, as fluids (liquids and gases) do not support shear stresses. Their speed is about 60% of that of P waves in a given material. S waves are sometimes called secondary waves, and are several times larger in amplitude than P waves for earthquake sources. s wave sophgs:SecondaryWave secondary wave sophgs:SeismicBodyWave Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the lithosphere. Two kinds of body waves exist: P-waves and S-waves. seismic body wave sophgs:SeismicPhenomena seismic phenomena sophgs:SeismicSurfaceWave Surface waves are analogous to water waves and travel just under the Earth's surface. They travel more slowly than body waves. Because of their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude, they can be the most destructive type of seismic wave. There are two types of surface waves: Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Theoretically, surface waves can be understood as systems of interacting P and/or S waves. seismic surface wave sophgs:SeismicWave Seismic waves are phenomena that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body. [Wikipedia] seismic wave sophgs:ShallowFocusEarthquake shallow focus earthquake sophgs:Tremor Low amplitude, continuous earthquake activity often associated with magma movement. tremor sophgt:AsymmetricHeatFlow Asymmetric heat flow in geology is an observation that the heat from upwelling mantle does not spread symmetrically away from the hot spot or rift due to differences in crust composition. asymmetric heat flow sophgt:CompositeProcess composite process sophgt:ContinenetalDrift Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other. [Wikipedia] continenetal drift sophgt:ContinentalBreakup continental breakup sophgt:ContinentalCollision continental collision sophgt:Creep creep sophgt:ExtensionEvent An extension event occurs when a seismic event causes an extension in the crust. [Wikipedia] extension event sophgt:IsostaticAdjustment isostatic adjustment sophgt:IsostaticRebound Post-glacial rebound (sometimes called continental rebound, isostatic rebound, isostatic adjustment or post-ice-age isostatic recovery) is the rise of land masses that were depressed by the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, through a process known as isostatic depression. [Wikipedia] isostatic rebound sophgt:PlateConvergence Plate convergence is the phenomena of two plates moving toward one another. [Wikipedia] plate convergence sophgt:PlateDivergence Plate divergence is the phenomena of plates drifting apart [Wikipedia] plate divergence sophgt:Spreading A spreading event occurs whenever plates drift apart (Plate Divergence). [Wikipedia] spreading sophgt:Subduction subduction sophgt:TectonicAssemblage A tectonic ssemblage is a geological term for an accreted terrane of heterogeneous rocks. [Wikipedia] tectonic assemblage sophgt:TectonicForce The tectonic force is the force created by one tectonic plate pushing against another due to upwellings of the mantle, [Wikipedia] tectonic force sophgt:TectonicPhenomena The tectonic phenomena is the observable motions of the tectonic plates in the Earth's Lithosphere. [Wikipedia] tectonic phenomena sophgt:TectonicProcess tectonic process sophgt:TectonicUplift tectonic uplift sophgt:Terrane A terrane in geology is a fragment of crustal material formed on, or broken off from, one tectonic plate and accreted — ‘sutured’ — to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia] terrane sophgt:TransformFaulting transform faulting sophgv:EruptionCloud The column of gases, ash, and larger rock fragments rising from a crater or other vent. If it is of sufficient volume and velocity, this gaseous column may reach many miles into the stratosphere, where high winds will carry it long distances. eruption cloud sophgv:FlankEruption An eruption from the side of a volcano (in contrast to a summit eruption.) flank eruption sophgv:LavaOfTephra Tephra is air-fall material (of any size) produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition or fragment size. [Wikipedia] lava of tephra sophgv:MagmaMotion magma motion sophgv:Magmatic Eruption Type 1 - produce juvenile clasts during explosive decompression from gas release. [Wikipedia] magmatic sophgv:MantlePlume A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle. As the heads of mantle plumes can partly melt when they reach shallow depths, they are thought to be the cause of volcanic centers known as hotspots and probably also to have caused flood basalts. [Wikipedia] mantle plume sophgv:MantleThermalPlume mantle thermal plume sophgv:NueeArdenteEruption nuee ardente eruption sophgv:PeleeanEruption In a Peléan eruption or nuée ardente (glowing cloud) eruptions a large amount of gas, dust, ash, and lava fragments are blown out of a central crater, fall back, and form avalanches that move downslope at speeds as great as 160 km per hour. These eruptions are usually associated with silicic magmas. A name for some pyroclastic flows is nuée ardente (French for ‘glowing cloud’); this was first used to describe the disastrous 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée on Martinique.[3] These pyroclastic flows glowed red in the dark. [Wikipedia] peleean eruption sophgv:PhreaticEruption Phreatic eruption is an explosion that follows the transformation of groundwater into steam. No incandescent or juvenile material is erupted. phreatic eruption sophgv:PhreatomagmaticEruption Eruption Type 2 - Ejection of entrained particles during steam eruptions. [Wikipedia] phreatomagmatic eruption sophgv:PlinianEruption Plinian eruptions are characterized by paroxysmal ejection of large volume of ash and pumice as a well-defined eruption column or ‘jet;’ often precedes caldera collapse. The resulting tephra fallout covers an area of more than 500 square kilometers. plinian eruption sophgv:SteamBlastEruption A series of hundreds of steam explosions preceding an eruption of the volcano A less intense geothermal event may result in a mud volcano. In 1949, Thomas Jaggar described this kind of activity as steam-blast eruptions. [Wikipedia] steam blast eruption sophgv:StrombolianEruption Strombolian Eruptions are characterised by huge clots of molten lava bursting from the summit crater to form luminous arcs through the sky. Collecting on the flanks of the cone, lava clots combine to stream down the slopes in molten rivulets. The explosions are driven by bursts of gas slugs that rise faster than surrounding magma strombolian eruption sophgv:SummitEruption summit eruption sophgv:Surge A ring-shaped cloud of gas and suspended solid debris that moves radially outward at high velocity as a density flow from the base of a vertical eruption column accompanying a volcanic eruption or crater formation. surge sophgv:VolcanicActivity A geophysical phenomena involving the extrusion of rock that tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia] volcanic activity sophgv:VolcanicEruption Moderate to violent ejection of solid or very viscous hot fragments of new lava in short-lived, cannon-like bursts. Ash and fine ash are emitted with gases and ascend to form a cauliflower-like eruption cloud. volcanic eruption sophgv:VolcanicPhenomena volcanic phenomena sophgv:VolcanicPlume An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia] volcanic plume sophgv:Volcanism volcanism sophgv:Vulcanism vulcanism sophhe:Airglow airglow sophhe:AtmosphericLightEmission atmospheric light emission sophhe:Aurora The sporadic radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over the middle and high latitudes. aurora sophhe:AuroralSubstorm auroral substorm sophhe:BowShock The bow shock is a discontinuity that forms in the solar wind when the supersonic solar wind encounters the magnetic field of a planet, very similar to the shock wave that forms upstream of an aircraft moving at a supersonic speed. bow shock sophhe:BowShockCrossing bow shock crossing sophhe:GeomagneticStorm A geomagnetic storm is a temporary disturbance of the Earths magnetosphere caused by a disturbance in space weather. Associated with solar coronal mass ejections (CME), coronal holes, or solar flares, a geomagnetic storm is caused by a solar wind shock wave which typically strikes the Earths magnetic field 24 to 36 hours after the event. This only happens if the shock wave travels in a direction toward Earth. The solar wind pressure on the magnetosphere will increase or decrease depending on the Sun's activity. These solar wind pressure changes modify the electric currents in the ionosphere. geomagnetic storm sophhe:Geomagnetism geomagnetism sophhe:Heliosheath heliosheath sophhe:HeliosphericPhenomena heliospheric phenomena sophhe:InterplanetaryPhenomena interplanetary phenomena sophhe:InterplanetaryShock interplanetary shock sophhe:MagneticStorm magnetic storm sophhe:MagneticSubstorm magnetic substorm sophhe:MagnetopauseCrossing magnetopause crossing sophhe:Magnetosheath magnetosheath sophhe:Magnetotail magnetotail sophhe:ProtonPrecipitation proton precipitation sophhe:SchumannResonance schumann resonance sophhe:SolarParticleEvent solar particle event sophhe:SolarWind The solar wind is a stream of charged particles (i.e., a plasma) which are ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun. It consists mostly of high-energy electrons and protons (about 1 keV) that are able to escape the sun's gravity in part because of the high temperature of the corona and the high kinetic energy particles gain through a process that is not well understood at this time. solar wind sophhe:SolarWindExtreme solar wind extreme sophhe:SpaceWeather Space weather is the concept of changing environmental conditions in outer space. It is distinct from the concept of weather within a planetary atmosphere, and generally deals with the interactions of ambient radiation and matter within interplanetary, and occasionally interstellar space. Space weather describes the conditions in space that affect Earth and its technological systems. Our space weather is a consequence of the behavior of the sun, the nature of Earth's magnetic field, and our location in the solar system. space weather sophhe:Substorm substorm sophhe:SunEarthInteraction sun earth interaction sophhe:TelluricCurrent telluric current sophhy:BaseFlow base flow sophhy:Debouche debouche sophhy:DeepPercolation deep percolation sophhy:Discharge discharge sophhy:Drain drain sophhy:Drainage drainage sophhy:FlashFlood flash flood sophhy:Flood flood sophhy:GroundwaterStorage groundwater storage sophhy:HydrospherePhenomena hydrosphere phenomena sophhy:HydrothermalAlteration hydrothermal alteration sophhy:Infiltration infiltration sophhy:Intrusion intrusion sophhy:LandWaterCirculation land water circulation sophhy:OpenChannelFlow Flow of a fluid with its surface exposed to the atmosphere. open channel flow sophhy:Outflow outflow sophhy:OverlandFlow overland flow sophhy:Percolate percolate sophhy:Percolation Percolation concerns the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. percolation sophhy:RadionucleiRetardation The process or processes that cause the time required for a given radionuclide to move between two locations to be greater than the groundwater travel time, because of physical and chemical interactions between the radionuclide and the geohydrologic unit through which the radionuclide travels. radionuclei retardation sophhy:Recharge recharge sophhy:Runoff Runoff is a term used to describe the flow of water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, over the land surface, and is a major component of the water cycle. Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a channel is also called a nonpoint source. If a nonpoint source contains man-made contaminants, the runoff is called nonpoint source pollution. A land area which produces runoff draining to a common point is called a watershed. When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants such as petroleum, pesticides (in particular herbicides and insecticides), or fertilizers that become discharge or nonpoint source pollution. runoff sophhy:SnowCover snow cover sophhy:Snowslide snowslide sophhy:StreamDischarge stream discharge sophhy:Streamflow Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one component of the runoff of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff. Water flowing in channels comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillslopes, from groundwater flow out of the ground, and from water discharged from pipes. The discharge of water flowing in a channel is measured using stream gauges or can be estimated by the Manning equation. The record of flow over time is called a hydrograph. Flooding occurs when the volume of water exceeds the capacity of the channel. streamflow sophhy:Torrent torrent sophhy:WaterFlow water flow sophm:Aeration Aeration (also called aerification) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance. [Wikipedia] aeration sophm:Bioturbation Bioturbation is the displacement and mixing of sediment particles by benthic fauna (animals) or flora (plants). The mediators of bioturbation are typically annelid worms (e.g. polychaetes, oligochaetes), bivalves (e.g. mussels, clams), gastropods, holothurians, or any other infaunal or epifaunal organisms. Faunal activities, such as burrowing, ingestion and defecation of sediment grains, construction and maintenance of galleries, and infilling of abandoned dwellings, displace sediment grains and mix the sediment matrix. In soil science, bioturbation is the physical rearrangement of the soil profile by soil life. bioturbation sophm:Cryoturbation Cryoturbation (frost churning) refers to the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil right down to the parent rock due to freezing and thawing. Cryoturbation occurs to varying degrees in most Gelisols (permafrost soils). The cause of crytoturbation lies in the way in which the repeated freezing of the soil during autumn causes the formation of ice wedges at the most easily erodible parts of the parent rock. If the parent rock is hard, this can cause quite deep erosion of the rock over many years. As this process continues, during the summer when an active layer forms in the soil this eroded material can easily move both from the soil surface downward and from the permafrost table upward. As this process occurs, the upper soil material gradually dries out (because the soil moisture moves from the warm surface layer to the colder layer at the phen of the permafrost) so that it forms a granular structure with many very distinctive crystalline shapes (such as ice lenses). Separation of coarse from fine soil materials produces distinctive patterned ground with different types of soil. cryoturbation sophm:Diffuse diffuse sophm:Diffusion diffusion sophm:EddyDiffusion eddy diffusion sophm:Entrainment entrainment sophm:FickianDiffusion fickian diffusion sophm:Mix mix sophm:Mixing mixing sophm:Separation separation sophm:Settling settling sophm:TurbulentDiffusion Diffusion or dispersion due to the effects of turbulent motions. turbulent diffusion sopho:OceanPhenomena ocean phenomena sophoc:Attrition attrition sophoc:Backwash backwash sophoc:BeachDepletion beach depletion sophoc:Breaker breaker sophoc:BreakingWave breaking wave sophoc:CoastalPhenomena coastal phenomena sophoc:LittoralDrift littoral drift sophoc:LongshoreDrift longshore drift sophoc:OceanTide The periodic rising and falling of the earth's oceans and atmosphere. It results from the tide-producing forces of the moon and sun acting upon the rotating earth. This disturbance actually propagates as a wave through the atmosphere and along the surface of the waters of the earth. Atmospheric tides are always so designated, whereas the term “tide“ alone commonly implies the oceanic variety. Sometimes, the consequent horizontal movement of water along the coastlines is also called “tide,” but it is preferable to designate the latter as tidal current, reserving the name tide for the vertical wavelike movement. ocean tide sophoc:PlungingBreaker plunging breaker sophoc:SpillingBreaker spilling breaker sophoc:StormSurge storm surge sophoc:SurfBeat surf beat sophoc:SurgingBreaker surging breaker sophoc:Swell Surface gravity waves on the ocean that are not growing or being sustained any longer by the wind. swell sophod:BoundaryCurrent boundary current sophod:CircumpolarCurrent circumpolar current sophod:ColdCoreCell cold core cell sophod:Downwelling downwelling sophod:EasternBoundaryCurrent eastern boundary current sophod:LangmuirCirculation Roll circulations approximately aligned with the surface stress vector that frequently occur in the upper boundary layer of oceans or lakes. Although similar in form to atmospheric longitudinal roll vortices, Langmuir circulations are thought to be driven by nonlinear interactions between the surface gravity wave field and the larger-scale turbulent motions within the mixed layer. They are sometimes called windrows because they form lines of surface debris or bubbles in their surface convergence zones. Their spatial scale is related to the depth of the mixed layer and their characteristic velocity is on the order of 8u*, where u* is the friction velocity in water. As a result of this scaling, Langmuir circulations generally require surface winds of at least 8 m s-1 in order to form. See coherent structures, longitudinal rolls. langmuir circulation sophod:LittoralCurrent littoral current sophod:LongshoreCurrent (Also called littoral current.) The resultant current produced by waves being deflected at an angle by the shore. In this case the current runs roughly parallel to the shoreline. The longshore current is capable of carrying a certain amount of material as long as its velocity remains fairly constant; however, any obstruction, such as a submarine rock ridge or a land point cutting across the path of the current, will cause loss of velocity and consequent loss of carrying power. longshore current sophod:LoopCurrent loop current sophod:MesoscaleEddy In oceanography, densely packed, irregularly oval- shaped high and low pressure centers roughly 400 km (240 miles) in diameter in which current intensities are typically tenfold greater than the local means. mesoscale eddy sophod:ModeEddy mode eddy sophod:OceanCirculation ocean circulation sophod:OceanConveyorBelt The global recirculation of water masses that determines today's climate. ocean conveyor belt sophod:OceanCurrent ocean current sophod:OceanGyre ocean gyre sophod:OceanMixing Any process or series of processes by which parcels of ocean water with different properties are brought into intimate small-scale contact, so that molecular diffusion erases the differences between them. ocean mixing sophod:SecondaryCirculation secondary circulation sophod:ThermohalineCirculation thermohaline circulation sophod:TidalCurrent tidal current sophod:TidalWave tidal wave sophod:Tsunami Waves generated by seismic activity. tsunami sophod:TurbidityCurrent turbidity current sophod:Upwelling An ascending motion of subsurface water by which water from deeper layers is brought into the surface layer and is removed from the area of upwelling by divergent horizontal flow. upwelling sophod:WarmCoreCell warm core cell sophod:WesternBoundaryCurrent western boundary current sophod:WesternIntensification western intensification sophod:WindDrivenCirculation wind driven circulation sophpc:Climate climate sophpc:ClimateAnomaly climate anomaly sophpc:ClimateAverage climate average sophpc:ClimateChange climate change sophpc:ClimatePhenomena climate phenomena sophpc:ClimaticAnomaly climatic anomaly sophpc:ClimaticAverage climatic average sophpc:ClimatologicalAverage climatological average sophpc:Drought drought sophpc:GlobalChange global change sophpc:GlobalClimate global climate sophpc:GlobalWarming global warming sophpc:GreenhouseEffect greenhouse effect sophpc:HeatIsland heat island sophpc:LocalClimate local climate sophpc:Mesoclimate The climate of a natural region of small extent, for example, valley, forest, plantation, and park. Because of subtle differences in elevation and exposure, the climate may not be representative of the general climate of the region. mesoclimate sophpc:Microclimate microclimate sophpc:MoistureClimate moisture climate sophpc:NuclearWinter nuclear winter sophpc:Paleoclimate Climate for periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available. paleoclimate sophpc:RegionalClimate regional climate sophpc:ThermalClimate thermal climate sophr:Activation activation sophr:BiochemicalRelease biochemical release sophr:Emission emission sophr:Eruption eruption sophr:Explosion explosion sophr:Fire fire sophr:Flare flare sophr:Flaring flaring sophr:FluidLeak fluid leak sophr:GasFlare gas flare sophr:GasLeak gas leak sophr:IndustrialEmission industrial emission sophr:Leach leach sophr:Leak leak sophr:RadioactivityRelease radioactivity release sophr:Release release sophr:Wildfire wildfire sophso:Ablation all processes that remove material from an object, such as a glacier ablation sophso:Accretion accretion sophso:Bend bend sophso:BergeronFindeisenProcess A theoretical explanation of the process by which precipitation particles may form within a mixed cloud (composed of both ice crystals and liquid water drops). bergeron findeisen process sophso:Break break sophso:Buckle buckle sophso:Cataclasis cataclasis sophso:Cementation cementation sophso:Cleavage cleavage sophso:Clump clump sophso:Clumping clumping sophso:Coalescence coalescence sophso:Comminution comminution sophso:Compaction compaction sophso:Conchoidal The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. conchoidal sophso:Congelation congelation sophso:Consolidation consolidation sophso:Crack crack sophso:Deform deform sophso:Deformation deformation sophso:Diagenesis diagenesis sophso:Disintegrate disintegrate sophso:Disintegration disintegration sophso:Dislocation dislocation sophso:Distortion distortion sophso:Earthy a fracture that produces a texture similar to broken children's clay. It is found in minerals that are generally massive and loosely consolidated. earthy sophso:Elongate elongate sophso:Elongation elongation sophso:Erode Erosion is displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). erode sophso:Erosion erosion sophso:Extension extension sophso:Failure failure sophso:Fault In geology, a fault or fault line is a planar rock fracture, which shows evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation that is associated with the fault plane. fault sophso:FaultLine fault line sophso:Fissure fissure sophso:Fold The term fold is used in geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of plastic (i.e. permanent) deformation. fold sophso:Fracture fracture sophso:GrainSizeSorting grain size sorting sophso:Harden harden sophso:Jagged Jagged has sharp points or edges that catch on a finger that's rubbed across the surface. jagged sophso:Joint joint sophso:Metamorphism metamorphism sophso:Microfracture microfracture sophso:Pore pore sophso:PoreSpace pore space sophso:Ridging ridging sophso:Rip rip sophso:Rupture rupture sophso:Shatter shatter sophso:Shear shear sophso:Slip slip sophso:SolidPhenomena solid phenomena sophso:Solidification solidification sophso:Solidify solidify sophso:Spintery Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two. spintery sophso:Strain strain sophso:Stretch stretch sophso:Subconchoidal Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. subconchoidal sophso:Subside subside sophso:Subsidence subsidence sophso:Thinning thinning sophso:Wasting wasting sophst:Asteroseismology asteroseismology sophst:CME cme sophst:CoronalDimming coronal dimming sophst:CoronalHole coronal hole sophst:CoronalJet coronal jet sophst:CoronalLoop coronal loop sophst:CoronalMassEjection A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejection of material from the solar corona, usually observed with a white-light coronagraph. The ejected material is a plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and iron), plus the entrained coronal magnetic field. coronal mass ejection sophst:CoronalPhenomena coronal phenomena sophst:CoronalRain coronal rain sophst:FMode f mode sophst:Filament If a solar prominence occurs on the disc of the sun it appears darker than its background (due to the lower temperature of the plasma). These are referred to as solar filaments. filament sophst:Flare A flare is a violent explosion in the atmosphere of a star. Flares take place in the corona and chromosphere, heating plasma to tens of millions of kelvins and accelerating electrons, protons and heavier ions to near the speed of light. They produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays Most flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields emerge from the surface into the corona. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. flare sophst:GMode g mode sophst:Granulation granulation sophst:Granule Granules on the photosphere are caused by convection currents (thermal columns, Bénard cells) of plasma within the Sconvective zone. granule sophst:Helioseismology helioseismology sophst:PMode p mode sophst:Plage plage sophst:Prominence A solar prominence is a large bright feature extending outwards from the sun's surface, often in a loop configuration. Prominences are anchored to the solar surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the solar corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit much visible light, prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. A prominence forms over timescales of about a day, and stable prominences may persist in the corona for several months. Some prominences break apart and give rise to coronal mass ejections prominence sophst:SolarActivity solar activity sophst:SolarPhenomena solar phenomena sophst:Spicule spicule sophst:StellarFusion stellar fusion sophst:StellarPhenomena stellar phenomena sophst:StellarWind stellar wind sophst:Sunspot sunspot sophst:Supergranulation supergranulation sophst:TerminationShock termination shock sophsy:Accumulation accumulation sophsy:Change change sophsy:Collection collection sophsy:Comeback comeback sophsy:Conversion conversion sophsy:Decline decline sophsy:Decrease decrease sophsy:Demand demand sophsy:Deposit deposit sophsy:Destruction destruction sophsy:Displacement displacement sophsy:Disruption disruption sophsy:Disturbance disturbance sophsy:Drift drift sophsy:Drop drop sophsy:Exchange exchange sophsy:Extension extension sophsy:Fall fall sophsy:Flow flow sophsy:Growth growth sophsy:Halting halting sophsy:Increase increase sophsy:Interaction process that multiple substances are in contact and have some consequence interaction sophsy:Interruption interruption sophsy:Inundation inundation sophsy:Lag lag sophsy:Loss loss sophsy:Oscillation oscillation sophsy:Perturbation Any departure introduced into an assumed steady state of a system. The magnitude is often assumed to be small so that product terms in the dependent variables may be neglected. perturbation sophsy:Recycling recycling sophsy:Reduction reduction sophsy:Removal removal sophsy:Replenishment replenishment sophsy:Retreat retreat sophsy:Return return sophsy:Rise rise sophsy:Shift shift sophsy:Stress stress sophsy:System System is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole. system sophsy:SystemPhenomena system phenomena sophsy:SystemStateChange system state change sophsy:Trend trend sophsy:Vacillation Oscillation, usually of a small amplitude, about a reference state. vacillation sophsy:Variability variability sophsy:Variation variation sophsyc:Cascade cascade sophsyc:Collapse collapse sophsyc:Decay decay sophsyc:Decouple decouple sophsyc:Development development sophsyc:Dissipate dissipate sophsyc:Emergence emergence sophsyc:Emergent emergent sophsyc:EmergentPhenomenon emergent phenomenon sophsyc:ErrorPropagation error propagation sophsyc:Evolution evolution sophsyc:Feedback feedback sophsyc:Fluctuation fluctuation sophsyc:Maturation maturation sophsyc:NegativeFeedback negative feedback sophsyc:Pattern pattern sophsyc:PositiveFeedback positive feedback sophsyc:Recharge recharge sophsyc:Resilience resilience sophsyc:SelfRegulation self regulation sophsyc:Shock shock sophsyc:Signature signature sophsyc:Synergy synergy sophsyc:SystemDynamics System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system. What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling nonlinearity system dynamics sophsyc:Transformation transformation sophsyc:Transforming transforming sophw:Acoustic acoustic sophw:AcousticGravityWave A wave disturbance with restoring forces that include buoyancy and the elastic compressibility of the fluid medium. acoustic gravity wave sophw:AcousticWave acoustic wave sophw:Acoustics acoustics sophw:AlfvenWave alfven wave sophw:BodyWave body wave sophw:CapillaryWave capillary wave sophw:CompressionWave compression wave sophw:FluidWave fluid wave sophw:GravitationalWave gravitational wave sophw:GravityWave A wave disturbance in which buoyancy (or reduced gravity) acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium. gravity wave sophw:HelmholtzWave An unstable wave in a system of two homogeneous fluids with a velocity discontinuity at the interface. helmholtz wave sophw:InertiaWave 1. Any wave motion in which no form of energy other than kinetic energy is present. In this general sense, Helmholtz waves, barotropic disturbances, Rossby waves, etc., are inertia waves. 2. More restrictedly, a wave motion in which the source of kinetic energy of the disturbance is the rotation of the fluid about some given axis. In the atmosphere a westerly wind system is such a source, the inertia waves here being, in general, stable. A similar analysis has been applied to smaller vortices, such as the hurricane. See inertial instability inertia wave sophw:InertialWave inertial wave sophw:InternalGravityWave A wave that propagates in density-stratified fluid under the influence of buoyancy forces. internal gravity wave sophw:InternalWave internal wave sophw:KelvinHelmholtzWave A waveform disturbance that arises from Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. kelvin helmholtz wave sophw:KelvinWave A type of low-frequency gravity wave trapped to a vertical boundary, or the equator, which propagates anticlockwise (in the Northerm Hemisphere) around a basin. kelvin wave sophw:LongCrestedWave Ocean surface waves that are nearly two-dimensional, in that the crests appear very long in comparison with the wavelength, and the energy propagation is concentrated in a narrow band around the mean wave direction. long crested wave sophw:LongitudinalWave Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel. They include waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave. Mechanical longitudinal waves have been also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves longitudinal wave sophw:MagnetohydrodynamicWave magnetohydrodynamic wave sophw:PlanetaryWave planetary wave sophw:PlasmaWave plasma wave sophw:RayleighWave Rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel as ripples similar to those on the surface of water. The existence of these waves was predicted by John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, in 1885. They are slower than body waves, roughly 70% of the velocity of S waves, and have been asserted to be visible during an earthquake in an open space like a parking lot where the cars move up and down with the waves. Reports among seismologists suggest that the apparent motion may be due to distortion of the human eye during shaking. Anecdotally, placing people on shake tables causes the room to appear to ripple. In any case, waves of the reported amplitude, wavelength, and velocity of the visible waves have never been recorded instrumentally. rayleigh wave sophw:RossbyWave Rossby (or planetary) waves are large-scale motions in the ocean or atmosphere whose restoring force is the variation in Coriolis effect with latitude. The waves were first identified in the atmosphere in 1939 by Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby who went on to explain their motion. Rossby waves are a subset of inertial waves rossby wave sophw:Seiche A seiche is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on lakes, reservoirs, bays and seas. The key requirement for formation of a seiche is that the body of water be at least partially bounded, allowing natural phenomena to form a standing wave. seiche sophw:ShallowWaterWave An ocean wave with its length sufficiently large compared to the water depth (i.e., 25 or more times the depth) shallow water wave sophw:ShearWave shear wave sophw:ShockWave shock wave sophw:ShortWave With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave. short wave sophw:SolidWave solid wave sophw:Sound sound sophw:SoundWave sound wave sophw:StandingWave A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. standing wave sophw:SurfaceWave surface wave sophw:TopographicWave Waves with a restoring force arising from variations in depth. The stretching or compression of displaced columns of water generates anomalous vorticity tending to drive them back to their original position. topographic wave sophw:TransverseWave A transverse wave is a wave that causes vibration in the medium in a perpendicular direction to its own motion. For example: if a wave moves along the x-axis, its disturbances are in the yz-plane. In other words, it causes medium disturbances across the two-dimensional plane that it is travelling in. Contrary to popular belief, transversal waves do not necessarily move up and down. transverse wave sophw:TravelingWave traveling wave sophw:Wave wave sophw:WavePhenomena wave phenomena sophw:Whistler whistler sophwn:AmbientNoise ambient noise sophwn:Beat beat sophwn:Chorus chorus sophwn:Distortion distortion sophwn:Flicker flicker sophwn:Hiss hiss sophwn:Interference interference sophwn:Noise noise sophwn:PulseSpreading pulse spreading sophwn:Resonance resonance sophwn:Resonant resonant sophwn:Scintillation scintillation sophwn:SideLobe side lobe sophwn:Vibration vibration sophwn:WhiteNoise white noise soproc:Force force soproc:Interaction interaction soproc:Process process soprocc:Absorption absorption soprocc:Acidification Any process that decreases the pH value of a subtance. acidification soprocc:Adsorption Adsorption is the accumulation of atoms or molecules on the surface of a material. This process creates a film of the adsorbate (the molecules or atoms being accumulated) on the adsorbent's surface. [Wikipedia] adsorption soprocc:Bioluminescence bioluminescence soprocc:Bond bond soprocc:Burning burning soprocc:Calcification Any process that increases the calcium concentration of a subtance. calcification soprocc:Calcination calcination soprocc:ChargeExchange charge exchange soprocc:ChemicalProcess A chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. [Wikipedia] chemical process soprocc:ChemicalReaction chemical reaction soprocc:Combustion combustion soprocc:Corrosion corrosion soprocc:Crystallization Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. [Wikipedia] crystallization soprocc:Dehydration dehydration soprocc:Desalinization desalinization soprocc:Dilution dilution soprocc:Dissolution Dissolution or solvation is the process of dissolving a solid substance into a solvent to yield a solution. [Wikipedia] dissolution soprocc:Electrolysis Electrolysis is a method of using an electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. electrolysis soprocc:Enrichment enrichment soprocc:Fixation fixation soprocc:Fluorescence Fluorescence is a luminescence that is mostly found as an optical phenomenon in cold bodies, in which the molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of another photon with a longer wavelength. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons ends up as molecular vibrations or heat. Usually the absorbed photon is in the ultraviolet range, and the emitted light is in the visible range, but this depends on the absorbance curve and Stokes shift of the particular fluorophore. Fluorescence is named after the mineral fluorite, composed of calcium fluoride, which often exhibits this phenomenon. fluorescence soprocc:Hydration hydration soprocc:Hydrolysis Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen (H) and hydroxide anions (OH−) in the process of a chemical mechanism. hydrolysis soprocc:Leaching In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent). leaching soprocc:Luminescence luminescence soprocc:Neutralization In chemistry, neutralization is a chemical reaction (also called a water forming reaction since a water molecule is formed during the process) in which an acid and a base or alkali (soluble base) react to produce salt and water (H2O). During the process, hydrogen ions H+ (a bare proton) from the acid (proton donor) or a hydronium ion H3O+ and hydroxide ions OH_ or oxide ions O2_ from the base (proton acceptor) react together to form a water molecule H2O. [Wikipedia] neutralization soprocc:Nitrification nitrification soprocc:NuclearFusion nuclear fusion soprocc:Nucleation Nucleation is the extremely localized budding of a distinct thermodynamic phase. Some examples of phases that may form via nucleation in liquids are gaseous bubbles, crystals, or glassy regions. nucleation soprocc:Outgas outgas soprocc:Oxidation Reaction of a substance with oxygen or incorporation of oxygen into a molecule. oxidation soprocc:Phosphorescence Continues to glow after light source is removed phosphorescence soprocc:Photodecomposition photodecomposition soprocc:Photodissociation photodissociation soprocc:Photolysis Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule. [Wikipedia] photolysis soprocc:Reaction reaction soprocc:Recrystalization recrystalization soprocc:Reduction reduction soprocc:Solvation solvation soprocc:Sorption sorption soprocc:Thermoluminescence Glows when heated thermoluminescence soprocc:Titration Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. titration soprocc:Transmutation transmutation soprocc:Triboluminescence Glows when struck triboluminescence soprocp:Abrasion abrasion soprocp:Agitation agitation soprocp:Bombardment bombardment soprocp:Burning burning soprocp:CentrifugalForce centrifugal force soprocp:CentripetalForce centripetal force soprocp:Clogging clogging soprocp:Collision collision soprocp:Compression compression soprocp:Conduction Transport of energy (charge) solely as a consequence of random motions of individual molecules (ions, electrons) not moving together in coherent groups. conduction soprocp:Congealing congealing soprocp:Consolidation consolidation soprocp:Contracting contracting soprocp:Cooling cooling soprocp:CoriolisEffect coriolis effect soprocp:CoriolisForce coriolis force soprocp:Current current soprocp:Decompression decompression soprocp:Deflection deflection soprocp:DifferentialRotation differential rotation soprocp:Dynamo dynamo soprocp:ElectricCurrent electric current soprocp:ElectromagneticInduction electromagnetic induction soprocp:ElectromagneticProcess electromagnetic process soprocp:Expanding expanding soprocp:Expansion expansion soprocp:Falling falling soprocp:Flocculation flocculation soprocp:Flushing flushing soprocp:Friction friction soprocp:Funnelling funnelling soprocp:GravitationalForce gravitational force soprocp:Gravity gravity soprocp:GravityForce gravity force soprocp:GyroOrbit gyro orbit soprocp:Heating heating soprocp:Induction induction soprocp:Insulation insulation soprocp:IonizingRadiation ionizing radiation soprocp:Magnetism magnetism soprocp:Meandering meandering soprocp:Migration migration soprocp:Motion motion soprocp:NonIonizingRadiation non ionizing radiation soprocp:Nucleosynthesis nucleosynthesis soprocp:Orbit orbit soprocp:OrbitalMotion In hydrodynamics, the motion of a fluid particle induced by the passage of a progressive gravity wave. orbital motion soprocp:Orientation orientation soprocp:PhysicalProcess physical process soprocp:Precession precession soprocp:Pressure pressure soprocp:Quenching quenching soprocp:Radiation radiation soprocp:RadiativeTransfer radiative transfer soprocp:Rareification rareification soprocp:Revolution revolution soprocp:Rotation rotation soprocp:Sheltering sheltering soprocp:Shorten shorten soprocp:Shrink shrink soprocp:Sinking sinking soprocp:Smashing smashing soprocp:Sputtering sputtering soprocp:Tension tension soprocp:ThermalProcess thermal process soprocp:Translation translation soprocp:Trapping trapping soprocp:ViscousForce The transport of mass motion momentum solely by the random motions of individual molecules not moving together in coherent groups. viscous force soprocp:Washing washing soprocsc:Boiling boiling soprocsc:Condensation condensation soprocsc:Deionization deionization soprocsc:Deposition deposition soprocsc:Evaporation evaporation soprocsc:Freezing The phase transition of a substance passing from the liquid to the solid state; solidification; the opposite of fusion. freezing soprocsc:Gasification gasification soprocsc:Ionization Ionization is the physical process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by changing the difference between the number of protons and electrons. This process works slightly differently depending on whether an ion with a positive or a negative electric charge is being produced. A positive electric charge is produced when an electron bond to an atom or molecule absorbs enough energy from an external source to escape from the electric potential barrier that originally confined it, where the amount of energy required is called the Ionization potential. A negative electric charge is produced when a free electron collides with an atom and is subsequently caught inside the electric potential barrier, releasing any excess energy. ionization soprocsc:Liquiefaction liquiefaction soprocsc:Melting melting soprocsc:PhaseTransition phase transition soprocsc:Photoionization photoionization soprocsc:Refreezing refreezing soprocsc:StateChange change of state by state variable change state change soprocsc:Sublimation sublimation soprocsc:Thawing thawing soprocsc:Vaporization The physical process by which a liquid is transformed to the gaseous state; the opposite of condensation. vaporization soprocw:Absorption The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance. absorption soprocw:AcousticBackScattering Scattering of sound or ultrasound in the direction of the source. acoustic back scattering soprocw:Attenuation attenuation soprocw:Backscattering scattering of waves (photons) that reverse the direction of propagation backscattering soprocw:BraggDiffraction bragg diffraction soprocw:Damping damping soprocw:Diffraction diffraction soprocw:Dispersion dispersion soprocw:Dissipation dissipation soprocw:Echo In radar, a general term for the appearance, on a radar display, of the radio signal scattered or reflected from a target. The characteristics of a radar echo are determined by 1) the waveform, frequency, and power of the incident wave; 2) the range and velocity of the target with respect to the radar; and 3) the size, shape, and composition of the target. echo soprocw:ElectromagneticRadiation electromagnetic radiation soprocw:ElectromagneticWave electromagnetic wave soprocw:Emission emission soprocw:Excitation excitation soprocw:Extinction extinction soprocw:FraunhoferDiffraction fraunhofer diffraction soprocw:FresnelDiffraction fresnel diffraction soprocw:Interference interference soprocw:LineEmission line emission soprocw:LineOfSightPropagation Line-of-sight propagation refers to electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic waves travelling in a straight line. The rays or waves are deviated or reflected by obstructions and cannot travel over the horizon or behind obstacles. Beyond that, material disperses the rays respectively the energy of the waves. line of sight propagation soprocw:MediumWaveInteractionProcess medium wave interaction process soprocw:MieScattering scattering of waves (photons) that reverse the direction of propagation mie scattering soprocw:Polarization polarization soprocw:Propagation Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel through a medium (waveguide). With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves. Another useful parameter for describing the propagation is the wave velocity that mostly depends on some kind of density of the medium. For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in a material medium. propagation soprocw:RayleighScattering rayleigh scattering soprocw:Reflection reflection soprocw:Refraction A change of direction and possibly amplitude of an electromagnetic, acoustic, or any other wave propagating in a material medium, homogeneous on the scale of the wavelength, as a consequence of spatial variation in the properties of the medium. refraction soprocw:Scattering In a broad sense, the process by which matter is excited to radiate by an external source of electromagnetic radiation, as distinguished from emission of radiation by matter, which occurs even in the absence of such a source. scattering soprocw:SchaeferBergmannDiffraction schaefer bergmann diffraction soprocw:Transmission transmission soprocw:WaveDrag wave drag soprocw:WaveProcess wave process soprocw:WavePropagation wave propagation soprop:Accuracy accuracy soprop:AngularMotionProperty angular motion property soprop:BiologicalProperty biological property soprop:ChemicalProperty chemical property soprop:Distortion distortion soprop:Efficiency efficiency soprop:ElectromagneticProperty electromagnetic property soprop:ElectromagneticRadiationProperty electromagnetic radiation property soprop:Error error soprop:Fideltiy fideltiy soprop:FlowProperty flow property soprop:FluidProperty fluid property soprop:GeologicalProperty geological property soprop:HydrogeologicalProperty hydrogeological property soprop:Measure measure soprop:Metric metric soprop:MotionProperty motion property soprop:PhysicalProperty physical property soprop:Precision precision soprop:Property property soprop:RadiationMediumInteractionProperty radiation medium interaction property soprop:ReactionProperty reaction property soprop:Role role soprop:Sensitivity sensitivity soprop:StatisticalSummary statistical summary soprop:StockProperty stock property soprop:SystemProperty system property soprop:ThermodynamicProperty thermodynamic property soprop:WaveProperty wave property sopropb:BinaryProperty binary property sopropb:Free free sopropb:Polarity polarity sopropcap:Capacity capacity sopropcap:CoefficientOfHeatTransfer coefficient of heat transfer sopropcap:CoefficientOfThermalExpansion coefficient of thermal expansion sopropcap:HeatCapacity heat capacity sopropcap:LinearThermalExpansion linear thermal expansion sopropcap:MolarHeatCapacity molar heat capacity sopropcap:SpecificHeat specific heat sopropcap:SpecificHeatCapacity specific heat capacity sopropcap:ThermalExpansionCoefficient thermal expansion coefficient sopropcap:VolumetricHeatCapacity volumetric heat capacity sopropcap:VolumetricThermalExpansion volumetric thermal expansion sopropcat:CategoricalProperty categorical property sopropcat:Category category sopropcat:Characteristics characteristics sopropcat:Classification classification sopropcat:Community A community is a social group of organisms sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. community sopropcat:Description description sopropcat:Group group sopropcat:Industry industry sopropcat:Name name sopropcat:SIC sic sopropcat:StandardIndustrialClassification standard industrial classification sopropcat:Type type sopropcha:Capacitance capacitance sopropcha:CationExchangeCapacity cation exchange capacity sopropcha:Charge charge sopropcha:ChargeDistribution charge distribution sopropcha:DielectricConstant dielectric constant sopropcha:ElectricCharge electric charge sopropcha:ElectricChargeDensity electric charge density sopropcha:ElectricCurrent electric current sopropcha:ElectricCurrentDensity electric current density sopropcha:ElectricDipoleMoment electric dipole moment sopropcha:ElectricFieldStrength electric field strength sopropcha:ElectricFluxDensity electric flux density sopropcha:ElectricPotential electric potential sopropcha:ExchangeCapacity exchange capacity sopropcha:Inductance inductance sopropcha:MagnetiGradient magneti gradient sopropcha:MagneticDipoleMoment magnetic dipole moment sopropcha:MagneticFieldStrength magnetic field strength sopropcha:MagneticFlux magnetic flux sopropcha:MagneticFluxDensity magnetic flux density sopropcha:MagneticMoment magnetic moment sopropcha:Permeability permeability sopropcha:Permittivity permittivity sopropche:Abundance abundance sopropche:Acidity acidity sopropche:Alkalic alkalic sopropche:Alkaline alkaline sopropche:Alkalinity alkalinity sopropche:BOD bod sopropche:Basic basic sopropche:Basicity basicity sopropche:BedLoad bed load sopropche:BiochemicalOxygenDemand biochemical oxygen demand sopropche:BiologicalOxygenDemand biological oxygen demand sopropche:COD cod sopropche:CarbonateAlkalinity carbonate alkalinity sopropche:ChemicalOxygenDemand chemical oxygen demand sopropche:Composition composition soprop:Constituent sopropche:Constituent constituent sopropche:DissolvedLoad dissolved load sopropche:HplusConcentration hplus concentration sopropche:IonComposition ion composition sopropche:Load load sopropche:Moisture moisture sopropche:OxygenDemand oxygen demand sopropche:Purity purity sopropche:Reactivity reactivity sopropche:SAR sar sopropche:Salinity salinity sopropche:SaturationPoint saturation point sopropche:SaturationProperty saturation property sopropche:Sodicity sodicity sopropche:SodiumAdsorptionRatio sodium adsorption ratio sopropche:Solubility The total amount of solute species that will remain indefinitely in a solution maintained at constant temperature and pressure in contact with the solid crystals from which the solutes were derived. solubility sopropche:SuspendedLoad suspended load sopropche:SuspensionLoad suspension load sopropche:TotalAlkalinity total alkalinity sopropche:TotalDissolvedSolids total dissolved solids sopropche:TotalSuspendedSolids total suspended solids sopropche:WashLoad wash load sopropche:WaterConcentration water concentration sopropche:Zoomass zoomass sopropche:pH pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [Wikipedia] ph sopropcon:Conductance conductance sopropcon:Conductivity conductivity sopropcon:ElectricalConductivity electrical conductivity sopropcon:HallConductivity hall conductivity sopropcon:HydraulicConductivity hydraulic conductivity sopropcon:Impedance impedance sopropcon:PedersenConductivity pedersen conductivity sopropcon:Resistance resistance sopropcon:Resistivity resistivity sopropcon:SpecificConductance specific conductance sopropcon:ThermalConductivity thermal conductivity sopropcou:AtomicNeutralNumberDensity atomic neutral number density sopropcou:CarryingCapacity carrying capacity sopropcou:Count count sopropcou:EnergyLevel energy level sopropcou:Fluence fluence sopropcou:MolecularNeutralNumberDensity molecular neutral number density sopropcou:NeutralNumberDensity neutral number density sopropcou:NumberDensity number density sopropcou:Population population sopropcou:SunspotNumber sunspot number sopropcou:TotalElectronContent total electron content sopropdife:Amplitude Often the greatest magnitude at a given point of any spatially and temporally varying physical quantity governed by a wave equation; can also mean the spatial part of a time-harmonic wave function. amplitude sopropdife:Anomaly anomaly sopropdife:Bias bias sopropdife:Deviation deviation sopropdife:Difference difference sopropdife:SaturationDeficit The amount by which the water vapor in the air must be increased to achieve saturation without changing the environmental temperature and pressure. saturation deficit sopropdife:Tolerance tolerance sopropdife:Undulation undulation sopropdifu:Confluence The rate at which adjacent flow is converging along an axis oriented normal to the flow at the point in question. confluence sopropdifu:Diffluence The rate at which adjacent flow diverges along an axis oriented normal to the flow at the point in question; the opposite of confluence. diffluence sopropdifu:Diffusivity diffusivity sopropdifu:DiffusivityQuantity diffusivity quantity sopropdifu:EddyDiffusivity The exchange coefficient for the diffusion of a conservative property by eddies in a turbulent flow. eddy diffusivity sopropdifu:KinematicViscosity kinematic viscosity sopropdifu:MeridionalOvertuningStreamfunction meridional overtuning streamfunction sopropdifu:Streamfunction streamfunction sopropdifu:ThermalDiffusivity thermal diffusivity sopropdifu:Transmissivity transmissivity sopropdifu:VelocityPotential velocity potential sopropdr:BowenRatio bowen ratio sopropdr:ChiSquareValue chi square value sopropdr:DimensionlessRatio dimensionless ratio sopropdr:ReducedChiSquareValue reduced chi square value sopropdr:StatisticalScore statistical score sopropdr:ZScore z score sopropdr:tScore t score soprope:AvailablePotentialEnergy That portion of the total potential energy that may be converted to kinetic energy in an adiabatically enclosed system. available potential energy soprope:BindingEnergy binding energy soprope:ChemicalEnergy chemical energy soprope:ConvectiveInhibition The energy needed to lift an air parcel vertically and pseudoadiabatically from its originating level to its level of free convection (LFC). convective inhibition soprope:Energy energy soprope:EnergyBudget energy budget soprope:EnergyDensity Energy per unit area. energy density soprope:Enthalpy enthalpy soprope:Entropy entropy soprope:EvaporativeAvailablePotentialEnergy Analogous to convective available potential energy, except that it is related to the negative buoyancy associated with evaporative cooling of liquid water within a sinking cloudy air parcel. evaporative available potential energy soprope:Geopotential geopotential soprope:GibbsFreeEnergy gibbs free energy soprope:GravitationalPotential gravitational potential soprope:Hamiltonian hamiltonian soprope:Heat heat soprope:HeatBudget heat budget soprope:HeatEnergy heat energy soprope:InternalEnergy internal energy soprope:IonizationEnergy ionization energy soprope:IonizationPotential ionization potential soprope:KineticEnergy kinetic energy soprope:Lagrangian lagrangian soprope:LatentHeat latent heat soprope:Luminosity luminosity soprope:MatricPotential The energy required to extract water from a porous medium to overcome the capillary and adsorptive forces. matric potential soprope:PotentialEnergy potential energy soprope:Power power soprope:RadiantEnergy Infrequently, any energy propagated by a physical quantity governed by a wave equation. radiant energy soprope:SensibleHeat sensible heat soprope:SpecificEnergy specific energy soprope:SpecificPotentialEnergy specific potential energy soprope:ThermalEnergy thermal energy soprope:ThermochemicalEnergy thermochemical energy soprope:TotalSoilWaterPotential The sum of the energy-related components of a soil-water system; i.e., the sum of the gravitational, matric, and osmotic components. total soil water potential soprope:Work A form of energy arising from the motion of a system against a force, existing only in the process of energy conversion. work sopropef:AbsorbedSolarRadiation Solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere's constituent gases, suspended material, clouds, or by the earth's surface. absorbed solar radiation sopropef:AbsorptionCoefficient absorption coefficient sopropef:Brightness brightness sopropef:BulkHeatFlux >Heat flux averaged over a layer of air, such as the boundary layer; heat-flux divergence or difference between the top and bottom of a layer. bulk heat flux sopropef:CloudForcing cloud forcing sopropef:EarthquakeScale earthquake scale sopropef:EnergyFlux energy flux sopropef:EnergyFlux_Wm2 energy flux wm2 sopropef:FluxDensity flux density sopropef:HeatFlow heat flow sopropef:HeatFlux heat flux sopropef:Illuminance illuminance sopropef:Insolation insolation sopropef:Intensity intensity sopropef:Irradiance irradiance sopropef:Luminance luminance sopropef:LuminousFlux luminous flux sopropef:LuminousIntensity luminous intensity sopropef:Opacity The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. opacity sopropef:PoyntingVector poynting vector sopropef:Radiance A radiometric term for the rate at which radiant energy in a set of directions confined to a unit solid angle around a particular direction is transferred across unit area of a surface (real or imaginary) projected onto this direction. radiance sopropef:RadiantFlux Radiant energy per unit time passing some specified area from one side. radiant flux sopropef:RadiativeFlux radiative flux sopropef:RadiativeForcing In radiation, the net flux of radiation into or out of a system. As a consequence of radiative forcing there must be some change to the nonradiative energy states of the system. radiative forcing sopropef:RichterScale richter scale sopropef:SolarFlux solar flux sopropef:SolarForcing solar forcing sopropef:SolarRadiation The total electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. solar radiation sopropef:SpecificIntensity specific intensity sopropef:SpectralRadiance The radiance per unit wavelength or wavenumber interval. spectral radiance sopropef:TerrestrialRadiation Longwave radiation originating by thermal emission from a planetary surface and/or its atmosphere terrestrial radiation sopropef:ThermalFlux thermal flux sopropfr:Absorptance absorptance sopropfr:Absorptivity absorptivity sopropfr:AirSpaceRatio air space ratio sopropfr:Albedo The ratio of reflected flux density to incident flux density, referenced to some surface. albedo sopropfr:AvailableWaterCapacity available water capacity sopropfr:Bioavailability bioavailability sopropfr:BivariateStatisticalSummary bivariate statistical summary sopropfr:BondAlbedo bond albedo sopropfr:CapacityFactor capacity factor sopropfr:CloudCover cloud cover sopropfr:Coherence coherence sopropfr:ConditionalProbability conditional probability sopropfr:Correlation correlation sopropfr:Covariance covariance sopropfr:CrossCorrelation cross correlation sopropfr:DegreeOfIonization degree of ionization sopropfr:DifferentialWaterCapacity differential water capacity sopropfr:EffectivePorosity effective porosity sopropfr:Efficiency efficiency sopropfr:Emissivity emissivity sopropfr:Emittance emittance sopropfr:FPAR fpar sopropfr:FieldCapacity field capacity sopropfr:FractionPhotosyntheticActiveRadiation fraction photosynthetic active radiation sopropfr:FractionalQuantity fractional quantity sopropfr:Humidity 1. Generally, some measure of the water vapor content of air. The multiplicity of humidity measures is partly due to different methods of measurement and partly because the conservative measures (mixing ratio, specific humidity) cover an extremely wide dynamic range, as a result of the rapid variation of saturation vapor pressure with temperature. 2. Popularly, same as relative humidity. humidity sopropfr:JointProbability joint probability sopropfr:Likelihood likelihood sopropfr:MarketShare market share sopropfr:MassFraction mass fraction sopropfr:Metallicity metallicity sopropfr:MixingRatio mixing ratio sopropfr:MolarConcentration molar concentration sopropfr:MoleConcentration mole concentration sopropfr:MoleFraction mole fraction sopropfr:MoleRatio mole ratio sopropfr:PartialCorrelation partial correlation sopropfr:PearsonProductMomentCorrelation pearson product moment correlation sopropfr:Porosity porosity sopropfr:Porousness porousness sopropfr:Probability probability sopropfr:RankCorrelation rank correlation sopropfr:Reflectance A general term referring to the radiation reflected from, or scattered back through, a given surface in response to radiation incident on the surface with the same wavelength or wavelength range. reflectance sopropfr:Reflectivity reflectivity sopropfr:Refractivity refractivity sopropfr:RelativeHumidity relative humidity sopropfr:SaturationMixingRatio A thermodynamic function of state; the value of the mixing ratio of saturated air at the given temperature and pressure. saturation mixing ratio sopropfr:SpecificHumidity In a system of moist air, the (dimensionless) ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of the system. specific humidity sopropfr:Transmittance transmittance sopropfr:Transparency transparency sopropfr:VolumeFraction volume fraction sopropfr:VolumeMixingRatio volume mixing ratio sopropfr:WaterHoldingCapacity water holding capacity sopropfr:pValue p value sopropfu:AnnualAverage annual average sopropfu:Average average sopropfu:CriticalLevel critical level sopropfu:CriticalPoint critical point sopropfu:Decile decile sopropfu:Disturbance disturbance sopropfu:ErrorBar error bar sopropfu:FlippingPoint flipping point sopropfu:Kurtosis kurtosis sopropfu:Maximum maximum sopropfu:Mean mean sopropfu:Median median sopropfu:MidRange mid range sopropfu:Minimum minimum sopropfu:Mode mode sopropfu:Moment moment sopropfu:MonthlyAverage monthly average sopropfu:Peak peak sopropfu:Percentile percentile sopropfu:Quartile quartile sopropfu:Quintile quintile sopropfu:Skewness skewness sopropfu:Spread spread sopropfu:StandardDeviation standard deviation sopropfu:StandardError standard error sopropfu:TemporalAverage temporal average sopropfu:TemporalMean temporal mean sopropfu:Threshold threshold sopropfu:TimeAverage time average sopropfu:TimeMean time mean sopropfu:TippingPoint tipping point sopropfu:Variance variance sopropi:AdaptiveCapacity adaptive capacity sopropi:AirQualityIndex air quality index sopropi:AkasofuEpsilon akasofu epsilon sopropi:AuroralBoundaryIndex auroral boundary index sopropi:BIBI bibi sopropi:BenthicIndex benthic index sopropi:BenthicIndexOfBiologicalIntegrity benthic index of biological integrity sopropi:BlockingIndex blocking index sopropi:BoydenIndex A measure of the mean thermodynamic stability in a layer beneath 700 mb. boyden index sopropi:COH coh sopropi:CirculationIndex circulation index sopropi:ClimateIndicator climate indicator sopropi:CoefficientOfHaze coefficient of haze sopropi:CommonSenseClimateIndex The Common Sense Climate Index is a simple measure of the degree (if any) to which practical climate change is occurring. The index is a composite of several everyday climate indicators. It is expected to have positive values when warming occurs and negative values for cooling. If the Index reaches and consistently maintains a value of 1 or more, the climate change should be noticeable to most people who have lived at that location for a few decades. common sense climate index sopropi:ComputationalComplexity computational complexity sopropi:CropMoistureIndex crop moisture index sopropi:DroughtIndex drought index sopropi:EPI epi sopropi:ESI esi sopropi:EnvironmentalIndex environmental index sopropi:EnvironmentalIndicator environmental indicator sopropi:EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex environmental performance index sopropi:EnvironmentalSustainabilityIndex environmental sustainability index sopropi:FireWeatherIndex fire weather index sopropi:ForestFireDangerIndex forest fire danger index sopropi:GeomagneticForce geomagnetic force sopropi:GeomagneticIndex geomagnetic index sopropi:GeophysicalIndex geophysical index sopropi:HealthIndex health index sopropi:Hydropattern The full range of hydrologic parameters, which include the depth of water, duration of inundation, and the timing and distribution of freshwater flow. hydropattern sopropi:IBI ibi sopropi:Index index sopropi:IndexDefinedByDifference index defined by difference sopropi:IndexOfBiologicalIntegrity index of biological integrity sopropi:IndexOfBioticIntegrity index of biotic integrity sopropi:KaplanSSTIndex kaplan sst index sopropi:Kp kp sopropi:NRMI nrmi sopropi:NaturalResourceManagementIndex natural resource management index sopropi:NorthAtlanticOscillationIndex north atlantic oscillation index sopropi:NorthPacificOscillationIndex north pacific oscillation index sopropi:PC pc sopropi:PDI pdi sopropi:PDSI pdsi sopropi:PHDI phdi sopropi:PalmerDroughtIndex palmer drought index sopropi:PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex palmer drought severity index sopropi:PalmerHydrologicalDroughtIndex palmer hydrological drought index sopropi:PhysiologicalParameter physiological parameter sopropi:PolarCapIndex polar cap index sopropi:PsychologicalParameter psychological parameter sopropi:RingelmannChart ringelmann chart sopropi:SMI smi sopropi:ShallowConvectionParameter The representation in a numerical model of the turbulent transports of heat and moisture by nonprecipitating cumulus clouds with cloud tops below 3000 m above the surface. shallow convection parameter sopropi:StandardizedPrecipitationIndex standardized precipitation index sopropi:StorageCoefficient The volume of water an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the aquifer per unit change in head (virtually equal to the specific yield in an unconfined aquifer). storage coefficient sopropi:Storativity storativity sopropi:SurfaceMoistureIndex surface moisture index sopropi:Turbidity The effect of (primarily) aerosols, through their total optical depth, in reducing the transmission of direct solar radiation to the surface below that through a purely molecular atmosphere. Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. turbidity sopropi:UVIndex u v index sopropi:Virulence virulence sopropi:VitalStatistics vital statistics sopropi:WaterQualityIndex water quality index sopropi:ZonalIndex A measure of strength of the middle-latitude westerlies, usually expressed as the horizontal pressure difference between 35 and 55N latitude, or as the corresponding geostrophic wind. zonal index sopropm:BulkDensity bulk density sopropm:Consistence consistence sopropm:ConsistenceProperty consistence property sopropm:Consistency consistency sopropm:Content content sopropm:Density 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. density sopropm:DissolvedConcentration dissolved concentration sopropm:Dosage dosage sopropm:Dose dose sopropm:DryWeight dry weight sopropm:Ductibility ductibility sopropm:Elasticity elasticity sopropm:Flexure flexure sopropm:Grade grade sopropm:Hardness hardness sopropm:Malleability malleability sopropm:Mass mass sopropm:MassConcentration mass concentration sopropm:MassContent mass content sopropm:MaterialProperty material property sopropm:MeanMolecularWeight mean molecular weight sopropm:MolecularWeight molecular weight sopropm:Moles moles sopropm:OpticalMass The vertical integral of the density of absorbers between two altitudes; used mainly in determining the transmission through an absorbing gas. optical mass sopropm:Plasticity plasticity sopropm:PotentialDensity The density of a unit of water after it is raised by an adiabatic process to the surface, i.e., determined from in-situ salinity and potential temperature (AGI, 1980). Density that would be reached by a compressible fluid if it were adiabatically compressed or expanded to a standard pressure. potential density sopropm:Roughness roughness sopropm:SigmaT sigma t sopropm:Softness softness sopropm:SolidProperty solid property sopropm:Solidity solidity sopropm:Solidness solidness sopropm:SpecificVolume 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. specific volume sopropm:StrengthProperty strength property sopropm:Structure structure sopropm:Texture texture sopropmf:DarcyFlux darcy flux sopropmf:DifferentialFlux differential flux sopropmf:EffectivePermeability The observed permeability of a porous medium to one fluid phase under conditions of physical interaction between this phase and other fluid phases present. effective permeability sopropmf:GPP gpp sopropmf:GrossPrimaryProductivity gross primary productivity sopropmf:IntrinsicPermeability A measure of the relative ease with which a porous medium can transmit a fluid under a potential gradient and is a property of the medium alone (after Lohman and others, 1972). The property of a porous medium itself that expresses the ease with which gases, liquids, or other substances can pass through it. intrinsic permeability sopropmf:MassFlux mass flux sopropmf:NPP npp sopropmf:NetPrimaryProductivity net primary productivity sopropmf:Permeability permeability sopropmf:PermeabilityCoefficent The rate of flow of water through a unit cross-sectional area under a unit hydraulic gradient at the prevailing temperature (field permeability coefficient) or adjusted to a temperature of 150C (60-F). permeability coefficent sopropmf:PrimaryProductivity primary productivity sopropmf:Productivity productivity sopropmf:SpecificCapacity The rate of discharge of water from the well divided by the drawdown of the water level within the well. specific capacity sopropmf:SpecificDischarge The rate of discharge of groundwater per unit area of a porous medium measured at right angle to the direction of flow. specific discharge sopropmf:SpecificPermeability The permeability measured when the rock contains only one fluid. specific permeability sopropo:ActivityLevel activity level sopropo:Age age sopropo:Belief belief sopropo:Color color sopropo:Condition condition sopropo:EducationalLevel educational level sopropo:ElectromagneticSpectrum The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic spectrum (usually just spectrum) of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation from that object. electromagnetic spectrum sopropo:FlareClass flare class sopropo:Gradation gradation sopropo:Impact impact sopropo:Level level sopropo:Luster luster sopropo:MineralAssessment mineral assessment sopropo:OrdinalProperty ordinal property sopropo:Pigment pigment sopropo:ProcessingLevel processing level sopropo:Qualifier qualifier sopropo:Quality quality sopropo:SpatialScale spatial scale sopropo:SpectralBand spectral band sopropo:SpectralLine spectral line sopropo:Streak Color of the powder of a substance. streak sopropo:TemperatureRange temperature range sopropo:TrophicLevel trophic level sopropo:Trust trust sopropo:Visibility visibility sopropp:AirPressure air pressure sopropp:AtmosphericPressure atmospheric pressure sopropp:BarometricPressure The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of gravitational attraction exerted upon the column of air lying directly above the point in question. barometric pressure sopropp:BarometricTendency The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. barometric tendency sopropp:BulkModulus bulk modulus sopropp:Compressibility compressibility sopropp:CompressiveStrength compressive strength sopropp:DifferentialPressure differential pressure sopropp:DynamicViscosity dynamic viscosity sopropp:ExnerFunction exner function sopropp:HydrostaticPressure hydrostatic pressure sopropp:ModulusOfElasticity modulus of elasticity sopropp:MomentumFlux momentum flux sopropp:NormalStress normal stress sopropp:PartialPressure The pressure that a component of a gaseous mixture would have if it alone occupied the same volume at the same temperature as the mixture. partial pressure sopropp:Pressure Force per unit area. pressure sopropp:PressureGradient The derivative of pressure pressure gradient sopropp:PressureTendency The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. pressure tendency sopropp:SeaLevelPressure The atmospheric pressure at mean sea level, either directly measured or, most commonly, empirically determined from the observed station pressure. sea level pressure sopropp:ShearModulus shear modulus sopropp:ShearStress shear stress sopropp:StaticPressure static pressure sopropp:Stiffness stiffness sopropp:Strength strength sopropp:Stress stress sopropp:Suction suction sopropp:SurfaceTension surface tension sopropp:TensileStrength tensile strength sopropp:TensileStress tensile stress sopropp:TotalPressure total pressure sopropp:Viscosity viscosity sopropp:YoungsModulus youngs modulus sopropq:BalanceEquation balance equation sopropq:BiologicalQuantity biological quantity sopropq:Budget budget sopropq:BudgetEquation In general, an equation expressing a balance of quantities in the sense that the local or individual rates of change are zero. budget equation sopropq:ChemicalQuantity chemical quantity sopropq:ConservedQuantity conserved quantity sopropq:ElectromagneticQuantity electromagnetic quantity sopropq:ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity electromagnetic radiation quantity sopropq:ExtensiveProperty extensive property sopropq:FieldStrength field strength sopropq:Flux The rate of flow of some quantity, often used in reference to the flow of some form of energy. flux sopropq:Force force sopropq:IntensiveProperty intensive property sopropq:IntervalQuantity interval quantity sopropq:PhysicalConstant physical constant sopropq:PhysicalQuantity physical quantity sopropq:Potential potential sopropq:QuantitativeProperty quantitative property sopropq:Quantity quantity sopropq:RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity radiation medium interaction quantity sopropq:ScalarPotential scalar potential 1 sopropq:ScientificQuantity scientific quantity sopropq:StokesParameters stokes parameters sopropq:ThermodynamicQuantity thermodynamic quantity sopropq:VectorPotential vector potential sopropq:VectorQuantity vector quantity sopropr:AbsoluteVorticity absolute vorticity sopropr:AngularAcceleration angular acceleration sopropr:AngularMomentum In physics, the angular momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars. angular momentum sopropr:AngularVelocity angular velocity sopropr:Circulation circulation sopropr:CoriolisParameter coriolis parameter sopropr:Curl curl sopropr:CyclotronFrequency cyclotron frequency sopropr:Enstrophy enstrophy sopropr:ErtelPotentialVorticity ertel potential vorticity sopropr:Gyrofrequency gyrofrequency sopropr:Helicity helicity sopropr:MomentOfInertia moment of inertia sopropr:PotentialVorticity The vertically averaged vorticity of a layer divided by layer thickness. potential vorticity sopropr:RelativeVorticity The vorticity as measured in a system of coordinates fixed on the earth's surface. Usually, only the vertical component of the vorticity is meant. relative vorticity sopropr:Spin spin sopropr:Torque torque sopropr:Vorticity vorticity soprops:AngularDistribution angular distribution soprop:Configuration soprops:Configuration configuration soprops:Connectivity connectivity soprops:Containment containment soprops:Curvature curvature soprops:LinearExtent linear extent soprops:Morphology morphology soprops:OrbitalConfiguration orbital configuration soprops:Shape Description of the form of an object shape soprops:SpatialConfiguration spatial configuration soprops:SpatialDistribution spatial distribution soprops:SpatialExtent spatial extent soprops:SpatialMeasure spatial measure soprops:SpatialProperty spatial property soprops:SpatialSource spatial source 2 sopropsdir:Angle angle sopropsdir:AngularDirection angular direction sopropsdir:Attitude attitude sopropsdir:Axis axis sopropsdir:Azimuth azimuth sopropsdir:AzimuthalDirection azimuthal direction sopropsdir:Bearing bearing sopropsdir:Direction direction sopropsdir:HorizontalDirection horizontal direction sopropsdir:Incidence incidence sopropsdir:Inclination inclination sopropsdir:Incoming incoming sopropsdir:Inward inward sopropsdir:Lateral lateral sopropsdir:Orientation orientation sopropsdir:Outgoing outgoing sopropsdir:Outward outward sopropsdir:PolarDirection polar direction sopropsdir:Radial radial sopropsdir:SolidAngle solid angle sopropsdir:Tilt tilt sopropsdir:VerticalDirection vertical direction sopropsdir:Zenith zenith sopropsdis:AttenuationCoefficient attenuation coefficient sopropsdis:CompactionCoefficient compaction coefficient sopropsdis:CyclotronRadius cyclotron radius sopropsdis:DebyeLength debye length sopropsdis:DebyeScreeningLength debye screening length sopropsdis:DispersionCoeffienct dispersion coeffienct sopropsdis:Dispersivity dispersivity sopropsdis:Distance distance sopropsdis:DistanceRange distance range sopropsdis:DistanceRange_km distance range km sopropsdis:ExtinctionCoefficient The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. extinction coefficient sopropsdis:Fetch fetch sopropsdis:GrainSize grain size sopropsdis:Gyroradius gyroradius sopropsdis:LarmorRadius larmor radius 1 sopropsdis:Length length sopropsdis:MeanFreePath mean free path sopropsdis:MixingLength mixing length sopropsdis:ObukhovLength obukhov length sopropsdis:PerMeterQuantity per meter quantity sopropsdis:PulseLength pulse length sopropsdis:Range range sopropsdis:RossbyRadiusOfDeformation rossby radius of deformation sopropsdis:ScatteringCoefficient A measure of the extinction due to scattering of monochromatic radiation as it traverses a medium containing scattering particles. scattering coefficient sopropsdis:Size size sopropsdis:SizeRange size range sopropsdis:SizeRange_micron size range micron sopropsdis:SpatialFrequency spatial frequency sopropsdis:Visibility The greatest distance in a given direction at which it is just possible to see and identify with the unaided eye visibility sopropsdis:WaveNumber wave number sopropsdis:Wavelength wavelength sopropsdis:WavelengthBand wavelength band sopropsdis:WavelengthBand_nm wavelength band nm sopropsdis:Wavelength_cm wavelength cm sopropsdis:Wavelength_nm wavelength nm sopropsh:Altitude A measure (or condition) of height, especially of great height, as a mountain top or aircraft flight level. The vertical distance above mean sea level of the ground at the meteorological station. altitude sopropsh:BarometricAltitude barometric altitude sopropsh:Bathymetry bathymetry sopropsh:Ceiling ceiling sopropsh:Crest crest sopropsh:DampingDepth damping depth sopropsh:Depth depth sopropsh:DepthRange depth range sopropsh:DepthRange_km depth range km sopropsh:Drawdown drawdown sopropsh:DynamicTopography dynamic topography sopropsh:Elevation elevation sopropsh:EstimatedCeiling After U.S.weather observing practice, the ceiling classification applied to a ceiling height that is determined in any of the following ways: 1) by means of a convective-cloud height diagram or dewpoint formula; 2) from the known heights of unobscured portions of natural landmarks, or objects more than one and one-half nautical miles from any runway of the airport; 3) on the basis of observational experience, provided the sky is not obscured by surface-based hydrometeors or lithometeors, and other guides are lacking or considered unreliable; or 4) determined by ceilometer or ceiling light when the penetration of the light beam is in excess of normal for the particular height and type of layer, or when the elevation angle of the clinometer or ceilometer-detector scanner exceeds 84?. estimated ceiling sopropsh:FlightLevel In aviation, a Flight Level (FL) is a standard nominal altitude of an aircraft, referenced to a world-wide fixed pressure datum of 1013.25 hPa or the equivalent setting, 29.921 inHg (the average sea-level pressure). It is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's true altitude above mean sea level. flight level sopropsh:Freeboard freeboard sopropsh:Geoid geoid sopropsh:GeopotentialHeight geopotential height sopropsh:Height height sopropsh:HeightRange height range sopropsh:HeightRange_km height range km sopropsh:Level level sopropsh:MixingHeight mixing height sopropsh:ScaleHeight scale height sopropsh:SeaLevel sea level sopropsh:SeaState sea state sopropsh:SecchiDepth The Secchi disk is a device used to measure water transparency in open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean. A pattern is drawn or painted onto a card or acrylic, mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly in the water. The depth at which the pattern on the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. secchi depth sopropsh:SignificantHeight significant height sopropsh:SkinDepth skin depth sopropsh:TopographicProminence In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. It is a measure of the independent stature of a summit. topographic prominence sopropsh:Topography topography sopropsh:UpperLevel upper level sopropsh:VerticalExtent vertical extent sopropsl:Center center sopropsl:CenterOfMass center of mass sopropsl:ControlPoint control point sopropsl:Epicenter epicenter sopropsl:Focii focii sopropsl:Focus focus sopropsl:LagrangianPoint lagrangian point sopropsl:Location location sopropsl:MirrorPoint mirror point sopropsl:Nadir nadir sopropsl:Position position sopropsl:SubsolarPoint subsolar point sopropsm:AngularExtent angular extent 2 sopropsm:Area area sopropsm:Capacity capacity sopropsm:CarbonFootprint carbon footprint sopropsm:CrossSection cross section sopropsm:CrossSectionalArea cross sectional area sopropsm:FieldOfView field of view sopropsm:Footprint footprint sopropsm:RadarCrossSection Radar cross section (RCS) describes the extent to which an object reflects an incident electromagnetic wave. It is a measure of the strength of the radar signal backscattered from a target object for a given incident wave power.. radar cross section sopropsm:Resolution resolution 3 sopropsm:Volume volume sopropst:AverageAnnualPrecipitation average annual precipitation sopropst:AverageDrySeasonPrecipitation average dry season precipitation sopropst:AverageMonthlyPrecipitation average monthly precipitation sopropst:EquivalentThickness equivalent thickness sopropst:Evapotranspiration evapotranspiration sopropst:FluidHead fluid head sopropst:GaugeHeight gauge height sopropst:HalfPotentialEvapotranspiration half potential evapotranspiration sopropst:HydraulicHead hydraulic head sopropst:LWE lwe sopropst:LakeStage lake stage sopropst:LiquidWaterEquivalent liquid water equivalent sopropst:OpticalDepth The optical thickness measured vertically above some given altitude. Optical depth is dimensionless and may be used to specify many different radiative characteristics of the atmosphere. optical depth sopropst:OpticalThickness optical thickness sopropst:PotentialEvapotranspiration potential evapotranspiration sopropst:PrecipitableWater The total atmospheric water vapor contained in a vertical column of unit cross-sectional area extending between any two specified levels. precipitable water sopropst:Precipitation precipitation sopropst:PrecipitationRange precipitation range sopropst:PrecipitationRange_cm precipitation range cm sopropst:PressureThickness pressure thickness sopropst:SWE swe sopropst:SnowCover The depth of snow that has fallen. snow cover sopropst:SnowWaterEquivalent snow water equivalent sopropst:Snowpack snowpack sopropst:StageHeight stage height sopropst:StaticHead static head sopropst:StreamStage stream stage sopropst:Thickness thickness sopropst:TotalHead total head sopropst:WaterContent water content sopropst:WaterHeight water height sopropsp:Acceleration The rate of change with time of the velocity vector of a particle. acceleration sopropsp:Airspeed Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the air. There are several different measures of airspeed: indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, equivalent airspeed and true airspeed. airspeed sopropsp:AlfvenVelocity alfven velocity sopropsp:DopplerVelocity doppler velocity sopropsp:Drift drift sopropsp:EscapeVelocity escape velocity sopropsp:GroundSpeed Ground speed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. It is the sum of the aircraft's true airspeed and the current wind and weather conditions; a headwind subtracts from the ground speed, while a tailwind adds to it. Winds at other angles to the heading will have components of either headwind or tailwind as well as a crosswind component. ground speed sopropsp:GroupVelocity group velocity sopropsp:Inertia inertia sopropsp:IonVelocity ion velocity sopropsp:MagnetiCurvatureDrift magneti curvature drift sopropsp:Momentum momentum sopropsp:NeutralVelocity neutral velocity sopropsp:Omega omega sopropsp:PhaseVelocity phase velocity sopropsp:ProperMotion proper motion sopropsp:RadialVelocity The component of a three-dimensional velocity vector oriented along the radial direction from the origin point or axis in polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. In connection with Doppler radar, the radial velocity component is called Doppler velocity. radial velocity sopropsp:SeepageVelocity seepage velocity sopropsp:Speed speed sopropsp:TangentialAcceleration The component of the acceleration directed along the velocity vector (streamline), with magnitude equal to the rate of change of speed of the parcel dV/dt, where V is the speed. tangential acceleration sopropsp:TerminalVelocity terminal velocity sopropsp:ThermalVelocity thermal velocity sopropsp:Velocity The time rate of change of a position vector; that is, a change of position expressed in terms of speed and direction. velocity sopropsp:VerticalVelocity vertical velocity sopropsp:WindShear wind shear sopropsp:WindSpeed wind speed sopropt:AntennaTemperature Antenna temperature is a way of expressing the brightness of a radiation source - it is proportional to the power per unit area emitted by the source. In most cases where it is used it corresponds to the thermodynamic or physical temperature of the source being observed. It thus relates the power emitted by the source to an interesting physical property of that source. antenna temperature sopropt:BoilingPoint boiling point sopropt:BrightnessTemperature A descriptive measure of radiation in terms of the temperature of a hypothetical blackbody emitting an identical amount of radiation at the same wavelength. brightness temperature sopropt:ColdestMonthTemperature coldest month temperature sopropt:DewPoint The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur. dew point sopropt:DewPointDepression dew point depression sopropt:DewPointTemperature dew point temperature sopropt:DryBulbTemperature dry bulb temperature sopropt:EffectiveTemperature The temperature at which motionless saturated air would induce, in a sedentary worker wearing ordinary indoor clothing, the same sensation of comfort as that induced by the actual conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement. Effective temperature is used as a guide in air-conditioning practice, and, on the comfort chart (American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers), it appears as a family of curves that serves as one coordinate in defining comfort zones. effective temperature sopropt:ElectronTemperature electron temperature sopropt:EquivalentPotentialTemperature equivalent potential temperature sopropt:EquivalentTemperature equivalent temperature sopropt:GlobalWarmingPotential global warming potential sopropt:IonTemperature ion temperature sopropt:KineticTemperature kinetic temperature sopropt:MeanAnnualTemperature mean annual temperature sopropt:MeanMonthlyTemperature mean monthly temperature sopropt:MeltingPoint melting point sopropt:NeutralTemperature neutral temperature sopropt:PotentialTemperature The temperature that a parcel would have if brought adiabatically and reversibly from its initial state to a standard reference pressure, typically 100 kPa. potential temperature sopropt:PseudoEquivalentPotentialTemperature pseudo equivalent potential temperature sopropt:PseudoEquivalentTemperature pseudo equivalent temperature sopropt:StaticTemperature static temperature sopropt:Temperature temperature sopropt:TemperatureRange temperature range sopropt:TotalTemperature total temperature sopropt:TriplePoint triple point sopropt:VirtualPotentialTemperature virtual potential temperature sopropt:VirtualTemperature virtual temperature sopropt:WarmestMonthTemperature warmest month temperature sopropt:WetBulbPotentialTemperature The temperature an air parcel would have if cooled from its initial state adiabatically to saturation, and thence brought to 1000 mb by a moist-adiabatic process. wet bulb potential temperature sopropt:WetBulbTemperature wet bulb temperature sopropt:WindChill wind chill sopropt:WindChillIndex A means of quantifying the threat of rapid cooling during breezy or windy conditions that may result in hypothermia in cold conditions. wind chill index soproptg:AutoConvectiveLapseRate The environmental lapse rate of temperature in an atmosphere in which the density is constant with height (homogeneous atmosphere), equal to g/R, where g is the acceleration of gravity and R the gas constant. auto convective lapse rate soproptg:DryAdiabaticLapseRate A process lapse rate of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium. dry adiabatic lapse rate soproptg:EnvironmentalLapseRate The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation environmental lapse rate soproptg:LapseRate lapse rate soproptg:TemperatureDepthDerivative The derivative of temperature with respect to depth. temperature depth derivative soproptg:TemperatureGradient The derivative of temperature. temperature gradient soproptg:TemperatureGradientRange temperature gradient range soproptg:TemperatureHeightDerivative The derivative of temperature with respect to height. temperature height derivative soproptg:ThermalGradient thermal gradient soproptg:ThermalProfile thermal profile sopropti:Age age sopropti:AverageITCZDominanceDuration average itcz dominance duration sopropti:AverageSnowCoverDuration average snow cover duration sopropti:AverageWinterDuration average winter duration sopropti:CurrentTime current time sopropti:Cycle cycle sopropti:Delay delay sopropti:DoublingTime doubling time sopropti:Duration duration sopropti:DurationDescription duration description sopropti:EFoldingTime e folding time sopropti:EndTime end time sopropti:Episode episode sopropti:Episodic episodic sopropti:Exposure exposure sopropti:GeologicTime The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized model) relating stratigraphy to time that is used by geologists, paleontologists and other earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. [Wikipedia] geologic time sopropti:Hydroperiod hydroperiod sopropti:ITCZDominanceDuration itcz dominance duration sopropti:Latency latency sopropti:MonthRange month range sopropti:Period period sopropti:Repose The interval of time between volcanic eruptions. repose sopropti:ResidenceTime residence time sopropti:SnowCoverDuration snow cover duration sopropti:StartTime start time sopropti:TemporalExtent temporal extent sopropti:TemporalRange temporal range sopropti:Time This is a reference to time as a dependent variable time sopropti:TimeInterval time interval sopropti:TimePeriod time period sopropti:TimeRange time range sopropti:TimeStep time step sopropti:Timestamp timestamp sopropti:WinterDuration winter duration soproptf:Bandwidth bandwidth soproptf:BruntVaisalaFrequency The frequency at which a displaced parcel will oscillate when displaced vertically within a statically stable environment. brunt vaisala frequency soproptf:Cadence cadence soproptf:Convergence convergence soproptf:Divergence The expansion or spreading out of a vector field; also, a precise measure thereof. divergence soproptf:Fertility fertility soproptf:Frequency The rate of recurrence of any periodic phenomenon, often associated with waves of all kinds. Without qualification frequency often means temporal frequency, the rate of recurrence of a time-varying function, but could mean spatial frequency, the rate of recurrence of a space-varying function. Spatial frequency is the reciprocal of the repeat distance (sometimes the wavelength). The dimensions of (temporal) frequency are inverse time. A common unit for frequency is cycle per second, formerly abbreviated cps, but superseded by hertz, abbreviated as Hz. frequency soproptf:FrequencyBand frequency band soproptf:FrequencyBand_MHz frequency band mhz soproptf:Incidence incidence soproptf:Rate rate soproptf:SpreadingRate The spreading rate is a measure of how fast plate divergence is occurring. [Wikipedia] spreading rate soproptf:Tendency tendency sorea:Atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass,[1] by the gravity of the body, and are retained for a longer duration if gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. [Wikipedia] atmosphere sorea:CriticalZone critical zone sorea:Cryosphere The cryosphere collectively describes the portions of a planetary surface in frozen form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). [Wikipedia] cryosphere sorea:Geosphere The term Geosphere is often used to refer to the densest (solid) parts of a planet, which consist mostly of rock and regolith [Wikipedia] geosphere sorea:GlobalPlanetaryLayer global planetary layer sorea:Hydrosphere A hydrosphere in physical geography describes the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. [Wikipedia] hydrosphere sorea:Land The part of a planetary surface that is a solid land sorea:Ocean An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. [Wikipedia] ocean sorea:PlanetaryBoundary planetary boundary sorea:PlanetaryLayer planetary layer sorea:PlanetaryRealm planetary realm sorea:PlanetaryStructure planetary structure sorea:PlanetarySurface The surface of the planet defined by solid and/or liquid layers planetary surface sorea:PlanetarySurfaceLevel A qusai-horizontal surface spanning all or part of a planet that corresponds to a constant value of some parameter planetary surface level sorea:Realm realm sorea:Ring ring sorea:Subaerial subaerial soreaab:Asteroid asteroid soreaab:AstronomicalBody astronomical body soreaab:Comet comet soreaab:Extraterrestrial A body or substance which does not originate from Earth. [Wikipedia] extraterrestrial soreaab:Galaxy galaxy soreaab:Moon moon soreaab:OuterSpace outer space soreaab:Planet planet soreaab:Satellite satellite soreaab:Star star soreaah:DLayer d layer soreaah:ELayer e layer soreaah:Exosphere exosphere soreaah:FLayer f layer soreaah:Heliopause heliopause soreaah:Heliosphere heliosphere soreaah:Ionosphere ionosphere soreaah:LowerHeliosphere lower heliosphere soreaah:Magnetosphere magnetosphere soreaah:Plasmapause plasmapause soreaah:Plasmasphere plasmasphere soreaah:RadiationBelt radiation belt soreaah:UpperHeliosphere upper heliosphere soreaah:VanAllenBelt van allen belt soreaas:ActiveRegion active region soreaas:Chromosphere chromosphere soreaas:ConvectionZone convection zone soreaas:Corona corona soreaas:Photosphere photosphere soreaas:RadiativeZone radiative zone soreaas:StellarAtmosphere stellar atmosphere soreaas:StellarCore stellar core soreaas:StellarInterior stellar interior soreaas:StellarRealm stellar realm soreaas:Tacocline tacocline soreaa:AtmosphereLayer atmosphere layer soreaa:FreeTroposphere free troposphere soreaa:InversionLayer inversion layer soreaa:JungeAerosolLayer A maximum in large-particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km. junge aerosol layer soreaa:LowerAtmosphere lower atmosphere soreaa:Mesopause The top of the mesosphere and the base of the thermosphere. The mesopause is usually located at heights of 85?95 km, and is the site of the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere. Temperatures as low as 100 K (- 173?C) have been measured at the mesopause by rockets. See atmospheric shell. mesopause soreaa:Mesosphere mesosphere soreaa:MiddleAtmosphere middle atmosphere soreaa:OzoneLayer ozone layer soreaa:Stratopause stratopause soreaa:Stratosphere stratosphere soreaa:TemperatureInversionLayer temperature inversion layer soreaa:Thermosphere thermosphere soreaa:Tropopause tropopause soreaa:Troposphere troposphere soreaa:UpperAtmosphere upper atmosphere soreaabl:AtmosphericBoundaryLayer The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. atmospheric boundary layer soreaabl:BoundaryLayer boundary layer soreaabl:Cap A region of negative buoyancy below an existing level of free convection (LFC) where energy must be supplied to the parcel to maintain its ascent. cap soreaabl:ConstantFluxLayer A layer of air tens of meters thick at the bottom of the atmosphere where the variation of vertical turbulent flux with altitude is less than 10% of its magnitude. constant flux layer soreaabl:InternalBoundaryLayer A layer within the atmosphere bounded below by the surface, and above by a more or less sharp discontinuity in some atmospheric property. Internal boundary layers are associated with the horizontal advection of air across a discontinuity in some property of the surface (e.g., aerodynamic roughness length or surface heat flux) and can be viewed as layers in which the atmosphere is adjusting to new surface properties. See thermal internal boundary layer, mechanical internal boundary layer. internal boundary layer soreaabl:MechanicalInternalBoundaryLayer (Abbreviated MIBL.) An internal boundary layer caused by advection of air across a discontinuity in surface roughness. When the new surface is rougher than the old one, the MIBL depth grows roughly as the 0.8 power of the ratio of the two roughness lengths. In this example, the MIBL grows to include the whole surface layer. mechanical internal boundary layer soreaabl:MixedLayer A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. mixed layer soreaabl:NocturnalBoundaryLayer The cool layer of air adjacent to the ground that forms at night. At night under clear skies, radiation to space cools the land surface, which in turn cools the adjacent air through processes of molecular conduction, turbulence, and radiative transfer. This causes a stable boundary layer to form and grow to depths of a few hundreds of meters, depending on the season. Many interacting processes can occur within the statically stable nocturnal boundary layer: patchy sporadic turbulence, internal gravity waves, drainage flows, inertial oscillations, and nocturnal jets. nocturnal boundary layer soreaabl:OuterLayer For flow over a hill, the top layer in the boundary layer that accelerates relative to its upstream value due to the Bernoulli effect. outer layer soreaabl:PlanetaryBoundaryLayer The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. planetary boundary layer soreaabl:ResidualLayer The middle portion of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer characterized by weak sporadic turbulence and initially uniformly mixed potential temperature and pollutants remaining from the mixed layer of the previous day. residual layer soreaabl:RoughnessSublayer Same as transition layer. The lowest atmospheric layer immediately adjacent to a surface covered with relatively large roughness elements such as stones, vegetation, trees, or buildings. roughness sublayer soreaabl:SkinLayer skin layer soreaabl:StableBoundaryLayer stable boundary layer soreaabl:WellMixedLayer A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. well mixed layer soreaaw:AdiabaticCondensationLevel adiabatic condensation level soreaaw:CloudBase cloud base soreaaw:CloudTop cloud top soreaaw:CondensationLevel Level at which water vapor to condense condensation level soreaaw:ConvectiveCloudBase convective cloud base soreaaw:ConvectiveCloudTop convective cloud top soreaaw:ConvectiveCondensationLevel On a thermodynamic diagram, the point of intersection of a sounding curve (representing the vertical distribution of temperature in an atmospheric column) with the saturation mixing ratio line corresponding to the average mixing ratio in the surface layer. convective condensation level soreaaw:FreeConvectiveLayer free convective layer soreaaw:FreezingLevel freezing level soreaaw:LFC Level of free convection lfc soreaaw:LevelOfFreeConvection level of free convection soreaaw:MaximumWindSpeedLevel maximum wind speed level soreaaw:MeltingLayer The altitude interval throughout which ice-phase precipitation melts as it descends. The top of the melting layer is the melting level. The melting layer may be several hundred meters deep, reflecting the time it takes for all the hydrometeors to undergo the transition from solid to liquid phase. The temperature of the melting layer is typically 0?C or slightly warmer. See bright band. melting layer soreaaw:MeltingLevel The altitude at which ice crystals and snowflakes begin to melt as they descend through the atmosphere. In cloud physics and in radar meteorology, this is the accepted term for the 0?C constant-temperature surface (see bright band). It is physically more apt than the corresponding operational term, freezing level, for melting of pure ice must begin very near 0?C, but freezing of liquid water can occur over a broad range of temperatures (between 0? and -40?C; see supercooling). See also freezing point, ice point, melting point. melting level soreaaw:SnowGeneratingLevel A layer in the middle or upper troposphere in widespread precipitation in which ice crystals form in small convective cells and fall to lower altitudes. snow generating level soreaaw:ZoneOfMaximumPrecipitation The elevation band on a mountain or orographic barrier that receives the greatest precipitation for a seasonal or annual average. zone of maximum precipitation soreabb:Anthromes anthromes soreabb:AquaticEcosystem An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem located in a body of water. Communities of organisms that are dependent on each other and on their environment live in aquatic ecosystems. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. aquatic ecosystem soreabb:Barren barren soreabb:Biome biome soreabb:Biota biota soreabb:BorealForest boreal forest soreabb:CaveEcosystem cave ecosystem soreabb:CoralReef The term coral reef generally refers to a marine ecosystem in which the main organisms are corals that house algal symbionts within their tissues. These ecosystems require: 1) fully marine waters; 2) warm temperatures; and 3) ample sunlight. They are therefore restricted to shallow waters of tropical and subtropical regions. Corals that do not have algal symbionts can also form significant reef communities in deeper, darker, and colder waters, but these communities are distinguished as cold-water coral bioherms. The more technical definition of coral reef includes an additional geological requirement that the reef organisms produce enough calcium carbonate to build the physical reef structure. The coral reef community lives only on the surface veneer of the reef, on top of already existing skeletal material left behind by previous reef-builders. Many processes act to break down the skeletal material and reef as soon it is laid down by organisms. These include mechanical processes such as waves and currents, and a wide array of biological processes (e.g., bioerosion). Some of the best known bioeroders are large organisms such as parrotfish and sponges, but much of the bioerosion occurs at the microscopic scale by organisms such as algae and fungi. A coral reef is produced only if the coral reef community produces more calcium carbonate than is removed. Indeed, some coral reef communities grow too slowly to build a reef. coral reef soreabb:Croplands croplands soreabb:DenseSettlements dense settlements soreabb:Ecosystem ecosystem soreabb:EmergentLayer An irregular zone of extremely tall trees, rising above the mean canopy emergent layer soreabb:Fishery fishery soreabb:Forest A forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria. These plant communities cover large areas of the globe and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth's biosphere. forest soreabb:Forested forested soreabb:FreshwaterEcosystem freshwater ecosystem soreabb:Grassland Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants (forbs). Plants of the sedge (Cyperacae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be frequent in grasslands. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica, and in many other areas they have replaced the natural vegetation due to human influence. In temperate latitudes, such as north-west Europe, grasslands are dominated by perennial species, whereas in warmer climates annual species form a greater component of the vegetation. grassland soreabb:MarineEcosystem marine ecosystem soreabb:Montane Montane is a biogeographic term which refers to highland areas located below the subalpine zone.[1] Montane regions generally have cooler temperatures and often have higher rainfall than the adjacent lowland regions, and are frequently home to distinct communities of plants and animals. [Wikipedia] montane soreabb:Pasture pasture soreabb:Rangelands rangelands soreabb:Savanna A savanna or savannah is a tropical or subtropical woodland ecosystem. Savannas are characterised by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. It is often believed that savannas are characterized by widely spaced, scattered trees, however in many savanna communities tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forest communities. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall being confined to one season of the year. Savannas can be associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently seen as a transitional zone, occurring between forest regions and desert regions. savanna soreabb:Scrubland Scrubland is plant community characterized by scrub vegetation. Scrub consists of low shrubs, mixed with grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Scrublands are sometimes known as heathlands. Scrublands may be either naturally occurring or the result of human activity. They may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as a major fire. Many people do not live in scrubland because of the fires that can easily occur. scrubland soreabb:SeaGrass sea grass soreabb:SparseTrees sparse trees soreabb:Steppe steppe soreabb:Taiga biome characterized by coniferous forests taiga soreabb:TemperateForest temperate forest soreabb:Terrain terrain soreabb:TerrestrialBiome terrestrial biome soreabb:TerrestrialEcosystem terrestrial ecosystem soreabb:TropicalForest tropical forest soreabb:Villages villages soreabb:Wildlands wildlands soreabb:Woodland woodland soreacz:A The A climate classification, also known as the Tropical climate classification, is characterized as being consistently warm with all months averaging above 18 degrees C and having annual precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration (POTET). a soreacz:B Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. b soreacz:C c soreacz:ClimateClassification climate classification soreacz:ClimateZoneType climate zone type soreacz:D The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C. d soreacz:DesertClimateZone desert climate zone soreacz:Doldrums A nautical term for the equatorial trough, with special reference to the light and variable nature of the winds. doldrums soreacz:DryClimate dry climate soreacz:DryWinterClimate dry winter climate soreacz:E e soreacz:Equator equator soreacz:ITCZ itcz soreacz:IntertropicalConvergenceZone intertropical convergence zone soreacz:MarineClimate (Also called maritime climate, oceanic climate.) A regional climate under the predominant influence of the sea, characterized by relatively small seasonal variations and high atmospheric moisture content; the antithesis of a continental climate. marine climate soreacz:RainShadow A region of sharply reduced precipitation on the lee side of an orographic barrier, as compared with regions upwind of the barrier. rain shadow soreacz:SubtropicalClimateZone subtropical climate zone soreacz:TemperateClimate temperate climate soreacz:TropicalClimate tropical climate soreacz:TropicalClimateZone tropical climate zone soreacz:WetSummerClimate wet summer climate soreacz:WetSummerDryWinterClimate wet summer dry winter climate soreac:AblationZone ablation zone 2019-12-10T06:11:13-08:00 An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. soreac:AccumulationZone This zone usually occurs at higher elevations and generally overlaps the conversion of snow to glacial ice. accumulation zone 2019-12-10T06:11:13-08:00 An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. soreac:AlpineTundra Alpine tundra is an ecozone that does not contain trees because it has high altitude. Alpine tundra occurs at high enough altitude at any latitude on Earth. Alpine tundra also lacks trees, but the lower part does not have permafrost, and alpine soils are generally better drained than permafrost soils. Alpine tundra transitions to subalpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as Krummholz. Alpine tundra occurs in an alpine zone alpine tundra 2019-12-10T06:11:13-08:00 A tundra ecosystem which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. soreac:Calf ice calf 2019-12-10T06:11:13-08:00 An ice mass which has calved off an larger mass of ice. This definition is intentionally broad to include the multiple existing and used definitions of ice calfs. soreac:CongelationIce Congelation ice usually forms through the fusion/coalescence of platelets into solid ice. congelation ice 2019-12-10T08:05:43-08:00 Sea ice which 1) has formed on the submerged surface (i.e. the base) of an existing mass of sea ice and 2) is composed of columnar crystals due to the downward growth of the crystals into the water. soreac:DriftIce Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. drift ice 2019-12-10T08:45:12-08:00 A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents. soreac:FastIce Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. fast ice 2019-12-10T08:50:11-08:00 A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. soreac:Floe sea ice floe 2019-12-10T08:54:28-08:00 An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. soreac:FrazilIce Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. frazil ice 2019-12-10T08:57:38-08:00 New ice which is composed frazil which has congealed into a thin sheet. soreac:FrozenGround Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. Soil within which the moisture has predominantly changed to ice, the unfrozen portion being in vapor phase. Ice within the soil bonds (adfreezes) adjacent soil particles and renders frozen ground very hard. Permanently frozen ground is called permafrost. Dry frozen ground is relatively loose and crumbly because of the lack of bonding ice. Frozen ground is sometimes inadvisedly called frost or ground frost. frozen ground 2019-12-10T09:00:09-08:00 Land which is below the freezing point of water. soreac:GlacialRegion glacial region soreac:Glacier glacier 2019-12-10T09:06:36-08:00 The definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms). soreac:GlacierTerminus glacier terminus 2019-12-10T09:09:25-08:00 An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. soreac:IceBase ice base soreac:IceCap ice cap 2019-12-10T09:12:52-08:00 A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). soreac:IceCore The composition of an ice core can be used to reconstruct past climates and climate change; typically removed from an ice sheet (Antarctica and Greenland) or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere. ice core 2019-12-13T13:58:24-08:00 An ice mass which has been drilled from an accumulation of snow and ice that has built up over many years and that has recrystallized and has trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. soreac:IceField ice field 2019-12-13T14:02:20-08:00 An ice field which is primarily composoed of sea ice floes greater than 10 kilometers across. soreac:IceFloe ice floe 2019-12-10T08:54:28-08:00 An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. soreac:IceSheet An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 square km (19,305 square mile). ice sheet 2020-02-12T12:45:11-08:00 A glacier which covers an area of greater than 50,000 square kilometers. soreac:IceShelf An ice shelf may grow hundreds of miles out to sea. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. Ice shelves are much thicker than sea ice often filling embayments in the coastline of an ice sheet.. Currently, nearly all ice shelves are in Antarctica, where most of the ice discharged into the ocean flows via ice shelves. The mass balance of an ice shelf may have significant components of both gain and loss at the base. The seaward edge is termed an ice front. The calving of an ice shelf forms tabular icebergs and ice islands. ice shelf 2020-02-12T12:52:35-08:00 An ice mass which 1) is attached to the coast 2) at least 2 meters in thickness 3) forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface and 4) grows by annual snow accumulation or by the seaward extension of land glaciers. soreac:IceSnowInterface ice snow interface soreac:IceStream ice stream soreac:IceSurface ice surface 2020-02-12T13:05:30-08:00 A two-dimensional fiat ice surface which is composed primarily of water ice. soreac:Iceberg The greater part of an iceberg's mass (4/5 to 8/9) is below sea level, which makes them dangerous to shipping in high and mid-latitude regions of the ocean. The top of an ice berg usually protrudes more than 5 m above water-level and typically extends from tens of meters to many tens of kilometres across. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, dry-docked, blocky, weathered or glacier bergs in addition to having a size qualifier. Icebergs are not sea ice, when they melt they add fresh water to the ocean. The unmodified term iceberg usually refers to the irregular masses of ice formed by the calving of glaciers along an orographically rough coast, whereas tabular icebergs and ice islands are calved from an ice shelf, while bergs formed from sea ice are called floebergs. In decreasing size, they are classified as: ice island (few thousand square meters to 500 km^2 in area); tabular iceberg; iceberg; bergy bit (less than 5 m above sea level, between 1 and 200 m^2 in area); and growler (less than 1 m above sea level, about 20 m^2 in area). Alaskan icebergs rarely exceed 500 feet in maximum dimension. Antarctic icebergs originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. iceberg 2020-02-12T13:16:09-08:00 An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. soreac:LandIce Land ice is any part of the Earth's seasonal or perennial ice cover that has formed over land as the result, principally, of the freezing of precipitation; opposed to sea ice formed by the freezing of seawater. Thus, an iceberg or tabular iceberg is land ice as well as its parent glacier, ice sheet, or ice shelf. The two major concentrations of land ice are the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers and ice caps are the other important forms; however, some members of the glaciology community hold that glaciers (i.e. rock glaciers) need not have any ice. land ice 2020-02-12T13:18:57-08:00 An ice mass which has formed over land. soreac:Lead Generally, leads are wide enough (and deep enough) for navigation by surface vessels. The term is generally applied to linear features. If the open area is very large it may be called a polynya, although the application of these terms is under debate. lead 2020-02-12T13:21:01-08:00 A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. soreac:PackIce Has related synonym drift ice. Prior to approximately 2014, pack ice was used for all ranges of drift ice concentrations, thus the terms were in close synonymy. pack ice 2020-02-12T13:39:40-08:00 A drift ice mass which has an ice concentration above or equal to 7/10: which covers 70% or more of a given area of a water body. soreac:SeaIce In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. Specifically, ice formed by the freezing of seawater; as opposed, principally, to land ice. Generally, any ice floating in the sea. sea ice 2020-02-12T13:43:39-08:00 Water ice which has formed by the freezing of sea water. soreac:SeasonalIce Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. seasonal ice 2020-02-12T13:45:28-08:00 Sea ice which has formed over a single freezing season. soreac:Snout snout 2020-02-12T13:48:09-08:00 An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. soreac:TabularIceberg Newly formed tabular icebergs have nearly vertical sides and flat tops. In the Antarctic, they may be tens of kilometers wide, up to 160 km (100 miles) long, and as much as 300 m (1000 ft) thick, with about 30 m (100 ft) exposed above the sea surface. In the Arctic, large icebergs of this type are called ice islands, but they are considerably smaller than the largest of the antarctic variety. Has synonyms tabular berg, table iceberg. Formerly called barrier iceberg. tabular iceberg 2020-02-12T13:50:16-08:00 An iceberg which 1) has a flat upper surface, 2) is derived from an ice shelf, ice tongue, or floating tidewater glacier via detachment. soreac:Tundra In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica), and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. tundra 2020-02-12T13:52:08-08:00 A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. soreag:Asthenosphere The asthenosphere is a portion of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere. Seismic waves pass relatively slowly through the asthenosphere, compared to the overlying lithospheric mantle, thus it has been called the low-velocity zone. [Wikipedia] asthenosphere soreag:Basement basement soreag:Batholith A batholith is a large emplacement of igneous intrusive (also called plutonic) rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite (see also granite dome).There is also an important geographic usage of the term batholith. For a geographer, a batholith is an exposed area of mostly continuous plutonic rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers. [Wikipedia] batholith soreag:Bedrock bedrock soreag:BrittleDuctileTransitionZone D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] brittle ductile transition zone soreag:Continental continental soreag:Core The central most structure inside the earth. The core does not allow shear waves to pass through it, while the speed of travel (seismic velocity) is different in the other layers. [Wikipedia] core soreag:CoreMantleBoundary core mantle boundary soreag:Cover cover soreag:Crust The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. [Wikipedia] crust soreag:CrustMantleBoundary crust mantle boundary soreag:DLayer D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] d layer soreag:Dike Dikes, long, planar (sheet) igneous intrusions, enter along cracks, and therefore often form in large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. [Wikipedia] dike soreag:Fabric fabric soreag:GeologicBoundary geologic boundary soreag:GeologicFeature Geological Survey of Queensland or Surface Feature is a distinct recognizable structure within a larger context such as a stream bed, fissure, dike, etc. geologic feature Geologic Feature Geological Feature A geologic feature is a conceptual feature a that is hypothesized to exist coherently in the Earth that results from geological processes Individuals: Lake Eyre Basin, Sarmatian Craton, Victoria Point Sandbar, Mount Erebus Volcano. Subclasses: Basin, Craton, Shield, Province, Sub-Province. Geologic Features include sedimentary basins, stratigraphic units, non-stratigraphic (lithodemic) units, stratigraphic event features, provinces, tectonic and structural features, georesource accumulations, and geologically significant sites, among others soreag:GeologicProvince A geologic or geomorphic province is a spatial entity with common geologic/geomorphic attributes. A province may include a single dominant structural element such as a basin or a fold belt, or a number of contiguous related elements. Most commonly, provinces are classified by age, origin, or mineral resource. [Wikipedia] geologic province soreag:GeologicStructure geologic structure soreag:GeosphereLayer geosphere layer soreag:GiantDikeSwarm A dike swarm or dyke swarm in geology is a major group of parallel, linear, or radially oriented dikes intruded within continental crust. [Wikipedia] giant dike swarm soreag:GuttenburgDiscontinuity The core-mantle boundary. This discontinuity is due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core. P-wave velocities are much slower in the outer core than in the deep mantle while S-waves do not exist at all in the liquid portion of the core. Corresponds to top of D``. [Wikipedia] guttenburg discontinuity soreag:InnerCore The solid inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel.[Wikipedia] inner core soreag:Laccolith #Aseismic laccolith soreag:LehmannDiscontinuity Boundary between Asthenosphere and Lithosphere. It is the discontinuity in seismic velocity near a depth of 220 km. It appears beneath continents, but not usually beneath oceans, and does not readily appear in globally-averaged studies [Wikipedia] lehmann discontinuity soreag:Lithosphere In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The division of Earth's outer layers into lithosphere and asthenosphere should not be confused with the chemical subdivision of the outer Earth into mantle, and crust. All crust is in the lithosphere, but lithosphere generally contains more mantle than crust. [Wikipedia] lithosphere soreag:Lopolith [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Lopoliths are generally concordant with the intruded strata with dike or funnel-shaped feeder bodies below the body. Lopoliths typically consist of large ultramafic to mafic layered intrusions that range in age from Archean to Eocene. [Wikipedia] lopolith soreag:LowerMantle Very little is known about the lower mantle apart from that it appears to be relatively seismically homogeneous. The lower mantle is under tremendous pressure and therefore has a higher viscosity than the upper mantle.[Wikipedia] lower mantle soreag:Mantle The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. Earth's mantle is an approximately 2,970 km thick (~1,800 mi) rocky shell that constitutes approximately 84 percent of Earth's volume. [Wikipedia] mantle soreag:Mesosphere The mesosphere refers to the mantle in the region between the asthenosphere and the outer core. The upper boundary is defined as the sharp increase in seismic wave velocities and density at a depth of 660 km. [Wikipedia] mesosphere soreag:Moho The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovi_i_ discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity. [Wikipedia] moho soreag:Mohorovi_i_Discontinuity mohorovicic discontinuity soreag:OuterCore The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. [Wikipedia] outer core soreag:PlutonicStructure plutonic structure soreag:SeismicZone Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] seismic zone soreag:Sill [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A sill is a tabular pluton that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or even along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. The term sill is synonymous with concordant intrusive sheet. This means that the sill does not cut across preexisting rocks, in contrast to dikes, which do cut across older rocks. [Wikipedia] sill soreag:SkinLayer skin layer soreag:SolidEarth solid earth soreag:Subsurface subsurface soreag:TransitionalCrust Transitional crust is crust that is thinned by the upwelling of mantle. [Wikipedia] transitional crust soreag:TransitionalLithosphere transitional lithosphere soreag:UpperMantle The mantle is divided into sections based upon results from seismology. The upper mantle is the region from 33–410 km (20 to 254 miles). The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust. [Wikipedia] upper mantle soreag:UpperMantleFlowing upper mantle flowing soreag:UpperMantleRigid The uppermost mantle plus overlying crust are relatively rigid and form the lithosphere, an irregular layer with a maximum thickness of perhaps 200 km. [Wikipedia] upper mantle rigid soreagb:BackArcBasin Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia] back arc basin soreagb:Basin basin soreagb:FlyschBasin Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rocks that is deposited in a deep marine facies in the foreland basin of a developing orogen. Flysch is formed under deep marine circumstances, in a quiet and low-energetic depositional environment. [Wikipedia] flysch basin soreagb:ForeArcBasin A forearc is a depression (basin) in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] fore arc basin soreagb:ForelandBasin A foreland basin is a depression that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. [Wikipedia] foreland basin soreagb:IntraArcBasin Intra-arc basins are basins that occur between Fore-arc basins and back-arc basins [Wikipedia] intra arc basin soreagb:IntracratonicBasin Intracratonic basins are formed by fluvial sedimentation of an intracratonic area which has undergone sediment sag-loading. [Wikipedia] intracratonic basin soreagb:PeripheralForelandBasin Peripheral (Pro) foreland basins occur on the plate that is subducted or underthrust during plate collision (i.e. the outer arc of the orogen). peripheral foreland basin soreagb:RetroarcForelandBasin Retroarc (Retro) foreland basins occur on the plate that overrides during plate convergence or collision (i.e. situated behind the magmatic arc that is linked with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere). [Wikipedia] retroarc foreland basin soreagb:SuccessorBasin Successor basins arise from shifting and merging of fore arc, back-arc and intra-arc basins. Basins or sequences that overlap terrane boundaries. [Wikipedia] successor basin soreagb:TranspressionalBasin Transpression basins are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] transpressional basin soreagb:TranstensionalBasin Transtension basins are oblique tensional environments where stretching takes place. [Wikipedia] transtensional basin soreagcons:ArmoredRelictInclusion An inclusion of an earlier rock that is prevented from further reaction in a later rock by a rim of reaction products. armored relict inclusion soreagcons:ArmouredRelictCrystal a crystal of an earlier rock that is prevented from further reaction in a later rock by a rim of reaction products armoured relict crystal soreagcons:Chadacryst the enclosed crystal in a poikolitic texture chadacryst soreagcons:ClastSupportingOrthomatrix Orthomatrix in matrix supported sedimentary rock. clast supporting orthomatrix soreagcons:Clot A cluster of ferromagnesian minerals in an igneous rock, from several centimeters to decimeters in diameter, that may be a segregation or an altered xenolith. clot soreagcons:Corona Constituent occurs as a concentric envelope enclosing another constituent. Corona is a non-genetic term. corona soreagcons:CorrosionRim A corona formed by a secondary mineral around an orginal igneous crystal, formed by modification of the crystal by the corrosive action of its parent magma. corrosion rim soreagcons:CrystallineFramework Constituent forms an interconnected network of discernible crystals. crystalline framework soreagcons:Dropstone An oversized stone in laminated sediment that depresses the underlying laminae and may be covered by -draped laminae. Most dropstones originate through ice-rafting; other sources are floating tree roots and kelp holdfasts.... dropstone soreagcons:Epimatrix A type of matrix consisting of inhomogeneous interstitial materials grown in originally open interstices during diagenesis, but lacking the homogeneity and clear textural evidence of pore-filling needed to classify as phyllosilicate cement. epimatrix soreagcons:FloatingClast Constituent is a clast that has no visible contacts with other clasts. Interpreted to be largely or completly immersed in matrix or cement. floating clast soreagcons:GranularFramework Constituent forms a rigid arrangement of particles that support one another at their points of contact...constituting a mechanically firm structure capable of supporting open pore spaces, although interstices may be occupied by cement or matrix granular framework soreagcons:Groundmass Constituent forms an interconnected network of material enclosing other constituents that are disguished by larger grain size. groundmass soreagcons:Inclusion A fragment of older material within an igneous rock to which it may or may not be genetically related. inclusion soreagcons:InterstitialConstituent Constituent is distributed through the material between other constituent particles interstitial constituent soreagcons:Irregular A constituent with irregular distribution and geometry, as in pseudobreccia or patch migmatite. irregular soreagcons:KelyphiticRim Corona that consists of concentric bands with radial fibrous texture. kelyphitic rim soreagcons:Layer A thin sheet compositionally distinct from the surrounding material, related to primary genesis of rock, e.g. sedimentary layers, metamorphic segregation. layer soreagcons:Matrix Constituent forms finer-grained material interstitial to a framework constituent. ‘The finer-grained material enclosing, or filling the interstices between, the larger grains or particles of a sediment or sedimentary rock....The term refers to the relative size and disposition of the particles, and no particular particle size is implied’ (Jackson, 1997, p. 393). May be classifiable into orthomatrix, protomatrix, epimatrix, pseudomatrix, and unclassified matrix. matrix soreagcons:Megacryst constituent occurs as a collection of particles that are characterized by average properties of the individual particles megacryst soreagcons:Oikocryst Constituent occurs as crystals that poikilitically enclose crystals of other phases in an igneous rock. oikocryst soreagcons:Orthomatrix A type of matrix consisting of recrystallized detrital lutum (clay fraction, less than 2 micron) or protomatrix. orthomatrix soreagcons:Overgrowth Constituent crystallized in crystallographic continuity with some other mineral constituent, typically quartz or calcite. In a clastic rock, commonly forms cement as well, but this should be represented using two role attribute links, 'overgrowth' and cement, because overgrowth does not necessarily imply cement. overgrowth soreagcons:ParticulateConstituent any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast. particulate constituent soreagcons:Phenoclast a relatively large and conspicuous fragment in a sediment or sedimentary rock phenoclast soreagcons:Phenocryst A phenocryst is a relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of a porphyritic igneous rock. Phenocrysts often have euhedral forms either due to early growth within a magma or by post-emplacement recrystallization. [Wikipedia] phenocryst soreagcons:Porphyroblast Constituent occurs as crystals formed by metamorphic crystallization, set in a finer-grained groundmass. porphyroblast soreagcons:Porphyroclast Relict crystal in metamorphic rock, in groundmass of relatively finer-grained material. Connotes that groundmass is result of tectonic reduction in grain size. porphyroclast soreagcons:Protomatrix A type of matrix consisting of un-recrystallized detrital clayey lutum (clay fraction, less than 2 micron) in weakly consolidated rocks. protomatrix soreagcons:Pseudomatrix A type of matrix consisting of soft deformable framework grains that are squeezed and flattened between stronger framework grains. pseudomatrix soreagcons:RockConstituent rock constituent soreagcons:SedimentaryRockCement A constituent that occupies space between individual grains of a consolidated sedimentary rock, and binds the grains together as a rigid, coherent mass; it may be derived from the sediment or its entrapped waters, or it may be brought in by solution from outside sources. Material is usually chemically precipitated (Jackson, 1997, p. 103). Distinguished from matrix by clearly secondary origin and generally monomineralic charactera sedimentary rock cement soreagcons:SmallConcretion A hard, compact mass or aggregate of mineral matter, normally subsperical but commonly oblate, disc-shaped or irregular. Formed by precipitation of mineral from solution in the pores of a granular rock, localized around a nucleus or center, to define a discrete, sharply separated object. Size ranges from cm to decimeter for application as a compoundMaterialConstituentPart; larger concretions should be considered GeologicUnit parts. small concretion soreagcons:StructuralConfiguration Constituent occurs in a structural configuration integral to the rock, such as layering, veinlets, overgrowths. The 'material' composition of these parts will often be other rock materials, not minerals, and 'ParticleGeometryDescription' associated with these describes the geometry of the constituent, not the particles the it is made of. These roles are mostly useful for RockMaterial descriptions that apply to individual samples, because their distribution is unlikely to be pervasive enought to be considered characteristic of a large mass of material. structural configuration soreagcons:Vein Thin sheet of material intruded into the rock. May be hydrothermal, magmatic, or sedimentary. vein soreagcons:Vug vug soreagcont:ActiveContinent A distinction of whether the continental margins are active (subducting). [Wikipedia] active continent soreagcont:ContinentalCrust The continental crust is typically from 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick, and it is mostly composed of less dense rocks, such as granite, than is the oceanic crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of the igneous rock, andesite.[Wikipedia] continental crust soreagcont:ContinentalLithosphere [Mechanical or Seismic Definition of Structure] In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The [Wikipedia] continental lithosphere soreagcont:ContinentalMargin The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. [Wikipedia] continental margin soreagcont:ContinentalPlatform The extensive central cratons of continents may consist of both shields and platforms, and the crystalline basement. A platform is that part of the craton for which the basement is overlain by horizontal or subhorizontal sediments. [Wikipedia] continental platform soreagcont:ContinentalRift A long, narrow fissure in the Earth marking a zone of the lithosphere that has become thinner due to extensional forces associated with plate teconics. Continental rifts are thousands of kilometers in length and hundreds of kilometers in width, and they are associated with normal faults and with grabens. [FreeDictionary] continental rift soreagcont:Craton A craton is an old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for at least 500 million years. Some are over two billion years old. Cratons are generally found in the interiors of continents and are characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement crust of lightweight felsic igneous rock such as granite. They have a thick crust and deep roots that extend into the mantle beneath to depths of 200 km. [Wikipedia] craton soreagcont:Shield The extensive central cratons of continents may consist of both shields and platforms, and the crystalline basement. A shield is that part of a craton in which the usually Precambrian basement rocks crop out extensively at the surface. [Wikipedia] shield soreagcont:StableContinent A distinction of whether the continental is on a stable paltform, i.e., over millions of years. [Wikipedia] stable continent soreagcont:Supercontinent In geology, a supercontinent is a land mass comprising more than one continental core, or craton. The assembly of cratons and accreted terranes that form Eurasia qualifies as a supercontinent today. supercontinent soreagor:Arc arc soreagor:ArcAxis In a Back-arc basin the arc axis is the line where spreading occurs on the overlying plate of the subduction zone. [Wikipedia] arc axis soreagor:BackArc Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia] back arc soreagor:ForeArc A forearc is a depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] fore arc soreagor:MagmaticArc magmatic arc soreagor:Orogen orogen soreagor:RearArc rear arc soreagor:RemnantArc The remnant arc is what is left on the rear side of the speading zone as athe basin broadens. [Wikipedia] remnant arc soreagor:RetroArc retro arc soreah:Aquiclude aquiclude soreah:Aquifer aquifer soreah:Aquifuge aquifuge soreah:Aquitard aquitard soreah:Bank bank soreah:CascadingWater cascading water soreah:ConeOfDepression cone of depression soreah:ConeOfImpression cone of impression soreah:ConfinedAquifer confined aquifer soreah:ConfinedBed confined bed soreah:ConfinedUnit confined unit soreah:ConfinedZone confined zone soreah:Dike dike soreah:Dyke dyke soreah:Embankment embankment soreah:FloodBank flood bank soreah:GroundwaterLevel groundwater level soreah:HydrosphereFeature hydrosphere feature soreah:Levee levee soreah:PotentiometricSurface An imaginary surface representing the static head of groundwater and defined by the level to which water will rise in a tightly cased well. potentiometric surface soreah:RaisedBank raised bank soreah:SaturatedZone saturated zone soreah:SeepageFace A boundary between the saturated flow field and the atmosphere along which groundwater discharges, either by evaporation or movement ‘downhill’ along the land surface or in a well as a thin film in response to the force of gravity. seepage face soreah:SurfaceWater surface water soreah:UnconfinedAquifer unconfined aquifer soreah:UndergroundWater underground water soreah:UnsaturatedZone unsaturated zone soreah:VadoseZone vadose zone soreah:WarmPool warm pool soreah:WaterColumn water column soreah:WaterTable The water table or phreatic surface is the surface where the water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. A sustainable amount of water within a unit of sediment or rock, below the water table, in the phreatic zone is called an aquifer. The ability of the aquifer to store groundwater is dependent on the primary and secondary porosity and permeability water table soreah:WaterTableAquifer water table aquifer soreahb:Aqueduct aqueduct soreahb:Arroyo arroyo soreahb:BarrierLagoon barrier lagoon soreahb:Basin basin soreahb:Bay bay soreahb:BlanketBog blanket bog soreahb:BodyOfWater body of water soreahb:Bog bog soreahb:Bolson bolson soreahb:Canal canal soreahb:CarbonateCompensationLevel carbonate compensation level soreahb:Channel In physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. A channel is also the natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water. It is especially used as a Nautical term to mean the dredged and marked lane of safe travel which a cognizant governmental entity guarantees to have a minimum depth across its specified minimum width to all vessels transiting a body of water. The term not only includes the deep-dredged ship-navigable parts of an estuary or river leading to port facilities, but also to lesser channels accessing boat port-facilities such as marinas. When dredged channels traverse bay mud or sandy bottoms, repeated dredging is often necessary because of the unstable subsequent movement of benthic soils. channel soreahb:CheckDam check dam 2019-08-18 A check dam is a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale, drainage ditch, or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water flow velocity. Check dams themselves are not a type of new technology; rather, they are an ancient technique dating all the way back to the second century A.D. Check dams are typically, though not always, implemented as a system of several check dams situated at regular intervals across the area of interest. soreahb:Creek creek soreahb:Dam dam 2019-08-18 A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. soreahb:Estuary An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries are often associated with high rates of biological productivity. An estuary is where the river meets the sea. An estuary is typically the tidal mouth of a river, and estuaries are often characterized by sedimentation or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff and, frequently, from offshore. They are made up of brackish water. Estuaries are more likely to occur on submerged coasts, where the sea level has risen in relation to the land; this process floods valleys to form rias and fjords. These can become estuaries if there is a stream or river flowing into them. estuary soreahb:Fiord fiord soreahb:Fjord A fjord (or fiord) is a long, narrow estuary with steep sides, made when a glacial valley is filled by rising sea water levels. The seeds of a fjord are laid when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley through abrasion of the surrounding bedrock by the sediment it carries. Many such valleys were formed during recent ice age when the sea was at a much lower level than it is today. At the end of the ice age, the climate warmed up again and glaciers retreated. Sea level rose due to an influx of water from melting ice sheets and glaciers around the world (it rose over 100 m after the last ice age), inundating the vacated valleys with seawater to form fjords. fjord soreahb:FreshwaterLake freshwater lake soreahb:HotSpring 2019-07-19 geothermal spring A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death. hot spring soreahb:Inlet An inlet is a narrow body between islands or leading inland from a larger body of water, often leading to an enclosed body of water, such as a sound, bay, lagoon or marsh. In sea coasts an inlet usually refers to the actual connection between a bay and the ocean and is often called an entrance. inlet soreahb:Lagoon A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. Thus, the enclosed body of water behind a barrier reef or barrier islands or enclosed by an atoll reef is called a lagoon. Lagoon refers to both coastal lagoons formed by the build-up of sandbanks or reefs along shallow coastal waters, and the lagoons in atolls, formed by the growth of coral reefs on slowly sinking central islands. Lagoons that are fed by freshwater streams are also called estuaries lagoon soreahb:Lake lake soreahb:Marsh In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous inundation. Typically a marsh features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. A marsh is different from a swamp, which has a greater proportion of open water surface, and is generally deeper than a marsh. In North America, the term swamp is used for wetland dominated by trees rather than grasses and low herbs marsh soreahb:Mouth mouth soreahb:Peatland Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands, variously called bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests peatland soreahb:Pond pond soreahb:RaisedBog raised bog soreahb:Reservoir reservoir soreahb:River A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier river soreahb:SeaSurface sea surface soreahb:Sound sound soreahb:Spring A spring is a point where groundwater flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface. Dependent upon the constancy of the water source (rainfall or snowmelt that infiltrates the earth), a spring may be ephemeral (intermittent) or perennial (continuous). spring soreahb:Strait strait soreahb:Stream A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography stream soreahb:Swamp A swamp is a wetland that features temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, and covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation.The water of a swamp may be fresh water or salt water. A swamp is also generally defined as having no substantial peat deposits. swamp soreahb:ValleyBog valley bog soreahb:WaterBodyBoundary water body boundary soreahb:Wetland In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. wetland soreala:Aeolian Aeolian (or Eolian or Æolian) processes pertain to the activity of the winds and more specifically, to the winds' ability to shape the surface of the Earth and other planets. Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials, and are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. [Wikipedia] aeolian soreala:AeolianLandform aeolian landform soreala:Barchan barchan soreala:Desert A desert is a landscape form or region that receives very little precipitation. desert soreala:Dune A dune is a hill of sand built by eolian processes. Dunes are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind. Most kinds of dune are longer on the windward side where the sand is pushed up the dune, and a shorter slip face in the lee of the wind. The valley or trough between dunes is called a slack. A dune field is an area covered by extensive sand dunes. Large dune fields are known as ergs. dune soreala:Eolian eolian soreala:Erg erg soreala:HighDesert high desert soreala:SandDune sand dune soreala:Seif seif soreala:Slack slack soreala:SlipFace slip face soreala:Yardang yardang sorealc:Atoll atoll sorealc:Bar bar sorealc:BarrierIsland barrier island sorealc:Beach A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach. beach sorealc:Coastal coastal sorealc:CoastalLandform coastal landform sorealc:CoastalMargin coastal margin sorealc:CoastalPlain coastal plain sorealc:CoastalRegion coastal region sorealc:Cove cove sorealc:Delta A delta is a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary, lake or another river. It builds up sediment outwards into the flat area which the river's flow encounters (as a deltaic deposit) transported by the water and set down as the currents slow. Deltaic deposits of larger, heavily-laden rivers are characterized by the main channel dividing amongst often substantial land masses into multiple streams known as distributaries. These divide and come together again to form a maze of active and inactive channels. delta sorealc:DeltaBar delta bar sorealc:Harbor harbor sorealc:Hinterland hinterland sorealc:Intertidal intertidal sorealc:IntertidalZone The intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, for example, the area between tide marks. intertidal zone sorealc:Island island sorealc:IslandArc island arc sorealc:Isthmus isthmus sorealc:Key key sorealc:Littoral littoral sorealc:LittoralZone littoral zone sorealc:MudFlat mud flat sorealc:Riparian A riparian zone is the interface between land and a flowing surface water body. Plant communities along the river margins are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants. Riparian zones are significant in ecology, environmental management, and civil engineering due to their role in soil conservation, their biodiversity, and the influence they have on aquatic ecosystems. Riparian zones occur in many forms including grassland, woodland, wetland or even non-vegetative. In some regions the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone or riparian strip are used to characterize a riparian zone. riparian sorealc:RiparianZone riparian zone sorealc:Shoal A shoal is a somewhat linear landform within or extending into a body of water, typically comprised of sand, silt or small pebbles. Alternatively termed sandbar or sandbank, a bar is characteristically long and narrow (linear) and develops where a stream or ocean current promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. Alternatively a bar may separate a lake from the sea, as in the case of an ayre. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. shoal sorealc:Shore A shore or shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. shore sorealc:ShorePlatform shore platform sorealc:Shoreline shoreline sorealc:Spit spit sorealc:Supratidal supratidal sorealc:Terracette terracette sorealc:Tidal tidal sorealc:TidePool tide pool sorealc:Tombolo tombolo sorealc:Updrift updrift sorealc:WaveAttackZone wave attack zone sorealc:WaveCutPlatform wave cut platform sorealf:Alluvial The process of depositing soil or sediments by a river or other running water. [Wikipedia] alluvial sorealf:AlluvialFan alluvial fan sorealf:AlluvialPlain alluvial plain sorealf:Bajada bajada sorealf:Bedform bedform sorealf:Canyon A canyon, or gorge, is a deep valley between cliffs often carved from the landscape by a river. Most canyons were formed by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level. [Wikipedia] canyon sorealf:Catchment A catchment, or drainage basin, is an extent of land where water from precipitation drains into a body of water [Wikipedia] catchment sorealf:Cave cave sorealf:DrainageBasin drainage basin sorealf:DryLake dry lake sorealf:FloodPlain flood plain sorealf:FluvialLandform fluvial landform sorealf:FluvialPlain fluvial plain sorealf:Gorge gorge sorealf:Gulley gulley gully true sorealf:KarstLandform Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] karst landform sorealf:LacustrinePlain lacustrine plain sorealf:PiedmontSlope piedmont slope sorealf:Playa playa sorealf:Ripple ripple sorealf:RiverBed river bed sorealf:Sabkha sabkha sorealf:SaltFlat salt flat sorealf:SaltLake salt lake sorealf:ScrollPlain scroll plain sorealf:Trench A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground. Trenches are generally defined by being deeper than they are wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and by being narrow compared to their length (as opposed to a simple hole). Trenches are a natural feature in many landscapes. Some are created by rivers in flow (which may have long since fallen dry), others are features created by geological movement, such as oceanic trenches. The latter form is relatively deep, linear and narrow, and is formed by plate subduction. [Wikipedia] trench sorealf:Tunnel tunnel sorealf:Turbidite turbidite sorealf:Valley A valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. [Wikipedia] valley sorealf:Wall wall sorealf:Wash wash sorealf:Watershed A watershed refers to a divide that separates one drainage area from another drainage area. However, in the US and Canada, the term is often used to mean a drainage basin or catchment area itself. [Wikipedia] watershed sorealg:Arete A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. arete sorealg:Cirque An amphitheatre-like valley head, formed at the head of a valley glacier by erosion. cirque sorealg:Esker A long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions. esker sorealg:GlacialLandform glacial landform sorealg:GlacialMoraine glacial moraine sorealg:GlacialOutwashPlain glacial outwash plain sorealg:GlacialPlain glacial plain sorealg:Kame An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depresson on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited with further melting.[Wikipedia] kame sorealg:Moraine Any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions. moraine sorealg:OutwashFan A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams of meltwater and deposits on the outwash plain at the terminus of the glacier. outwash fan sorealg:RockGlacier Rock glaciers are distinctive geomorphological landforms of blocky detritus which may extend outward and downslope from talus cones or from glaciers or the terminal moraines of glaciers. [Wikipedia] rock glacier sorealg:Sandur A glacial outwash plain formed of sediments deposited by meltwater at the terminus of a glacier. sandur sorealg:Thermokarst A land surface characterised by very irregular surfaces of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed as ice-rich permafrost thaws. thermokarst sorealg:Till till sorealg:TillPlain An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. till plain sorealg:UShapedValley u shaped valley sorealo:Alpine Alpine region is one above the tree line. [Wikipedia] alpine sorealo:Bluff bluff sorealo:Butte butte sorealo:Cliff cliff sorealo:Foothill foothill sorealo:Hill A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill). A hillock is a small hill. [Wikipedia] hill sorealo:Hummock hummock sorealo:Mesa mesa sorealo:Mountain mountain sorealo:MountainRange mountain range sorealo:MountainRegion mountain region sorealo:NonOrographic non orographic sorealo:Orographic orographic sorealo:Orography orography sorealo:Pass pass sorealo:Plateau plateau sorealo:Protrusion protrusion sorealo:Ridge ridge sorealo:Summit summit sorealo:Talus A slope formed at the base of a steeper slope, made of fallen and disintegrated materials. talus sorealo:TopographicalRegion topographical region sorealo:Ubac The shady (usually poleward) side of a mountain. ubac sorealp:CityPark city park sorealp:CountyPark county park sorealp:LandReserve land reserve sorealp:MPA mpa sorealp:MarineProtectedArea marine protected area sorealp:NationalForest national forest sorealp:NationalMonument national monument sorealp:NationalPark national park sorealp:Park park sorealp:Parkland parkland sorealp:StateForest state forest sorealp:StatePark state park sorealp:WaterReserve water reserve sorealp:WildlifeRefuge wildlife refuge sorealt:AseismicRidge Are neighboring ridges on different tectonic plates which have similar seismic characteristics. ‘Based on similar seismic velocity gradients of the lavas of the Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelos Ridges there is evidence that the hotspot activity has been the result of a single long mantle melt rather than multiple periods of activity and dormancy.’ [Wikipedia] aseismic ridge sorealt:ConvergentBoundary In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary or convergent plate boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide and where crust is being destroyed. [Wikipedia] convergent boundary sorealt:ConvergentMargin convergent margin sorealt:ConvergentPlateBoundary convergent plate boundary sorealt:Diapir diapir sorealt:DivergentBoundary In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia] divergent boundary sorealt:DivergentPlateBoundary divergent plate boundary sorealt:FaultZone fault zone sorealt:FloodBasalt A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Flood basalts have occurred on continental scales (large igneous provinces) in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. [Wikipedia] flood basalt sorealt:Footwall footwall sorealt:FossilPlateBoundary Are where similar plant and animal fossils are found around different continent shores, suggesting that they were once joined. [Wikipedia] fossil plate boundary sorealt:FractureZone A fracture zone is a linear oceanic feature--often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long--resulting from the action of offset mid-ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics. Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions; here, strike-slip activity is possible. Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis; seismically inactive (because both plate segments are moving in the same direction), they display evidence of past transform fault activity. fracture zone sorealt:HangingWall hanging wall sorealt:LIP lip sorealt:LargeIgneousProvince large igneous province sorealt:Ophiolite An Ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted or emplaced to be exposed within continental crustal rocks. [Wikipedia] ophiolite sorealt:PairedMetamorphicBelt A location where belts of high pressure, low temperature metamorphism on the oceanic side are associated with belts of high pressure, high temperature metamorphism on the continent side. [Wikipedia] paired metamorphic belt sorealt:Plate plate sorealt:PlateBoundary The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. it is often a broad zone where the plate interactions are not well understood. [Wikipedia] plate boundary sorealt:Rift A rift is a place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart[1] and is an example of extensional tectonics. [Wikipedia] rift sorealt:RiftValley A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. [Wikipedia] rift valley sorealt:StressRegime Stress regimes are shear zones. A shear zone or shear is a wide zone of distributed shearing in rock. Typically this is a type of fault but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form zones of much more intense foliation, deformation, and folding. [Wikipedia] stress regime sorealt:SubductionZone A subduction zone is an area on Earth where two tectonic plates move towards one another and subduction occurs. [Wikipedia] subduction zone sorealt:SupraSubductionZoneComplex There is increasing evidence that most ophiolites are generated when subduction begins and thus represent fragments of fore-arc lithosphere. This led to introduction of the term ‘supra-subduction zone’ (SSZ) ophiolite in the 1980s to acknowledge that some ophiolites are more closely related to island arcs than ocean ridges. [Wikipedia] supra subduction zone complex sorealt:Suture A suture is where a fragment of crustal material is accreted to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia] suture sorealt:TectonicLandform tectonic landform sorealt:ThrustSystem A thrust fault system is one in which the higher side of the fault moves upward. [Wikipedia] thrust system sorealt:TransformBoundary A transform plate boundary is where two lithospheric plates slide past each other and where crust is neither produced or destroyed. [Wikipedia] transform boundary sorealt:TransformFault transform fault sorealt:TransformMargin transform margin sorealt:TransformPlateBoundary transform plate boundary sorealt:TranspressionalStressRegime Transpression regimes are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] transpressional stress regime sorealt:TranstensionalStressRegime Transtension regimes are oblique tensional environments where stretching takes place. [Wikipedia] transtensional stress regime sorealt:TripleJunction The Galapagos Triple Junction is a geological area in the eastern Pacific Ocean several hundred miles west of the Galapagos Islands where three tectonic plates - the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate - meet. [Wikipedia] triple junction sorealv:Caldera caldera sorealv:CentralVolcano A volcano constructed by the ejection of debris and lava flows from a central point, forming a more or less symmetrical volcano. central volcano sorealv:CompositeVolcano composite volcano sorealv:CompoundVolcano A volcano that consists of a complex of two or more vents, or a volcano that has an associated volcanic dome, either in its crater or on its flanks. compound volcano sorealv:Fumarole fumarole sorealv:Geothermal In geology, geothermal refers to heat sources within the planet. Strictly speaking, geo-thermal necessarily refers to the Earth but the concept may be applied to other planets. Geothermal is technically an adjective (e.g., geothermal energy) but in U.S. English the word has attained frequent use as a noun (otherwise expressed as g. heat, g. source, or geotherm). The planet's internal heat was originally generated during its accretion, due to gravitational binding energy, and since then additional heat has continued to be generated by the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, thorium, and potassium. The heat flow from the interior to the surface is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun. geothermal sorealv:Geyser geyser sorealv:HotSpot In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. [Wikipedia] hot spot sorealv:LavaPlain lava plain sorealv:LinearVolcanicChain Where this association of flood basalts with continental rifting is observed, it is not uncommon to find linear chains of volcanic islands [Wikipedia] linear volcanic chain sorealv:Monogenetic A volcano built by a single eruption. monogenetic sorealv:ShieldVolcano shield volcano sorealv:Stratovolcano A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material. stratovolcano sorealv:SubaqueousVolcano subaqueous volcano sorealv:SubmarineVolcano submarine volcano sorealv:Tumulus A doming or small mound on the crest of a lava flow caused by pressure due to the difference in the rate of flow between the cooler crust and the more fluid lava below. tumulus sorealv:Vent vent sorealv:VolcanicArc volcanic arc sorealv:VolcanicChain Island arcs that develop along the edges of a continent (for example, large parts of the Andes/ Central American/ Canadian mountain chain) may be known as a volcanic arc or volcanic chain. [Wikipedia] volcanic chain sorealv:VolcanicField A volcanic field is a spot of the earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. They usually contain 10 to 100 volcanoes, such as cinder cones and are usually in clusters. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field. [Wikipedia] volcanic field sorealv:VolcanicSystem volcanic system sorealv:Volcano A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia] volcano soreal:CentralCreekCrater central creek crater soreal:ComplexCrater complex crater soreal:Continent A continent is one of several large landmasses. [Wikipedia] continent soreal:Crater crater soreal:DebrisBasin debris basin soreal:DeflationZone deflation zone soreal:Dryland dryland soreal:Field Field (agriculture), an area of land used to cultivate crops, or to keep livestock [Wikipedia] field soreal:Highland highland soreal:ImpactBasin impact basin soreal:ImpactCrater impact crater soreal:Lamination lamination soreal:Land land soreal:LandCover Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. [Wikipedia] land cover soreal:LandRegion land region soreal:LandSurface land surface soreal:Landform A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. landform soreal:Landscape A landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land, including physical elements such as landforms, living elements of flora and fauna, abstract elements such as lighting and weather conditions, and human elements, for instance human activity or the built environment. Landscape may also signify the objects around one in a building. landscape soreal:Lowland lowland soreal:Mare mare soreal:PedestalCrater pedestal crater soreal:PitCrater pit crater soreal:Plain plain soreal:Prarie prarie soreal:RockyPitFloorCrater rocky pit floor crater soreal:ShatterCone shatter cone soreal:Spall spall soreal:SurfaceRegion surface region soreao:Abyss abyss soreao:Abyssal abyssal soreao:AbyssopelagicZone abyssopelagic zone soreao:AphoticZone The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from other zones. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. aphotic zone soreao:BarrierLayer The depth range, where it exists, between the bottom of the oceanic surface mixed layer and the thermocline, usually at a depth between 30 and 80 m. barrier layer soreao:Bathyal bathyal soreao:BathypelagicZone bathypelagic zone soreao:BenthicZone Benthic means anything associated with or happening on the bottom of a body of water. The Benthic Zone of the ocean is the bottom ocean zone ranging from the deepest parts of the ocean to the tidal affected areas. The most productive region of the benthic zone is the area over the continental margin, which is unaffected by the tides. benthic zone soreao:DemersalZone The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone. demersal zone soreao:EuphoticZone euphotic zone soreao:Hadal hadal soreao:Halocline In oceanography, a Halocline is a strong, vertical salinity gradient. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification. halocline soreao:LimneticZone The limnetic zone is the well-lit, open surface waters farther from shore in a lake. It is surrounded by the littoral zone and above the profundal zone limnetic zone soreao:MesopelagicZone mesopelagic zone soreao:MixedLayer mixed layer soreao:NeriticZone neritic zone soreao:OceanRegion ocean region soreao:OpenOcean open ocean soreao:PelagicSubZone pelagic sub zone soreao:PelagicZone The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast. pelagic zone soreao:PhoticZone The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the euphotic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity. photic zone soreao:Polynya A polynya is any non-linear area of open water surrounded by sea ice. It is now used as geographical term for areas of sea in Arctic or Antarctic regions which remain unfrozen for much of the year. polynya soreao:ProfundalZone The profundal zone is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone. profundal zone soreao:Pycnocline A pycnocline is a layer across which there is a rapid change in water density with depth. In freshwater environments such as lakes this density change is primarily caused by water temperature, while in seawater environments such as oceans the density change may be caused by changes in water temperature and/or salinity pycnocline soreao:Thermocline The thermocline (sometimes metalimnion) is a layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. thermocline soreao:WaterBodyLayer water body layer soreaofe:EarthEasternBoundaryCurrent earth eastern boundary current soreaofe:EarthOcean earth ocean soreaofe:EarthOceanCurrent earth ocean current soreaofe:EarthWesternBoundaryCurrent earth western boundary current soreaofe:KamchatkaCurrent The western part of the subpolar gyre in the deep (western) part of the Bering Sea. kamchatka current soreaofe:OceanArea ocean area soreaofe:OceanDepth ocean depth soreaofe:OceanVolume ocean volume soreaofe:YellowSeaWarmCurrent A surface current flowing northward along the central axis of the Yellow Sea. yellow sea warm current soreaofl:AbyssalHill abyssal hill soreaofl:AbyssalPlain abyssal plain soreaofl:AbyssalTrench abyssal trench soreaofl:AlgalFlat algal flat soreaofl:ColdSeep cold seep soreaofl:ContinentalRise continental rise soreaofl:ContinentalShelf continental shelf soreaofl:ContinentalSlope continental slope soreaofl:DeepOceanBasin deep ocean basin soreaofl:DeepSeaTrench deep sea trench soreaofl:Guyot guyot soreaofl:HydrothermalVent A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. hydrothermal vent soreaofl:MidOceanRidge A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean, making the mid-oceanic ridge system the longest mountain range in the world. mid ocean ridge soreaofl:OceanFloor ocean floor soreaofl:OceanRidge ocean ridge soreaofl:OceanicPlateau oceanic plateau soreaofl:Reef In nautical terminology, a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water yet shallow enough to be a hazard to ships. Many reefs result from abiotic processes—deposition of sand, wave erosion planning down rock outcrops, and other natural processes—but the best-known reefs are the coral reefs of tropical waters developed through biotic processes dominated by corals and calcareous algae reef soreaofl:SeaFloor sea floor soreaofl:Seabed seabed soreaofl:Seamount A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. These are typically formed from extinct volcanoes, that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. They are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of meters below the surface, and are therefore considered to be within the deep sea.[1] An estimated 30,000 seamounts occur across the globe, with only a few having been studied. However, some seamounts are also unusual. seamount soreaofl:SubmarineCanyon A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. They are formed by powerful turbidity currents, volcanic and earthquake activity. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. submarine canyon sorear:Austral austral sorear:Borealis borealis sorear:LatitudeBand latitude band sorear:LatitudeLine latitude line 0 sorear:NorthLatitudeBand north latitude band sorear:NorthLatitudeLine north latitude line 90 sorear:NorthernHemisphere northern hemisphere 0 sorear:SouthLatitudeBand south latitude band sorear:SouthLatitudeLine south latitude line -90 sorear:SouthernHemisphere southern hemisphere soreas:A_Horizon a horizon soreas:ActiveLayer active layer soreas:Alfisol alfisol soreas:Andisol andisol soreas:Aridisol aridisol soreas:B_Horizon b horizon soreas:C_Horizon c horizon soreas:Cryosol cryosol soreas:Entisol entisol soreas:Gelisol Gelisols are soils of very cold climates which are defined as containing permafrost within two metres of the soil surface. The word Gelisol comes from the Latin gelare meaning to freeze, a reference to the process of cryoturbation that occurs from the alternating thawing and freezing characteristic of Gelisols. gelisol soreas:Ground ground soreas:Histisol histisol soreas:Inceptisol inceptisol soreas:Mollisol mollisol soreas:O_Horizon o horizon soreas:OrganicMatter organic matter soreas:Oxisol oxisol soreas:P_Horizon p horizon soreas:Paleosol paleosol soreas:ParentRock parent rock soreas:Permafrost permafrost soreas:Regolith regolith soreas:SoilHorizon soil horizon soreas:SoilLayer soil layer soreas:SoilOrder soil order soreas:Spodosol spodosol soreas:Subsoil subsoil soreas:Substrata substrata soreas:Substratum substratum soreas:SurfaceSoil surface soil soreas:Talik talik soreas:Topsoil topsoil soreas:Ultisol ultisol soreas:Vertisol vertisol sorep:CardinalScale cardinal scale sorep:CategoricalScale categorical scale sorep:Component component sorep:Coordinate coordinate sorep:CoordinateSystem coordinate system sorep:Coordinates coordinates 1 2 3 sorep:D sorep:DependentVariable Any variable considered as a function of other variables, the latter being called independent. dependent variable sorep:Dimension In common usage, a dimension is a parameter or measurement used to describe some relevant characteristic of an object. The most commonly used dimensions are the parameters describing the size of an object: length, width, and height, but dimensions can also be other physical parameters such as the mass and electric charge of an object, or even, in a context where cost is relevant, an economic parameter such as its price. dimension sorep:IndependentVariable independent variable sorep:IntervalScale interval scale sorep:Knowledge knowledge sorep:LogarithmicScale logarithmic scale sorep:Measurement measurement sorep:MeasurementScale measurement scale sorep:OrdinalScale ordinal scale sorep:Qualitative qualitative sorep:QuantitativeScale quantitative scale sorep:RatioScale ratio scale sorep:ReferenceFrame reference frame sorep:Representation representation sorep:Scale scale sorepdf:ByteOrder byte order sorepdf:File file sorepdf:Format format sorepdf:Header header sorepdf:SelfDescribingFormat self describing format sorepdm:Array array sorepdm:Cell cell sorepdm:Character character sorepdm:Column column sorepdm:DataModel data model sorepdm:DataStructure data structure sorepdm:Delimiter delimiter sorepdm:Field field sorepdm:Grid grid sorepdm:Increment increment sorepdm:Parameter parameter sorepdm:Point point sorepdm:Raster raster sorepdm:ReducedGrid reduced grid sorepdm:Resolution resolution sorepdm:Row row sorepdm:SpatialRepresentation spatial representation sorepdm:Structure structure sorepdm:Swath swath sorepdm:Swath_2D swath 2d sorepdm:Swath_3D swath 3d sorepdm:TemporalRepresentation temporal representation sorepdm:Trajectory trajectory sorepdm:Vector vector sorepdp:Archive archive sorepdp:Archiving archiving sorepdp:CDR cdr sorepdp:ClimateDataRecord climate data record sorepdp:Collection collection sorepdp:Curate curate sorepdp:Curation curation sorepdp:Data data sorepdp:DataProduct data product sorepdp:Dataset dataset sorepdp:ESDR esdr sorepdp:EarthScienceDataRecord earth science data record sorepdp:Ensemble ensemble sorepdp:FillValue fill value sorepdp:Granule granule sorepdp:Image image sorepdp:Layer layer sorepdp:MaximumValid maximum valid sorepdp:MinimumValid minimum valid sorepdp:MissingValue missing value sorepdp:Offset offset sorepdp:Profile profile sorepdp:ScaleFactor scale factor sorepdp:Scaling scaling sorepdp:Value value sorepdp:Version version sorepds:Access access sorepds:Accessing accessing sorepds:Compression compression sorepds:CompressionMethod compression method sorepds:DataService data service sorepds:DataSynchronization data synchronization sorepds:Discover discover sorepds:Discovery discovery sorepds:DiscoveryService discovery service sorepds:FormatConversion format conversion sorepds:InterfaceProtocol interface protocol sorepds:PostProcessing post processing sorepds:PreProcessing pre processing sorepds:Reformat reformat sorepds:Reformatting reformatting sorepdsa:Animate animate sorepdsa:Animation animation sorepdsa:Assimilate assimilate sorepdsa:Assimilation assimilation sorepdsa:AssociationRuleLearning association rule learning sorepdsa:Classification classification sorepdsa:Classifier classifier sorepdsa:Classify classify sorepdsa:Cluster cluster sorepdsa:Clustering clustering sorepdsa:DataAnalysisService data analysis service sorepdsa:Filter filter sorepdsa:Fit fit sorepdsa:Fitting fitting sorepdsa:FourierAnalysis fourier analysis sorepdsa:FourierTransform fourier transform sorepdsa:FrequencyDomainAnalysis frequency domain analysis sorepdsa:Interpolate interpolate sorepdsa:Interpolation interpolation sorepdsa:InterpolationMethod interpolation method sorepdsa:KnowledgeDiscovery knowledge discovery sorepdsa:Overlay overlay sorepdsa:Parameterize parameterize sorepdsa:Plot plot sorepdsa:PowerSpectrum power spectrum sorepdsa:Reanalysis reanalysis sorepdsa:Reanalyze reanalyze sorepdsa:Reconstruct reconstruct sorepdsa:Reconstruction reconstruction sorepdsa:Scattergram scattergram sorepdsa:SpectralAnalysis spectral analysis sorepdsa:SpectralSynthesis spectral synthesis sorepdsa:Spectrum spectrum sorepdsa:SphericalHarmonicAnalysis spherical harmonic analysis sorepdsa:Superimpose superimpose sorepdsa:TimeSeries time series sorepdsa:Train train sorepdsa:Training training sorepdsa:Visualization visualization sorepdsa:Visualize visualize sorepdsa:WaveletAnalysis wavelet analysis sorepdsg:Buffer buffer sorepdsg:Clip clip sorepdsg:CoordinateTransformation A conversion from one coordinate system to another, for example to a common spatial grid. coordinate transformation sorepdsg:Gazetteer gazetteer sorepdsg:Generalization generalization sorepdsg:Geocode geocode sorepdsg:Geolocate geolocate sorepdsg:Geolocation geolocation sorepdsg:Georeference georeference sorepdsg:Georeferencing georeferencing sorepdsg:GeospatialInterfaceProtocol geospatial interface protocol 1 sorepdsg:GeospatialService geospatial service sorepdsg:Gridding gridding sorepdsg:LBS lbs sorepdsg:LocationBasedService location based service sorepdsg:Map map sorepdsg:Mapping mapping sorepdsg:Proximity proximity sorepdsg:Regrid regrid sorepdsg:Regridding regridding sorepdsr:Binning binning sorepdsr:DataMining data mining sorepdsr:DataReductionService data reduction service sorepdsr:Mining mining sorepdsr:Normalization normalization sorepdsr:Normalize normalize sorepdsr:ParameterSubset parameter subset sorepdsr:SpatialSubset spatial subset sorepdsr:Subsample subsample sorepdsr:Subset subset sorepdsr:TemporalSubset temporal subset sorepdsv:Acceptance acceptance sorepdsv:BinaryMask binary mask sorepdsv:Calibrate calibrate sorepdsv:Calibration calibration sorepdsv:Certificate certificate sorepdsv:Copyright copyright sorepdsv:DataCleaning data cleaning sorepdsv:Encoding encoding sorepdsv:Encryption encryption sorepdsv:Intercalibration intercalibration sorepdsv:Key key sorepdsv:Mask mask sorepdsv:PixelScreening pixel screening sorepdsv:QualityScreening quality screening sorepdsv:SecurityMethod security method sorepdsv:Signature signature sorepdsv:Validation validation sorepdsv:ValidationEvidence validation evidence sorepdsv:Verification verification sorepdsv:Verify verify sorepm:Array array sorepm:Bag bag sorepm:Collection collection sorepm:Constant constant sorepm:Container container sorepm:Equation An equation is a mathematical statement, in symbols, that two things are exactly the same (or equivalent). [Wikipedia] equation sorepm:Exponent exponent sorepm:FuzzyPoint fuzzy point sorepm:FuzzySet fuzzy set sorepm:Inequality inequality 1 sorepm:Interval interval sorepm:Matrix matrix sorepm:Multiset multiset sorepm:Neighborhood neighborhood sorepm:NumericalEntity numerical entity sorepm:Order order 1 1 sorepm:OrderedPair ordered pair 1 1 1 sorepm:OrderedTriple ordered triple 0 sorepm:Point point sorepm:Relation In mathematics, the concept of a relation is a generalization of 2-place relations, such as the relation of equality, less than, greater than, etc.. [Wikipedia] relation sorepm:Scalar scalar sorepm:Seq seq sorepm:Sequence sequence sorepm:Set set sorepm:Tensor tensor sorepm:UnorderedPair unordered pair sorepm:Variable variable sorepm:Vector Any quantity, such as force, velocity, or acceleration, that has both magnitude and direction at each point in space, as opposed to a scalar that has magnitude only. vector sorepm:Vector_3D vector 3d sorepm:Window window sorepmf:Affine affine sorepmf:AlgebraicFunction algebraic function sorepmf:BSpline b spline sorepmf:BasisFunction basis function sorepmf:BinaryFunction binary function sorepmf:Bivariate bivariate sorepmf:BoxCar box car sorepmf:ChiSquare chi square sorepmf:ChiSquareDistribution chi square distribution sorepmf:Continuity continuity sorepmf:Continuous continuous sorepmf:Cosine cosine 3 sorepmf:Cubic cubic sorepmf:CubicSpline cubic spline sorepmf:Dirac dirac sorepmf:Discontinuity discontinuity sorepmf:Discontinuous A point in the range of a function at which it is undefined or not continuous [Wiktionary] discontinuous sorepmf:Discrete discrete sorepmf:DiscreteFunction discrete function sorepmf:DistributionFunction distribution function sorepmf:ExponentialDecay exponential decay sorepmf:ExponentialFunction exponential function sorepmf:ExponentialGrowth exponential growth sorepmf:Field field sorepmf:Filter filter sorepmf:Function function sorepmf:Horizon horizon sorepmf:Kernel kernel 1 sorepmf:Linear linear sorepmf:Logarithmic logarithmic sorepmf:Logistic logistic sorepmf:MaxwellBoltzmannDistribution maxwell boltzmann distribution sorepmf:Nonlinear nonlinear sorepmf:Normal normal sorepmf:NormalDistribution normal distribution sorepmf:NormalizedFunction normalized function sorepmf:OptimizationFunction optimization function sorepmf:Polynomial polynomial sorepmf:PowerFunction power function sorepmf:PowerLaw power law sorepmf:ProbabilityDensityFunction probability density function sorepmf:ProbabilityDistributionFunction probability distribution function sorepmf:Profile profile 2 sorepmf:Quadratic quadratic 4 sorepmf:Quartic quartic sorepmf:RadialBasisFunction radial basis function sorepmf:ScalarField scalar field sorepmf:ScalarFunction scalar function sorepmf:Sin sin sorepmf:SquareWave square wave sorepmf:Step step sorepmf:TensorField tensor field sorepmf:TensorFunction tensor function sorepmf:TranscendentalFunction transcendental function sorepmf:TrigonometricFunction trigonometric function sorepmf:UtilityFunction utility function sorepmf:VectorField vector field sorepmf:VectorFunction vector function sorepmf:VectorQuantity vector quantity sorepmf:VerticalProfile vertical profile sorepmf:Well well sorepmf:cdf cdf sorepmf:pdf pdf sorepmfo:Coefficient coefficient sorepmfo:Degree degree sorepmfo:Fourier fourier sorepmfo:FourierFunction fourier function sorepmfo:Harmonic harmonic sorepmfo:Mode mode sorepmfo:Order order sorepmfo:OrthogonalFunction orthogonal function 1 1 sorepmfo:SphericalHarmonic spherical harmonic sorepmfo:SphericalHarmonicFunction spherical harmonic function sorepmfo:WaveletFunction wavelet function 1 sorepmg:Arc arc sorepmg:Circuit circuit sorepmg:ConnectedGraph connected graph sorepmg:Cycle cycle sorepmg:Digraph digraph 1 sorepmg:DirectedGraph directed graph 1 sorepmg:Edge edge sorepmg:Forest forest 1 1 sorepmg:Graph graph sorepmg:IsolatedVertex isolated vertex sorepmg:LeafNode leaf node sorepmg:Loop loop 1 sorepmg:Network network sorepmg:Node node sorepmg:OrderedVertexPair ordered vertex pair sorepmg:Path path sorepmg:StructuralComponent structural component sorepmg:StructuralModel structural model sorepmg:Tree tree sorepmg:UndirectedGraph undirected graph sorepmg:UnorderedVertexPair unordered vertex pair sorepmg:Vertex vertex sorepmg:Vertice vertice 1 sorepmg:WeightedEdge weighted edge sorepmo:AreaIntegral area integral sorepmo:Biharmonic biharmonic sorepmo:BinaryOperation binary operation sorepmo:CrossProduct cross product 1 sorepmo:DefiniteIntegral definite integral sorepmo:Derivative derivative sorepmo:Difference difference sorepmo:Differentiation differentiation sorepmo:Division division sorepmo:DotProduct dot product sorepmo:Double double sorepmo:Fraction fraction sorepmo:Gradient gradient sorepmo:Half half 0 sorepmo:IndefiniteIntegral indefinite integral sorepmo:InflectionPoint inflection point 1 1 sorepmo:Integral integral sorepmo:Integration integration sorepmo:Laplacian laplacian sorepmo:LineIntegral line integral sorepmo:Logarithm logarithm sorepmo:MathematicalProcess mathematical process sorepmo:MultipleIntegral multiple integral sorepmo:Multiplication multiplication sorepmo:Normalization normalization sorepmo:Operation An operation is an action or procedure which produces a new value from one or more input values. [Wikipedia] operation sorepmo:OperationOnFunction operation on function sorepmo:PartialDerivative partial derivative sorepmo:Product product sorepmo:Quotient quotient sorepmo:Ratio ratio sorepmo:SaddlePoint saddle point sorepmo:ScalarFieldOperation scalar field operation sorepmo:ScalarValuedOperation scalar valued operation sorepmo:Slope slope sorepmo:Square square sorepmo:SquareRoot square root sorepmo:Subtraction subtraction sorepmo:Sum sum sorepmo:Summation summation sorepmo:SurfaceIntegral surface integral sorepmo:TensorFieldOperation tensor field operation sorepmo:TernaryOperation ternary operation sorepmo:UnaryOperation unary operation sorepmo:VectorFieldOperation vector field operation sorepmo:VectorValuedOperation vector valued operation sorepmo:VolumeIntegral volume integral sorepmso:AlgebraicSolution algebraic solution sorepmso:Algorithm algorithm sorepmso:AnalyticalSolution analytical solution sorepmso:Approximation approximation sorepmso:BreadthFirstSearch breadth first search sorepmso:DepthFirstSearch depth first search sorepmso:DivideAndConquer divide and conquer sorepmso:DynamicProgramming dynamic programming sorepmso:Emulate emulate sorepmso:ExhaustiveSearch exhaustive search sorepmso:Expansion expansion sorepmso:FlowChart flow chart sorepmso:GeneticAlgorithm genetic algorithm sorepmso:HeuristicAlgorithm heuristic algorithm sorepmso:Iteration iteration sorepmso:MapReduce map reduce sorepmso:NewtonianRelaxation newtonian relaxation sorepmso:NumericalApproximation numerical approximation sorepmso:NumericalSolution numerical solution sorepmso:Parallel parallel sorepmso:ParallelAlgorithm parallel algorithm sorepmso:Reduction reduction sorepmso:Search search sorepmso:SensitivityAnalysis sensitivity analysis sorepmso:SeriesAlgorithm series algorithm sorepmso:Simulate simulate sorepmso:Simulation simulation sorepmso:Solution solution sorepmso:TaylorSeries taylor series sorepmso:VisualSolution visual solution sorepmst:ANOVA anova sorepmst:AnalysisOfVariance analysis of variance sorepmst:ChiSquareTest chi square test sorepmst:GeneralLinearModel general linear model sorepmst:GoodnessOfFit goodness of fit sorepmst:HypothesisTest hypothesis test sorepmst:OLS ols sorepmst:OrdinaryLeastSquares ordinary least squares sorepmst:Regression regression sorepmst:SampleStatistics sample statistics sorepmst:Sampling sampling sorepmst:StatisticalDistribution statistical distribution sorepmst:StatisticalInference statistical inference sorepmst:StatisticalOperation statistical operation sorepmst:StatisticalSample statistical sample sorepmst:Statistics statistics sorepmst:ZTest z test sorepmst:tTest t test sorepsc:Component component sorepsc:Environment environment sorepsc:Externality externality sorepsc:Input input sorepsc:Output output sorepsc:Reservoir reservoir sorepsc:Resource resource sorepsc:Sink sink sorepsc:Source source sorepsc:Storage storage sorepsc:SystemComponent system component sorepsf:AdiabaticInvariant adiabatic invariant sorepsf:Invariant invariant sorepsf:Isentrope isentrope sorepsf:Isobar isobar sorepsf:Isochore isochore sorepsf:Isohaline isohaline sorepsf:Isopleth isopleth sorepsf:Isotere isotere sorepsf:Isotherm isotherm sorepsf:ThicknessLine A line drawn through all geographic points at which the thickness of a given atmospheric layer is the same; an isopleth of thickness. thickness line sorepsl:BernoulliTheorem As originally formulated, a statement of the conservation of energy (per unit mass) for an inviscid fluid in steady motion. bernoulli theorem sorepsl:BouguerLaw Attenuation of a beam of light by an optically homogeneous (transparent) medium. bouguer law sorepsl:BuysBallotLaw A law describing the relationship of the horizontal wind direction in the atmosphere to the pressure distribution. buys ballot law sorepsl:DarcysLaw darcys law sorepsl:EmpiricalLaw empirical law sorepsl:HookesLaw hookes law sorepsl:IdealGasLaw ideal gas law sorepsl:MathematicalTheorem mathematical theorem sorepsl:PhysicalLaw physical law sorepsl:StokesLaw stokes law sorepsl:WalthersLaw walthers law sorepsl:Z_RRelation A relationship between radar reflectivity factor Z (mm6 m-3) and rain rate R (mm h-1). z-r relation sorepsme:AerialPhotography aerial photography sorepsme:Altimetry altimetry sorepsme:CarbonDating carbon dating sorepsme:Engineering engineering sorepsme:Imaging imaging sorepsme:Interferometry interferometry sorepsme:IsotopeAnalysis isotope analysis sorepsme:Methodology methodology sorepsme:Optics Optics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter. Optics explains optical phenomena optics sorepsme:Photography photography sorepsme:Photometry photometry sorepsme:Polarimetry polarimetry sorepsme:RadioactiveDating radioactive dating sorepsme:RemoteSensing remote sensing sorepsme:ResearchExploration research exploration sorepsme:RetrievalApproach retrieval approach sorepsme:Spectroscopy spectroscopy sorepsme:Tomography tomography sorepsme:XRayDiffraction x ray diffraction sorepsmo:BoussinesqApproximation An approximation to the dynamical equations of motion whereby density is assumed to be constant except in the buoyancy term of the vertical velocity equation. boussinesq approximation sorepsmo:ClimateModel climate model sorepsmo:EnsembleForecast A set of different forecasts all valid at the same forecast time(s). ensemble forecast sorepsmo:Estimate estimate sorepsmo:ExtendedForecast A forecast of weather conditions for a period extending beyond three or more days from the day of issuance. extended forecast sorepsmo:FiniteElement finite element sorepsmo:FluxCorrection flux correction sorepsmo:Forecast forecast sorepsmo:GCM gcm sorepsmo:GeneralCirculationModel general circulation model sorepsmo:Hypothesis hypothesis sorepsmo:MixingScheme mixing scheme sorepsmo:Model model sorepsmo:Observation 2021-03-09 Act to generate an estimate of the value of a property of a thing in the world at a known time. Implements a procedure at a known time, which might be different to the time the value applies to the thing in the world. The procedure uses an instrument, sensor or observer. An act of observation generates a piece of information bco:ObservingProcess (from OBO) is a sub-class. sohur:Observation (SWEET) is a sub-class. See https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/#SOSAObservation obervation sorepsmo:Parameterization parameterization sorepsmo:Parcel An imaginary volume of fluid to which may be assigned various thermodynamic and kinematic quantities. parcel sorepsmo:PhysicalApproximation physical approximation sorepsmo:Predict predict sorepsmo:Prediction prediction sorepsmo:ReactionPathModel A simulation approach to studying the chemical evolution of a (natural) system. reaction path model sorepsmo:RigidLidApproximation rigid lid approximation sorepsmo:Sample entity (continuant) which is intended to be representative of a larger thing or universe, created to support observations designed to chracterize the larger thing sample (noun) sorepsmo:Sampling process (occurrent) which results in the creation of a sample act of sampling sorepsmo:ScientificModel scientific model sorepsmo:Spectral spectral sorepsmo:SpectralElement spectral element sorepsmo:Theoretical theoretical sorepsmo:Theory theory sorepsmo:WeatherForecast weather forecast sorepsp:Agent agent sorepsp:Artifact artifact sorepsp:Background background sorepsp:Chronology chronology sorepsp:Crosswalk crosswalk sorepsp:DerivedRule derived rule sorepsp:Documentation documentation sorepsp:Excavate excavate sorepsp:Genesis genesis sorepsp:History history sorepsp:InferenceRule inference rule sorepsp:JustificationElement justification element sorepsp:Metadata metadata sorepsp:MethodRule method rule sorepsp:Pipeline pipeline sorepsp:Predecessor predecessor sorepsp:PrimitiveRule primitive rule sorepsp:Process process sorepsp:Provenance provenance sorepsp:ProvenanceElement provenance element sorepsp:Reconstruction reconstruction sorepsp:Record record sorepsp:Sequence sequence sorepsp:Successor successor sorepsp:VariableMapping variable mapping sorepsp:Workflow workflow sorepsu:BaseUnit base unit sorepsu:ComplexUnit complex unit sorepsu:LogarithmicUnit logarithmic unit sorepsu:Prefix prefix sorepsu:Unit unit sorepsu:UnitDefinedByProduct unit defined by product sorepsu:UnitDerivedByRaisingToPower unit derived by raising to power sorepsu:UnitDerivedByScaling unit derived by scaling sorepsu:UnitDerivedByShifting unit derived by shifting soreps:Space This concept is of space as an independent variable space sorepscd:AngularCoordinate angular coordinate sorepscd:Equator equator sorepscd:HorizontalCoordinate horizontal coordinate sorepscd:MagneticPole magnetic pole sorepscd:Meridian meridian sorepscd:Pole pole sorepscd:PrimeMeridian prime meridian sorepscd:Vertical vertical sorepscd:VerticalCoordinate vertical coordinate sorepsg:Arc arc sorepsg:BoundingBox bounding box sorepsg:Circle circle sorepsg:Circular circular sorepsg:Cluster cluster sorepsg:Conic conic sorepsg:ConicSection conic section sorepsg:Contour contour sorepsg:Crescent crescent sorepsg:Curve curve sorepsg:Depression depression sorepsg:Ellipse ellipse sorepsg:Family family sorepsg:GeometricalObject geometrical object 0 sorepsg:GeometricalObject_0D geometrical object 0d sorepsg:GeometricalObject_1D geometrical object 1d sorepsg:GeometricalObject_2D geometrical object 2d sorepsg:GreatCircle great circle sorepsg:Helical helical sorepsg:Hyperbola hyperbola sorepsg:Hyperplane hyperplane sorepsg:Lattice lattice sorepsg:Line line sorepsg:Parabola parabola sorepsg:Parabolic parabolic sorepsg:Patch patch sorepsg:Path path sorepsg:Peak peak sorepsg:Plane plane sorepsg:Point point sorepsg:Polygon polygon sorepsg:Rectangle rectangle sorepsg:Region region sorepsg:Ridge ridge sorepsg:Route route sorepsg:SmallCircle small circle sorepsg:Spiral spiral sorepsg:Square square sorepsg:Star star sorepsg:Surface surface sorepsg:Swarm swarm sorepsg:Trajectory Curve in space tracing the points successivley occupied by a particle in motion trajectory sorepsg:Trough trough sorepsg:Zone zone sorepsg3:AirSpace air space sorepsg3:Belt belt sorepsg3:Body body sorepsg3:Bowl bowl sorepsg3:Cavity cavity sorepsg3:Cone cone sorepsg3:Corkscrew corkscrew sorepsg3:Cylinder cylinder sorepsg3:Dipole dipole sorepsg3:Dome dome sorepsg3:Ellipsoid ellipsoid sorepsg3:Envelope envelope sorepsg3:FluxTube flux tube sorepsg3:GeometricalObject_3D geometrical object 3d sorepsg3:Hemisphere hemisphere sorepsg3:Layer layer sorepsg3:Polyhedron polyhedron sorepsg3:ReferenceEllipsoid reference ellipsoid sorepsg3:Ring ring sorepsg3:Shell shell sorepsg3:Sphere sphere sorepsg3:Spheroid spheroid sorepsg3:Strata strata sorepsg3:Striation striation sorepsg3:Torus torus sorepsg3:Tube tube sorepsrs:HorizontalCoordinateSystem horizontal coordinate system sorepsrs:PolarCoordinates polar coordinates sorepsrs:SpatialReferenceSystem spatial reference system sorepsrs:VerticalCoordinateSystem vertical coordinate system sorept:Duration duration sorept:Local local sorept:LocalTime local time sorept:SolarTime solar time sorept:TemporalEntity temporal entity sorept:TemporalReference temporal reference sorept:Time This concept is of time as an independent variable time sorept:TimeFrame time frame sorept:TimeReference time reference sorept:TimeZone time zone soreptd:Dawn dawn soreptd:Day day soreptd:Daytime daytime soreptd:Dusk dusk soreptd:Evening evening soreptd:Midnight midnight soreptd:Morning morning soreptd:Nighttime nighttime soreptd:Nocturnal nocturnal soreptd:Noon noon soreptd:Sunrise sunrise soreptd:Sunset sunset soreptd:Twilight twilight sorepts:ColdestMonth coldest month sorepts:DrySeason dry season sorepts:Equinox equinox sorepts:Season season sorepts:Solstice solstice sorepts:WarmestMonth warmest month sorepts:WetSeason wet season sost:BinaryState binary state sost:State state sostb:BiologicalState biological state sostc:BiochemicalState biochemical state sostc:ChemicalState chemical state sostdp:Archived archived sostdp:Binned binned sostdp:Calibrated calibrated sostdp:Clustered clustered sostdp:DataState data state sostdp:Georeferenced georeferenced sostdp:Gridded gridded sostdp:Interpolated interpolated sostdp:L1 l1 sostdp:L2 l2 sostdp:L3 l3 sostdp:L4 l4 sostdp:Level1 level1 sostdp:Level2 level2 sostdp:Level3 level3 sostdp:Level4 level4 sostdp:Mapped mapped sostdp:Mined mined sostdp:Normalized normalized sostdp:Parameterized parameterized sostdp:Plotted plotted sostdp:Processed processed sostdp:Reanalyzed reanalyzed sostdp:Reconstructed reconstructed sostdp:Reformatted reformatted sostdp:Regridded regridded sostdp:Scaled scaled sostdp:Subsetted subsetted sostdp:Trained trained sostdp:Validated validated sostdp:Verifed verifed 0.00000001 0.0000001 sostef:AClass a class 0.0000001 0.000001 sostef:BClass b class 0.000001 0.00001 sostef:CClass c class 0.00001 0.0001 sostef:MClass m class 0.0001 sostef:XClass x class sostf:FluidEquilibriumState fluid equilibrium state sostf:FluidState fluid state sostp:MoistureState moisture state sostp:PhysicalState physical state sostp:RainState rain state sostp:SpeedState speed state sostp:StateOfMatter state of matter sostp:SubstanceForm substance form sostp:WaveState wave state sostre:RealmConfiguration realm configuration sostro:ConductionRole conduction role sostro:PhysicalRole physical role sostro:ProvenanceRole provenance role sostrb:Autotroph autotroph sostrb:BiologicalRole biological role sostrb:Chemoautotroph chemoautotroph sostrb:Chemoheterotroph chemoheterotroph sostrb:Consumer consumer sostrb:Habitat habitat sostrb:Heterotroph heterotroph sostrb:Photoautotroph photoautotroph sostrb:Photoheterotroph photoheterotroph sostrb:Producer producer sostrc:ChemicalRole chemical role sostrg:Barrier barrier sostrg:Boundary boundary sostrg:Collector collector sostrg:Edge edge sostrg:Face face sostrg:Fringe fringe sostrg:GeographicRole geographic role sostrg:Highway highway sostrg:Margin margin sostrg:Obstruction obstruction sostrg:Periphery periphery sostrg:Separation separation sostrg:Tributary tributary sostrr:RepresentativeRole representative role sostso:SolidState solid state sostsc:Antumbra antumbra sostsc:Basal basal sostsc:Base base sostsc:Bottom bottom sostsc:Flank flank sostsc:Floor floor sostsc:Juxtaposition juxtaposition sostsc:Penumbra penumbra sostsc:Projection projection sostsc:Relief relief sostsc:Rim rim sostsc:Shadow shadow sostsc:Side side sostsc:Top top sostsc:Umbra umbra sostsb:BandLimited band limited sostsb:Bolometric bolometric sostsb:BroadBand broad band sostsb:BroadSpectrum broad spectrum sostsb:Monochromatic monochromatic sostsb:NarrowBand narrow band sostsb:NarrowSpectrum narrow spectrum sostsb:Polychromatic polychromatic sostsb:WhiteLight white light sostst:BeaufortScale beaufort scale sostst:EnhancedFujitaScale enhanced fujita scale sostst:FujitaPearsonScale fujita pearson scale sostst:HurricaneScale hurricane scale sostst:SaffirSimpsonScale saffir simpson scale sostst:TornadoScale tornado scale sostst:WindScale wind scale sostsy:Coherent coherent sostsy:Complex A complex system is a system composed of interconnected parts that as a whole exhibit one or more properties (behavior among the possible properties) not obvious from the properties complex sostsy:Deficit deficit sostsy:EquilibriumState equilibrium state sostsy:Excess excess sostsy:Homeostasis homeostasis sostsy:Instability instability sostsy:Overflow overflow sostsy:Resilient resilient sostsy:Stability stability sostsy:Stable The characteristic of a system if sufficiently small disturbances have only small effects, either decreasing in amplitude or oscillating periodically; it is asymptotically stable if the effect of small disturbances vanishes for long time periods. stable sostsy:SystemState system state sostsy:Unstable property describing unstable conditions, such as in the atmosphere unstable sostth:ThermodynamicState thermodynamic state sostti:Age Epochs are divided into ages [millions of years] [Wikipedia] age sostti:Eon Supereons are divided into eons. [billions of years] [Wikipedia] eon sostti:Epoch Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia] epoch sostti:Era Eons are divided into eras [several hundred million years] [Wikipedia] era sostti:GeologicTimeUnit The subdivisions of geologic time. The table of geologic time spans are dates and nomenclature defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. [Wikipedia] geologic time unit sostti:NeotectonicPeriod neotectonic period sostti:Period Eras are divided into periods. [Wikipedia] period sostti:Supereon The largest defined unit of time is the supereon, composed of eons.] [Wikipedia] supereon sosttc:ElNino A significant increase in sea surface temperature over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific that occurs at irregular intervals, generally ranging between two and seven years. el nino sosttc:HighTide high tide sosttc:IceAge ice age sosttc:Interglacial interglacial sosttc:LaNina The most common of several names given toa significant decrease in sea surface temperature (‘cold events’) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. La Nina is the counterpart to the El Nino ‘warm event,’ and its spatial and temporal evolution in the equatorial Pacific is, to a considerable extent, the mirror image of El Nino, although La Nina events tend to be somewhat less regular in their behavior and duration. la nina sosttc:LowTide low tide sosttc:MaunderMinimum maunder minimum sosttc:NeapTide neap tide sosttc:OscillationState oscillation state sosttc:SolarMaximum solar maximum sosttc:SolarMinimum solar minimum sosttc:SpringTide spring tide owl:Thing owlt:Instant owlt:Interval owlt:ProperInterval owlt:TemporalEntity sosa:Sensor sdo:Organization epa endangered species act environmental protection agency fcaa fws federal clean air act fish and wildlife service mlma marine life management act montreal protocol nepa neshap nfma nfs national emission standards for hazardous air pollutant national environmental protection act national forest management act national forest service psd psi pollutant standards index prevention of significant deteriorization rcra resource conservation and recovery act faa federal aviation administration ammonia brcl brno3 bro brox bromine chloride bromine monoxide bromine nitrate co co2 cos carbon dioxide carbon monoxide carbonate carbonic acid carbonyl sulfide chlorine dioxide chlorine monoxide chlorine nitrate cl2o2 clo clo2 clono2 clox dichlorine peroxide dinitrogen pentoxide dry ice fe2.3 fe3o4 h2co3 h2o h2o2 h2so4 hbr hbro hcl hclo hclo4 hf hno2 hno3 hno4 ho2 hocl hox hematite hydrobromous acid hydrochlorous acid hydrogen bromide hydrogen chloride hydrogen fluoride hydrogen oxides hydrogen peroxide hydroperoxyl hydroxyl hypochlorous acid hypochlorous monoxide iron oxide magnetite n2o n2o5 nat nh3 no no2 no3 nox noy A salt is defined as the product formed from the neutralization reaction of acids and bases. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge). [Wikipedia] nacl nitrate radical nitric acid nitric acid trihydrate nitric oxide nitrogen dioxide nitrogen monoxide nitrogen oxide nitrous acid nitrous oxide oh po perchloric acid peroxy radical peroxynitric acid phosphate rust so2 so4 sox salt sio2 silica silicate silicon dioxide sulfate sulfur dioxide sulfur oxide sulfuric acid water al aluminum antimony ar argon arsenic as b be beryllium boron br bromine c ca cadmium calcium carbon cd ch chlorine chromium cl copper cu f fe fluorine h he helium hg hydrogen i iodine iron k lead li lithium magnesium manganese mercury mg mn mo molybdenum n na ne neon nitrogen o oxygen p pb phosphorus potassium radon rn s sb se selenium si silicon sodium sulfur th thorium u uranium zi zinc br2 c10 c12 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 cl2 cl4 cx f2 f3 f4 fe2 fe3 h10 h12 h16 h2 h3 h4 h6 h8 hx molecular oxygen n2 o2 A nearly colorless gas, it is a very strong absorber of ultraviolet radiation, and the presence of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere provides an ozone shield that prevents dangerous radiation from reaching the earth's surface. o3 o4 o5 ox ozone ammonium bicarbonite co3minusminus carbonate h4plus hco3minus hplus hydrogen carbonate nh4plus no2minus no3minus nitrate nitrite o2minus o3minus o3minusminus ominus oplus al26 c12 c13 c14 d deuterium h1 h2 h3 he3 he4 k39 k40 k41 n14 n15 o16 o17 o18 pb202 pb204 pb206 pb207 pb208 s32 s33 s34 s36 t th228 th229 th230 th231 th232 th234 tritium u238 u239 acenaphthene acenaphthylene acetonitrile acrolein acrylonitrile aldrin benzene benzol butane c10h16 c12h10 c12h8 c2br2f4 c2f4br2 c2h3no5 c2h4 c2h6 c2h6o c2h6s c3h4o c3h6 c3h8 c4h10 c5h12o c5h8 c6h6 c7h8 c8h10 cbrf2 cbrf3 ccl2f2 ccl4 cf2clbr cf4 cfc11 cfc113 cfc113a cfc114 cfc115 cfc12 ch2chcn ch2o ch2o2 ch3cn ch3cooh ch4 caco3 calcium carbonate carbohydrate carbon tetrafluoride carbon tetrafluoromethane carbonyl carbonyl sulfide chlorophyll a dms dibromotetrafluoroethane dichlorodifluoromethane dimethyl sulfide ethane ethanoic acid ethanol ethene fc fluorocarbon formaldehyde formic acid freon12 freon14 hcfc140a hcfc141b hcfc142b hcfc22 hch hcn hclfc halon1202 halon1211 halon1301 halon2402 hexachlorobiphenyl hexachlorocyclohexane hydrofluorocarbon hydrogen cyanide isoprene limonene mtbe methane methanoic acid methyl bromide methyl chloride methyl cyanide methyl tert butyl ether nmhc non methane hydrocarbon ocs pan pcb pcb153 peroxyacetyl nitrate pheophytin pinene polychlorinated biphenyl propane propene silk terpene toluene xylene sun ndvi normalized difference vegetation index angstrom exponent aspect ratio An approximation to the gradient Richardson number formed by approximating local gradients by finite difference across layers. bulk richardson number critical richardson number darcy slope In Raman spectroscopy, the depolarization ratio is the intensity ratio between the perpendicular component and the parallel component of the Raman scattered light. depolarization ratio drag coefficient electronegativity froude number gradient richardson number hydraulic gradient isotope ratio leaf area index A relationship between the advective and diffusive components of solute transport expressed as the ratio of the product of the average interstitial velocity, times the characteristic length, divided by the coefficient of molecular diffusion; small values indicate diffusion dominance, large values indicate advection dominance. peclet number plasma parameter refractive index The ratio of the effective permeability for a given flow phase to the intrinsic permeability of the porous medium (WMO, 1974). The ratio of the effective and specific permeabilities. relative permeability The ratio of the average linear velocity of groundwater to the velocity of the retarded constituent at C/Co=0.5. retardation factor The dimensionless ratio of the inertial force (∼U2/L) to the viscous force (∼ νU/L2) in the Navier–Stokes equations, where U is a characteristic velocity, L is a characteristic length, and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid; thus, Re=ULv. The Reynolds number is of great importance in the theory of hydrodynamic stability and the origin of turbulence. The inertia force generates vortex stretching and nonlinear interactions and hence creates randomness. Turbulence occurs when the inertia term dominates the viscous term, that is, when the Reynolds number is large. For many engineering flows, turbulence occurs when Re > Rec, where the critical Reynolds number is roughly Rec = 2100. reynolds number richardson number A dimensionless number relating the ratio of inertial to Coriolis forces for a given flow of a rotating fluid. rossby number rouse number signal to noise ratio sonic mach number The ratio of the Volume of water which the porous medium, after being saturated, will retain against the pull of gravity to the volume of the porous medium. specific retention The volume of water released from or taken into storage per unit volume of the porous medium per unit change in head. specific storage The ratio of the volume of water which the porous medium after being saturated, will yield by gravity to the volume of the porous medium. specific yield void ratio von karman constant The ratio of a region's total precipitation to its external precipitation originating as evaporation from the oceans as opposed to evapotranspiration from the land. water circulation coefficient solar constant annual half potential evapotranspiration annual potential evapotranspiration negative slope positive slope earth The Af climate classification, also known as the tropical rain forest climate classification, is characterized by monthly precipitation in excess of 6 cm all months out of year. af The Am climate classification, also known as Tropical Monsoon Climate, is characterized by a short marked dry season with 1 or more months receiving less than 6 cm of precipitation, an otherwise excessively wet rainy season, and ITCZ dominance for 6 - 12 months out of the year. am arid arid climate The Aw climate classification, also known as Tropical Savanna climate classification, is characterized by a summer wet season, winter dry season, and ITCZ dominance for 6 months or less. aw The BS climate classification, also known as semiarid climate classification, is characterized by having precipitation amounts greater than 1/2 potential evapotranspiration (POTET), but not equal to it. bs The BSh climate classification, also known as the hot low-latitude steppe, is characterized by having mean annual temperatures greater than 18 degree C. bsh The BSk climate classification, also known as cold midlatitude steppe climate classification, is characterized by having mean annual temperatures less than 18 degree C. bsk The BW climate classification, also known as the arid climate classification, is characterized by having precipitation amounts less than 1/2 potential evapotranspiration (POTET). bw the BWh climate classification, also known as the hot low-latitude desert, is characterized by having mean annual temperatures greater than 18 degree C. bwh The BWk climate classification, also known as the cold midlatitude desert, is characterized by having mean annual temperatures less than 18 degree C. bwk The Cfa climate classification is characterized by year-round precipitation, hot summers, and having the warmest month above 22 degree C. cfa The Cfb climate classfication receives year-round precipitation, its warmest month is below 22 degree C and has 4 months above 10 degree C. cfb The Cfc climate classification is charactericized by year-round precipitation and having 1 - 3 months with temperatures above 10 degree C. cfc cold midlatitude desert climate cold midlatitude steppe climate The Csa climate classification is characterized by pronounced summer droughts with 70% of precipitation in the winter and hot summers with its warmest month above 22 degree C. csa csb the Cwa climate classification is characterized by winter drought, summer's wettest month getting 10 times more precipitation than driest winter month, and the warmest month being above 22 degree C. cwa The Dfa climate classification is characterized by having year-round precipitation and warmest month temperatures above 22 degree C. dfa The Dfb climate classifcation is characterized by having year-round precipitation and warmest month temperatures below 22 degree C. dfb The Dfc climate classification is characterized by having year-round precipitation and having 1 - 4 months above 10 degree C. dfc The Dwa climate classification is characterized by winter drought and warmest month temperatures above 22 degree C. dwa The Dwb climate classification is characterized by winter drought and warmest month temperatures below 22 degree C. dwb The Dwc climate classification is characterized by winter drought and haviong 1 - 4 months with temperatures above 10 degrees C. dwc The Dwd climate classification is characterized by winter drought and having coldest month temperatures below -38 degree C (in Siberia only). dwd The EF climate classification, also known as the Ice Cap climate classification, is characterized by having warmest month temperatures below 0 degrees C and having precipitation exceeding very small potential evapotranspiration (POTET). ef The EM climate classification, also known as the polar marine climate classification, is characterized by all months having temperatures above -7 degree C, warmest month above 0 degree C, and annual temperatures less than 17 degree C. em The ET climate classification, also known as the tundra climate classification, is characterizex by warmest month temperatures between 0 - 10 degree C, precipitation exceeds small potential evapotranspiration demand, and has snow cover 8 - 10 months out of the year. et hot low latitude desert climate hot low latitude steppe climate ice cap climate polar marine climate semi arid climate tropical monsoon climate tropical rain forest climate tropical savanna climate tundra climate abyssopelagic zone earth atmosphere earth atmosphere mesoscale earth atmosphere synoptic scale earth bathypelagic zone earth core earth crust earth d layer earth e layer earth exosphere earth f layer earth geosphere earth ionosphere earth lithosphere earth mesopelagic zone earth mesosphere earth photic zone earth stratosphere earth thermosphere earth troposphere earth upper mantle igrf international geomagnetic reference field fram strait agulhas current antarctic circumpolar current arctic ocean atlantic ocean benguela current brazil current california current canary current caribbean sea deep ocean current east australia current gulf stream indian ocean indian ocean gyre kurishio current labrador current north atlantic current north atlantic gyre north pacific gyre pacific ocean peru current south atlantic gyre south pacific gyre southern ocean equator equatorial extratropics global high latitude low latitude mid latitude polar pole subtropical subtropics tropical tropics barycentric eulerian geocentric geodetic heliocentric lagrangian spectral synoptic arff ascii big endian binary fits grib grib1 grib2 geotiff hdf hdf4 hdf5 hdfeos hdfeos2 little endian middle endian netcdf netcdf3 Shares data model with HDF5. netcdf4 network endian xls bzip2 dods gzip opendap z decision tree learning distance weighting naive bayes nearest neighbor neural network wcs wfs wms web coverage server web feature server web map server 0.0 1.0 normalized range ambient background connate direct explicit external gross implicit indirect internal net segment sensible active passive fnu ftu formazin turbidity unit mhz MHz 1000.0 mya Ma A ampere A ampere per meter A/m ampere per meter squared A/m2 2.0 ampere squared A2 0.0002909 arcminute ' 0.000004848 arcsecond '' cd candela cd candela per meter squared cd/m2 0.01 c centi c 0.01 centimeter cm 3155692600.0 century 100.a C coulomb C coulomb meter C.m coulomb per meter cubed C/m3 coulomb per meter squared C/m2 86400.0 day d db dB 10.0 da deca da 315569260.0 decade 10.a -273.0 °C degree c Cel 1.8 32.0 degree f [degF] 57.2957795 degrees deg dimensionless unit 1000000000000000000.0 E exa E F farad F farad per meter F/m 1000000000.0 G giga G 1000000000.0 gigahertz GHz 100.0 h hecto h henry H henry per meter H/m Hz hertz Hz 3600.0 hour h J joule J joule per kelvin J/K joule per kilogram J/kg joule per kilogram per kelvin J/kg/K joule per meter cubed per kelvin J/m3/K joule per meter squared J/m2 joule per mole per kelvin J/mol/K joule per tesla J/T joule second J.s K kelvin K kelvin per meter K/m 1000.0 k kilo k kg kilogram kg kilogram meter per second kg.m/s kilogram per meter cubed kg/m3 kilogram per meter squared kg/m2 kilogram radian per second kg.rad/s 1000.0 kilohertz kHz 1000.0 kilometer km 0.27777777 kilometer per hour km/h lumen lm lx lux lx 1000000.0 M mega M 1000000.0 megahertz MHz m meter m 3.0 meter cubed m3 meter cubed per kelvin m3/K meter cubed per kilogram m3/kg meter cubed per second m3/s meter per kelvin m/K meter per second m/s meter per second squared m/s2 2.0 meter squared m2 meter squared per kilogram m2/kg meter squared per second m2/s meter squared per second squared m2/s2 metre m 0.000001 micro u 0.000001 micrometer um micron um 1000.0 millenium ka 0.001 m milli m 0.001 millimeter mm 0.000000000001 million km2 1000000.km2 0.000000000000001 million km3 1000000.km3 60.0 minute min mol mole mol 2629744.0 month mo 0.000000001 n nano n 0.000000001 nanometer nm N newton N newton meter N.m newton per meter N/m normalized unit ohm Ohm ohm meter Ohm.m Pa pascal Pa pa/s pascal per second Pa/s pascal second Pa.s -1.0 per ampere /A -2.0 per ampere squared /A2 -1.0 per candela /cd -1.0 per kelvin /K -1.0 per kilogram /kg per kilogram meter squared per second kelvin /kg/m2/s/K per kilogram mole /kg/mol -1.0 per meter /m -3.0 per meter cubed /m3 -2.0 per meter squared /m2 0.001 per mil [ppth] -1.0 per mole /mol -1.0 per pascal /Pa -1.0 per radian /rad -1.0 s⁻¹ per second /s -3.0 per second cubed /s3 -2.0 per second squared /s2 -1.0 per steradian /sr -1.0 per tesla /T -1.0 per volt /V 0.01 percent % 0.001 permil [ppth] 1000000000000000.0 P peta P 0.000000001 ppb [ppb] 0.000000001 ppbv [ppb]{vol} 0.000001 ppm [ppm] 0.000001 ppmv [ppm]{vol} 0.000000000001 ppt [pptr] 0.000000000001 pptv [pptr]{vol} rad radian rad radian per second rad/s radian per second squared rad/s2 ratio 7889232.0 season s second s 2.0 second squared s2 -1.0 S siemens S siemens per kilogram S/kg siemens per meter S/m sr steradian sr 1000000000000.0 T tera T 1000000000000.0 terahertz THz tesla T V volt V volt per meter V/m volume ratio watt W watt per meter per kelvin W/m/K watt per meter squared W/m2 watt per meter squared per kelvin W/m2/K watt per meter squared per steradian W/m2/sr watt per meter squared per steradian per wavelength weber Wb 604800.0 week wk 31556926.0 year a colatitude declination depth elevation height hybrid height hybrid sigma latitude level longitude north magnetic pole north pole pitch potential density pressure r ra right ascension roll s sigma sigma naught south magnetic pole south pole theta x y yaw z zone code clockwise counterclockwise diffuse direct directional down downflow downhill downslope downstream downward downwind east eastward emerging hemispheric horizontal landward lee leeward left line of sight longitudinal normal north northward oblique parallel perpendicular prograde retrograde right seaward shear sinking south southward specular sunward transverse up upflow uphill upslope upstream upward upwind vertical west westward windward x y z zenith albers conical equal area Coordinate System with its origin on the axis of the Earth and fixed with respect to the stars. astronomical azimuthal equidistant cartesian equidistant conic equirectangular general vertical near sided pespe geographic lambert conformal conic local planer mercator miller cylindrical modified stereographic oblique mercator polar stereographic polyconic robinson rotated latitude longitude sinusoidal space oblique mercator stereographic tait bryan angle transformed eulerian mean transverse mercator universal transverse mercator van de grinten sidereal synodic ut universal time autumn autumnal equinox 355 december solstice fall fall equinox 172 june solstice spring spring equinox summer summer solstice winter winter solstice abiotic adult alive anadromous anthropogenic arable assimilated biodegradable biogenic biotic catadromous child dead deceased deciduous decomposed diseased diverse elderly fertilized healthy live living migrating nonliving nutrient rich old growth pollinated youth An acid as a compound which donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to another compound (called a base). [Wikipedia] acid aerobic aliphatic anerobic anoxia anoxic aromatic A base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept hydrogen ions. [Wikipedia] base brackish calcareous carbonaceous composite electronic endothermic euhaline eutrophic excited state exothermic fixed ground state hypoxia hypoxic icy inert metallic non polar oxidized oxygenated polar potability potable radioactive radioactive decay radioactivity rocky rotational saline saturate saturated saturation tenuous translational undersaturated unsaturated vibrational volatile 0.00000001 0.00000002 a1 class 0.00000002 0.00000003 a2 class 0.00000003 0.00000004 a3 class 0.00000004 0.00000005 a4 class 0.00000005 0.00000006 a5 class 0.00000006 0.00000007 a6 class 0.00000007 0.00000008 a7 class 0.00000008 0.00000009 a8 class 0.00000009 0.0000001 a9 class 0.0000001 0.0000002 b1 class 0.0000002 0.0000003 b2 class 0.0000003 0.0000004 b3 class 0.0000004 0.0000005 b4 class 0.0000005 0.0000006 b5 class 0.0000006 0.0000007 b6 class 0.0000007 0.0000008 b7 class 0.0000008 0.0000009 b8 class 0.0000009 0.000001 b9 class 0.000001 0.000002 c1 class 0.000002 0.000003 c2 class 0.000003 0.000004 c3 class 0.000004 0.000005 c4 class 0.000005 0.000006 c5 class 0.000006 0.000007 c6 class 0.000007 0.000008 c7 class 0.000008 0.000009 c8 class 0.000009 0.00001 c9 class 0.00001 0.00002 m1 class 0.00002 0.00003 m2 class 0.00003 0.00004 m3 class 0.00004 0.00005 m4 class 0.00005 0.00006 m5 class 0.00006 0.00007 m6 class 0.00007 0.00008 m7 class 0.00008 0.00009 m8 class 0.00009 0.0001 m9 class 0.001 0.0011 x10 class 0.0011 0.0012 x11 class 0.0012 0.0013 x12 class 0.0013 0.0014 x13 class 0.0014 0.0015 x14 class 0.0015 0.0016 x15 class 0.0016 0.0017 x16 class 0.0017 0.0018 x17 class 0.0018 0.0019 x18 class 0.0019 0.002 x19 class 0.0001 0.0002 x1 class 0.002 0.0021 x20 class 0.0021 0.0022 x21 class 0.0022 0.0023 x22 class 0.0023 0.0024 x23 class 0.0024 0.0025 x24 class 0.0025 0.0026 x25 class 0.0026 0.0027 x26 class 0.0027 0.0028 x27 class 0.0028 0.0029 x28 class 0.0029 0.003 x29 class 0.0002 0.0003 x2 class 0.003 0.0031 x30 class 0.0031 0.0032 x31 class 0.0032 0.0033 x32 class 0.0033 0.0034 x33 class 0.0034 0.0035 x34 class 0.0035 0.0036 x35 class 0.0036 0.0037 x36 class 0.0037 0.0038 x37 class 0.0038 0.0039 x38 class 0.0039 0.003 x39 class 0.0003 0.0004 x3 class 0.004 0.0041 x40 class 0.0041 0.0042 x41 class 0.0042 0.0043 x42 class 0.0043 0.0044 x44 class 0.0044 0.0045 x44 class 0.0045 0.0046 x45 class 0.0046 0.0047 x46 class 0.0047 0.0048 x47 class 0.0048 0.0049 x48 class 0.0049 0.005 x49 class 0.0004 0.0005 x4 class 0.0005 0.0006 x5 class 0.0006 0.0007 x6 class 0.0007 0.0008 x7 class 0.0008 0.0009 x8 class 0.0009 0.001 x9 class ageostrophic baroclinic barotropic buoyant convective Motions describing an equlibrium between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and the turbulent drag force. ekman geostrophic halosteric hydrostatic laminar Said of two or more liquids that are mutually soluble (i.e. they will dissolve in each other) (McGraw-Hill, 1974). The chemical property of two or more phases that, when brought together, have the ability to mix and form one phase (after AGI, 1980). miscible newtonian non newtonian nonhydrostatic pressurized A system or flow that evolves slowly in time compared to the rotation period of the earth, has a length scale of the deformation radius or larger, and undergoes only limited vertical excursions. quasi geostrophic quasi hydrostatic rareified semi geostrophic steric stratification stratified sverdrup balance thermosteric turbulent unpressurized viscous acute almost extremely intermediate medium middle optimal paramarginal recoverable semi slight slightly submarginal suboptimal total transitional ultra very well bubble burned calm charged condensed constructive deiced destructive diluted dissolved A small spherical particle of any liquid; in meteorology, particularly a water droplet. droplet dry eddy fast ferroelectric film filtered floating fluid fragment free oscillation frozen gale gas gaseous gentle heavy high frequency humid hydrolyzable hydrophilic hydrophobic hygroscopic hypergravity hypogravity impermeable intermittent ionized ionized state isobaric isochoric isohalic isostacy isostatic light liquid low frequency moist 0 neutral neutral state non thermal plasma normal mode occasional particle pellicular peraelectric permeable pillow plasma porous quasi neutral quiescent radiative rapid scattered severe slow solid subsonic supersonic suspended thermal plasma vapor wet zero g zonal airborne aloft aquatic atmospheric benthic buried extraterrestrial geologic geological neritic oceanic offshore onshore spaceborne subaqueous submerged sunken terrestrial underwater accessor accessory adjusted antifreeze archivist author by product change reason conductor conduit contributor creator cryoprotectant curator deployer desirable dominant extraordinary important induced insulator key keystone main major minor negative niche pioneer positive pre existing prevailing primary principal processor propellant provider publisher references replacement secondary secure serializes signer stressor submitter subordinate surplus tertiary trace undesirable user vulnerable biomarker carcinogen contaminant decomposer defoilant enzyme feeding habitat forage heterotrophic host insecticide macronutrient micronutrient nursery nutrient pest pesticide poision pollutant 2 primary consumer 1 primary producer 3 secondary consumer spawning ground tac 4 tertiary consumer 5 top of food chain toxic toxic air contaminant toxin abrasive acidify binder burn calcify catalyst corrosive crystallize degas dehydrate desalinize dilute dissolve enrich fix hydrate inhibitor neutralize outgas oxidizer photodissociate product reactant reagent recrystallize reduce solute solvent commercial cropped industrial irrigated pastoral populated rainfed remote residential wild catastrophic considerable devastating disaster disasterous extensive extreme gentle great hazard heavy incredible light major massive minimal minor moderate rough severe significant strong violent weak actual anomalous anomaly archetypal atypical baseline canonical defining exotic expected indicator instance noisy outlier precious proxy reference representative robust sample semi precious target typical unexpected unique unrepresentative acceptable accurate analyzed artifact assessed believable certain certainty confident deep uncertainty defendable defended discrepancy examined forecasted imprecise inaccurate investigated irregular known observed peer reviewed posterior precise predictable predictivee prior proven published questionable regular reliable researched reviewed risk risky safe scheduled spurious sure tenable tested trusted trustworthy unacceptable unbelievable uncertain uncertainty unconfident undefendable unforecasted unknown unpredictable unproven unreliable unscheduled unsure untenable untested untrusted vague validated amorphous brittle clastic compressed consolidated crushed crystal crystal structure crystalline crystallized deformed detritic ductile elastic fibrous fine structure flake fragmented granular hard hardened indurated metamorphosed microstructure molten muddy pitted plastic polycrystalline powder refractory rigid rough shattered soft softened solidified stiff superhard unconsolidated viscoelastic big close coarse deep far far field fine full disk high large little low lower macro medium meso micro microscopic mobile near nearby non point point remote resonator shallow small stationary tiny upper widespread amorphous anisotropic anisotropy aphelion arched ascending asymmetric asymmetry axisymmetric bent biaxial bladed braided branched broad compact concealed concentric confined conjunction connected contained crooked curtain curved cutoff dendritic dense descending dip dispersed eclipse elevated elliptical elongated empty entrained evacuated even extant flat flattend fretted full geostationary geosynchronous grooved hexagonal imbricated imbrication inclined interconnected interlocking interwoven isolated isometric isotropic isotropy long monoclinic narrow oblate open opposition orthorhombic perched perihelion poloidal prograde prolate retrograde rhombic ridged rope round rounded scalloped sealed semiconfined sharp sheet short sigmoid sinusoidal sparse spherical square steep straight string sun synchronous symmetric symmetry terminator tetragonal tilted toroidal toroional transit trapped triaxial triclinic trigonal twisted unconfined unconnected uneven void wide atomic scale continental cyclonic scale global global scale large scale local local scale macroscale macroscopic megascale Pertaining to atmospheric phenomena having horizontal scales ranging from a few to several hundred kilometers, including thunderstorms, sordil lines, fronts, precipitation bands in tropical and extratropical cyclones, and topographically generated weather systems such as mountain waves and sea and land breezes. From a dynamical perspective, this term pertains to processes with timescales ranging from the inverse of the Brunt?V?is?l? frequency to a pendulum day, encompassing deep moist convection and the full spectrum of inertio-gravity waves but stopping short of synoptic-scale phenomena, which have Rossby numbers less than 1. mesoscale microscale microscopic planetary scale regional regional scale small scale subatomic scale synoptic scale 455.0 492.0 blue 4000.0 8000.0 c band 5.0 100.0 euv 87.5 108.0 fm 0.0 0.03 gamma wave 492.0 557.0 green 0.03 0.3 hard x ray 780.0 1000000.0 infrared 18000.0 26500.0 k band 26500.0 40000.0 ka band 12000.0 18000.0 ku band 1000.0 2000.0 l band long wave 300.0 300000.0 microwave 597.0 622.0 orange 400.0 700.0 photosynthetically active radiation 0.0 300000.0 radio wave 622.0 780.0 red 2000.0 4000.0 s band short wave 0.3 5.0 soft x ray 780.0 6000.0 thermal infrared uv 315.0 390.0 uva 280.0 315.0 uvb 100.0 280.0 uvc 5.0 390.0 Electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than visible radiation but longer than x-rays. ultraviolet 40000.0 75000.0 v band 0.003 0.03 vlf 390.0 455.0 violet 390.0 780.0 visible 75000.0 110000.0 w band 8000.0 12000.0 x band 0.03 5.0 x ray 557.0 597.0 yellow 393.5 cak 21.2061 h1 656.28 halpha 486.1 hbeta 1083.0 he1083 304.0 he304 769.9 k7699 12.15668 lyman alpha 676.8 ni6768 589.592 nad1 589.995 nad2 10.7 0 0.0 0.3 beaufort0 1 0.3 1.5 beaufort1 10 24.5 28.4 beaufort10 11 28.5 32.6 beaufort11 12 32.7 beaufort12 2 1.6 3.4 beaufort2 3 3.5 5.4 beaufort3 4 5.5 7.9 beaufort4 5 8.0 10.7 beaufort5 6 10.8 13.8 beaufort6 7 13.9 17.1 beaufort7 8 17.2 20.7 beaufort8 9 20.8 24.4 beaufort9 1 33.0 42.0 category1 2 43.0 49.0 category2 3 50.0 58.0 category3 4 59.0 69.0 category4 5 70.0 category5 0 ef0 1 ef1 2 ef2 3 ef3 4 ef4 5 ef5 0 18.0 32.0 f0 1 32.0 50.0 f1 2 50.0 70.0 f2 0 70.0 92.0 f3 4 92.0 116.0 f4 5 116.0 142.0 f5 active artificial balance balanced broken chaos chaotic closed complete coupled critical dependent deterministic disturbed dormant dynamic endogenous In mechanics, a state in which the vector sum of all forces, that is, the acceleration vector, is zero. In hydrodynamics, it is usually further required that a steady state exist throughout the atmospheric or fluid model. The equilibrium may be stable or unstable with respect to displacements therefrom. See also hydrostatic equilibrium, geostrophic equilibrium, instability. 2. In thermodynamics, any state of a system that would not undergo change if the system were to be isolated. equilibrium eruptive exogenous extinct heterogeneous homogeneous hyperactive hysteresis inactive incomplete independent inhomogeneous intermittent irreversible native natural non equilibrium non linear open quiet random reversible static stochastic time dependent time varying A process in which a system does not interact with its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference between them. adiabatic black body boiling hot cold cool diabatic dry adiabat dry adiabatic freezing cold hot inversion isentropic isothermal lte local thermodynamic equilibrium lukewarm maximum entropy A moist-adiabatic process in which the liquid water that condenses is assumed to be removed as soon as it is formed, by idealized instantaneous precipitation. pseudoadiabatic superadiabatic tepid thermodynamic equilibrium warm ancient antiquated antique fresh future immature incipient lifetime mature new old past prehistoric present primordial recent short lived young 1.0 1day 1.0 1hour 1.0 1month 1.0 1week 1.0 1year 10.0 10year 12.0 12hour 2.0 2week 2.0 2year 3.0 3month 5.0 5day 6.0 6month accidental annual biannual biweekly common consistent cyclic daily decadal diurnal episodic erratic frequent hourly infrequent interrupted monthly non stationary pentad periodic rare seasonal secular semi annual semi diurnal spasmodic stationary steady uninterrupted unusual usual weekly yearly aalenian aeronhian albian anisian aptian aquitanian archean artinskian asselian bajocian barremian bartonian bashkirian basin groups bathonian berriasian burdigalian calabrian callovian calymmian cambrian cambrian series2 cambrian series3 cambrian stage2 cambrian stage3 cambrian stage4 cambrian stage5 campanian capitanian carboniferous carnian cenomanian cenozoic changhsingian chattian cisuralian coniacian cretaceous cryogenian cryptic danian dapingian darriwilian devonian drumian ectasian ediacaran eifelian emsian eoarchean eocene famennian floian fortunian frasnian furongian furongian stage10 furongian stage9 gelasian givetian gorstian guadalupian guzhangian gzhelian hadean hauterivian hettangian himantian holocene homerian induan ionian jurassic kasimovian katian kimmeridgian kungurian ladinian langhian llandovery lochkovian lopingian lower cretaceous lower devonian lower imbrian lower jurassic lower mississippian lower ordovician lower pennsylvanian lower triassic ludfordian ludlow lutetian maastrichtian mesoarchean mesoproterozoic mesozoic messinian middle devonian middle jurassic middle mississippian middle ordovician middle pennsylvanian middle triassic miocene mississippian moscovian nectarian neoarchean neogene neoproterozoic norian olenekian oligocene ordovician orosirian oxfordian paibian paleoarchean paleocene paleogene paleoproterozoic paleozoic pennsylvanian permian phanerozoic piacenzian pleistocene pliensbachian pliocene pragian precambrian priabonian pridoli proterozoic quaternary rhaetian rhuddanian rhyacian roadian rupelian sakmarian sandbian santonian selandian serpukhovian serravallian sheinwoodian siderian silurian sinemurian statherian stenian telychian terreneuvian thanetian tithonian toarcian tonian tortonian tournaisian tremadocian triassic turonian upper cretaceous upper devonian upper jurassic upper mississippian upper ordovician upper pennsylvanian upper pleistocene upper triassic valanginian visean wenlock wordian wuchiapingian ypresian zanclean 0.0 0.0 0mya 0.0117 0.0117mya 0.126 0.126mya 0.781 0.781mya 1.806 1.806mya 1000.0 1000mya 11.608 11.608mya 1.0 112.0 112.0mya 1200.0 1200mya 1.0 125.0 125.0mya 13.82 13.82mya 1.6 130.0 130.0mya 133.9 133.9mya 3.0 140.2 140.2mya 1400.0 1400mya 4.0 145.5 145.5mya 15.97 15.97mya 4.0 150.8 150.8mya 155.6 155.6mya 1600.0 1600mya 4.0 161.2 161.2mya 4.0 164.7 164.7mya 3.5 167.7 167.7mya 3.0 171.6 171.6mya 2.0 175.6 175.6mya 1800.0 1800mya 1.5 183.0 183.0mya 1.5 189.6 189.6mya 1.0 196.5 196.5mya 0.6 199.6 199.6mya 2.588 2.588mya 20.43 20.43mya 1.5 203.6 203.6mya 2050.0 2050mya 2.0 216.5 216.5mya 228.7 228.7mya 23.03 23.03mya 2300.0 2300mya 2.0 237.0 237.0mya 245.9 245.9mya 249.5 249.5mya 2500.0 2500mya 0.4 251.0 251.0mya 0.7 253.8 253.8mya 0.7 260.4 260.4mya 0.7 265.8 265.8mya 0.7 268.0 268.0mya 0.7 270.6 270.6mya 0.7 275.6 275.6mya 0.1 28.4 28.4mya 2800.0 2800mya 0.7 284.4 284.4mya 0.8 294.6 294.6mya 0.8 299.0 299.0mya 3.6 3.600mya 0.9 303.4 303.4mya 1.0 307.2 307.2mya 1.1 311.7 311.7mya 1.3 318.1 318.1mya 3200.0 3200mya 1.6 328.3 328.3mya 0.1 33.9 33.9mya 2.1 345.3 345.3mya 2.5 359.2 359.2mya 3600.0 3600mya 0.1 37.2 37.2mya 2.6 374.5 374.5mya 2.6 385.3 385.3mya 2.7 391.8 391.8mya 2.7 397.5 397.5mya 0.2 40.4 40.4mya 4000.0 4000mya 2.8 407.0 407.0mya 2.8 411.2 411.2mya 2.8 416.0 416.0mya 2.7 418.7 418.7mya 2.6 421.3 421.3mya 2.5 422.9 422.9mya 2.4 426.2 426.2mya 2.3 428.2 428.2mya 1.9 436.0 436.0mya 1.8 439.0 439.0mya 1.5 443.7 443.7mya 1.5 445.6 445.6mya 1.6 455.8 455.8mya 1.6 460.9 460.9mya 4600.0 4600mya 1.6 468.1 468.1mya 1.6 471.8 471.8mya 1.7 478.6 478.6mya 0.2 48.6 48.6mya 1.7 488.3 488.3mya 492.0 492mya 496.0 496mya 499.0 499mya 5.332 5.332mya 503.0 503mya 506.5 506.5mya 510.0 510mya 515.0 515mya 521.0 521mya 528.0 528mya 1.0 542.0 542mya 0.2 55.8 55.8mya 0.2 58.7 58.7mya 61.1 61.1mya 635.0 635mya 0.3 65.5 65.5mya 7.246 7.246mya 0.6 70.6 70.6mya 0.7 83.5 83.5mya 0.7 85.8 85.8mya 850.0 850mya 88.6 88.6mya 0.8 93.6 93.6mya 0.9 99.6 99.6mya bright The region of dense cloud near the core of a tropical cyclone. central dense overcast clear cloudy colored dark dim dirty dusty glassy hazy invisible light luminous murky opaque overcast partly cloudy partly sunny When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and heat. sunny sunshine translucent transparent turbid visible 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Agriculture 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Commerce 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Decision 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Assessment 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Conservation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Control 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Environmental Standards 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Jurisdiction 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Knowledge Domain 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Research 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Technology Readiness 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Human Transportation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Materials 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Aerosol 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Animal 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Biomass 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Compound 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Element 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Elemental Molecule 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Energy 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Equipment 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Facility 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Industrial 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Instrument 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Ion 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Isotope 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Microbiota 3.6.0 List of names compiled manually primarily from the index pages of 'Introduction to Mineralogy' by Nesse (2000) (see https://www.worldcat.org/title/introduction-to-mineralogy/oclc/39961846) with supporting information via mindat.org. All newly added minerals are designated by the triple --- dcterms:contributor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610 SWEET Ontology Material Mineral 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Natural Resource 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Organic Compound 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Particle 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Plant 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Rock 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Rock Igneous 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Sediment 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Material Water 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Cloud 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Fog 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Front 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Lightning 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Precipitation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Pressure 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Transport 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Wind 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Atmosphere Wind Mesoscale 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Biology 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Cryosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Cycle 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Cycle Material 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ecology 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena ElectroMagnetic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Energy 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Environmental Impact 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Fluid Dynamics 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Fluid Instability 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Fluid Transport 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Fault 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Geomorphology 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Seismicity 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Tectonic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Geologic Volcano 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Heliosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Hydrosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Mixing 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ocean 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ocean Coastal 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Ocean Dynamics 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Planetary Climate 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Reaction 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Solid 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Star 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena System 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena System Complexity 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Wave 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Phenomena Wave Noise 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Process 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Process Chemical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Process Physical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Process State Change 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Process Wave 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Binary 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Capacity 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Categorical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Charge 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Chemical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Conductivity 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Count 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Difference 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Diffusivity 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Dimensionless Ratio 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Energy 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Energy Flux 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Fraction 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Function 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Index 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Mass 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Mass Flux 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Ordinal 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Pressure 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Quantity 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Rotation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space Direction 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space Distance 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space Height 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space Location 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space Multidimensional 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Space Thickness 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Speed 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Temperature 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Temperature Gradient 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Time 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Property Time Frequency 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Astrophysical Body 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Astrophysical Heliosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Astrophysical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Atmospheric 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Atmospheric Boundary Layer 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Atmospheric Weather 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Biologic Biome 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Climate Zone 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Cryosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Earth Reference 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Basin 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Constituent 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Continental 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Geologic Orogen 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Hydrosphere 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Hydrosphere Body 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Aeolian 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Coastal 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Fluvial 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Glacial 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Orographic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Protected 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Tectonic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Land Volcanic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Landform 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Ocean 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Ocean Feature 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Ocean Floor 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Region 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Realm Soil 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Chemical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Climate 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Human 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Mathematical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Physical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Provenance 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Scientific 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Space 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Relationships Time 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Format 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Model 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Product 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Servcie Analysis 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service Geospatial 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service Reduction 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Data Service Validation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Function 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Function Orthogonal 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Graph 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Operation 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Solution 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Mathematics Statistics 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Component 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Function 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Law 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Representation Scientific Methodology 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Model 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Science Provenance 3.6.0 2021-02-23 SWEET Ontology Representation Scientific Units 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Space 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Space Coordinate 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Space Direction 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Space Geometry 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Space Geometry 3D 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Space Reference System 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Time 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Time Day 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology Representation Time Season 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Biological 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Chemical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Data Processing 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Energy Flux 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Fluid 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Ordinal 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Physical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Realm 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role Biological 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role Chemical 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role Geographic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role Impact 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role Representative 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Role Trust 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Solid 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Space 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Space Configuration 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Space Scale 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Spectral Band 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Spectral Line 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Storm 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State System 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Thermodynamic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Time 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Time Cycle 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Time Frequency 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Time Geologic 3.6.0 SWEET Ontology State Visibility 3.6.0 The semantic web for Earth and environmental terminology (SWEET) is an investigation in improving discovery and use of Earth science data, through software understanding of the semantics of web resources. SWEET is a collection of ontologies conceptualizing a knowledge space for Earth system science, represented using the web ontology language (OWL). It includes both orthogonal concepts (space, time, Earth realms, physical quantities, etc.) and integrative science knowledge concepts (phenomena, events, etc.). The ontology is modularized into 224 component files in this version, each representing a different namespace, with numerous dependencies implemented by OWL imports between the namespace. Component factoring may change in future versions. The original version was developed by Robert Raskin at JPL (see Raskin and Pan, 2005: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.12.004). Stewardship has been taken over by the Earth Science Information Partners Federation (ESIPFed), managed through a GitHub repository at https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet. See https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md for information about providing comments or contributing to development of SWEET. SWEET Ontology 3.6.0 Any nonoccluded front, or portion thereof, that moves so that the colder air replaces the warmer air; that is, the leading edge of a relatively cold air mass. A low-level mesoscale boundary or transition zone hundreds of kilometers in length and up to tens of kilometers in width separating dry air from moist air. The sector, in a horizontal plane, between the occluded front and a secondary cold-front of an occluded cyclone. In meteorology, generally, the interface or transition zone between two air masses of different density The forced ascent of the warmer, less dense air at and near a front, occurring whenever the relative velocities of the two air masses are such that they converge at the front. A front (usually a cold front) at which the warm air descends the frontal surface (except, presumably, in the lowest layers). Frontal surface above which air is descending. A front that forms in the low pressure zone that covers the Mediterranean between the cold air over Europe and the warm air over the Sahara. (Also called baiu front). A quasi-persistent, nearly stationary, east?west-oriented weak baroclinic zone in the lower troposphere that typically stretches from the east China coast, across Taiwan, and eastward into the Pacific, south of Japan. The term ?mei-yu? is the Chinese expression for ?plum rains.? The mei-yu front generally occurs from mid- to late spring through early to midsummer. This low-level baroclinic zone typically lies beneath a confluent jet entrance region aloft situated downstream of the Tibetan Plateau. The mei-yu/baiu front is very significant in the weather and climate of southeast Asia as it serves as the focus for persistent heavy convective rainfall associated with mesoscale convective complexes (MCCs) or mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that propagate eastward along the baroclinic zone. The moisture source is typically the South China Sea and sometimes the Bay of Bengal. The usual lifting mechanism is low-level warm-air advection in association with a low-level jet on the equatorward flank of the baroclinic zone. Deep ascent and resulting organized MCCs/MCSs are especially favored when the low-level warm-air advection is situated beneath the favorable equatorward jet entrance region aloft. A sharp horizontal temperature contrast of a few degrees Celsius within a width of tens of centimeters to a few meters along the trailing edge of a thermal plume in the surface layer of the atmospheric boundary layer. An extension or protrusion of moist air into a region of lower moisture content. Cloudiness and precipitation are closely related to moist tongues. A front that forms as a cyclone moves deeper into colder air. A surface boundary formed by the horizontal spreading of thunderstorm-cooled air. The horizontal discontinuity in temperature and humidity that marks the leading edge of the intrusion of cooler, more moist marine air associated with a sea breeze. A special (and rare) case of the process of occlusion, where the point at which the cold front first overtakes the warm front (or quasi-stationary front) is at some distance from the apex of the wave cyclone. A junction point within the tropics of three distinct air masses, considered to be an ideal point of origin for a tropical cyclone. That area, within the circulation of a wave cyclone, where the warm air is found. Traditionally, it lies between the cold front and warm front of the storm; in the typical case, the warm sector continually diminishes in size and ultimately disappears (at the surface) as the result of occlusion. 1038m 10911m 14.1 million km2 165.2 million km2 2.8 million km2 20.3 million km2 291.0 million km3 323.6 million km3 3926m 3963m 4282m 707.6 million km3 7235m 73.4 million km2 7686m 8047m 82.4 million km2 8605m has dimension 1d 2d 3d 10point7 In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn.