OBO-Edit 2.1 13:03:2012 15:35 default_namespace 1.2 Topito definition database_cross_reference has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym default_namespace part_of part_of Anterior region of the body that contains the palps, chelicerae and hypostome. Capable of dorsal to ventral flexing motion. Homologous with the gnathosoma of mites. The capitulum articulates with the body via a cavity, the camerostome. The capitulum is located at the anterior end of the body in ixodid ticks and the larvae of many argasid ticks. It is located ventrally or subterminal, obscured by an overhang of the anterior end of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 default_namespace Gnathosoma TADS:0000000 Fig. 2-7, Fig. 2-8, Fig. 2-9, Fig. 2-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult capitulum TADS:0000000 Anterior region of the body that contains the palps, chelicerae and hypostome. Capable of dorsal to ventral flexing motion. Homologous with the gnathosoma of mites. The capitulum articulates with the body via a cavity, the camerostome. The capitulum is located at the anterior end of the body in ixodid ticks and the larvae of many argasid ticks. It is located ventrally or subterminal, obscured by an overhang of the anterior end of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The adult body is the region that includes the prosoma and the opisthosoma. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 default_namespace TADS:0000001 Fig. 2-2, Fig. 2-3, Fig. 2-4, Fig. 2-5, Fig. 2-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult body TADS:0000001 The adult body is the region that includes the prosoma and the opisthosoma. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ticks have 4 pairs of walking legs as adults and nymphs (only 3 pair occur in larvae). Each leg consists of 6 segments, the coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus of each leg bears an apotele comprising the claws and the pulvillus (the latter is absent in most argasid tick nymphs and adults). A complex sensory organ, Haller's organ, is located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I. default_namespace TADS:0000002 Fig. 4-20, Fig. 4-21, Fig. 4-22, Fig. 4-23, Fig. 4-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult leg TADS:0000002 Ticks have 4 pairs of walking legs as adults and nymphs (only 3 pair occur in larvae). Each leg consists of 6 segments, the coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus of each leg bears an apotele comprising the claws and the pulvillus (the latter is absent in most argasid tick nymphs and adults). A complex sensory organ, Haller's organ, is located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The paired palps are located on either side of the hypostome and the medially-located chelicerae. Each palp consists of four distinct segment (= articles). In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), the fourth palpal segment is reduced and located in a cavity in the terminal end of segment three. In argasid ticks (Family Argasidae), all four palpal segments are similar in length. The palps provide sensory information about the condition of the host skin in preparation for selecting a site for feeding. default_namespace TADS:0000003 Fig. 2-9, Fig. 2-10, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-13, Fig. 4-14, Fig. 4-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Palp TADS:0000003 The paired palps are located on either side of the hypostome and the medially-located chelicerae. Each palp consists of four distinct segment (= articles). In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), the fourth palpal segment is reduced and located in a cavity in the terminal end of segment three. In argasid ticks (Family Argasidae), all four palpal segments are similar in length. The palps provide sensory information about the condition of the host skin in preparation for selecting a site for feeding. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tip-pore setiform sensilla that have dendrites from both mechanosensory and gustatory neurons. default_namespace TADS:0000004 Fig. 15-22, Fig. 15-23, Fig. 15-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. Type A single pore multifunctional sensillum TADS:0000004 Tip-pore setiform sensilla that have dendrites from both mechanosensory and gustatory neurons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The third segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment has a depression on its terminal (distal) end where the fourth palpal segment is inserted. default_namespace TADS:0000005 Fig. 2-9, Fig. 2-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Article III TADS:0000005 The third segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment has a depression on its terminal (distal) end where the fourth palpal segment is inserted. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The second segment of the palp. default_namespace TADS:0000006 Fig. 2-9, Fig. 2-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Article II TADS:0000006 The second segment of the palp. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The fourth and distal most segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment is much smaller than the other segments and recessed in a depression of article III. The fourth palpal segment contains a prominent field of small tip-pore sensilla that function as gustatory and gustatory/mechanosensory sensilla (possibly also thermosensory functions). These sensilla provide information about the host skin during the attachment phase of tick feeding. default_namespace TADS:0000007 Fig. 2-9, Fig. 2-10, Fig. 15-22, Fig. 15-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Article IV TADS:0000007 The fourth and distal most segment of the palp. In ixodid ticks (Family Ixodidae), this segment is much smaller than the other segments and recessed in a depression of article III. The fourth palpal segment contains a prominent field of small tip-pore sensilla that function as gustatory and gustatory/mechanosensory sensilla (possibly also thermosensory functions). These sensilla provide information about the host skin during the attachment phase of tick feeding. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The hypostome is an unpaired, elongated projection from the basis capituli that is inserted into the skin when the tick feeds. The hypostome contains recurved denticles (teeth) on ventral surface and a narrow channel, the food canal (= hypostomal gutter) on itsdorsal surface. default_namespace TADS:0000009 Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-13, Fig. 4-14, Fig. 4-16, Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Hypostome TADS:0000009 The hypostome is an unpaired, elongated projection from the basis capituli that is inserted into the skin when the tick feeds. The hypostome contains recurved denticles (teeth) on ventral surface and a narrow channel, the food canal (= hypostomal gutter) on itsdorsal surface. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Setiform tip-pore sensilla that have dendrites from gustatory neurons. These sensilla are believed to function as tastereceptors. default_namespace TADS:0000010 Fig. 15-22, Fig. 15-23, Fig. 15-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. Type B single pore chemosensory sensillum TADS:0000010 Setiform tip-pore sensilla that have dendrites from gustatory neurons. These sensilla are believed to function as tastereceptors. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The field of tiny denticles at the anterior end of the hypostome. default_namespace Hypostomal tip denticles TADS:0000011 adult hypostomal corona TADS:0000011 The field of tiny denticles at the anterior end of the hypostome. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The hypostome is armed with numerous recurved denticles (= teeth) that project posteriorly. The denticles are arranged in rows,typically two or three on either side of the center line indicated by the food canal. The number of rows and number of denticles in arow provide useful characters for taxonomic separation of species. default_namespace Teeth TADS:0000012 Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-13, Fig. 4-14, Fig. 4-16, Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hypostomal recuved denticle TADS:0000012 The hypostome is armed with numerous recurved denticles (= teeth) that project posteriorly. The denticles are arranged in rows,typically two or three on either side of the center line indicated by the food canal. The number of rows and number of denticles in arow provide useful characters for taxonomic separation of species. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The chelicerae are the cutting organs used by the tick to penetrate the host's skin. Each chelicera consists of a base, a shaftand the cutting digits, both internal and external digits. The chelicerae are covered with a spinose sheath. The chelicerae are retractable. default_namespace TADS:0000013 Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-2, Fig. 7-6, Fig. 7-11, Fig. 15-25, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult chelicera TADS:0000013 The chelicerae are the cutting organs used by the tick to penetrate the host's skin. Each chelicera consists of a base, a shaftand the cutting digits, both internal and external digits. The chelicerae are covered with a spinose sheath. The chelicerae are retractable. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Food channel through which blood is sucked and/or saliva is delivered. default_namespace Food canal Hypostomal gutter TADS:0000014 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult preoral canal TADS:0000014 Food channel through which blood is sucked and/or saliva is delivered. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Spinose sheath covering the cheliceral shafts but not the digits. Fuses with the dorsal covering or tectum. default_namespace TADS:0000015 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult outer cheliceral sheath TADS:0000015 Spinose sheath covering the cheliceral shafts but not the digits. Fuses with the dorsal covering or tectum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Delicate inner membrane surrounding the shaft of the chelicera. default_namespace TADS:0000016 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult inner cheliceral sheath TADS:0000016 Delicate inner membrane surrounding the shaft of the chelicera. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Delicate membraneous sheath that can be withdrawn to expose the cheliceral digits. default_namespace TADS:0000017 Fig. 2-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cheliceral hood TADS:0000017 Delicate membraneous sheath that can be withdrawn to expose the cheliceral digits. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bublous area at the junction of the capitulum and the body which contains the muscles that move the cheliceral digits. default_namespace TADS:0000018 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cheliceral base TADS:0000018 Bublous area at the junction of the capitulum and the body which contains the muscles that move the cheliceral digits. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Major region of the junction of the capitulum with the body that encloses the cheliceral shafts and cheliceral bases; alsoincludes the pharynx and the salivary ducts. default_namespace TADS:0000019 Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-13, Fig. 4-14, Fig. 4-16, Fig. 7-2, Fig. 7-3, Fig. 7-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. Basis capituli TADS:0000019 Major region of the junction of the capitulum with the body that encloses the cheliceral shafts and cheliceral bases; alsoincludes the pharynx and the salivary ducts. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Roof of the basis capituli that fuses with the outer cheliceral sheaths; also encloses the pharynx, pharyngeal dilater muscles,pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the salivary gland ducts. default_namespace TADS:0000020 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tectum TADS:0000020 Roof of the basis capituli that fuses with the outer cheliceral sheaths; also encloses the pharynx, pharyngeal dilater muscles,pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the salivary gland ducts. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that move the cheliceral digits. default_namespace TADS:0000021 Fig. 7-11, Fig. 7-13, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. Internal cheliceral muscles TADS:0000021 Muscles that move the cheliceral digits. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Flexes inner digit in the lateral direction. default_namespace TADS:0000022 Fig. 4-19, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult flexor tendon of cheliceral digit TADS:0000022 Flexes inner digit in the lateral direction. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Extends (straightens) inner cheliceral digits towards the midline. default_namespace TADS:0000023 Fig. 4-19, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult extensor tendon of cheliceral digit TADS:0000023 Extends (straightens) inner cheliceral digits towards the midline. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large, spiny anterior-most segment of the chelicera that contains cutting spines cutting into the skin of the host. default_namespace Internal article TADS:0000024 Fig. 4-17, Fig. 4-18, Fig. 15-25, Fig. 15-26, Fig. 15-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult inner cheliceral digit TADS:0000024 Large, spiny anterior-most segment of the chelicera that contains cutting spines cutting into the skin of the host. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 default_namespace Adult external article TADS:0000025 Fig. 4.-17, Fig. 4-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult outer cheliceral digit TADS:0000025 The large, sharp tooth on the inner digit. default_namespace TADS:0000026 Fig. 4.-17, Fig. 4-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult medial spine of inner cheliceral digit TADS:0000026 The large, sharp tooth on the inner digit. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. The basal segment (=article) of the palp that is attached to the basis capituli. default_namespace TADS:0000027 Fig. 2-9, Fig. 2-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult article I TADS:0000027 The basal segment (=article) of the palp that is attached to the basis capituli. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This sensillum is innervated by a single neuron believed to have a thermosensory function. default_namespace Pore sensillum TADS:0000028 Fig. 15-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult PS-1 pit sensillum TADS:0000028 This sensillum is innervated by a single neuron believed to have a thermosensory function. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Gustatory chemosensory sensillum innervated by 11 chemosensory dendrites. default_namespace TADS:0000029 Fig. 15-27, in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult PS-2 pit sensillum TADS:0000029 Gustatory chemosensory sensillum innervated by 11 chemosensory dendrites. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Space bounded by the hypostome and chelicerae. default_namespace TADS:0000030 Fig. 7-6, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivarium TADS:0000030 Space bounded by the hypostome and chelicerae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The PSd-1 neuron is believed to function as a thermosensory neuron. default_namespace TADS:0000031 adult PSd-1 neuron TADS:0000031 The PSd-1 neuron is believed to function as a thermosensory neuron. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large flat circular plate at the base of the inner cheliceral digit innervated by mechanosensory dendrites. The placoid sensillum is a mechanosensillum. default_namespace Pit organ in Boophilus microplus TADS:0000032 Fig. 15-29, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult placoid sensillum TADS:0000032 Large flat circular plate at the base of the inner cheliceral digit innervated by mechanosensory dendrites. The placoid sensillum is a mechanosensillum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Nerve within cheliceral digits supply mechanosensory and chemosensory (gustatory) neurons. default_namespace TADS:0000033 Fig. 15-29, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cheliceral nerve TADS:0000033 Nerve within cheliceral digits supply mechanosensory and chemosensory (gustatory) neurons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Branch from cheliceral nerve containing mechanosensory dendrites. default_namespace TADS:0000034 Fig. 15-29, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult placoid sensillum nerve branch TADS:0000034 Branch from cheliceral nerve containing mechanosensory dendrites. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Branch comprising cluster of 11 chemosensory dendrites from cheliceral nerve to PS-2 pit sensillum. default_namespace TADS:0000035 adult PSd-2 nerve branch TADS:0000035 Branch comprising cluster of 11 chemosensory dendrites from cheliceral nerve to PS-2 pit sensillum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Nerve comprising mechanosensory, chemosensory (mostly gustatory) neurons to palpal sensory field sensilla at the tip of Article IV. default_namespace TADS:0000036 Fig. 14-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult papal nerve TADS:0000036 Nerve comprising mechanosensory, chemosensory (mostly gustatory) neurons to palpal sensory field sensilla at the tip of Article IV. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired depressions on dorsal surface of the basis capituli of females containing numerous tiny pores. Function obscure. Believed to supply antioxidants preventing degradation of unsaturated lipids that comprise the waxy secretions supplied by Gene's organ. If the porose areas are blocked, Gene's organ does not function properly. default_namespace TADS:0000037 Fig. 4-1, Fig. 7-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult porose area TADS:0000037 Paired depressions on dorsal surface of the basis capituli of females containing numerous tiny pores. Function obscure. Believed to supply antioxidants preventing degradation of unsaturated lipids that comprise the waxy secretions supplied by Gene's organ. If the porose areas are blocked, Gene's organ does not function properly. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Dorsal plate found in all stages of all ixodid ticks; absent in Argasidae. Sclerotized plate for muscle attachment. Covers anterior region of the body in larvae, nymphs and the entire dorsal body surface in males. default_namespace TADS:0000038 Fig. 2-2, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult scutum TADS:0000038 Dorsal plate found in all stages of all ixodid ticks; absent in Argasidae. Sclerotized plate for muscle attachment. Covers anterior region of the body in larvae, nymphs and the entire dorsal body surface in males. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Flap like structure covering the roof of the preoral canal. Very short in ixodid ticks but long in argasid ticks and extending over the full length of the preoral canal (hypstomal gutter). In argasid ticks, the labrum can move up and down, thereby separating the blood flowing into the mouth from the saliva expelled above it into the salivarium. In argasid ticks, the labrum is hollow and filled with fluid. This is an adaptation for rapid feeding characteristic of these ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000039 Fig. 7-12, Fig. 7-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult labrum TADS:0000039 Flap like structure covering the roof of the preoral canal. Very short in ixodid ticks but long in argasid ticks and extending over the full length of the preoral canal (hypstomal gutter). In argasid ticks, the labrum can move up and down, thereby separating the blood flowing into the mouth from the saliva expelled above it into the salivarium. In argasid ticks, the labrum is hollow and filled with fluid. This is an adaptation for rapid feeding characteristic of these ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Opening found at the junction of the preoral canal and the anterior pharygneal valve (opening of the pharynx). default_namespace Adult buccal cavity TADS:0000040 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-6, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult mouth TADS:0000040 Opening found at the junction of the preoral canal and the anterior pharygneal valve (opening of the pharynx). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Plate for attachment of dorsal dilator muscle of the pharynx. default_namespace Subcheliceral plate TADS:0000041 Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult epistome TADS:0000041 Plate for attachment of dorsal dilator muscle of the pharynx. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Powerful sucking organ that serves as a sucking pump to suck blood from the host during blood feeding. Surrounded by powerful constrictor and dilator muscles. default_namespace TADS:0000042 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-10, Fig. 7-12, Fig. 7-13, Fig. 7-14, Fig. 7-15, Fig. 7-16, Fig. 7-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharynx TADS:0000042 Powerful sucking organ that serves as a sucking pump to suck blood from the host during blood feeding. Surrounded by powerful constrictor and dilator muscles. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A system of tracheal trunks and anastomosing tracheae that extend throughout the body, capitulum and legs to supply oxygen tothe cells and tissues and remove waste CO2. The tracheae end in tracheoles within the individual tissues. Opens to the exterior via the paired spiracles on the lateral margins of the body. default_namespace Adult tracheal system TADS:0000043 adult respiratory system TADS:0000043 A system of tracheal trunks and anastomosing tracheae that extend throughout the body, capitulum and legs to supply oxygen tothe cells and tissues and remove waste CO2. The tracheae end in tracheoles within the individual tissues. Opens to the exterior via the paired spiracles on the lateral margins of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The large chamber just below the ostium that connects the subostial space with the tracheal trunks. default_namespace TADS:0000044 Fig. 12-3, Fig. 12-4, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult atrial chamber TADS:0000044 The large chamber just below the ostium that connects the subostial space with the tracheal trunks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cavity into which blood flows. Separated from the mouth by the anterior pharyngeal valve and the esophagus by the posterior pharyngeal valve. Tri-radial shaped cavity when collapsed, subcircular when filled with fluid. default_namespace TADS:0000045 Fig. 7-10, Fig. 7-12, Fig. 7-15, Fig. 17-16, Fig. 17-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharyngeal lumen TADS:0000045 Cavity into which blood flows. Separated from the mouth by the anterior pharyngeal valve and the esophagus by the posterior pharyngeal valve. Tri-radial shaped cavity when collapsed, subcircular when filled with fluid. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bands of striated muscles that surround the pharynx and collapse it, driving blood posteriorly. Constrictor muscles alternate with dilator muscles to effect the characteristic pumping action. default_namespace TADS:0000046 Fig. 7-10, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharyngeal constrictor muscle TADS:0000046 Bands of striated muscles that surround the pharynx and collapse it, driving blood posteriorly. Constrictor muscles alternate with dilator muscles to effect the characteristic pumping action. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bands of striated muscles extending from the ventral internal surface of the basis capituli to the ventral surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles. default_namespace TADS:0000047 Fig. 17-10, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharyngeal ventral dilator muscle TADS:0000047 Bands of striated muscles extending from the ventral internal surface of the basis capituli to the ventral surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bands of striated muscles extending from the epistome (subcheliceral plate) of the basis capituli to the dorsal surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles. default_namespace TADS:0000048 Fig. 7-10, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharyngeal dorsal dilator muscle TADS:0000048 Bands of striated muscles extending from the epistome (subcheliceral plate) of the basis capituli to the dorsal surface of the pharynx. Alternating with constrictor muscles. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bands of constrictor muscles extending from the lateral margins of the basis capituli to the pharynx. default_namespace TADS:0000049 Fig. 7-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharyngeal lateral dilator muscle TADS:0000049 Bands of constrictor muscles extending from the lateral margins of the basis capituli to the pharynx. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Valve at the anterior end of the pharynx and mouth opening at the end of the preoral canal. default_namespace TADS:0000050 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior pharyngeal valve TADS:0000050 Valve at the anterior end of the pharynx and mouth opening at the end of the preoral canal. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 V-shaped moveable sructure (wedge) that contributes to opening and closing of the valve by fitting into the mouth at the end of the pre-oral canal, thereby opening or closing the connection to the pharynx. When the wedge is raised, the valve is opened, allowing fluid uptake. When lowered, the valve is closed by collapse of its walls and regurgitation is blocked. Opening and closing of the valve is coordinated with constriction and dilation of the pharynx to propel blood posteriorly and prevent regurgitation. default_namespace tooth TADS:0000051 adult v-shaped wedge TADS:0000051 V-shaped moveable sructure (wedge) that contributes to opening and closing of the valve by fitting into the mouth at the end of the pre-oral canal, thereby opening or closing the connection to the pharynx. When the wedge is raised, the valve is opened, allowing fluid uptake. When lowered, the valve is closed by collapse of its walls and regurgitation is blocked. Opening and closing of the valve is coordinated with constriction and dilation of the pharynx to propel blood posteriorly and prevent regurgitation. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Wing-shaped sclerotized plates for support of muscles controlling the action of the pharyngeal valve, Muscle bundles extendfrom the alae to the subcheliceral plate (epistome) and from the alar surfaces to the ventral side of the basis capituli. Dilator muscles of the pharynx also attach to the alar plates. Operation of the anterior pharyngeal valve is accomplished by the contractionof the dilator muscles inserted on the wing-like alae, thereby raising or lowering the v-shaped wedge. When the wedge is raised,fluid is taken up, when lowered, it projects down into the v-shaped valve, sealing it and prevents backflow. default_namespace Alae TADS:0000052 adult alar plate TADS:0000052 Wing-shaped sclerotized plates for support of muscles controlling the action of the pharyngeal valve, Muscle bundles extendfrom the alae to the subcheliceral plate (epistome) and from the alar surfaces to the ventral side of the basis capituli. Dilator muscles of the pharynx also attach to the alar plates. Operation of the anterior pharyngeal valve is accomplished by the contractionof the dilator muscles inserted on the wing-like alae, thereby raising or lowering the v-shaped wedge. When the wedge is raised,fluid is taken up, when lowered, it projects down into the v-shaped valve, sealing it and prevents backflow. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles within the hypostome that extend from the lateral margins to the pre-oral canal (hypostomal gutter) and dilate the channel. Most prominent in argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000053 adult internal hypostomal muscle TADS:0000053 Muscles within the hypostome that extend from the lateral margins to the pre-oral canal (hypostomal gutter) and dilate the channel. Most prominent in argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ducts from the salivary glands to the salivarium. The salivary duct is easily recognized by its banded structure, resembling the taenidia of the trachea, and its connection to the salivary gland. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct. default_namespace TADS:0000054 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary ducts TADS:0000054 Ducts from the salivary glands to the salivarium. The salivary duct is easily recognized by its banded structure, resembling the taenidia of the trachea, and its connection to the salivary gland. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A nerve that originates in the stomadeal pons of the synganglion and runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace stomatogastric nerve TADS:0000055 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult recurrent nerve TADS:0000055 A nerve that originates in the stomadeal pons of the synganglion and runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small teeth on the inner walls of the pharyngeal valve in some ixodid ticks; absent in argasid ticks. When apposed by themoveable v-shaped wedge, the teeth and wedge form a sort of grinding organ. default_namespace TADS:0000056 adult pharyngeal valve teeth TADS:0000056 Small teeth on the inner walls of the pharyngeal valve in some ixodid ticks; absent in argasid ticks. When apposed by themoveable v-shaped wedge, the teeth and wedge form a sort of grinding organ. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cuticle-lined duct from the end of the pharynx to the midgut. No valve has been found at the exit of the pharynx into theesophagus. default_namespace TADS:0000057 Fig. 7-12, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, Fig. 14-7, Fig. 14-8, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, Fig. 14-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult esophagus TADS:0000057 Cuticle-lined duct from the end of the pharynx to the midgut. No valve has been found at the exit of the pharynx into theesophagus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Remainder of the dorsal body surface posterior to the scutum. Covered with flexible, grooved cuticle and capable of extensive expansion. default_namespace TADS:0000058 Fig. 4-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult dorsal alloscutum TADS:0000058 Remainder of the dorsal body surface posterior to the scutum. Covered with flexible, grooved cuticle and capable of extensive expansion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Aperture on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Paired structure located on opposite sides of the body at the same location. In ixodid ticks, the spiracle is located posterior to leg IV and embedded in a large spiracular plate. In argasid ticks, the spiracleis located between legs III and IV, adjacent to a small spiracular plate. default_namespace TADS:0000059 Fig. 4-9, Fig. 4-10, Fig. 12-1, Fig. 12-2, Fig. 12-3, Fig. 12-4, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult spiracle TADS:0000059 Aperture on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Paired structure located on opposite sides of the body at the same location. In ixodid ticks, the spiracle is located posterior to leg IV and embedded in a large spiracular plate. In argasid ticks, the spiracleis located between legs III and IV, adjacent to a small spiracular plate. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Plate surrounding or adjacent to spiracle on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Large plate covered with numerous pore-likestructures in ixodid ticks, small pore-like structures in argasid ticks. Located posterior to leg IV in ixodid ticks, posterior toleg III in argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000060 Fig. 4-9, Fig. 12-1, Fig. 12-2, Fig. 12-3, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult spiracular plate TADS:0000060 Plate surrounding or adjacent to spiracle on the ventro-lateral margin of the body. Large plate covered with numerous pore-likestructures in ixodid ticks, small pore-like structures in argasid ticks. Located posterior to leg IV in ixodid ticks, posterior toleg III in argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Simple eye located on dorso-lateral margin of dorsum, adjacent to the scutum. Paired structure, one on each side of the body. In some species, the eye is located on the lateral margin of the scutum. default_namespace TADS:0000061 Fig. 15-30, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult eye Ixodidae TADS:0000061 Simple eye located on dorso-lateral margin of dorsum, adjacent to the scutum. Paired structure, one on each side of the body. In some species, the eye is located on the lateral margin of the scutum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Simple eye located on the ventro-lateral margin of the body between legs III and IV. Paired structure, one on each side of thebody. Not universally present; some species are without eyes. default_namespace TADS:0000062 Fig. 2-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult eye Argasidae TADS:0000062 Simple eye located on the ventro-lateral margin of the body between legs III and IV. Paired structure, one on each side of thebody. Not universally present; some species are without eyes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired structure on dorsal body. In females, the foveal pores are located in the alloscutal region just posterior to the scutum. In males, the much smaller foveal pores are located in the middle of the sctum. The foveal pores contain numerous tinyapertures and serve as the site for emission of the sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Absent in Prostriate and argasid ticks. default_namespace Foveae TADS:0000063 Fig. 19-3, Fig. 19-4, Fig. 19-5, Fig. 19-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal pore TADS:0000063 Paired structure on dorsal body. In females, the foveal pores are located in the alloscutal region just posterior to the scutum. In males, the much smaller foveal pores are located in the middle of the sctum. The foveal pores contain numerous tinyapertures and serve as the site for emission of the sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Absent in Prostriate and argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired multicellular glands connected to the foveal pores by simple ducts. Each gland consists of large cells filled withinnumerable lipid droplets containing sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Site of sex pheromone biosynthesis and secretion during female feeding. default_namespace Sex pheromone glands TADS:0000064 Fig. 19-15, Fig. 19-17, Fig. 19-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal gland TADS:0000064 Paired multicellular glands connected to the foveal pores by simple ducts. Each gland consists of large cells filled withinnumerable lipid droplets containing sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol. Site of sex pheromone biosynthesis and secretion during female feeding. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Single sensory nerve innervating the foveal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000065 Fig. 14-21, Fig. 14-22, Fig. 14-23, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal nerve TADS:0000065 Single sensory nerve innervating the foveal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Pore located in the ventral midline of the body for elimination of fecal and excretory wastes. default_namespace Anal pore TADS:0000066 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-12, Fig. 4-25, Fig. 10-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anus TADS:0000066 Pore located in the ventral midline of the body for elimination of fecal and excretory wastes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Location where spermatophores are inserted duringcopulation and from which ova emerge during oviposition. Subtriangular depression in ixodid females; broad, lateral slit in argasidfemales. Opens into the vestibular vagina. default_namespace Adult female genital aperture Adult female genital groove TADS:0000067 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 2-5, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-7, Fig. 16-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult female genital pore TADS:0000067 Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Location where spermatophores are inserted duringcopulation and from which ova emerge during oviposition. Subtriangular depression in ixodid females; broad, lateral slit in argasidfemales. Opens into the vestibular vagina. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Subrectangular structure. Location from which thespermatophores are extruded from the male body during copulation. Covered by a movable flap which opens to allow the spermatophore to emerge. default_namespace TADS:0000068 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male genital pore TADS:0000068 Located in anterior ventral midline between the coxae of legs II and III. Subrectangular structure. Location from which thespermatophores are extruded from the male body during copulation. Covered by a movable flap which opens to allow the spermatophore to emerge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Groove in the ventral posterior mid-line of the body anterior to the anal pore in the Prostriata but posterior to the anal pore in the Metastriata. default_namespace TADS:0000069 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anal groove TADS:0000069 Groove in the ventral posterior mid-line of the body anterior to the anal pore in the Prostriata but posterior to the anal pore in the Metastriata. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Groove that separates the dorsal and ventral regions of the body along the lateral margins. Found only in argasid ticks of thegenus Argas. A margin groove also occurs on the dorsal body surface of females of the genus Ixodes. default_namespace TADS:0000070 Fig. 2-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult marginal groove TADS:0000070 Groove that separates the dorsal and ventral regions of the body along the lateral margins. Found only in argasid ticks of thegenus Argas. A margin groove also occurs on the dorsal body surface of females of the genus Ixodes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Protruding anterior extension of the body in argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros that obscures the capitulum in dorsal view. default_namespace TADS:0000071 Fig. 2-6, Fig. 7-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hood TADS:0000071 Protruding anterior extension of the body in argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros that obscures the capitulum in dorsal view. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the body posterior to the leg coxae that bears the spiracles and the anal aperture. default_namespace TADS:0000072 Fig. 4-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult opisthosoma TADS:0000072 Region of the body posterior to the leg coxae that bears the spiracles and the anal aperture. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the body bearing the legs and the genital pore. default_namespace TADS:0000073 Fig. 4-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult podosoma TADS:0000073 Region of the body bearing the legs and the genital pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Sclerotized plate on the ventral surface of the males of the genus Ixodes anterior to the genital pore. default_namespace Adult sternal plate TADS:0000074 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pregenital plate TADS:0000074 Sclerotized plate on the ventral surface of the males of the genus Ixodes anterior to the genital pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Slerotized plate on the ventral median region of the body of males of the genus Ixodes. Located posterior to the male genitalpore but anterior to the anal pore. default_namespace TADS:0000075 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult median plate TADS:0000075 Slerotized plate on the ventral median region of the body of males of the genus Ixodes. Located posterior to the male genitalpore but anterior to the anal pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Sclerotized plate on the body of the males of the genus Ixodes located posterior to the median plate and surrounding the anal pore. default_namespace TADS:0000076 Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anal plate TADS:0000076 Sclerotized plate on the body of the males of the genus Ixodes located posterior to the median plate and surrounding the anal pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Sclerotized plate on ventral opisthosomal surface of the males of the genus Ixodes lateral to the anal plate. default_namespace TADS:0000077 Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult adanal plate TADS:0000077 Sclerotized plate on ventral opisthosomal surface of the males of the genus Ixodes lateral to the anal plate. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Sclerotized plate on the ventral opisthosomal region of the males of the genus Ixodes. Located along the lateral margin of the body posterior to the spiracular plate. default_namespace TADS:0000078 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult epimeral plate TADS:0000078 Sclerotized plate on the ventral opisthosomal region of the males of the genus Ixodes. Located along the lateral margin of the body posterior to the spiracular plate. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired flap like structures on the anterior ventral surface of the body adjacent to the capitulum of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. default_namespace TADS:0000079 Fig. 2-6, Fig. 7-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cheek TADS:0000079 Paired flap like structures on the anterior ventral surface of the body adjacent to the capitulum of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired glands located in the ventral anterior region inside the body of adult and nymphal argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000080 Fig. 10-1, Fig. 10-9, Fig. 10-10, Fig. 10-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal gland TADS:0000080 Paired glands located in the ventral anterior region inside the body of adult and nymphal argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Collecting tubule of each coxal gland. Consists of several regions ending distally in the coxal pore. default_namespace Coxal duct TADS:0000081 Fig. 10-9, Fig. 10-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal tubule TADS:0000081 Collecting tubule of each coxal gland. Consists of several regions ending distally in the coxal pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tiny pore located on each side of the ventral opithosomal region of the body of argasid ticks between the coxae of legs I andII. Absent in ixodid ticks. default_namespace Adult coxal gland aperture TADS:0000082 Fig. 4-26, Fig. 10-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal pore TADS:0000082 Tiny pore located on each side of the ventral opithosomal region of the body of argasid ticks between the coxae of legs I andII. Absent in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the coiled collecting duct within the body of the coxal gland. Connects to the coxal pore. default_namespace TADS:0000083 Fig. 10-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult distal tubule of coxal gland TADS:0000083 Region of the coiled collecting duct within the body of the coxal gland. Connects to the coxal pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal gland. Located entirely within the body of the coxal gland and surrounded bythe filtration membrane. Responsible for water and salt elimination and selective ion resorption. default_namespace TADS:0000084 .. 10-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult proximal tubule of coxal gland TADS:0000084 Region of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal gland. Located entirely within the body of the coxal gland and surrounded bythe filtration membrane. Responsible for water and salt elimination and selective ion resorption. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Highly folded delicate membrane forming the outer surface of the coxal gland of argasid ticks. Invests the interior coiledcollecting ducts in a labyrinthine network. Responsible for ultrafiltration of walter and salts from the hemolymph. default_namespace TADS:0000085 Fig. 10-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal gland filtration membrane TADS:0000085 Highly folded delicate membrane forming the outer surface of the coxal gland of argasid ticks. Invests the interior coiledcollecting ducts in a labyrinthine network. Responsible for ultrafiltration of walter and salts from the hemolymph. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cells that form the lining of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000086 Fig. 10-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal tubule podocyte TADS:0000086 Cells that form the lining of the coiled collecting duct of the coxal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ducts of the foveal glands connecting the secretory cells of the foveal glands with the foveal pores in the foveae on the body surface. default_namespace Foveal pore tubules TADS:0000087 Fig. 19-15, Fig. 19-16, Fig. 19-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal duct TADS:0000087 Ducts of the foveal glands connecting the secretory cells of the foveal glands with the foveal pores in the foveae on the body surface. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Numerous tiny slit-like pores that occur on the surface of the allocscutum in ixodid ticks. Also occur on the surface of thescutum. These pores function as mechanosensilla. default_namespace TADS:0000088 Fig. 4-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult sensilla auriformia TADS:0000088 Numerous tiny slit-like pores that occur on the surface of the allocscutum in ixodid ticks. Also occur on the surface of thescutum. These pores function as mechanosensilla. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Hair-like structures that occur all over the body. Most are mechanosensory in function. default_namespace setiform sensilla TADS:0000089 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-8, Fig. 5-9, Fig. 5-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult setae TADS:0000089 Hair-like structures that occur all over the body. Most are mechanosensory in function. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired grooves located in the median region of the scutum in most ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000090 Fig. 2-2, Fig. 4-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cervical groove TADS:0000090 Paired grooves located in the median region of the scutum in most ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired shallow grooves that occur near the lateral regions of the scutum in some prostriate ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000091 Fig. 2-2, Fig. 4-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult lateral groove TADS:0000091 Paired shallow grooves that occur near the lateral regions of the scutum in some prostriate ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ridges located on the lateral sides of the scutum in some ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000092 Fig. 2-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult lateral carina TADS:0000092 Ridges located on the lateral sides of the scutum in some ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cavity with elevated margins in the anterior region of the body within which the capitulum is situated. default_namespace Emargination cavity (Ixodidae) TADS:0000093 Fig. 2-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult camerostome TADS:0000093 Cavity with elevated margins in the anterior region of the body within which the capitulum is situated. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Innumerable tiny folds of cuticle on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Presents a granularappearance. Absent in larvae. Absent in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000094 Fig. 2-4, Fig. 2-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult mammillae TADS:0000094 Innumerable tiny folds of cuticle on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Presents a granularappearance. Absent in larvae. Absent in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small rectangular plates that occur on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Argas. default_namespace TADS:0000095 Fig. 2-4, Fig. 2-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult disc TADS:0000095 Small rectangular plates that occur on the surface of the body of argasid ticks of the genus Argas. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Groove located in the ventral median opisthosomal region of the body of some argasid ticks, especially species of the genus Ornithodoros. Extends from the anus to the transverse post-anal groove. Absent in larvae. default_namespace Median post-anal groove TADS:0000096 Fig. 4-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult post-anal groove TADS:0000096 Groove located in the ventral median opisthosomal region of the body of some argasid ticks, especially species of the genus Ornithodoros. Extends from the anus to the transverse post-anal groove. Absent in larvae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Groove located near the posterior margin of the ventral opisthosomal region of some species of argasid ticks, especially in the genus Ornithodoros. Intersects with the post-anal groove. Absent in larvae. default_namespace TADS:0000097 Fig. 4-12, Fig. 4-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult transverse post-anal groove TADS:0000097 Groove located near the posterior margin of the ventral opisthosomal region of some species of argasid ticks, especially in the genus Ornithodoros. Intersects with the post-anal groove. Absent in larvae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Numerous semi-transparent structures throughout the surface of the spiracular plate containing aeropyles within each goblet. Absent in argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000098 Fig. 12-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult goblet TADS:0000098 Numerous semi-transparent structures throughout the surface of the spiracular plate containing aeropyles within each goblet. Absent in argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cavities within the spiracular plate structure represented externally by the goblets. Separated from one another by pedicels. default_namespace TADS:0000099 adult aeropyle TADS:0000099 Cavities within the spiracular plate structure represented externally by the goblets. Separated from one another by pedicels. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Pillars of cuticle separating the individual air spaces (aeropyles). default_namespace TADS:0000100 Fig. 12-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pedicel TADS:0000100 Pillars of cuticle separating the individual air spaces (aeropyles). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small raised structure adjacent to the ostium. default_namespace TADS:0000101 Fig. 12-1, Fig. 12-2, Fig. 12-3, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult macula TADS:0000101 Small raised structure adjacent to the ostium. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Opening from the atrial chamber of the respiratory system to the exterior. In argasid ticks, pressure from the raised macula closes the ostial aperture. default_namespace TADS:0000102 Fig. 4-9, Fig. 4-10, Fig. 12-3, Fig. 12-4, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ostium of the spiracle. TADS:0000102 Opening from the atrial chamber of the respiratory system to the exterior. In argasid ticks, pressure from the raised macula closes the ostial aperture. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Prominent anteriorly protruding spine-like extension of the scutum on either side of the capitulum in some species of ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000103 Fig. 2-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult scapula TADS:0000103 Prominent anteriorly protruding spine-like extension of the scutum on either side of the capitulum in some species of ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Fold along the dorso-lateral margin of the body in some species of ixodid ticks, separated on the medial side by the marginalgroove. default_namespace TADS:0000104 Fig. 2-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult marginal body fold TADS:0000104 Fold along the dorso-lateral margin of the body in some species of ixodid ticks, separated on the medial side by the marginalgroove. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Prominent folds on the ventro-lateral margins of argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae. The eyes, spiracles and coxal poresare located on the supracoxal folds. default_namespace TADS:0000105 Fig. 2-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7, Fig. 25. adult supracoxal fold TADS:0000105 Prominent folds on the ventro-lateral margins of argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae. The eyes, spiracles and coxal poresare located on the supracoxal folds. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Subrectangular areas on the ventral posterior margins of the body of some species of ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000106 Fig. 2-47, Fig. 2-48, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult festoon TADS:0000106 Subrectangular areas on the ventral posterior margins of the body of some species of ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Prominent fold on the ventral surface of the body in some argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae. default_namespace TADS:0000107 Fig. 2-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal fold TADS:0000107 Prominent fold on the ventral surface of the body in some argasid ticks adjacent to the leg coxae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The body covering consisting of the cuticle and the underlying epidermis. default_namespace TADS:0000108 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult integument TADS:0000108 The body covering consisting of the cuticle and the underlying epidermis. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tissue that secretes the cuticle. Layer of epithelial cells. Also secretes enzymes that dissolve old cuticle and secrete newcuticle during molting. default_namespace TADS:0000109 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, Fig. 5-13, Fig. 5-14, Fig. 5-15, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult epidermis TADS:0000109 Tissue that secretes the cuticle. Layer of epithelial cells. Also secretes enzymes that dissolve old cuticle and secrete newcuticle during molting. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Dead outer part of the integument made up of primarily of protein and chitin. default_namespace Exoskeleton TADS:0000110 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, Fig. 5-3, Fig. 5-4, Fig. 5-5, Fig. 5-6, Fig. 5-7, Fig. 5-13, Fig. 5-14, Fig. 5-15, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cuticle TADS:0000110 Dead outer part of the integument made up of primarily of protein and chitin. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Thin (1 - 2 microns) outermost layer of the cuticle composed entirely of protein. This layer is not resorbed during molting butis shed during the molting process and discarded (exuviae or molted skin). default_namespace TADS:0000111 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult epicuticle TADS:0000111 Thin (1 - 2 microns) outermost layer of the cuticle composed entirely of protein. This layer is not resorbed during molting butis shed during the molting process and discarded (exuviae or molted skin). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the cuticle under the epicuticle composed of a mixture of protein and chitin compounds. Resorbed during the ecdysial(molting) process. default_namespace TADS:0000112 Fig. 5-1; Fig, 5-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult procuticle TADS:0000112 Region of the cuticle under the epicuticle composed of a mixture of protein and chitin compounds. Resorbed during the ecdysial(molting) process. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Consists of numerous microfibrils perpendicular to the cuticular surface forming a striated appearance (as seen with theelectron microscope). default_namespace TADS:0000113 adult dense homogenous layer TADS:0000113 Consists of numerous microfibrils perpendicular to the cuticular surface forming a striated appearance (as seen with theelectron microscope). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Thin electron dense layer composed of complex tanned lipoproteins. First layer secreted during cuticle synthesis. default_namespace Polyphenol layer of epicuticle TADS:0000114 adult cuticulin layer TADS:0000114 Thin electron dense layer composed of complex tanned lipoproteins. First layer secreted during cuticle synthesis. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In ixodid ticks, this is the outermost layer. Secreted by the dermal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000115 adult wax layer TADS:0000115 In ixodid ticks, this is the outermost layer. Secreted by the dermal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Outermost layer of the epicuticle in argasid ticks. Secreted by the dermal glands. Present only in argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000116 adult cement layer TADS:0000116 Outermost layer of the epicuticle in argasid ticks. Secreted by the dermal glands. Present only in argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Glands located in the integument consisting of two or three cells that secrete waxy fluids onto the cuticle via ducts. Most common type of dermal gland. In Argasidae, these glands are believed to secrete the cement layer. default_namespace TADS:0000117 Fig. 5-11, Fig. 5-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult dermal glands Type I TADS:0000117 Glands located in the integument consisting of two or three cells that secrete waxy fluids onto the cuticle via ducts. Most common type of dermal gland. In Argasidae, these glands are believed to secrete the cement layer. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Dermal glands located on the ventro-lateral regionof the body of the males of several African Amblyomma species. The glands comprise two or three enormously enlarged cells. These glands are reported to be the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the bont tick attraction/aggregation/attachment (AAA) pheromone. See also J. Chem. Ecology 17: 833 - 847. default_namespace TADS:0000118 adult dermal glands Type II TADS:0000118 Dermal glands located on the ventro-lateral regionof the body of the males of several African Amblyomma species. The glands comprise two or three enormously enlarged cells. These glands are reported to be the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the bont tick attraction/aggregation/attachment (AAA) pheromone. See also J. Chem. Ecology 17: 833 - 847. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired glands comprised of clusters of white multicellular acini (lobes) arranged around a common salivary duct. The salivary glands are located in the antero-lateral regions of the body. The salivary glands are among the largest glands in the body. The salivary glands are comprised of two types of acini (alveoli), agranular acini (type I acaini) located near the anterior end of the gland and up to three types of granular acini (types II, III and IV), located in the middle and posterior regions of the gland. Agranular acini open directly into the main salivary duct. The granular acini open into intralobular ducts that ramify among the acini, eventually joining the main salivary duct. default_namespace TADS:0000119 Fig. 8-1, Fig. 8-2, Fig. 8-3, Fig. 8-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland TADS:0000119 Paired glands comprised of clusters of white multicellular acini (lobes) arranged around a common salivary duct. The salivary glands are located in the antero-lateral regions of the body. The salivary glands are among the largest glands in the body. The salivary glands are comprised of two types of acini (alveoli), agranular acini (type I acaini) located near the anterior end of the gland and up to three types of granular acini (types II, III and IV), located in the middle and posterior regions of the gland. Agranular acini open directly into the main salivary duct. The granular acini open into intralobular ducts that ramify among the acini, eventually joining the main salivary duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Outermost, non-lamellated region of the procuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000120 adult exocuticle TADS:0000120 Outermost, non-lamellated region of the procuticle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The innermost zone of the procuticle. This region contains numerous lamellae composed of tiny microfibrils. It is permeated by innumerable tiny canaliculi that pass through the endocuticle, forming an anastomosing network of canals. default_namespace TADS:0000121 adult Endocuticle TADS:0000121 The innermost zone of the procuticle. This region contains numerous lamellae composed of tiny microfibrils. It is permeated by innumerable tiny canaliculi that pass through the endocuticle, forming an anastomosing network of canals. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tiny submicroscopic or barely microscopic canaliculi normally visible only with the electron microscope. Permeate the endocuticle. Function unknown. default_namespace TADS:0000122 adult pore canal TADS:0000122 Tiny submicroscopic or barely microscopic canaliculi normally visible only with the electron microscope. Permeate the endocuticle. Function unknown. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Duct from the cells of the dermal gland to the exterior of the cuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000123 adult dermal gland duct TADS:0000123 Duct from the cells of the dermal gland to the exterior of the cuticle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Valve-like structure at the junction of the dermal gland duct and the dermal gland cells. default_namespace TADS:0000124 adult dermal gland ampulla TADS:0000124 Valve-like structure at the junction of the dermal gland duct and the dermal gland cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Socket-like sensilla, somewhat broader than the sensilla auriformia, that occur on the surface of the alloscutum. Believed to function as strectch receptors. default_namespace TADS:0000125 adult sensilla hastiformia TADS:0000125 Socket-like sensilla, somewhat broader than the sensilla auriformia, that occur on the surface of the alloscutum. Believed to function as strectch receptors. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cluster of non-granular cells located along the anterior part of the salivary ducts. Also known as agranular acini. Believed to be responsible for hygroscopic regulation of water balance by direct sorption of atmospheric moisture. Type I acini secrete highlyconcentrated salty solutions into the preoral canal and suck back the dilute solutions, thereby gaining new water. default_namespace Agranular acini Pyramidal alveoli TADS:0000126 Fig. 8-5, Fig. 8-6, Fig. 8-7, Fig. 8-8, Fig. 8-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivay gand type I acinus TADS:0000126 Cluster of non-granular cells located along the anterior part of the salivary ducts. Also known as agranular acini. Believed to be responsible for hygroscopic regulation of water balance by direct sorption of atmospheric moisture. Type I acini secrete highlyconcentrated salty solutions into the preoral canal and suck back the dilute solutions, thereby gaining new water. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Granular acini clustered around secondary salivay ducts. Do not connect directly to the main salivary duct, but rather connectvia secondary ducts. Type II acini contain three types of granular cells, A, B and C, so-called because of differences in the granules. default_namespace TADS:0000127 adult salivary gland type II acini TADS:0000127 Granular acini clustered around secondary salivay ducts. Do not connect directly to the main salivary duct, but rather connectvia secondary ducts. Type II acini contain three types of granular cells, A, B and C, so-called because of differences in the granules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A cluster of acini located primarily in the posterior region of the salivary gland, connected via secondary ducts to the mainsalivary gland duct. Comprised of three major cell types, D, E and F cells. According to Jaworski et al (1992), the cement compoundsused to bind the tick mouthparts to the host skin are elaborated in the D and E cells of these acini. Bishop et al (2002) report acement protein from the type E cells of the type III acini in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. The F cell is transformed during bloodfeeding by membrane infolding to form an enormous labyrinthe system for extracting water and salts from the hemolymph and secreting them into the salivary ducts for excretion back into the host. The type III acini are the primary sites for development of sporozoites of Theileria parva, the agent of East Coast Fever. default_namespace TADS:0000128 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland type III acini TADS:0000128 A cluster of acini located primarily in the posterior region of the salivary gland, connected via secondary ducts to the mainsalivary gland duct. Comprised of three major cell types, D, E and F cells. According to Jaworski et al (1992), the cement compoundsused to bind the tick mouthparts to the host skin are elaborated in the D and E cells of these acini. Bishop et al (2002) report acement protein from the type E cells of the type III acini in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. The F cell is transformed during bloodfeeding by membrane infolding to form an enormous labyrinthe system for extracting water and salts from the hemolymph and secreting them into the salivary ducts for excretion back into the host. The type III acini are the primary sites for development of sporozoites of Theileria parva, the agent of East Coast Fever. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Type of cell found in the Type II acini of the salivary glands in ixodid ticks. Type A cells contain numerous granules ofunknown function. default_namespace TADS:0000129 adult salivary gland A cell TADS:0000129 Type of cell found in the Type II acini of the salivary glands in ixodid ticks. Type A cells contain numerous granules ofunknown function. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cells found in the Type II acini. Crause et al (1993) reported finding that tick toxin from three species of ixodid ticks wasidentified in these cells by immunocytochemical assay. default_namespace TADS:0000130 adult salivary gland B cell TADS:0000130 Cells found in the Type II acini. Crause et al (1993) reported finding that tick toxin from three species of ixodid ticks wasidentified in these cells by immunocytochemical assay. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cell type found in the Type II acini of the salivay glands of ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000131 adult salivary gland C cell TADS:0000131 Cell type found in the Type II acini of the salivay glands of ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large cell in the center of the acini in direct contact with the main salivary duct. The membrane is folded into a labyrinthine network with the lamellae oriented from the apex to the periphery of the cells. This profusion of densely packed lamellae almost all oriented in the same direction gives the acinus its characteristic foliate or striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope. default_namespace Central lamellate cell TADS:0000132 Fig. 8-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland type I central cell TADS:0000132 Large cell in the center of the acini in direct contact with the main salivary duct. The membrane is folded into a labyrinthine network with the lamellae oriented from the apex to the periphery of the cells. This profusion of densely packed lamellae almost all oriented in the same direction gives the acinus its characteristic foliate or striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large cells located along the peripheral margins of the type I acini. The cytoplasm of the peripheral cells also exhibits anenormous proliferation of lamellate sheets at their hemolymph borders contributing their striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope. default_namespace Neck cells Peripheral lamellate cells TADS:0000133 Fig. 8-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland type I peripheral cell TADS:0000133 Large cells located along the peripheral margins of the type I acini. The cytoplasm of the peripheral cells also exhibits anenormous proliferation of lamellate sheets at their hemolymph borders contributing their striate appearance when viewed with the light microscope. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cells reponsible for secreting the intralobular acinar duct. In type I acini, the acinar duct is extremely short and leads directly into the main salivary duct. Thus the agranular type I acini appear to communicate directly with the main salivary duct. In the type II and type III acini, the acinar duct is bifurcated and communicates with the secondary ducts, not the main salivary duct. default_namespace Neck cells TADS:0000134 Fig. 8-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland peritubular cell TADS:0000134 Cells reponsible for secreting the intralobular acinar duct. In type I acini, the acinar duct is extremely short and leads directly into the main salivary duct. Thus the agranular type I acini appear to communicate directly with the main salivary duct. In the type II and type III acini, the acinar duct is bifurcated and communicates with the secondary ducts, not the main salivary duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bifurcate ducts from within the acini that coalesce and fuse with the main salivary duct. Salivary fluids from the acini are transported via these secondary ducts to the main salivary duct for transport to the exterior. default_namespace Acinar duct Secondary salivary ducts TADS:0000135 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland intralobular duct TADS:0000135 Bifurcate ducts from within the acini that coalesce and fuse with the main salivary duct. Salivary fluids from the acini are transported via these secondary ducts to the main salivary duct for transport to the exterior. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These cells occur along the outer edges of the type II or type III acini, sandwiched between the much larger granule-filled secretory cells. default_namespace TADS:0000136 Fig. 8-10, Fig. 8-12, Fig. 8-13, Fig. 8-14, Fig. 8-15, Fig. 8-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland granular acini ablumenal cell TADS:0000136 These cells occur along the outer edges of the type II or type III acini, sandwiched between the much larger granule-filled secretory cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Long narrow cells that are situated between the much larger granular secretory cells and extend from the central lumen almost to the periphery of the acinus. During feeding, the adlumenal cells enlarge and function as myoepithelial cells. default_namespace TADS:0000137 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland granular acini adlumenal interstitial cell TADS:0000137 Long narrow cells that are situated between the much larger granular secretory cells and extend from the central lumen almost to the periphery of the acinus. During feeding, the adlumenal cells enlarge and function as myoepithelial cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A type of granular acinus found only in males of ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000138 adult salivary gland type IV acini TADS:0000138 A type of granular acinus found only in males of ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cell type found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. Each D cell occurs near the acinar duct and resembles the A cells of the type II acini. The D cells contains heterogenous, compound granules composed of numerous subunits. The D and E cells are believed to secrete the compound or compounds that are a part of the attachment cement ( A 90 kDa protein homologous in part with a smaller protein found in the cement cone). default_namespace TADS:0000139 Fig. 8-10, Fig. 8-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland D cell TADS:0000139 Cell type found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. Each D cell occurs near the acinar duct and resembles the A cells of the type II acini. The D cells contains heterogenous, compound granules composed of numerous subunits. The D and E cells are believed to secrete the compound or compounds that are a part of the attachment cement ( A 90 kDa protein homologous in part with a smaller protein found in the cement cone). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cell type found in the Type III acini of the salivary glands. This is the dominant cell type found in the Type III acini. These cells are filled with numerous homogeneous granules up to 6 microns in diameter. These granules are composed of numerous densely packed subunits. E cells are also (along with D cells) believed to the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the cement compounds. These cells deplete the granules soon after attachment and gradually atrophy as feeding progresses. default_namespace TADS:0000140 Fig. 8-10, Fig. 8-13, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland E cell TADS:0000140 Cell type found in the Type III acini of the salivary glands. This is the dominant cell type found in the Type III acini. These cells are filled with numerous homogeneous granules up to 6 microns in diameter. These granules are composed of numerous densely packed subunits. E cells are also (along with D cells) believed to the site of biosynthesis and secretion of the cement compounds. These cells deplete the granules soon after attachment and gradually atrophy as feeding progresses. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cell found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. These cells deplete their granules within two days after attachment. Thereafter, they transform, develop an elaborate basal labyrinth and a huge intra-acinar lumen. They complete their transformation and their fullest development during the period of rapid engorgement. They are now specialized for rapid water and electrolyte secretion which enables the tick to suck huge quantities of blood while eliminating the excess blood meal water. default_namespace Vacuolar cells Water cell TADS:0000141 Fig. 8-10: Fig. 8-13, Fig. 8-14, Fig. 8-15, Fig. 8-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland F cell TADS:0000141 Cell found in the type III acini of the salivary gland. These cells deplete their granules within two days after attachment. Thereafter, they transform, develop an elaborate basal labyrinth and a huge intra-acinar lumen. They complete their transformation and their fullest development during the period of rapid engorgement. They are now specialized for rapid water and electrolyte secretion which enables the tick to suck huge quantities of blood while eliminating the excess blood meal water. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Undifferentiated cells (stem cells) from which all other cell types differentiate during and after feeding. default_namespace Stem cells TADS:0000142 Fig. 9-6, Fig. 9-10, Fig. 9-14, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut lining UDC cell TADS:0000142 Undifferentiated cells (stem cells) from which all other cell types differentiate during and after feeding. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Secretory cells filled with spherical secretion granuls. The secretions of the Type IV acini are believed to contribute somecomponent of the saliva that reduces spermatophore adhesion during copulation so t hat the spermatophore can be transferred to the female genital pore without adhering to other body structures. default_namespace TADS:0000143 adult salivary gland G cell TADS:0000143 Secretory cells filled with spherical secretion granuls. The secretions of the Type IV acini are believed to contribute somecomponent of the saliva that reduces spermatophore adhesion during copulation so t hat the spermatophore can be transferred to the female genital pore without adhering to other body structures. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small, secondary ducts that connect the individual granular acini to the main salivary duct. default_namespace TADS:0000144 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland lobular duct TADS:0000144 Small, secondary ducts that connect the individual granular acini to the main salivary duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Temporary lumen that forms in the Type III acinus during the later stages of blood feeding when the F cells transforms and prepares the acinus for water elimination. default_namespace TADS:0000145 Fig. 8-10, Fig. 8-17, Fig. 8-18, Fig. 8-19, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland acinar lumen TADS:0000145 Temporary lumen that forms in the Type III acinus during the later stages of blood feeding when the F cells transforms and prepares the acinus for water elimination. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 System consisting of the heart, aorta, periganglionic sinus, pericardial sinus, dorsal and ventral anterior sinuses and the four pedal arteries. default_namespace TADS:0000146 Fig. 11.1, 11.2. adult circulatory system TADS:0000146 System consisting of the heart, aorta, periganglionic sinus, pericardial sinus, dorsal and ventral anterior sinuses and the four pedal arteries. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 An elongated thin walled, saclike structure composed of a layer of epithelium and smooth muscle fibers located in the dorsal mid line of the body lying just below the paired dorsal foveae. default_namespace TADS:0000147 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult heart TADS:0000147 An elongated thin walled, saclike structure composed of a layer of epithelium and smooth muscle fibers located in the dorsal mid line of the body lying just below the paired dorsal foveae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A thin membranous epithelial sac that surrounds heart and separates it from the hemocoel. The pericardial sinus filters the hemolymph that diffuses into the pericardial sinus before entering the heart. default_namespace TADS:0000148 adult pericardial sinus TADS:0000148 A thin membranous epithelial sac that surrounds heart and separates it from the hemocoel. The pericardial sinus filters the hemolymph that diffuses into the pericardial sinus before entering the heart. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Narrow hemolymph-filled cavity surrounding the synganglion and continuous with the pericardial sinus. default_namespace TADS:0000149 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult periganglionic sinus TADS:0000149 Narrow hemolymph-filled cavity surrounding the synganglion and continuous with the pericardial sinus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bulbous thickened posterior region of the heart. This is the pulsatile region. The heart muscle is especially thickened here with bands of striated muscle oriented circularly. Constriction of the muscles in this region drives the hemolymph anteriorly. default_namespace TADS:0000150 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks. adult heart pulsatile region TADS:0000150 Bulbous thickened posterior region of the heart. This is the pulsatile region. The heart muscle is especially thickened here with bands of striated muscle oriented circularly. Constriction of the muscles in this region drives the hemolymph anteriorly. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cone shaped anterior region that fuses with the aorta. In the anterior region, the heart is cone-shaped with the muscles oriented longitudinally. An aortic valve located at the junction between the end of the anterior region and the aorta prevents backflow. default_namespace Aortic myocardial zone TADS:0000151 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult heart anterior region TADS:0000151 Cone shaped anterior region that fuses with the aorta. In the anterior region, the heart is cone-shaped with the muscles oriented longitudinally. An aortic valve located at the junction between the end of the anterior region and the aorta prevents backflow. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Two pairs of ostia occur, two on either side, in the bulbous posterior region. The ostia are surrounded by muscle bandsfascilitating their closure. This prevent backflow when the heart muscles constract. default_namespace TADS:0000152 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult heart ostium TADS:0000152 Two pairs of ostia occur, two on either side, in the bulbous posterior region. The ostia are surrounded by muscle bandsfascilitating their closure. This prevent backflow when the heart muscles constract. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Valve located between the junction of the anterior region of the heart and the aorta. This valve opens when the heart muscles contract, but prevents backflow when the heart relaxes. default_namespace TADS:0000153 adult heart aortic valve. TADS:0000153 Valve located between the junction of the anterior region of the heart and the aorta. This valve opens when the heart muscles contract, but prevents backflow when the heart relaxes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Short, muscular tube that connects the heart with the periganglionic sinus. default_namespace TADS:0000154 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult aorta TADS:0000154 Short, muscular tube that connects the heart with the periganglionic sinus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that contribute to dilation of the heart. default_namespace TADS:0000155 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult dorsolateral suspensory muscles of the heart TADS:0000155 Muscle bands that contribute to dilation of the heart. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that contribute to the dilation of the heart. default_namespace TADS:0000156 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ventrolateral suspensory muscles of the heart TADS:0000156 Muscles that contribute to the dilation of the heart. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 "Blood vessel" that extends from the periganglionic sinus towards the anterior end of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000157 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior sinus TADS:0000157 "Blood vessel" that extends from the periganglionic sinus towards the anterior end of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the first pedal nerve trunk. default_namespace TADS:0000158 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pedal artery I TADS:0000158 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the first pedal nerve trunk. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the second pedal nerve trunk. default_namespace TADS:0000159 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pedal artery II TADS:0000159 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the second pedal nerve trunk. ISBN:05-19-505910-7 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the third pedal nerve trunk. default_namespace TADS:0000160 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pedal artery III TADS:0000160 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the third pedal nerve trunk. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the fourth pedal nerve trunk. default_namespace TADS:0000161 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pedal artery IV TADS:0000161 Vessel from the periganglionic sinus that surrounds the fourth pedal nerve trunk. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In ixodid ticks, this system includes the malpighian tubules, the intestine, the rectal sac, and the anus. In argasid ticks, italso includes the coxal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000162 adult excretory system TADS:0000162 In ixodid ticks, this system includes the malpighian tubules, the intestine, the rectal sac, and the anus. In argasid ticks, italso includes the coxal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of thin-walled extremely long, coiled and folded tubules that extend throughout the body. The wall of the malpighiantubules consists of cuboidal or sub-cuboidal epithelial cells. Each malpighian tubule connects to the rectal sac on its lateralmargins. Responsible for extraction and elimination of nitrogenous waste. Normally, the malpighian tubules are filled withsubspherical guanine crystals which are produced in this location. default_namespace TADS:0000163 Fig. 10-1, Fig. 10-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult malpighian tubule TADS:0000163 A pair of thin-walled extremely long, coiled and folded tubules that extend throughout the body. The wall of the malpighiantubules consists of cuboidal or sub-cuboidal epithelial cells. Each malpighian tubule connects to the rectal sac on its lateralmargins. Responsible for extraction and elimination of nitrogenous waste. Normally, the malpighian tubules are filled withsubspherical guanine crystals which are produced in this location. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the alimentary system concerned with waste accumulation and water resorption. The hindgut is comprised of the intestine, the rectal sac and the rectum (rectal canal or anal canal). default_namespace TADS:0000164 Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2, Fig. 6-3, Fig. 10-1, Fig. 10-2, Fig. 10-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hindgut TADS:0000164 Region of the alimentary system concerned with waste accumulation and water resorption. The hindgut is comprised of the intestine, the rectal sac and the rectum (rectal canal or anal canal). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Short thin tube connecting the midgut with the rectal sac. Absent in some species of argasid ticks. default_namespace Rectal tube TADS:0000165 Fig. 10-1;in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult intestine TADS:0000165 Short thin tube connecting the midgut with the rectal sac. Absent in some species of argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large thin-walled organ located in the posterior region of the body. Connected to the midgut by the intestine and to theexterior of the body by the anus. A pair of malpighian tubules connect to the rectal sac on either side. The rectal sac is filled with guanine crystals and fills with hematin and other wastes from the midgut during blood feeding. The hindgut is believed to be responsible for some water and selective salt resorption and may also be responsible for excreting nitrogenous wastes. The rectal sacis a simple sac in ixodid ticks, but bifurcated in argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000166 Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2, Fig. 6-3, Fig. 10-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult rectal sac TADS:0000166 Large thin-walled organ located in the posterior region of the body. Connected to the midgut by the intestine and to theexterior of the body by the anus. A pair of malpighian tubules connect to the rectal sac on either side. The rectal sac is filled with guanine crystals and fills with hematin and other wastes from the midgut during blood feeding. The hindgut is believed to be responsible for some water and selective salt resorption and may also be responsible for excreting nitrogenous wastes. The rectal sacis a simple sac in ixodid ticks, but bifurcated in argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Short cuticle-lined tube connecting the rectal sac to the anus (anal pore). The rectal wall consists of a thin layer ofepithelial cells on a delicate basement membrane. default_namespace Anal canal Rectal canal TADS:0000167 Fig. 10-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult rectum TADS:0000167 Short cuticle-lined tube connecting the rectal sac to the anus (anal pore). The rectal wall consists of a thin layer ofepithelial cells on a delicate basement membrane. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A thin layer of cuboidal cells covered with innumerable microvilli on their lumenal surfaces that forms the inner lining of the malpighian tubules. default_namespace TADS:0000168 Fig. 10-4, Fig. 10-5, Fig. 10-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult malpighian tubule epithelial lining TADS:0000168 A thin layer of cuboidal cells covered with innumerable microvilli on their lumenal surfaces that forms the inner lining of the malpighian tubules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A thin layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of the malpighian tubules. default_namespace TADS:0000169 Fig. 10-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult malpighian tubule outer layer TADS:0000169 A thin layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of the malpighian tubules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 System comprising the foregut, midgut and hindgut. System for ingesting host blood, digesting it and eliminating wastes fromblood feeding. default_namespace TADS:0000170 adult alimentary system TADS:0000170 System comprising the foregut, midgut and hindgut. System for ingesting host blood, digesting it and eliminating wastes fromblood feeding. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the alimentary canal where digestion of the blood meal takes place. The midgut is the largest organ in the body ofthe tick. default_namespace TADS:0000171 Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2, Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-1, Fig. 9-2, Fig. 9-4, Fig. 9-5, Fig. 9-6, Fig. 9-9, Fig. 9-10, Fig. 9-14, Fig. 9-15, Fig. 9-16, Fig. 9-17, Fig. 9-18, Fig. 9-19, Fig. 9-20, Fig. 9-24, Fig. 9-26, Fig. 9-27, Fig. 9-28, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut TADS:0000171 Region of the alimentary canal where digestion of the blood meal takes place. The midgut is the largest organ in the body ofthe tick. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cenral part of the midgut from which various diverticula emerge and spread in all three planes throughout the body. At the anterior end of the stomach is the proventriculus. The posterior end of the stomach is connected to the intestine through which wastes pass to the rectal sac. default_namespace Ventriculus TADS:0000172 Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2, Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, Fig. 9-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult stomach TADS:0000172 Cenral part of the midgut from which various diverticula emerge and spread in all three planes throughout the body. At the anterior end of the stomach is the proventriculus. The posterior end of the stomach is connected to the intestine through which wastes pass to the rectal sac. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum and proceed anteriorly into the median region of the bodytowards the capitulum. default_namespace TADS:0000173 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior median diverticulum TADS:0000173 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum and proceed anteriorly into the median region of the bodytowards the capitulum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from antero-median diverticula anterolaterally into the lateral regions of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000174 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior lateral diverticulum TADS:0000174 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from antero-median diverticula anterolaterally into the lateral regions of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) anteriorly and subdivide into the anterior median and theanterior lateral diverticula. default_namespace TADS:0000175 Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut anterior diverticula TADS:0000175 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) anteriorly and subdivide into the anterior median and theanterior lateral diverticula. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the lateral regions of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000176 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut lateral diverticula TADS:0000176 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the lateral regions of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the postero-lateral margins of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000177 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut postero-lateral diverticulum TADS:0000177 Paired diverticula that extend from the stomach (ventriculus) to the postero-lateral margins of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired diverticula that emerge from the postero-median region of the stomach (ventriculus) and extend into the mid-posteriorregions of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000178 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut postero-median diverticula TADS:0000178 Paired diverticula that emerge from the postero-median region of the stomach (ventriculus) and extend into the mid-posteriorregions of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Valve located at the junction of the esophagus and the antero-ventral region of the stomach portion of the midgut. The proventriculus is surrounded by several layers of smooth muscle fibers. The proventriculus opens when the pharynx contracts, allowing ingested blood to enter the midgut, but closes when the pharynx dilates. The latter is believed to prevent regurgitation of blood from the midgut back into the host. However, this remains a controversial issue since some authors (e.g., Burgdorfer et al. 1989) have argued that regurgitation can occur while others (Riberio et al. 1987) consider it unlikely. Connat (1991, Parasitol. Res. 77: 452 -454) showed compelling evidence of regurgitation using tritiated ecdysteroids). Thus, it appears that there is good evidence that it can occur in argasid ticks. Whether it can also occur in ixodid ticks is uncertain. default_namespace TADS:0000179 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult proventriculus TADS:0000179 Valve located at the junction of the esophagus and the antero-ventral region of the stomach portion of the midgut. The proventriculus is surrounded by several layers of smooth muscle fibers. The proventriculus opens when the pharynx contracts, allowing ingested blood to enter the midgut, but closes when the pharynx dilates. The latter is believed to prevent regurgitation of blood from the midgut back into the host. However, this remains a controversial issue since some authors (e.g., Burgdorfer et al. 1989) have argued that regurgitation can occur while others (Riberio et al. 1987) consider it unlikely. Connat (1991, Parasitol. Res. 77: 452 -454) showed compelling evidence of regurgitation using tritiated ecdysteroids). Thus, it appears that there is good evidence that it can occur in argasid ticks. Whether it can also occur in ixodid ticks is uncertain. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Layer of epithelial cells comprising multiple cell types that carry out the secretory, absorptive and digestive functions of the midgut. default_namespace TADS:0000180 Fig. 9-4, Fig. 9-5, Fig. 9-6, Fig. 9-9, Fig. 9-10, Fig. 9-14, Fig. 9-15, Fig. 9-16, Fig. 9-17, Fig. 9-18, Fig. 9-19, Fig. 9-20, Fig. 9-21, Fig. 9-24, Fig. 9-26, Fig. 9-27, Fig. 9-28, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut epithelial lining TADS:0000180 Layer of epithelial cells comprising multiple cell types that carry out the secretory, absorptive and digestive functions of the midgut. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The outer layer of the midgut comprising a single layer of elongated smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of this organ. default_namespace TADS:0000181 Fig. 9-6, Fig. 9-20, Fig. 9-27, Fig. 9-28, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut smooth muscle layer TADS:0000181 The outer layer of the midgut comprising a single layer of elongated smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of this organ. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Early stage digestive cell concerned with hemoglobin digestion. DGC I cells enlarge greatly during the early growth phase offeeding prior to mating. They fill with numerous inclusion bodies (phagolysosomes) containing hemoglobin in varying phases ofdigestion, but little hematin. default_namespace De cells TADS:0000182 Fig. 9-14, Fig. 9-15, Fig. 9-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut DGC I cell TADS:0000182 Early stage digestive cell concerned with hemoglobin digestion. DGC I cells enlarge greatly during the early growth phase offeeding prior to mating. They fill with numerous inclusion bodies (phagolysosomes) containing hemoglobin in varying phases ofdigestion, but little hematin. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Midgut digestive cell in advanced stage of hemoglobin digestion. DGC II cells enlarge greatly and fill with masses of blackhematin residues which accumulate near the distal, luminal sides of the cells. Eventually, these cells rupture and their remnantsfloat freely in the midgut lumen. default_namespace Dm cells SDS cells TADS:0000183 Fig. 9-15; 9-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Midgut DGC II cell TADS:0000183 Midgut digestive cell in advanced stage of hemoglobin digestion. DGC II cells enlarge greatly and fill with masses of blackhematin residues which accumulate near the distal, luminal sides of the cells. Eventually, these cells rupture and their remnantsfloat freely in the midgut lumen. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Differential epithelial cell that enlarge greatly during feeding and become flask shaped in appearance and fill with largenumbes of granule-filled vesicles. Secretion is accomplished by expulsion of the secretory granules (exocytosis). Coons et al (1986)dispute the existence of secretory cells and claim that they are merely different phases of digestive cell activity. default_namespace S1e cells S1m cells S2e cells TADS:0000184 Fig. 9-15; 9-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut secretory cell TADS:0000184 Differential epithelial cell that enlarge greatly during feeding and become flask shaped in appearance and fill with largenumbes of granule-filled vesicles. Secretion is accomplished by expulsion of the secretory granules (exocytosis). Coons et al (1986)dispute the existence of secretory cells and claim that they are merely different phases of digestive cell activity. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The internal cavity within the midgut where ingested blood is contained and wastes from blood meal digestion accumulate. default_namespace TADS:0000185 Fig. 9-10, Fig. 9-17, Fig. 9-18, Fig. 9-19, Fig. 9-20, Fig. 9-22, Fig. 9-23, Fig. 9-24;Fig. 9-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut lumen TADS:0000185 The internal cavity within the midgut where ingested blood is contained and wastes from blood meal digestion accumulate. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the alimentary system comprising the preoral canal (hypostomal groove or gutter), mouth, pharynx, esophagus andproventriculus. default_namespace TADS:0000186 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-6, Fig. 7-9, Fig. 7-10, Fig. 7-12;Fig. 7-13, Fig. 7-14, Fig. 7-15, Fig. 7-16, Fig. 7-17, Fig. 7-18, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-8, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foregut TADS:0000186 Region of the alimentary system comprising the preoral canal (hypostomal groove or gutter), mouth, pharynx, esophagus andproventriculus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This system consists of the synganglion, the peripheral nerves and the neuroendocrine systems consisting of 1) clusters ofneurosecretory cells located in specialized neurosecretory centers in the synganglion proper and 2) neurohaemal organs or tissuesadjacent to the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000187 adult nervours/neuroendocrine system TADS:0000187 This system consists of the synganglion, the peripheral nerves and the neuroendocrine systems consisting of 1) clusters ofneurosecretory cells located in specialized neurosecretory centers in the synganglion proper and 2) neurohaemal organs or tissuesadjacent to the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The synganglion constitutes the entire central nervous of the tick. There is no separate brain or ventral nerve chord. The synganglion is located in the midventral region of the body immediately posterior to the genital pore in adults or the location where the genital pore will form in immature specimens. The synganglion is a small white organ approximately 0.5 mm wide by 0.4 - .05 mm long. The esophagus penetrates through the synganglion, entering more or less from the anterior ventral side and emerging near theposterior dorsal side of the organ. default_namespace BRAIN TADS:0000188 Fig. 6-1, Fig. 6-2, Fig. 6-3, Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion TADS:0000188 The synganglion constitutes the entire central nervous of the tick. There is no separate brain or ventral nerve chord. The synganglion is located in the midventral region of the body immediately posterior to the genital pore in adults or the location where the genital pore will form in immature specimens. The synganglion is a small white organ approximately 0.5 mm wide by 0.4 - .05 mm long. The esophagus penetrates through the synganglion, entering more or less from the anterior ventral side and emerging near theposterior dorsal side of the organ. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the synganglion lying anterior and dorsal to the esophagus. It is the smaller of the two major regions of the synganglion. It contains protocerebrumm cheliceral, palpal, optic ganglia and the stomadeal pons. An unpaired pharyngeal nerve andthe recurrent nerve also originate here and innervate the pharynx and the esophagus, respectively. The recurrent nerve runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000189 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion supraessophageal region TADS:0000189 Region of the synganglion lying anterior and dorsal to the esophagus. It is the smaller of the two major regions of the synganglion. It contains protocerebrumm cheliceral, palpal, optic ganglia and the stomadeal pons. An unpaired pharyngeal nerve andthe recurrent nerve also originate here and innervate the pharynx and the esophagus, respectively. The recurrent nerve runs alongside the esophagus to a hypoesophageal ganglion adjacent to the retrocerebral organ (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the synganglion located ventral and posterior to the esophagus, hence the name. It is the largest part of the synganglion. It contains the 4 pairs of pedal ganglia, the olfactory ganglia and the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglia. default_namespace Hyperesophageal ganglion TADS:0000190 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion subesophageal region TADS:0000190 Region of the synganglion located ventral and posterior to the esophagus, hence the name. It is the largest part of the synganglion. It contains the 4 pairs of pedal ganglia, the olfactory ganglia and the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that form the outer wall of the periganglionic sinus. default_namespace TADS:0000191 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult periganglionic sheath TADS:0000191 Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that form the outer wall of the periganglionic sinus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The neurilemma forms the outermost part of the synganglion. It consists of a layer of fibrous material organized in repititivelayers of fine lamellae and finely granular material in a sheath 2 - 5 microns thick. default_namespace TADS:0000192 Fig. 14-10;Fig. 14-11, Fig. 14-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion neurilemma TADS:0000192 The neurilemma forms the outermost part of the synganglion. It consists of a layer of fibrous material organized in repititivelayers of fine lamellae and finely granular material in a sheath 2 - 5 microns thick. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This structure lies immediately below the perineurium. It consists of a complex multiple layer of gmostly lial cells and their processes. default_namespace TADS:0000193 Fig. 14-10, Fig. 14-11, Fig. 14-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion perineurium. TADS:0000193 This structure lies immediately below the perineurium. It consists of a complex multiple layer of gmostly lial cells and their processes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Outer region of the synganglion containing the neuron cell bodies and the various neurosecretory centers. default_namespace Cortex TADS:0000194 Fig. 14-11, Fig. 14-12, Fig. 14-13, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion cortical zone TADS:0000194 Outer region of the synganglion containing the neuron cell bodies and the various neurosecretory centers. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Innermost region of the synganglion containing the fiber tracts made up of numerous axons and dendrites. default_namespace TADS:0000195 Fig. 14-6, Fig. 14-13, Fig. 14-14, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion neuropile TADS:0000195 Innermost region of the synganglion containing the fiber tracts made up of numerous axons and dendrites. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Type I neurons have perikarya that usually range in size from 6 - 9 microns (rarely, 27 - 35 microns). They have a pyriform shape narrowing at end one to funicle from which the axon and the dendrite diverge. They have a low cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio. Type I neurons are believed to function as motor neurons or motor-association neurons. default_namespace TADS:0000196 Fig. 14-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type I TADS:0000196 Type I neurons have perikarya that usually range in size from 6 - 9 microns (rarely, 27 - 35 microns). They have a pyriform shape narrowing at end one to funicle from which the axon and the dendrite diverge. They have a low cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio. Type I neurons are believed to function as motor neurons or motor-association neurons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Type II neurons are neurosecretory (NS) cells, 25 - 40 microns in size and filled with masses of neurosecretory vesicles. They have much larger cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio than the type I cells. Type II cells are located in neurosecretory centers. default_namespace neurosecretory cells TADS:0000197 Fig. 14-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type II TADS:0000197 Type II neurons are neurosecretory (NS) cells, 25 - 40 microns in size and filled with masses of neurosecretory vesicles. They have much larger cytoplasmic: nuclear ratio than the type I cells. Type II cells are located in neurosecretory centers. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Type III neurons are small (6 microns) cells that represent a unique cell type limited tothe paired globuli on the ventralsurface of the synganglion anterior to the first pair of pedal ganglia. default_namespace TADS:0000198 adult synganglion cortical zone neuron type III TADS:0000198 Type III neurons are small (6 microns) cells that represent a unique cell type limited tothe paired globuli on the ventralsurface of the synganglion anterior to the first pair of pedal ganglia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A large area of loosely organized neuropile that also contain glomeruli. default_namespace TADS:0000199 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion protocerebrum TADS:0000199 A large area of loosely organized neuropile that also contain glomeruli. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small areas of high density neuropile located within the protocerebrum. default_namespace TADS:0000200 adult synganglion glomeruli TADS:0000200 Small areas of high density neuropile located within the protocerebrum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Transversely directed fiber tracts connecting bilaterally opposed glomeruli or ganglia. default_namespace TADS:0000201 adult synganglion commissure TADS:0000201 Transversely directed fiber tracts connecting bilaterally opposed glomeruli or ganglia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Longitudinally-directed fiber tracts connecting glomeruli or ganglia arranged in the antero-posterior axis with glomeruli or glomerular knots throughout the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000202 adult synganglion connective TADS:0000202 Longitudinally-directed fiber tracts connecting glomeruli or ganglia arranged in the antero-posterior axis with glomeruli or glomerular knots throughout the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the cheliceral nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophageal region. default_namespace TADS:0000203 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion cheliceral ganglia TADS:0000203 Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the cheliceral nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophageal region. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the palpal nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophagealregion. default_namespace TADS:0000204 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion palpal ganglia TADS:0000204 Masses of neuron cell bodies from which the palpal nerves emerge. Located in the antero-dorsal region of the supra-esophagealregion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The space located immediately below the ostium of the spiracle and connected to the atrial chamber. default_namespace TADS:0000205 Fig. 12-4, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult subostial space TADS:0000205 The space located immediately below the ostium of the spiracle and connected to the atrial chamber. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Site of origin of the unpaired pharyngeal nerve (=esophageal nerve) and the recurrent nerve (=stomatogastric nerve) to thehypoesophageal ganglion. default_namespace Stomadeal bridge TADS:0000206 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion stomadeal pons TADS:0000206 Site of origin of the unpaired pharyngeal nerve (=esophageal nerve) and the recurrent nerve (=stomatogastric nerve) to thehypoesophageal ganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Located adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). Receives the recurrent nerve from the stomadeal pons. default_namespace TADS:0000207 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion hyperesophageal ganglion TADS:0000207 Located adjacent to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). Receives the recurrent nerve from the stomadeal pons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The ROC is situated in the periganglionic sinus adjacent to the protocerebral neuropilar ganglion. In view of its location, theROC is believed to function as a neurohemal organ. Some authors believe that the ROC is not of neural origin (Severino et al. 1984). default_namespace TADS:0000208 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion retrocerebral organ complex TADS:0000208 The ROC is situated in the periganglionic sinus adjacent to the protocerebral neuropilar ganglion. In view of its location, theROC is believed to function as a neurohemal organ. Some authors believe that the ROC is not of neural origin (Severino et al. 1984). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The unpaired lobe is located in the dorsal median part of the organ complex. default_namespace TADS:0000209 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion ROC unpaired lobe TADS:0000209 The unpaired lobe is located in the dorsal median part of the organ complex. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The pair of lobes located on the ventral side of the ROC. default_namespace TADS:0000210 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion ROC paired lobe TADS:0000210 The pair of lobes located on the ventral side of the ROC. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Center where axons from sensory neurons converge. default_namespace TADS:0000211 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion anterodoral glomerulus TADS:0000211 Center where axons from sensory neurons converge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Site where axons from certain sensory neurons converge. Dendrites extend from the glomeruli to other locations. default_namespace TADS:0000212 adult synganglion posterodorsal glomerulus TADS:0000212 Site where axons from certain sensory neurons converge. Dendrites extend from the glomeruli to other locations. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk I emerge. default_namespace TADS:0000213 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion pedal ganglion I TADS:0000213 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk I emerge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk II emerge. default_namespace TADS:0000214 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion pedal ganglion II TADS:0000214 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk II emerge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IIII emerge. default_namespace TADS:0000215 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion pedal ganglion III TADS:0000215 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IIII emerge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IV emerge. default_namespace TADS:0000216 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion pedal ganglion IV TADS:0000216 Ganglion from which the fibers that form the pedal nerve trunk IV emerge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Lobes containing the olfactory neuron cell bodies (=olfactory ganglia). Located medially to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors. default_namespace olfactory ganglia TADS:0000217 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion olfactory lobe TADS:0000217 Lobes containing the olfactory neuron cell bodies (=olfactory ganglia). Located medially to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Centers where axons from neurons associated with the olfactory lobes converge. Located internally and medial to the olfactory lobes. default_namespace TADS:0000218 Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion olfactory glomeruli TADS:0000218 Centers where axons from neurons associated with the olfactory lobes converge. Located internally and medial to the olfactory lobes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Center where axons from the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglion converge. default_namespace TADS:0000219 Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion ventral glomeruli TADS:0000219 Center where axons from the opisthosomal (= ventral) ganglion converge. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Fused ganglion containing the neuron cell bodies from which the paired opisthosomal and paraspiracular nerves originate. Located posterior and medial to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors. default_namespace TADS:0000220 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, Fig. 14-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion opisthosomal ganglion TADS:0000220 Fused ganglion containing the neuron cell bodies from which the paired opisthosomal and paraspiracular nerves originate. Located posterior and medial to the pedal ganglia. Believed to receive the axons from the Haller's organ olfactoreceptors. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 System comprising the nerves that innervate the various body, capitulum and leg structures. default_namespace TADS:0000221 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-18, Fig. 14-19, Fig. 14-20, Fig. 14-21, Fig. 14-22, Fig. 14-23, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nervous system TADS:0000221 System comprising the nerves that innervate the various body, capitulum and leg structures. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The peripheral nerves are comprised almost exclusively of axons surrounded by glial cells and enclosed in an amorphous neurilemma. The neurilemma fuses with the glial cells to form a sheath around the individual axons or groups of axons termed the mesaxon. Mesaxons are a characteristic feature of tick peripheral nerves. Mesaxons do not occur in insects. default_namespace TADS:0000222 Fig. 14-18, Fig. 14-19, Fig. 14-20, Fig. 14-21, Fig. 14-22, Fig. 14-23, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nerves TADS:0000222 The peripheral nerves are comprised almost exclusively of axons surrounded by glial cells and enclosed in an amorphous neurilemma. The neurilemma fuses with the glial cells to form a sheath around the individual axons or groups of axons termed the mesaxon. Mesaxons are a characteristic feature of tick peripheral nerves. Mesaxons do not occur in insects. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A sheath that surrounds the individual axon or group of axons in a peripheral nerve. The mesaxon is formed by the fusion of the neurilemma withthe glial cells. default_namespace TADS:0000223 Fig. 14-22, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nerve mesaxon TADS:0000223 A sheath that surrounds the individual axon or group of axons in a peripheral nerve. The mesaxon is formed by the fusion of the neurilemma withthe glial cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Non-neuronal cells that provide support and nourish the neurons and possibly help maintain homeostasis. default_namespace TADS:0000224 Fig. 14-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult glial cell TADS:0000224 Non-neuronal cells that provide support and nourish the neurons and possibly help maintain homeostasis. Wikipedia:www.wikipedia.org Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion I. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg I. Minor branchestermed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000225 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nerve trunk I TADS:0000225 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion I. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg I. Minor branchestermed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion II. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg Ii. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000226 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nerve trunk II TADS:0000226 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion II. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg Ii. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion Iii. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000227 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nerve trunk III TADS:0000227 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion Iii. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion IV. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000228 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peripheral nerve trunk IV TADS:0000228 Large nerve that emerges from pedal ganglion IV. The major branch of this nerve innervates the muscles of leg IV. Minor branches termed hemal nerves innervate the salivary glands, the periganglionic sheath, coxal muscles and possibly the dermal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Nerve that emerges from the cheliceral ganglion and innervates the cheliceral muscles and chelicerae. Contains motor axons fromthe synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla. default_namespace TADS:0000229 Fig. 14-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cheliceral nerve TADS:0000229 Nerve that emerges from the cheliceral ganglion and innervates the cheliceral muscles and chelicerae. Contains motor axons fromthe synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Nerve that emerges from the palpal ganglion and innervates the palps, including the sensory field at the tip of palpal articleIV. Contains motor axons from the synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla. default_namespace TADS:0000230 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult palpal nerve TADS:0000230 Nerve that emerges from the palpal ganglion and innervates the palps, including the sensory field at the tip of palpal articleIV. Contains motor axons from the synganglion and presumably axons from the sensilla. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Nerve that extends from the stomadeal pons to the pharynx and esophagus. default_namespace Esophageal nerve. TADS:0000231 adult pharyngeal nerve TADS:0000231 Nerve that extends from the stomadeal pons to the pharynx and esophagus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of nerves that emerge from the optic ganglia and innervate the eyes. Contains axons from the sensory neurons in the eyes. default_namespace TADS:0000232 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult optic nerve TADS:0000232 A pair of nerves that emerge from the optic ganglia and innervate the eyes. Contains axons from the sensory neurons in the eyes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A neuronal cell type concerned with sensory perception. default_namespace Receptor neuron TADS:0000233 Fig. 15-1, Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult sensory neuron TADS:0000233 A neuronal cell type concerned with sensory perception. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Large cuticle lined tubes that extend from the atrial chambers and then subdivide into numerous individual tracheae. default_namespace TADS:0000234 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tracheal trunk TADS:0000234 Large cuticle lined tubes that extend from the atrial chambers and then subdivide into numerous individual tracheae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of nerves that extend from the opisthosomal ganglia on the ventral surface of the synganglion to various organs and tissues in the posterior region of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000235 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult opisthosomal nerve TADS:0000235 A pair of nerves that extend from the opisthosomal ganglia on the ventral surface of the synganglion to various organs and tissues in the posterior region of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Collection of neurohaemal organs adjacent to the synganglion and neurosecretory centers in the synganglion. The neuroendocrinesystem is responsible for secretion of bioactive molecules that regulate physiological processes in the tick. default_namespace TADS:0000236 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neuroendocrine system TADS:0000236 Collection of neurohaemal organs adjacent to the synganglion and neurosecretory centers in the synganglion. The neuroendocrinesystem is responsible for secretion of bioactive molecules that regulate physiological processes in the tick. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The retrocerebral oran complex is a major neurohaemal organ located in a neurohaemal sinus that connects with the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion. The ROC is located immediately above the posterior dorsal region of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. The ROC consists of an unpaired dorsal lobe and paired ventral lobes. Regarded as an important neurohaemal organ but its precise role remains uncertain. default_namespace TADS:0000237 Fig. 14-5, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) TADS:0000237 The retrocerebral oran complex is a major neurohaemal organ located in a neurohaemal sinus that connects with the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion. The ROC is located immediately above the posterior dorsal region of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. The ROC consists of an unpaired dorsal lobe and paired ventral lobes. Regarded as an important neurohaemal organ but its precise role remains uncertain. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cells found in the hemolymph. Four cell types have been recognized in ticks, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and two types ofgranulocytes, type I and type II and spherulocytes. In some literature, a type known as the oenocytoid is also described but itsstatus is somewhat controversial. default_namespace TADS:0000238 Fig. 11-2, Fig. 11-3, Fig. 11-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hemocyte TADS:0000238 Cells found in the hemolymph. Four cell types have been recognized in ticks, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and two types ofgranulocytes, type I and type II and spherulocytes. In some literature, a type known as the oenocytoid is also described but itsstatus is somewhat controversial. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Prohemocytes are the stem cells from which all other hemocytes develop. They are small, round or oval cells with very little cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Prohemocytes constitute a very small proportion of the hemocyte population. default_namespace TADS:0000239 Fig. 11-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult prohemocyte TADS:0000239 Prohemocytes are the stem cells from which all other hemocytes develop. They are small, round or oval cells with very little cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Prohemocytes constitute a very small proportion of the hemocyte population. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Plasmatocytes are relatively small oval, suboval or fusiform cells but without granules. The plasma membrane shows blunt or filamentous projections. They often show prominent inclusion bodies and vacuoles indicative of substances that have been ingested. Plasmatocytes are believed to function as phagocytes and play a major role in phagocytosis. default_namespace TADS:0000240 Fig. 11-4, Fig. 11-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult plasmatocyte TADS:0000240 Plasmatocytes are relatively small oval, suboval or fusiform cells but without granules. The plasma membrane shows blunt or filamentous projections. They often show prominent inclusion bodies and vacuoles indicative of substances that have been ingested. Plasmatocytes are believed to function as phagocytes and play a major role in phagocytosis. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Type I granulocytes are hemocytes with numerous diverse inclusion bodies of varying density, some that are very electron denseand believed rich in lipids, others that are electron lucent and contain a matrix of fibrillar material. default_namespace TADS:0000241 Fig. 11-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult granulocyte type I TADS:0000241 Type I granulocytes are hemocytes with numerous diverse inclusion bodies of varying density, some that are very electron denseand believed rich in lipids, others that are electron lucent and contain a matrix of fibrillar material. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Type II granulocytes are hemocytes that are easily recognized by the presence of a single type of electron dense, homogenous granules. In addition to their role in phagocytosis, these cells also serve to encapsulate foreign material too large to be ingested. They are believed to be the primary cell that degranulates and forms around bacterial cell clusters or inanimate objects. Proteases have been found localized in the granules of granulocytes in Ornithodoros moubata (Inoue et al. 2001). Whereas gram positive bacteria may be destroyed by defensins secreted from granulocytes (Johns et al. 2000), gram negative bacteria are immobilized in clusters by secretion of lectin-like Dorin-M (Kovar et al. 2000) and surrounded by hemocytes, a non-melanotic encapsulation process known as nodulation (Ceraul et al. 2002). default_namespace TADS:0000242 Fig. 11-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult granulocyte type II TADS:0000242 Type II granulocytes are hemocytes that are easily recognized by the presence of a single type of electron dense, homogenous granules. In addition to their role in phagocytosis, these cells also serve to encapsulate foreign material too large to be ingested. They are believed to be the primary cell that degranulates and forms around bacterial cell clusters or inanimate objects. Proteases have been found localized in the granules of granulocytes in Ornithodoros moubata (Inoue et al. 2001). Whereas gram positive bacteria may be destroyed by defensins secreted from granulocytes (Johns et al. 2000), gram negative bacteria are immobilized in clusters by secretion of lectin-like Dorin-M (Kovar et al. 2000) and surrounded by hemocytes, a non-melanotic encapsulation process known as nodulation (Ceraul et al. 2002). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small round or ovoid cells contain few, large granules filled with a matrix of fibrillar material. They are similar to type I granulocytes, but are not fusiform and do not show filamentous filopod extensions from the plasma membrane. default_namespace TADS:0000243 Fig. 11-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult spherulocyte TADS:0000243 Small round or ovoid cells contain few, large granules filled with a matrix of fibrillar material. They are similar to type I granulocytes, but are not fusiform and do not show filamentous filopod extensions from the plasma membrane. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cell type of uncertain status. The literature concerning the occurrence of this type of cell in ticks is unclear. Oenocytoids were reported to occur in Rhipicephalus (=Boophilus) microplus (Silva et al. 2006. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 15:128 - 131). Oenocytoids are an important cell type in the hemolymph of insects and are associated with melanotic encapsulation. default_namespace TADS:0000244 adult Oenocytoid TADS:0000244 Cell type of uncertain status. The literature concerning the occurrence of this type of cell in ticks is unclear. Oenocytoids were reported to occur in Rhipicephalus (=Boophilus) microplus (Silva et al. 2006. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 15:128 - 131). Oenocytoids are an important cell type in the hemolymph of insects and are associated with melanotic encapsulation. ISSN:1516-635X. Neuroendocrine organs located in the hemolymph adjacent to the synganglia. Two types occur, the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) and the lateral segmental organs (LSO). default_namespace TADS:0000245 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, Fig. 14-14, Fig. 14-15, Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurohaemal organ TADS:0000245 Neuroendocrine organs located in the hemolymph adjacent to the synganglia. Two types occur, the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC) and the lateral segmental organs (LSO). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Neurosecretory centers are clusters of two or neurosecretory cell types, cells that fill with neurosecretory granules thatmigrate along the axons of these neurons to the target cells, tissues or organs. Neurosecretory centers are identified byparaldehyde-fuchsin staining. A total of 18 neurosecretory centers have been found in the synganglion, of which 2 are unpaired. default_namespace TADS:0000246 Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center TADS:0000246 Neurosecretory centers are clusters of two or neurosecretory cell types, cells that fill with neurosecretory granules thatmigrate along the axons of these neurons to the target cells, tissues or organs. Neurosecretory centers are identified byparaldehyde-fuchsin staining. A total of 18 neurosecretory centers have been found in the synganglion, of which 2 are unpaired. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small cell clusters located in the lateral nerve plexus on the lateral sides of the synganglion. The cells of the LSO exhibitultrastructural characteristics consistent with steroid hormone secreting tissues. The LSO may be associated with hormonal functions. Previously thought to be site for ecdysteroid biosynthesis and secretion, that is now known to be carried out in the epidermisfollowing stimulation by the synganglion (Lomas et al. 1997). default_namespace LSO TADS:0000247 Fig. 14-1, Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult lateral segmental organs TADS:0000247 Small cell clusters located in the lateral nerve plexus on the lateral sides of the synganglion. The cells of the LSO exhibitultrastructural characteristics consistent with steroid hormone secreting tissues. The LSO may be associated with hormonal functions. Previously thought to be site for ecdysteroid biosynthesis and secretion, that is now known to be carried out in the epidermisfollowing stimulation by the synganglion (Lomas et al. 1997). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Fiber tracts in the neuropile of the synaganglion that connect the various neurosecretory centers and the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000248 Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory tract TADS:0000248 Fiber tracts in the neuropile of the synaganglion that connect the various neurosecretory centers and the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the sheath that surrounds the retrocerebral organ complex. It is formed by the fusion of extensions from the neurilemmaand the perineurium. Extensions of this sheath from a neurohaemal sinus that opens into the periganglionic sinus, facilitating the passage of secretions from the ROC into the hemolymph. default_namespace TADS:0000249 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult retrocerebral organ complex vascular sheath TADS:0000249 This is the sheath that surrounds the retrocerebral organ complex. It is formed by the fusion of extensions from the neurilemmaand the perineurium. Extensions of this sheath from a neurohaemal sinus that opens into the periganglionic sinus, facilitating the passage of secretions from the ROC into the hemolymph. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the sinus (cavity) formed by the extensions of the vascular sheath surrounding the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). The neurohaemal sinus opens into the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000250 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult retrocerebral organ complex neurohaemal sinus TADS:0000250 This is the sinus (cavity) formed by the extensions of the vascular sheath surrounding the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). The neurohaemal sinus opens into the periganglionic sinus around the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A unpaired neurosecretory center located in the supraesophageal region of the syngangion. default_namespace TADS:0000251 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 1 TADS:0000251 A unpaired neurosecretory center located in the supraesophageal region of the syngangion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecetory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These paired centers occur just posterior to neurosecretory center number 1. default_namespace TADS:0000252 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 2 TADS:0000252 A pair of neurosecetory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These paired centers occur just posterior to neurosecretory center number 1. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the protocerebrum lateral to neurosecretory cente rnumber 2. default_namespace TADS:0000253 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 3 TADS:0000253 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the protocerebrum lateral to neurosecretory cente rnumber 2. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the postero-lateral part of the protocerebrum posterior to neurosecretory center number 3. default_namespace TADS:0000254 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 4 TADS:0000254 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the postero-lateral part of the protocerebrum posterior to neurosecretory center number 3. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region. These centers are located just anterior to the cheliceral ganglia. default_namespace TADS:0000255 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 5 TADS:0000255 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region. These centers are located just anterior to the cheliceral ganglia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near thecheliceral ganglia adjacent (lateral) to neurosecretory centers number 5. default_namespace TADS:0000256 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 6 TADS:0000256 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near thecheliceral ganglia adjacent (lateral) to neurosecretory centers number 5. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along thelateral edge of the region near the ventro-lateral edge of the protocerebrum. default_namespace TADS:0000257 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-. adult neurosecretory center 7 TADS:0000257 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along thelateral edge of the region near the ventro-lateral edge of the protocerebrum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the stomadeal pons. default_namespace TADS:0000258 Fig. 14-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-.19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 8 TADS:0000258 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located along the edge of the stomadeal pons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near the anterior edge of this region just above the esophageal nerve. default_namespace TADS:0000259 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 9 TADS:0000259 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. These centers are located near the anterior edge of this region just above the esophageal nerve. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This plexus occurs along the lateral edge of the synganglion and is formed from branches of the pedal nerve trunks. The lateralsegmental organs (LSO) lie embedded in this plexus. default_namespace TADS:0000260 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult lateral nerve plexus TADS:0000260 This plexus occurs along the lateral edge of the synganglion and is formed from branches of the pedal nerve trunks. The lateralsegmental organs (LSO) lie embedded in this plexus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion II. default_namespace TADS:0000261 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 10 TADS:0000261 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion II. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the ventrolateral margin of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia I and II. default_namespace TADS:0000262 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 11 TADS:0000262 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the ventrolateral margin of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia I and II. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II. default_namespace TADS:0000263 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 12 TADS:0000263 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II and III. default_namespace TADS:0000264 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 13 TADS:0000264 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglia II and III. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion III. default_namespace TADS:0000265 Fig. 14-2; 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 14 TADS:0000265 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion III. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion IV. default_namespace TADS:0000266 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 15 TADS:0000266 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the lateral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to pedal ganglion IV. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the postero-ventral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the opisthosomal ganglia. default_namespace TADS:0000267 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 16 TADS:0000267 A pair of neurosecretory centers located along the postero-ventral margins of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the opisthosomal ganglia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the postero-median region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the paired opithosomal ganglia. default_namespace TADS:0000268 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 17 TADS:0000268 A pair of neurosecretory centers located in the postero-median region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion adjacent to the paired opithosomal ganglia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A large, unpaired neurosecretory center located in the median ventral part of the subesophageal region of the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000269 Fig. 14-2, Fig. 14-4, Fig. 14-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult neurosecretory center 18 TADS:0000269 A large, unpaired neurosecretory center located in the median ventral part of the subesophageal region of the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 One of the peripheral nerves from the synganglion to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000270 Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult accessroy nerve ROC TADS:0000270 One of the peripheral nerves from the synganglion to the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A nerve from the synganglion to the center of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000271 Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult compound nerve ROC TADS:0000271 A nerve from the synganglion to the center of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The fluid filled interior of the body, capitulum and legs not occupied by organs or tissues. The hemocoel is filled with hemolymph. default_namespace TADS:0000272 adult hemocoel TADS:0000272 The fluid filled interior of the body, capitulum and legs not occupied by organs or tissues. The hemocoel is filled with hemolymph. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The upper lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000273 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult retrocerebral organ complex dorsal lobe TADS:0000273 The upper lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The paired ventral regions of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000274 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult retrocerebral organ complex ventral lobe TADS:0000274 The paired ventral regions of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of nerves that innervates the dorsal lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000275 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hypogastric nerve TADS:0000275 A pair of nerves that innervates the dorsal lobe of the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The principal nerve innervating the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). default_namespace TADS:0000276 Fig. 14-16; Fig, 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult priN-ROC TADS:0000276 The principal nerve innervating the retrocerebral organ complex (ROC). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk leading to the capitulum. default_namespace TADS:0000277 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior cerebral anastomosis trunk TADS:0000277 Tracheal trunk leading to the capitulum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The leg segment where the leg is attached to the body. Powerful coxal muscles from the body wall move the coxa and, as aresult, the entire leg in an antero-posterior direction. default_namespace TADS:0000278 Fig. 2-3, Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxa TADS:0000278 The leg segment where the leg is attached to the body. Powerful coxal muscles from the body wall move the coxa and, as aresult, the entire leg in an antero-posterior direction. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The segment of the leg that is attached to the coxa on the proximal side and the femur on the distal side. The trochanter canbe flexed or extended by internal muscles from the coxa to the trochanter. Soft articulatory cuticle occurs between the two joints. default_namespace TADS:0000279 Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. adult trochanter TADS:0000279 The segment of the leg that is attached to the coxa on the proximal side and the femur on the distal side. The trochanter canbe flexed or extended by internal muscles from the coxa to the trochanter. Soft articulatory cuticle occurs between the two joints. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The segment of the leg that articulates with the trochanter on the proximal side and the tibia on the distal side. Internal leg muscles from the trochanter enable the joint to flex and extend. In some species, the femur may appear to be divided into a basifemur and a telofemur but this is superficial since it is not reflected in the internal musculature. default_namespace TADS:0000280 Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. adult femur TADS:0000280 The segment of the leg that articulates with the trochanter on the proximal side and the tibia on the distal side. Internal leg muscles from the trochanter enable the joint to flex and extend. In some species, the femur may appear to be divided into a basifemur and a telofemur but this is superficial since it is not reflected in the internal musculature. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The segment of the leg that articulates between the femur on the proximal side and the metatarsus on the distal side. Internal muscles from the femur enable the segment to flex and extend so that the leg can be flexed against the body for protection or extendedfor walking. default_namespace TADS:0000281 Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. adult tibia TADS:0000281 The segment of the leg that articulates between the femur on the proximal side and the metatarsus on the distal side. Internal muscles from the femur enable the segment to flex and extend so that the leg can be flexed against the body for protection or extendedfor walking. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Region of the leg between the femur and the tibia. Capable of flexion and extension. default_namespace TADS:0000282 Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. adult patella TADS:0000282 Region of the leg between the femur and the tibia. Capable of flexion and extension. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Terminal segment of the leg that bears the claws, pulvillus (when present) and the Haller's organ. Some authors subdivide the tarsus into a posterior metatarsus and the anterior tarsus, but this is a superficial separation since there is no joint or muscle distinction. default_namespace TADS:0000283 Fig. 4-20, with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology. adult tarsus TADS:0000283 Terminal segment of the leg that bears the claws, pulvillus (when present) and the Haller's organ. Some authors subdivide the tarsus into a posterior metatarsus and the anterior tarsus, but this is a superficial separation since there is no joint or muscle distinction. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The apotele comprises the claws and the pulvillus on a hinged joint at the tip of the tarsus. The entire structure is capableof movement, flexing and extending in the same plane (1 degree of freedom). default_namespace TADS:0000284 Fig. 4-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult apotele TADS:0000284 The apotele comprises the claws and the pulvillus on a hinged joint at the tip of the tarsus. The entire structure is capableof movement, flexing and extending in the same plane (1 degree of freedom). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Curved claws at the end of the apotele. default_namespace TADS:0000285 adult claw TADS:0000285 Curved claws at the end of the apotele. ISBN:0-19-5505910-7 Pad located at the end of the apotele under the claws. Used for climbing. Absent in argasid adults and nymphs. default_namespace TADS:0000286 adult pulvillus TADS:0000286 Pad located at the end of the apotele under the claws. Used for climbing. Absent in argasid adults and nymphs. ISBN:0-19-5505910-7 Sensory structure located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus. Contains structures used for odor detection and other sensory functions. default_namespace TADS:0000287 Fig. 4-22, Fig. 4-23, Fig. 4-24, Fig. 15-10, Fig. 15-11, Fig. 15-12, Fig. 15-13, Fig. 15-14, Fig. 15-15, Fig. 15-17, Fig. 15-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ TADS:0000287 Sensory structure located on the dorsal surface of the tarsus. Contains structures used for odor detection and other sensory functions. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A cavity on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I that contains a number of single-walled multiporose olfactosensilla and other apparently non-sensory setae. The sensilla are innervated by as many as 29 sensory neurons. In most ixodid ticks, the roof ofthe capsule has a thin, narrow slit. In a species of the genus Ixodes, the opening is large and circular. In some argasid ticks, the roof of the capsule is perforated with a reticulated lattice instead of a simple roof. default_namespace TADS:0000288 Fig. 4-21; with permission from the editor, Journal of Parasitology, Fig. 4-22, Fig. 15-12, Fig. 15-13, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ posterior capsule TADS:0000288 A cavity on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I that contains a number of single-walled multiporose olfactosensilla and other apparently non-sensory setae. The sensilla are innervated by as many as 29 sensory neurons. In most ixodid ticks, the roof ofthe capsule has a thin, narrow slit. In a species of the genus Ixodes, the opening is large and circular. In some argasid ticks, the roof of the capsule is perforated with a reticulated lattice instead of a simple roof. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A depression on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I located distal to the posterior capsule. The anterior pit is usuallysurrounded by a prominent ridge. In most ixodid ticks, the anterior pit contains 6 or 7 setiform sensilla, including one or moremultiporose sensilla serving as olfactosensilla, tip pore that serve as gustatory sensilla and still others that are grooved fine andno-pore sensilla that are probably mechanosensilla. At least one of the tip pore setae is a multifunctional sensilla. In Rhipicephalus (= Boophilus) microplus, 3 of the anterior pit sensilla are grooved double-walled porous sensilla with the pores in the grooves while other lackpores. In argasid ticks, the anterior pit typically contains 9 sensilla, although the number is variable among the species. Several multiporose olfactosensilla are recognized, along with grooved sensilla and no-pore mechanosensory setae. default_namespace TADS:0000289 Fig. 4-22, Fig. 4-23, Fig. 4-24, Fig. 15-10, Fig. 15-11, Fig. 15-12, Fig. 15-13, Fig. 15-14, Fig. 15-15, Fig. 15-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ anterior pit TADS:0000289 A depression on the dorsal surface of the tarsus of leg I located distal to the posterior capsule. The anterior pit is usuallysurrounded by a prominent ridge. In most ixodid ticks, the anterior pit contains 6 or 7 setiform sensilla, including one or moremultiporose sensilla serving as olfactosensilla, tip pore that serve as gustatory sensilla and still others that are grooved fine andno-pore sensilla that are probably mechanosensilla. At least one of the tip pore setae is a multifunctional sensilla. In Rhipicephalus (= Boophilus) microplus, 3 of the anterior pit sensilla are grooved double-walled porous sensilla with the pores in the grooves while other lackpores. In argasid ticks, the anterior pit typically contains 9 sensilla, although the number is variable among the species. Several multiporose olfactosensilla are recognized, along with grooved sensilla and no-pore mechanosensory setae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Two or more multiporose setiform sensilla located on the dorsal surface of Tarsus I immediately distal to the anterior pitportion of Haller's organ. Although not technically a part of either the anterior pit or the posterior capsule, these odorant sensilla function in the same role as the odorant sensilla in the body of Haller's organ and, consequently, are considered as functionally part of the organ. default_namespace TADS:0000290 Fig. 15-10, Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ precapsular seta TADS:0000290 Two or more multiporose setiform sensilla located on the dorsal surface of Tarsus I immediately distal to the anterior pitportion of Haller's organ. Although not technically a part of either the anterior pit or the posterior capsule, these odorant sensilla function in the same role as the odorant sensilla in the body of Haller's organ and, consequently, are considered as functionally part of the organ. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. This multiporose sensillum has up to 15dendrites. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillum is innervated by 5 neurons. default_namespace AP1 multiporose sensillum TADS:0000291 Fig. 15-6, Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD-1 sensillum TADS:0000291 A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. This multiporose sensillum has up to 15dendrites. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillum is innervated by 5 neurons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillumis innervated by 9 neurons. default_namespace AP2 multiporose sensillum TADS:0000292 adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD2 sensillum TADS:0000292 A large multiporose setiform sensillum which functions as a olfactosensory sensillum. In Amblyomma americanum, this sensillumis innervated by 9 neurons. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A group of 4 setae (typically) located immediately posterior (proximal) to the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Function unknown. Although not specifically part of the organ, they are sufficiently close as to form a part of the anatomy of Haller's organ and may contribute to its function. default_namespace TADS:0000293 Fig. 15-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ postcapsular seta TADS:0000293 A group of 4 setae (typically) located immediately posterior (proximal) to the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Function unknown. Although not specifically part of the organ, they are sufficiently close as to form a part of the anatomy of Haller's organ and may contribute to its function. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Setae located in the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Typically, 4 of the setae are single-walled multiporose sensilla and are innervated by one or more dendrites. As many as 8 other sensilla are simple setiform structures known as pleomorphs that are not innervated. default_namespace Pleomorphs: not sensory components of the capsule. Not to be confused with sensory setae. TADS:0000294 Fig. 4-23, Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ capsular seta TADS:0000294 Setae located in the posterior capsule of Haller's organ. Typically, 4 of the setae are single-walled multiporose sensilla and are innervated by one or more dendrites. As many as 8 other sensilla are simple setiform structures known as pleomorphs that are not innervated. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A small internal gland composed of up to 4 cells located immediately below the Haller's organ within tarsus I. default_namespace TADS:0000295 Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Haller's organ gland TADS:0000295 A small internal gland composed of up to 4 cells located immediately below the Haller's organ within tarsus I. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A tissue comprised of one or more sensory neurons and sheatrh cells (thecogen cells) which secrete an amorphous sheath, the scolopale, that surrounds and insulates the neuron cell bodies and their dendrites. Sheath cells are reported to occur in arachnids (Tichy and Barth 1992: Microsc.Res. Tech. 22: 372-391). Thecogen cells have also been confirmed in the tick Amblyomma variegatum by Steullet (1993, Perception of vertebrate volatiles in the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum; dissertation at the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland). default_namespace TADS:0000296 adult peripheral sensillum TADS:0000296 A tissue comprised of one or more sensory neurons and sheatrh cells (thecogen cells) which secrete an amorphous sheath, the scolopale, that surrounds and insulates the neuron cell bodies and their dendrites. Sheath cells are reported to occur in arachnids (Tichy and Barth 1992: Microsc.Res. Tech. 22: 372-391). Thecogen cells have also been confirmed in the tick Amblyomma variegatum by Steullet (1993, Perception of vertebrate volatiles in the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum; dissertation at the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland). Google:Steullet 1993 A cell found in the peripheral sensilla that surrounds the neuron cell bodies and the proximal parts of their dendrites. default_namespace Sheath cell TADS:0000297 adult thecogen cell TADS:0000297 A cell found in the peripheral sensilla that surrounds the neuron cell bodies and the proximal parts of their dendrites. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 An amorphous sheath secreted by the thecogen cells that surrounds the sensory neurons and the proximal parts of their dendrites. default_namespace TADS:0000298 adult peripheral sensilla scolopale TADS:0000298 An amorphous sheath secreted by the thecogen cells that surrounds the sensory neurons and the proximal parts of their dendrites. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A type of cell found in the sensillum that surround the sensory neuron dendrites and nourishes them; presumably functioning inion transport. default_namespace TADS:0000299 adult peripheral sensilla trichogen cell TADS:0000299 A type of cell found in the sensillum that surround the sensory neuron dendrites and nourishes them; presumably functioning inion transport. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cells that contribute to the formation of the sensillum. default_namespace Auxilliary cells TADS:0000300 adult peripheral sensilla tormogen cell TADS:0000300 Cells that contribute to the formation of the sensillum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A hair like process that extends from the cuticle to the exterior. The seta is the most common type of sensillum. The seta isinserted into a socket, a depression in the cuticle surrounded by a slight ridge. The interior of the seta is hollow and connected directly to a duct that extends through the cuticle to the epidermis. Several neurons embedded in the epidermis innervate the setiform sensillum, sending dendrites into the shaft of the seta. Axons from the neuron cell bodies extend into the interior of the body and communicate via nerves to the synganglion. Most setae are simple, without pores and serve as mechanosensilla and are innervated by mechanosensory neurons. Specialized setae have either single pores at the tip (gustatory sensilla), pores all over the sensilla (olfactosensilla) or pores in ridges along the side walls or with grooves that lack pores. These latter sensilla are believed to function as hygrosensilla or thermosensilla or both. default_namespace TADS:0000301 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult seta TADS:0000301 A hair like process that extends from the cuticle to the exterior. The seta is the most common type of sensillum. The seta isinserted into a socket, a depression in the cuticle surrounded by a slight ridge. The interior of the seta is hollow and connected directly to a duct that extends through the cuticle to the epidermis. Several neurons embedded in the epidermis innervate the setiform sensillum, sending dendrites into the shaft of the seta. Axons from the neuron cell bodies extend into the interior of the body and communicate via nerves to the synganglion. Most setae are simple, without pores and serve as mechanosensilla and are innervated by mechanosensory neurons. Specialized setae have either single pores at the tip (gustatory sensilla), pores all over the sensilla (olfactosensilla) or pores in ridges along the side walls or with grooves that lack pores. These latter sensilla are believed to function as hygrosensilla or thermosensilla or both. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The enlarged, rounded or oval cavity on the dorsal surface of the cuticle in which the seta is embedded. The socket is evident externally as a ring of slightly thickened, elevated cuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000302 Fig. 5-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult setal socket TADS:0000302 The enlarged, rounded or oval cavity on the dorsal surface of the cuticle in which the seta is embedded. The socket is evident externally as a ring of slightly thickened, elevated cuticle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Slit-like structures that occur on the dorsal surfaces of the second, third and fourth leg tarsi in Amblyomma variegatum. Theyare believed to be mechanosensilla specifically dedicated to detecting airborne or substrate vibrations. default_namespace TADS:0000303 adult distal tarsal slit sense organ TADS:0000303 Slit-like structures that occur on the dorsal surfaces of the second, third and fourth leg tarsi in Amblyomma variegatum. Theyare believed to be mechanosensilla specifically dedicated to detecting airborne or substrate vibrations. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The layer of clear, transparent cuticle that covers the eye. default_namespace TADS:0000304 Fig. 15-30, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult eye lens TADS:0000304 The layer of clear, transparent cuticle that covers the eye. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion that contains neurons that communicate with the eyes via the optic nerves. Axons from the eyes communicate with association neurons in the optic lobes. default_namespace TADS:0000305 Fig. 14-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion optic ganglion TADS:0000305 A region of the subesophageal region of the synganglion that contains neurons that communicate with the eyes via the optic nerves. Axons from the eyes communicate with association neurons in the optic lobes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Anterior tracheal trunk in the anterior dorsal body region. default_namespace TADS:0000306 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior dorsal trunk TADS:0000306 Anterior tracheal trunk in the anterior dorsal body region. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk leading to the anterior lateral margins of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000307 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior lateral trunk TADS:0000307 Tracheal trunk leading to the anterior lateral margins of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk leading to the anterior lateral margins of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000308 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior median trunk TADS:0000308 Tracheal trunk leading to the anterior lateral margins of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk leading to the median region of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000309 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult median trunk TADS:0000309 Tracheal trunk leading to the median region of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk leading to the median dorsal region of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000310 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult median dorsal trunk TADS:0000310 Tracheal trunk leading to the median dorsal region of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk leading to the posterior dorsal region of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000311 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult posterior dorsal trunk TADS:0000311 Tracheal trunk leading to the posterior dorsal region of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunks leading to the dorsal anterior region of the body immediately posterior to the capitulum. default_namespace TADS:0000312 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult posterior cerebral anastomosis TADS:0000312 Tracheal trunks leading to the dorsal anterior region of the body immediately posterior to the capitulum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk that extends to the posterior median region of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000313 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult posterior median trunk TADS:0000313 Tracheal trunk that extends to the posterior median region of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tracheal trunk that extends to the legs and subdivides into the indidividual tracheae that supply the legs. default_namespace TADS:0000314 Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pedal trunk TADS:0000314 Tracheal trunk that extends to the legs and subdivides into the indidividual tracheae that supply the legs. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The respiratory tube that supplies air to the organs and tissues and removes CO2. default_namespace TADS:0000315 Fig. 12-7, Fig. 12-8, Fig. 12-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult trachea TADS:0000315 The respiratory tube that supplies air to the organs and tissues and removes CO2. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cuticular lining of the trachea that is folded into distinctive spiral coil which gives the trachea its distinctive character when viewed with the scanning or transmission electron microscope. default_namespace TADS:0000316 Fig. 12-7, Fig. 12-8, Fig. 12-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tracheal taenidium TADS:0000316 The cuticular lining of the trachea that is folded into distinctive spiral coil which gives the trachea its distinctive character when viewed with the scanning or transmission electron microscope. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The single layer of epithelial cells that secretes and maintains the tracheae. default_namespace TADS:0000317 adult tracheal epithelium TADS:0000317 The single layer of epithelial cells that secretes and maintains the tracheae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair tracheae that are derived from the anterior lateral trunks and extend to the chelicerae. default_namespace TADS:0000318 adult cheliceral trachea TADS:0000318 A pair tracheae that are derived from the anterior lateral trunks and extend to the chelicerae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of tracheae derived from the anterior lateral trunk and which extend anteriorly into the basis capituli. default_namespace TADS:0000319 adult gnathosomal tracheae TADS:0000319 A pair of tracheae derived from the anterior lateral trunk and which extend anteriorly into the basis capituli. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of trachea derived from the posterior median trunk that anastomoses into tiny tracheae throughout the posterior region ofthe body. default_namespace TADS:0000320 adult posterior lateral trachea TADS:0000320 A pair of trachea derived from the posterior median trunk that anastomoses into tiny tracheae throughout the posterior region ofthe body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The fat body consists of highly dispersed strands of cells clinging to the atrial chamber, tracheal trunks and trachea and, to a limited extent, other internal organs. The fat body is the site of synthesis for vitellogenin, the yolk protein, of conversion o fecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone (the molting hormone and other hormonal functions) and probably other functions. It is also believedto be site for the production of antimicrobial proteins, e.g., defensin. The fat body subdivided into central region, surrounding thealimentary canal and a peripheral region, along the tracheal trunks and tracheae. The fat body consists of two types of cells,trophocytes and nephrocytes. default_namespace TADS:0000321 Fig. 13-1, Fig. 13-2, Fig. 13-3, Fig. 13-4, Fig. 13-5, Fig. 13-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult fat body TADS:0000321 The fat body consists of highly dispersed strands of cells clinging to the atrial chamber, tracheal trunks and trachea and, to a limited extent, other internal organs. The fat body is the site of synthesis for vitellogenin, the yolk protein, of conversion o fecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone (the molting hormone and other hormonal functions) and probably other functions. It is also believedto be site for the production of antimicrobial proteins, e.g., defensin. The fat body subdivided into central region, surrounding thealimentary canal and a peripheral region, along the tracheal trunks and tracheae. The fat body consists of two types of cells,trophocytes and nephrocytes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The primary cell type that makes up most of the fat body. Located in groups (chords) of cells attached to the exterior of thetracheal trunks and tracheae throughout the body, capitulum and legs. The trophocytes are considered as the cells responsible forsynthesis and secretion of vitellogenin. default_namespace TADS:0000322 Fig. 13-2, Fig. 13-3, Fig. 13-4, Fig. 13-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult fat body trophocyte TADS:0000322 The primary cell type that makes up most of the fat body. Located in groups (chords) of cells attached to the exterior of thetracheal trunks and tracheae throughout the body, capitulum and legs. The trophocytes are considered as the cells responsible forsynthesis and secretion of vitellogenin. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 One of the two types of the cells that make up the fat body. Nephrocytes are oval or subcircular cells, often free floating orattached adjacent to the epithelial-like trophocytes. Their precise function is unknown. default_namespace TADS:0000323 Fig. 13-2, Fig. 13-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult fat body nephrocyte TADS:0000323 One of the two types of the cells that make up the fat body. Nephrocytes are oval or subcircular cells, often free floating orattached adjacent to the epithelial-like trophocytes. Their precise function is unknown. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The system of striated, voluntary muscles that control the movements of the various parts of the body, capitulum and legs. default_namespace TADS:0000324 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 6-4, Fig. 6-5, Fig. 6-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult muscular system TADS:0000324 The system of striated, voluntary muscles that control the movements of the various parts of the body, capitulum and legs. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bands of muscles that extend between the inner surfaces of the ventral and dorsal body cuticle that compress the body and create hydrostatic pressure. In argasidticks, the attachment sites are marked by external discs visible on the outer surface of the cuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000325 adult dorso-ventral muscle TADS:0000325 Bands of muscles that extend between the inner surfaces of the ventral and dorsal body cuticle that compress the body and create hydrostatic pressure. In argasidticks, the attachment sites are marked by external discs visible on the outer surface of the cuticle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg I away the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000326 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult abductors coxa I TADS:0000326 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg I away the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Bands of muscle that rotate the coxa towards the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000327 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult adductors Coxa I TADS:0000327 Bands of muscle that rotate the coxa towards the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg II away the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000328 adult abductors Coxa II TADS:0000328 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg II away the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg III away the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000329 adult abductors Coxa III TADS:0000329 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg III away the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg IV away the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000330 adult abductors Coxa IV TADS:0000330 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg IV away the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg II toward the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000331 adult adductors Coxa II TADS:0000331 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg II toward the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg III toward the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000332 adult adductors Coxa III TADS:0000332 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg III toward the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg IV toward the midline of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000333 adult adductors Coxa IV TADS:0000333 Muscle bands that rotate the coxa of leg IV toward the midline of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that control the movements of the cuticle around the genital pore. default_namespace TADS:0000334 adult dorso-genital muscle TADS:0000334 Muscles that control the movements of the cuticle around the genital pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that draw (flex) the capitulum (gnathosoma) towards the body. default_namespace Flexors of the gnathosoma TADS:0000335 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult captiular depressor TADS:0000335 Muscles that draw (flex) the capitulum (gnathosoma) towards the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that extend the capitulum away from the body. default_namespace capitular extensor muscles TADS:0000336 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult capitular levator TADS:0000336 Muscles that extend the capitulum away from the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscle bands that occur between the coxae. default_namespace TADS:0000337 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult intercoxal muscle TADS:0000337 Muscle bands that occur between the coxae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, muscles that insert on the coxal fold. default_namespace TADS:0000338 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal fold muscle TADS:0000338 In argasid ticks, muscles that insert on the coxal fold. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, muscles that extend from the body wall to the coxal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000339 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal gland muscle TADS:0000339 In argasid ticks, muscles that extend from the body wall to the coxal glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that insert on the marginal fold. default_namespace TADS:0000340 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult marginal fold muscle TADS:0000340 Muscles that insert on the marginal fold. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, muscles that insert on the pre-anal groove. default_namespace TADS:0000341 Fig. 6-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult preanal muscles TADS:0000341 In argasid ticks, muscles that insert on the pre-anal groove. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles that extend from the dorsal body wall (scutum in ixodid ticks) to the bases of the chelicerae. default_namespace TADS:0000342 Fig. 6-4, Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cheliceral retractor muscle TADS:0000342 Muscles that extend from the dorsal body wall (scutum in ixodid ticks) to the bases of the chelicerae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Small muscle that draws the macula against the ostium, closing the spiracular pore. default_namespace Atrial muscles TADS:0000343 Fig. 12-4, Fig. 12-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult spiracular muscle TADS:0000343 Small muscle that draws the macula against the ostium, closing the spiracular pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A portion of the macula, forming its upper lip. default_namespace TADS:0000344 adult spiracular columella TADS:0000344 A portion of the macula, forming its upper lip. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of flap-like structures that allow the opening or closing of the anal aperture. default_namespace TADS:0000345 adult anal valve TADS:0000345 A pair of flap-like structures that allow the opening or closing of the anal aperture. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The portion of the macula that impinges against the spiracular plate, thereby closing the ostium (spiracular pore). default_namespace TADS:0000346 adult macula wedge TADS:0000346 The portion of the macula that impinges against the spiracular plate, thereby closing the ostium (spiracular pore). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The minute submicroscopic tubes that penetrate directly into the cells and tissues. Tracheoles are the final terminal endings of the tracheae. default_namespace TADS:0000347 adult tracheole TADS:0000347 The minute submicroscopic tubes that penetrate directly into the cells and tissues. Tracheoles are the final terminal endings of the tracheae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The columella is the portion of the macula adjacent to its junction with the ostium. default_namespace TADS:0000348 Fig. 12-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult columella TADS:0000348 The columella is the portion of the macula adjacent to its junction with the ostium. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin section of cuticle that connects the columella to the underside of the cuticular layer that supports the pedicels. The columella extends from the upper lip of the macula to the underside of the pedicels. default_namespace TADS:0000349 Fig. 12-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult columella stalk TADS:0000349 The thin section of cuticle that connects the columella to the underside of the cuticular layer that supports the pedicels. The columella extends from the upper lip of the macula to the underside of the pedicels. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, the valve-like constriction between the atrial chamber and the subostial space of the spiracle. default_namespace TADS:0000350 adult atrial valve TADS:0000350 In argasid ticks, the valve-like constriction between the atrial chamber and the subostial space of the spiracle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, a enclosed area near the pedicels and connected to the subostial space. The roof of the vestibulum isflexible and can be everted or inverted, thereby controlling gaseous pressure into the tracheal trunks. In Exp. Appl. Acarology:14:151-163. default_namespace TADS:0000351 adult vestibulum TADS:0000351 In argasid ticks, a enclosed area near the pedicels and connected to the subostial space. The roof of the vestibulum isflexible and can be everted or inverted, thereby controlling gaseous pressure into the tracheal trunks. In Exp. Appl. Acarology:14:151-163. ISSN:0168-8162 This system consists of the ovary, the oviducts, the uterus, the cervical vagina, the seminal receptacle, the vestibular vagina,accessory glands and the genital pore. In addition, Gene's organ, located separately in the dorsal body cavity, serve as the eggwaxing organ. default_namespace TADS:0000352 Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult female reproductive system TADS:0000352 This system consists of the ovary, the oviducts, the uterus, the cervical vagina, the seminal receptacle, the vestibular vagina,accessory glands and the genital pore. In addition, Gene's organ, located separately in the dorsal body cavity, serve as the eggwaxing organ. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 An organ located in the dorsal anterior region of the body with paired horns that can be extruded through the capitular foramen in the camerostomal fold. Gene's organ is responsible for coating the eggs with a waxy secretion. default_namespace TADS:0000353 Fig. 16-22, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Gene's organ TADS:0000353 An organ located in the dorsal anterior region of the body with paired horns that can be extruded through the capitular foramen in the camerostomal fold. Gene's organ is responsible for coating the eggs with a waxy secretion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The opening at the anterior end of the body through which the finger-like projections of the Gene's organ extend. default_namespace Camerostomal aperture (Argasidae) Camerostomal cavity (Argasid ticks) TADS:0000354 adult capitular foramen TADS:0000354 The opening at the anterior end of the body through which the finger-like projections of the Gene's organ extend. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The raised margins of the camerostome. It is comprised of folded cuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000355 Fig. 4-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult camerostomal fold TADS:0000355 The raised margins of the camerostome. It is comprised of folded cuticle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Muscles from the dorsal interior of the body that insert on the horns of the Gene's organ. These muscles withdraw the horns ofthe organ back into the body when not in use. default_namespace TADS:0000356 Fig. 6-4, Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-12, Fig. 16-22, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Gene's organ retractor muscle TADS:0000356 Muscles from the dorsal interior of the body that insert on the horns of the Gene's organ. These muscles withdraw the horns ofthe organ back into the body when not in use. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg the muscle that extends from the coxa which bends the trochanter and folds it against the body. default_namespace TADS:0000357 Fig. 6-4, Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult trochanteral flexor muscle TADS:0000357 In each leg the muscle that extends from the coxa which bends the trochanter and folds it against the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, a muscle band that extends from the coxa to the trochanter and extends it away from the body. default_namespace TADS:0000358 Fig. 6-4, Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult trochanteral extensor muscle TADS:0000358 In each leg, a muscle band that extends from the coxa to the trochanter and extends it away from the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, a muscle band that extends from the trochanter to the femur and bends it towards the body. default_namespace TADS:0000359 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult femoral flexor muscle TADS:0000359 In each leg, a muscle band that extends from the trochanter to the femur and bends it towards the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the trochanter into the femur and extends it away from the body. default_namespace TADS:0000360 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult femoral extensor muscle TADS:0000360 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the trochanter into the femur and extends it away from the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the muscle band that extends from the femur to the patella and bends it towards the body. default_namespace TADS:0000361 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult patellar flexor muscle TADS:0000361 In each leg, the muscle band that extends from the femur to the patella and bends it towards the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the muscle band that extends from the femur into the patella and extends it away from the body. default_namespace TADS:0000362 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult patellar extensor muscle TADS:0000362 In each leg, the muscle band that extends from the femur into the patella and extends it away from the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the patella into the tibia and bends it towards the body. default_namespace TADS:0000363 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tibial flexor muscle TADS:0000363 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the patella into the tibia and bends it towards the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the patella into the tibia and extends it away from the body. default_namespace TADS:0000364 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tibial extensor muscle TADS:0000364 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the patella into the tibia and extends it away from the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, a band of muscle that extends from the tibia into the tarsus and bends it towards the body. default_namespace TADS:0000365 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tarsal flexor muscle TADS:0000365 In each leg, a band of muscle that extends from the tibia into the tarsus and bends it towards the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, a band of muscle that extends from the tibia into the tarsus and extends it away from the body. default_namespace TADS:0000366 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tarsal extensor muscle TADS:0000366 In each leg, a band of muscle that extends from the tibia into the tarsus and extends it away from the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the tarsus and inserts on the pretarsus, bending it towards the tarsus. default_namespace TADS:0000367 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pretarsal flexor muscle TADS:0000367 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the tarsus and inserts on the pretarsus, bending it towards the tarsus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the tarsus, inserts on the pretarsus and moves it away from the leg (extendsit outwards). default_namespace TADS:0000368 Fig. 6-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pretarsal extensor muscle TADS:0000368 In each leg, the band of muscle that extends from the tarsus, inserts on the pretarsus and moves it away from the leg (extendsit outwards). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The posterior cuticlelined sac that surrounds the internal body of Gene's organ. The cuticular-lined sac encloses the corpus and the horns of the organ (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace Inner cuticular sac TADS:0000369 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 3-EAA, Fig. 4-EAA, Fig. 8-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ cuticular sac TADS:0000369 The posterior cuticlelined sac that surrounds the internal body of Gene's organ. The cuticular-lined sac encloses the corpus and the horns of the organ (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 The corpus is the large sac at the posterior end of the gland that fills with fluid. It is supplied with ducts from the adjacent glands. Evidently, this is the main repository of waxy secretions that are poured onto the eggs. default_namespace Stalk of Gene's organ TADS:0000370 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 2-EAA, Fig. 6-EAA, Fig. 9-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ corpus TADS:0000370 The corpus is the large sac at the posterior end of the gland that fills with fluid. It is supplied with ducts from the adjacent glands. Evidently, this is the main repository of waxy secretions that are poured onto the eggs. ISSN:00168-8162 A pair of antero-lateral lobe or finger-like projections that are everted during egg waxing. These blind-ending horns are everted by hydrostatic pressure of the hemolymph. In Prostriate ticks, 4 horns are present. default_namespace TADS:0000371 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 2-EAA, Fig. 9-EAA, Fig. 17-EAA, Fig. 18-EAA, Fig. 19-EAA, Fig. 20-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ horn TADS:0000371 A pair of antero-lateral lobe or finger-like projections that are everted during egg waxing. These blind-ending horns are everted by hydrostatic pressure of the hemolymph. In Prostriate ticks, 4 horns are present. ISSN:0168-8162 The outermost part of Gene's organ which secretes the cuticular sac and is continuous with the epidermis of the body and capitulum. It also forms the corpus and blind-ending horns. default_namespace TADS:0000372 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 4-EAA, Fig. 8-EAA, Fig. 11-EAA, Fig. 22-EAA, Fig. 23-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol.25: 327-352. Gene's organ epithelial sac TADS:0000372 The outermost part of Gene's organ which secretes the cuticular sac and is continuous with the epidermis of the body and capitulum. It also forms the corpus and blind-ending horns. ISSN:0168-8162 Accessory glands that occur on either side of the Gene's organ. The main efferent ducts of these glands open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac into the corpus (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000373 Fig. 2-EAA, Fig. 6-EAA, Fig. 7-EAA, Fig. 9-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ cranial gland TADS:0000373 Accessory glands that occur on either side of the Gene's organ. The main efferent ducts of these glands open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac into the corpus (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 Accessory glands that occur on either side of the Gene's organ. The main efferent ducts of these glands open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac into the horns (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000374 Fig. 2-EAA, Fig. 9-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ caudal gland TADS:0000374 Accessory glands that occur on either side of the Gene's organ. The main efferent ducts of these glands open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac into the horns (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 Accessory glands associated with the Gene's organ that secrete waxy fluids via main efferent ducts into the organ. Kuhn et al. describe reported lectin activity in the "invaginations of the Gene's organ" suggesting that lectins play a role in protecting the eggs against microbial invasions (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000375 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 8-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352; Also in Parasitol. Res. 82: 215 -221. adult Gene's organ tubular gland TADS:0000375 Accessory glands associated with the Gene's organ that secrete waxy fluids via main efferent ducts into the organ. Kuhn et al. describe reported lectin activity in the "invaginations of the Gene's organ" suggesting that lectins play a role in protecting the eggs against microbial invasions (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 The opening at the posterior end of the organ. The Gene's organ is open to the hemocoel and hemolymph circulates into the organ, contributing the hydrostatic pressure that everts the gland during egg waxing activity. From Schol et al. (2001). default_namespace TADS:0000376 Fig. 1-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ aperture TADS:0000376 The opening at the posterior end of the organ. The Gene's organ is open to the hemocoel and hemolymph circulates into the organ, contributing the hydrostatic pressure that everts the gland during egg waxing activity. From Schol et al. (2001). ISSN:0168-8162 The main duct that carries the secretions of the Gene's organ tubular glands to the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac surrounding the corpus and horns. default_namespace TADS:0000377 Fig. 8-EAA, Fig. 10-EAA, Fig. 11-EAA, Fig. 12-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult tubular gland main efferent duct TADS:0000377 The main duct that carries the secretions of the Gene's organ tubular glands to the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac surrounding the corpus and horns. ISSN:0168-8162 The lumen between the epithelium of the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac. This is the lumen into which the secretions of the accessory glands accumulate and presumably migrate into the corpus and horns when the gland is everted to wax the eggs (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000378 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 3-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ epithelial sac lumen TADS:0000378 The lumen between the epithelium of the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac. This is the lumen into which the secretions of the accessory glands accumulate and presumably migrate into the corpus and horns when the gland is everted to wax the eggs (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 Numerous pits located on the surface of the cuticular sac. Each pit contains a pore joined to tubuli that open into the lumen between the cuticular and epithelial sacs. default_namespace TADS:0000379 Fig. 3-EAA, Fig. 5-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult circular cribate pit TADS:0000379 Numerous pits located on the surface of the cuticular sac. Each pit contains a pore joined to tubuli that open into the lumen between the cuticular and epithelial sacs. ISSN:0168-8162 These pores are the openings of the tubuli that permeate the cuticle of the cuticular sac and allow waxy secretions to spread out over its surface when the horns are everted. default_namespace TADS:0000380 Fig. 5-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult cribate pit pore TADS:0000380 These pores are the openings of the tubuli that permeate the cuticle of the cuticular sac and allow waxy secretions to spread out over its surface when the horns are everted. ISSN:0168-8162 Elongated (247.5 nm) submicroscopic tubes that permeate the walls of the cuticular sac, opening into the cribate pores on theexternal side of the cuticular sac and the lumen between the epithelial and cuticular sacs on the internal side. default_namespace TADS:0000381 Fig. 5-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult cuticular sac tubuli TADS:0000381 Elongated (247.5 nm) submicroscopic tubes that permeate the walls of the cuticular sac, opening into the cribate pores on theexternal side of the cuticular sac and the lumen between the epithelial and cuticular sacs on the internal side. ISSN:0168-8162 Folds (mean height 5.9 microns) in the epicuticular surface of the external side of the cuticular sac in the lateral regions ofthe corpus and horns. These ledge-like structures give the horns and the lateral regions of the corpus its folded appearance when theeverted organ is viewed with the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000382 Fig. 5-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult cuticular sac ledge TADS:0000382 Folds (mean height 5.9 microns) in the epicuticular surface of the external side of the cuticular sac in the lateral regions ofthe corpus and horns. These ledge-like structures give the horns and the lateral regions of the corpus its folded appearance when theeverted organ is viewed with the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162. The blind ending extension of the tubular glands, cranial glands and caudal glands. default_namespace TADS:0000383 Fig. 1-EAA, Fig. 10-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece TADS:0000383 The blind ending extension of the tubular glands, cranial glands and caudal glands. ISSN:0168-8162 The fluid filled duct of the tubular end pieces of each gland that empty into the main efferent ducts (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000384 Fig. 11-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ tubular endpiece central excretory duct TADS:0000384 The fluid filled duct of the tubular end pieces of each gland that empty into the main efferent ducts (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 The cells that line the tubular end pieces and secrete the amorphous waxy fluid that flows into the ducts and eventually out on to the horns to wax the eggs. Each gland cell secretes into its own individual lumen and is connected to a cuticular pore by a duct cell. default_namespace TADS:0000385 Fig. 10-EAA, Fig. 11-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ tubular end piece gland cell TADS:0000385 The cells that line the tubular end pieces and secrete the amorphous waxy fluid that flows into the ducts and eventually out on to the horns to wax the eggs. Each gland cell secretes into its own individual lumen and is connected to a cuticular pore by a duct cell. ISSN:0168-8162 Innumerable tiny delicate cuticular folds that cover the surfaces of the horms of the Gene's organ (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000386 Fig. 17-EAA, Fig. 18-EAA, Fig. 19-EAA, Fig. 20-EAA, Fig. 21-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ horn ledge TADS:0000386 Innumerable tiny delicate cuticular folds that cover the surfaces of the horms of the Gene's organ (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 The fluid filled cavity within which waxy secretions flows into the main duct of the gland (Schol et al. 2001). default_namespace TADS:0000387 Fig. 9-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ exceretory duct lumen TADS:0000387 The fluid filled cavity within which waxy secretions flows into the main duct of the gland (Schol et al. 2001). ISSN:0168-8162 Duct cells are cells that connect the secretory glandular cells to the cuticular pores of the cuticular sac (Tissue and Cell 16: 589-599). default_namespace TADS:0000388 Fig. 10-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ tubular end piece duct cell TADS:0000388 Duct cells are cells that connect the secretory glandular cells to the cuticular pores of the cuticular sac (Tissue and Cell 16: 589-599). ISSN:0040-8166 The epithelial layer that secretes the atrial chamber wall. default_namespace TADS:0000389 adult atrial chamber epithelium TADS:0000389 The epithelial layer that secretes the atrial chamber wall. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cuticle that forms the inner wall of the atrial chamber. default_namespace TADS:0000390 adult atrial chamber cuticular lining TADS:0000390 The cuticle that forms the inner wall of the atrial chamber. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Openings (pores) on the epicuticular surface of the cuticular sac. These pores are the openings of the tubuli in the wall of the cuticular sac. The tubuli pass through the cuticular sac and end in pores on the epicuticular surface and open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac. The arrangement is similar in both argasid and ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000391 Fig. 5-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult cuticular sac pore TADS:0000391 Openings (pores) on the epicuticular surface of the cuticular sac. These pores are the openings of the tubuli in the wall of the cuticular sac. The tubuli pass through the cuticular sac and end in pores on the epicuticular surface and open into the lumen between the epithelial sac and the cuticular sac. The arrangement is similar in both argasid and ixodid ticks. Med.Vet.Entomol.:15:422-332 The ductular zone comprised of numerous ducts connecting the secretory lobes of the foveal gland with the foveal pores. default_namespace TADS:0000392 Fig. 19-15, Fig. 19-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal neck zone TADS:0000392 The ductular zone comprised of numerous ducts connecting the secretory lobes of the foveal gland with the foveal pores. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cells that form the foveal ducts. default_namespace TADS:0000393 Fig. 19-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal duct cell TADS:0000393 true The cells that form the foveal ducts. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The ampullae are cap-like structures that connect the foveal ducts in the cuticle with the gland ducts below the cuticle. Each ampulla is composed of an electron dense outer zone with flap-like ends that enclose the structure like a cap, and a more lucent innerzone where each duct from the secretory lobes is inserted. default_namespace TADS:0000394 Fig. 19-16, Fig. 19-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveal duct ampullae TADS:0000394 The ampullae are cap-like structures that connect the foveal ducts in the cuticle with the gland ducts below the cuticle. Each ampulla is composed of an electron dense outer zone with flap-like ends that enclose the structure like a cap, and a more lucent innerzone where each duct from the secretory lobes is inserted. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The pair of porose areas located on the dorsal surface of the body in adult ixodid ticks. In females, the paired foveae arelocated in the mid-alloscutal part of the dorsum immediately posterior the scutum. Each fovea contains from 15 - 50 slit-like poresin a circular field surrounded by a narrow circular ridge. The external pores communicate with the foveal ducts the permeate thecuticle below the structure. In males, far fewer slits occur and there is no circular ridge. Foveae dorsales are absent in juvenilestage ticks and in argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000395 Fig. 19-3, Fig. 19-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult foveae dorsales TADS:0000395 The pair of porose areas located on the dorsal surface of the body in adult ixodid ticks. In females, the paired foveae arelocated in the mid-alloscutal part of the dorsum immediately posterior the scutum. Each fovea contains from 15 - 50 slit-like poresin a circular field surrounded by a narrow circular ridge. The external pores communicate with the foveal ducts the permeate thecuticle below the structure. In males, far fewer slits occur and there is no circular ridge. Foveae dorsales are absent in juvenilestage ticks and in argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells that forms the wall of this tube. default_namespace TADS:0000396 adult intestine lining epithelium TADS:0000396 The single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells that forms the wall of this tube. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of squamous or cuboidal cells that forms the wall of the rectal sac. default_namespace TADS:0000397 adult rectal sac epithelial lining TADS:0000397 The thin layer of squamous or cuboidal cells that forms the wall of the rectal sac. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that secretes the cuticle lining of the rectum. default_namespace TADS:0000398 adult rectum epithelial layer TADS:0000398 The thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that secretes the cuticle lining of the rectum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A spine located on the dorsal surface of the inner cheliceral digit. default_namespace TADS:0000399 adult inner cheliceral digit dorsal spine TADS:0000399 A spine located on the dorsal surface of the inner cheliceral digit. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A band or u-shaped crescentic tube stretched horizontally across the posterior region of the body. The ovary is studded withinnumerable oocytes that expand in size during oogenesis, fill with brown yolk (vitellogenin) after mating and eventually migrate outinto the oviducts and vagina to exit the body. The ovary appears as a delicate, white tube in unfed females but becomes veryprominent during feeding, eventually appearing as one of the largest organs in the body. The ovary is similar in both ixodid andargasid ticks. In D. andersoni, the ovary is approximately 6 mm long by 64 - 110 microns in diameter. The tick ovary is of thepanoistic type, i.e., it lacks nurse cells. default_namespace TADS:0000400 Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-4, Fig. 16-5, Fig. 16-6, Fig. 16-7, Fig. 16-8, Fig. 16-9, Fig. 16-10, Fig. 16-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary TADS:0000400 A band or u-shaped crescentic tube stretched horizontally across the posterior region of the body. The ovary is studded withinnumerable oocytes that expand in size during oogenesis, fill with brown yolk (vitellogenin) after mating and eventually migrate outinto the oviducts and vagina to exit the body. The ovary appears as a delicate, white tube in unfed females but becomes veryprominent during feeding, eventually appearing as one of the largest organs in the body. The ovary is similar in both ixodid andargasid ticks. In D. andersoni, the ovary is approximately 6 mm long by 64 - 110 microns in diameter. The tick ovary is of thepanoistic type, i.e., it lacks nurse cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Undifferentiated cells that form the epithelial lining and occur between the oogonia or developing oocytes. Comparable to stemcells. default_namespace Germinal cells TADS:0000401 adult ovary interstitial cell TADS:0000401 Undifferentiated cells that form the epithelial lining and occur between the oogonia or developing oocytes. Comparable to stemcells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The earliest developmental stage cells that will become oocytes. Oogonia are committed cells that have not yet begun to fullydevelop into oocytes. default_namespace TADS:0000402 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary oogonia TADS:0000402 The earliest developmental stage cells that will become oocytes. Oogonia are committed cells that have not yet begun to fullydevelop into oocytes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The outer layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that surrounds the ovary and forms its wall. Lies againstthe epithelial layer. default_namespace TADS:0000403 adult ovary outer wall TADS:0000403 The outer layer of squamous epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells that surrounds the ovary and forms its wall. Lies againstthe epithelial layer. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The tunica propria is the amorphous lamellate sheath comprised of multiple layers of fibrillar material, collectively about 1micron thick. The tunica propria extends (folds) around each of the developing oocytes and forms an outer covering as they enlarge. The tunica propria is believed to be permeable to vitellogenin and other hemolymph proteins. default_namespace TADS:0000404 Fig. 16-24, Fig. 16-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary tunica propria TADS:0000404 The tunica propria is the amorphous lamellate sheath comprised of multiple layers of fibrillar material, collectively about 1micron thick. The tunica propria extends (folds) around each of the developing oocytes and forms an outer covering as they enlarge. The tunica propria is believed to be permeable to vitellogenin and other hemolymph proteins. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The tube-like cavity (lumen) of the ovary. Lined by the lumenal epithelium. The ovarian lumen is continuous with the oviducts. Fully developed oocytes pass into the lumen and migrate to the oviducts for eventual passage out of the reproductive system. default_namespace TADS:0000405 Fig. 16-6, Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary lumen TADS:0000405 The tube-like cavity (lumen) of the ovary. Lined by the lumenal epithelium. The ovarian lumen is continuous with the oviducts. Fully developed oocytes pass into the lumen and migrate to the oviducts for eventual passage out of the reproductive system. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The layer of epithelial cells, mostly interstitial cells interspersed with oogonia, that forms the inner lining of the ovary. default_namespace TADS:0000406 Fig. 16-6, Fig. 16-7, Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary lumenal epithelium TADS:0000406 The layer of epithelial cells, mostly interstitial cells interspersed with oogonia, that forms the inner lining of the ovary. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 An elongated depression on one side of the length of the ovary. Germinal cells in the longitudinal groove are generally less well developed than elsewhere in the ovary; this appears to be a region of slower developmental activity. default_namespace TADS:0000407 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary longitudinal groove TADS:0000407 An elongated depression on one side of the length of the ovary. Germinal cells in the longitudinal groove are generally less well developed than elsewhere in the ovary; this appears to be a region of slower developmental activity. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are the earliest stage in the development of the oocytes that appears soon after attachment and the commencement offeeding in ixodid ticks or soon after the blood meal in the fast feeding argasid ticks. Stage I oocytes bulge externally on the outersurface of the ovary, appearing larger than the interstitial cells but with little additional cytoplasm. Stage I oocytes areprevitellogenic (i.e., lack yolk). default_namespace TADS:0000408 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary stage I oocyte TADS:0000408 These are the earliest stage in the development of the oocytes that appears soon after attachment and the commencement offeeding in ixodid ticks or soon after the blood meal in the fast feeding argasid ticks. Stage I oocytes bulge externally on the outersurface of the ovary, appearing larger than the interstitial cells but with little additional cytoplasm. Stage I oocytes areprevitellogenic (i.e., lack yolk). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Stage II oocytes are considerably larger than the stage I oocytes and constitute the next stage in their development. They continue to enlarge, with a much greater increase in cytoplasm during the slow feeding phase in ivirgin ixodid ticks or post-feedingbut prior to mating in argasid ticks. Stage II oocytes bulge externally on the outer surface of the ovary, appearing much larger than the interstitial cells or stage I oocytes. Stage II oocytes are also previtellogenic (i.e., lack yolk) cells and remain white in color. default_namespace TADS:0000409 Fig, 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary stage II oocyte TADS:0000409 Stage II oocytes are considerably larger than the stage I oocytes and constitute the next stage in their development. They continue to enlarge, with a much greater increase in cytoplasm during the slow feeding phase in ivirgin ixodid ticks or post-feedingbut prior to mating in argasid ticks. Stage II oocytes bulge externally on the outer surface of the ovary, appearing much larger than the interstitial cells or stage I oocytes. Stage II oocytes are also previtellogenic (i.e., lack yolk) cells and remain white in color. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Stage III oocytes constitute the developmental stage of the oocytes when they first begin to acquire yolk. Following mating,high levels of ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone) stimulate vitellogenin production in the fat body and, simultaneously, upregulation of the vitellogenin receptors in the oocytes (Thompson et al. 2007; Mitchell et al. 2007). As a result, the enlarging oocytes now begin to acquire yolk granules and begin to turn brown in color (vitellogenin is a lipoglycoheme protein). The stage III oocytes are larger than the stage I or stage II oocytes and are easily distinguished by their brown color. default_namespace TADS:0000410 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary stage III oocyte TADS:0000410 Stage III oocytes constitute the developmental stage of the oocytes when they first begin to acquire yolk. Following mating,high levels of ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone) stimulate vitellogenin production in the fat body and, simultaneously, upregulation of the vitellogenin receptors in the oocytes (Thompson et al. 2007; Mitchell et al. 2007). As a result, the enlarging oocytes now begin to acquire yolk granules and begin to turn brown in color (vitellogenin is a lipoglycoheme protein). The stage III oocytes are larger than the stage I or stage II oocytes and are easily distinguished by their brown color. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The greatly enlarged oocyte filled with enormous masses of yolk spheres. Shell formation begins at this stage. A micropyle ispresent in this stage, through which spermatozoa can enter the oocyte for fertilization. default_namespace TADS:0000411 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary stage IV oocyte TADS:0000411 The greatly enlarged oocyte filled with enormous masses of yolk spheres. Shell formation begins at this stage. A micropyle ispresent in this stage, through which spermatozoa can enter the oocyte for fertilization. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The final stage in oocyte development. At this stage, the oocyte passes through the funiculus, the tiny tube attaching it tothe ovary wall, and into the lumen. Many stage V oocytes have already been fertilized and covered with a fully formed shell, i.e., it is now an egg (but not embryonated). This passage of the stage V oocyte into the ovary lumen constitutes ovulation. default_namespace Ovum TADS:0000412 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary stage V oocyte TADS:0000412 The final stage in oocyte development. At this stage, the oocyte passes through the funiculus, the tiny tube attaching it tothe ovary wall, and into the lumen. Many stage V oocytes have already been fertilized and covered with a fully formed shell, i.e., it is now an egg (but not embryonated). This passage of the stage V oocyte into the ovary lumen constitutes ovulation. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The funiculus is the narrow tube through which the fully developed stage V oocytes passes into the lumen of the ovary (ovulation). default_namespace Pedicel TADS:0000413 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ovary funiculus TADS:0000413 The funiculus is the narrow tube through which the fully developed stage V oocytes passes into the lumen of the ovary (ovulation). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cells that form the funiculus. Typically, two or more cells form this structure. default_namespace TADS:0000414 adult ovary funicular cell TADS:0000414 The cells that form the funiculus. Typically, two or more cells form this structure. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The long coiled tube connecting the ovary with the uterus. In argasid ticks, the oviducts expand near their junction with the uterus, forming a bulbous ampulla. default_namespace TADS:0000415 Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-4, Fig. 16-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oviduct TADS:0000415 The long coiled tube connecting the ovary with the uterus. In argasid ticks, the oviducts expand near their junction with the uterus, forming a bulbous ampulla. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The sclerotized outer covering of the egg. default_namespace TADS:0000416 Fig. 16-8, Fig. 16-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oocyte shell TADS:0000416 The sclerotized outer covering of the egg. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The tiny groove-shaped opening at the end of the developing stage IV oocyte through which mature spermatozoa may enter theoocyte for fertilization. The micropyle is adjacent to the funiculus. default_namespace TADS:0000417 Fig. 16-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oocyte micropyle TADS:0000417 The tiny groove-shaped opening at the end of the developing stage IV oocyte through which mature spermatozoa may enter theoocyte for fertilization. The micropyle is adjacent to the funiculus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The lining of the oviduct consists of a thin layer of mostly cuboidal epithelial cells about 25 - 40 microns throughout most ofthe length of this structure. The outer wall consists of a basal lamina and a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smoothmuscle cells arranged circumferentially around the duct. In feeding ticks, the epithelial lining expands as a result of celldivisions and becomes several layers thick. default_namespace TADS:0000418 Fig. 16-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oviduct epithelial lining TADS:0000418 The lining of the oviduct consists of a thin layer of mostly cuboidal epithelial cells about 25 - 40 microns throughout most ofthe length of this structure. The outer wall consists of a basal lamina and a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smoothmuscle cells arranged circumferentially around the duct. In feeding ticks, the epithelial lining expands as a result of celldivisions and becomes several layers thick. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The outer wall of the oviduct surrounds the epithelial layer. The outer wall consists of a thick basal lamina and a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smooth muscle cells arranged circumferentially around the duct. default_namespace TADS:0000419 Fig. 16-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oviduct outer wall TADS:0000419 The outer wall of the oviduct surrounds the epithelial layer. The outer wall consists of a thick basal lamina and a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smooth muscle cells arranged circumferentially around the duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, the oviducts expand into large thick bulbous structures near the point where the oviducts merge with theuterus. The walls of the ampullae are considerably thicker than the other regions of the oviduct. The function of the ampullae is unknown. Ampullae have not been reported to occur in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000420 Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oviduct ampulla TADS:0000420 In argasid ticks, the oviducts expand into large thick bulbous structures near the point where the oviducts merge with theuterus. The walls of the ampullae are considerably thicker than the other regions of the oviduct. The function of the ampullae is unknown. Ampullae have not been reported to occur in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The uterus is the region of the female reproductive track between the oviducts and the vagina. The uterus is much moreprominent in argasid ticks. In ixodid ticks, is a short tube between the oviducts and the distally located connecting tube. The lining of the uterus is similar to the oviducts. default_namespace TADS:0000421 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult uterus TADS:0000421 The uterus is the region of the female reproductive track between the oviducts and the vagina. The uterus is much moreprominent in argasid ticks. In ixodid ticks, is a short tube between the oviducts and the distally located connecting tube. The lining of the uterus is similar to the oviducts. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The lining of the uterus is formed of a thin layer of cuboidal cells similar to that of the oviducts. default_namespace TADS:0000422 adult uterus lining epithelium TADS:0000422 The lining of the uterus is formed of a thin layer of cuboidal cells similar to that of the oviducts. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The outer wall of the uterus resembles the structure of the outer wall of the oviducts, with a delicate basal lamina, connectivetissue fibers and occasional smooth muscle cells. default_namespace TADS:0000423 adult uterus outer wall TADS:0000423 The outer wall of the uterus resembles the structure of the outer wall of the oviducts, with a delicate basal lamina, connectivetissue fibers and occasional smooth muscle cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In ixodid ticks, the uterine connecting tube is a short, narrow duct that connects the uterus to the cervical vagina. The innerwall is lined with a thin layer of cuticle, 2 - 3 microns thick. The outer wall is comprised of thin layer of epithelial cellscovered by smooth muscle cells. default_namespace TADS:0000424 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-12, Fig. 16-14, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult uterine connecting tube TADS:0000424 In ixodid ticks, the uterine connecting tube is a short, narrow duct that connects the uterus to the cervical vagina. The innerwall is lined with a thin layer of cuticle, 2 - 3 microns thick. The outer wall is comprised of thin layer of epithelial cellscovered by smooth muscle cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin (2 - 3 microns thick) layer of cuticle that lines this structure. default_namespace TADS:0000425 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-14, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult uterine connecting tube cuticular lining TADS:0000425 The thin (2 - 3 microns thick) layer of cuticle that lines this structure. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of epithelial cells that forms part of the wall of the connecting tube. The cells are mostly squamous orcuboidal. These cells secrete the cuticular lining. default_namespace TADS:0000426 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-12, Fig. 16-13, Fig. 16-14, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult uterine connecting tube epithelial layer TADS:0000426 The thin layer of epithelial cells that forms part of the wall of the connecting tube. The cells are mostly squamous orcuboidal. These cells secrete the cuticular lining. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The layer of smooth muscle cells that surround the connecting tube. The muscle layer is approximately three or four cells thick. default_namespace TADS:0000427 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult uterine connecting tube muscle layer TADS:0000427 The layer of smooth muscle cells that surround the connecting tube. The muscle layer is approximately three or four cells thick. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cervical vagina is the thick muscular zone of the vagina. The cervical vagina is lined with a thick layer of highly foldedcuticle some 13 - 25 microns thick, a thick complex epithelium of cuboidal and tall columnar cells and, finally, an especially layerof smooth muscle. The cervical vagina opens into the vestibular vagina at its anterior end, the connecting tube at itspostero-ventral end and the seminal receptacle at its posterodorsal end. The cervical vagina serves as the organ responsible forexpelling the eggs from the reproductive tract, i.e., it functions as an ovipositor, during oviposition. default_namespace TADS:0000428 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult cervical vagina TADS:0000428 The cervical vagina is the thick muscular zone of the vagina. The cervical vagina is lined with a thick layer of highly foldedcuticle some 13 - 25 microns thick, a thick complex epithelium of cuboidal and tall columnar cells and, finally, an especially layerof smooth muscle. The cervical vagina opens into the vestibular vagina at its anterior end, the connecting tube at itspostero-ventral end and the seminal receptacle at its posterodorsal end. The cervical vagina serves as the organ responsible forexpelling the eggs from the reproductive tract, i.e., it functions as an ovipositor, during oviposition. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In ticks, the cervical vagina is lined with a relatively thick zone of highly folded, labyrinthine cuticle about 13 - 25 microns thick. default_namespace TADS:0000429 adult cervical vagina cuticular lining TADS:0000429 In ticks, the cervical vagina is lined with a relatively thick zone of highly folded, labyrinthine cuticle about 13 - 25 microns thick. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The epithelium of the cervical vagina is many cells thick, comprising both cuboidal and tall columnar cells that appear to behighly interdigitated with one another. default_namespace TADS:0000430 adult cervical vagina epithelial layer TADS:0000430 The epithelium of the cervical vagina is many cells thick, comprising both cuboidal and tall columnar cells that appear to behighly interdigitated with one another. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A thick band comprised of mutiple layers of smooth muscle cells that form the outer layer of the wall of the cervical vagina. The muscle mass here is thicker than in any other part of the female reproductive system, indicating its importance in expelling theeggs during oviposition. default_namespace TADS:0000431 adult cervical vagina muscle layer TADS:0000431 A thick band comprised of mutiple layers of smooth muscle cells that form the outer layer of the wall of the cervical vagina. The muscle mass here is thicker than in any other part of the female reproductive system, indicating its importance in expelling theeggs during oviposition. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cuboidal cells are one of the two most common types of cells that form the epithelial layer of the cervical vagina. These cellsinterdigitate with the tall columnar cells that are the second most common type. default_namespace TADS:0000432 adult cerviceal vagina epithelial cuboidal cell TADS:0000432 Cuboidal cells are one of the two most common types of cells that form the epithelial layer of the cervical vagina. These cellsinterdigitate with the tall columnar cells that are the second most common type. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The tall columnar cells are one of the most common types of cells that comprise the epithelium of this organ. These cellsinterdigitate with the cuboidal cells, the other most common type. Microvilli appear on the luminal boundaries of the proximal cells,i.e.,the cells adjacent to the cuticular lining. The basal plasma membrane of these cells is highly folded. default_namespace TADS:0000433 adult cervical vagina epithelial columnar cell TADS:0000433 The tall columnar cells are one of the most common types of cells that comprise the epithelium of this organ. These cellsinterdigitate with the cuboidal cells, the other most common type. Microvilli appear on the luminal boundaries of the proximal cells,i.e.,the cells adjacent to the cuticular lining. The basal plasma membrane of these cells is highly folded. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The large, folded sac-like organ lying just above (dorsal) the cervical vagina and the connecting tube. It is connected to theposterior end of the cervical vagina. default_namespace TADS:0000434 Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-15, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult seminal receptacle TADS:0000434 The large, folded sac-like organ lying just above (dorsal) the cervical vagina and the connecting tube. It is connected to theposterior end of the cervical vagina. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The narrow channel within the oviducts that will contain the ova as they migrate down the oviducts to the uterus. default_namespace TADS:0000435 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult oviduct lumen TADS:0000435 The narrow channel within the oviducts that will contain the ova as they migrate down the oviducts to the uterus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The internal cavity within the uterus where the ova are stored until ready to be discharged from the vagina. The uterine lumenis a large area in argasid ticks, but small in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000436 adult uterine lumen TADS:0000436 The internal cavity within the uterus where the ova are stored until ready to be discharged from the vagina. The uterine lumenis a large area in argasid ticks, but small in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the thin layer of cuticle, approximately 1 - 2 microns thick, that lines the inner sides of this organ. The innercuticular lining is contiguous with the cuticular lining of the cervical vagina. default_namespace TADS:0000437 Fig. 16-15, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult seminal receptacle cuticular lining TADS:0000437 This is the thin layer of cuticle, approximately 1 - 2 microns thick, that lines the inner sides of this organ. The innercuticular lining is contiguous with the cuticular lining of the cervical vagina. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The epithelium of the seminal receptacle is multi-layered with many large cuboidal cells containing huge nuclei, some as largeas 30 microns. These cells enlarge greatly after the female is inseminated and show ultrastructural features characteristics ofsecretory activity. The nature of the secretions is unknown. Other smaller cells also occur. default_namespace TADS:0000438 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-15, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult seminal receptacle epithelial lining TADS:0000438 The epithelium of the seminal receptacle is multi-layered with many large cuboidal cells containing huge nuclei, some as largeas 30 microns. These cells enlarge greatly after the female is inseminated and show ultrastructural features characteristics ofsecretory activity. The nature of the secretions is unknown. Other smaller cells also occur. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The central cavity of the seminal receptacle where the spermatozoa are stored following insemination by the male aftercopulation. Masses of spermatozoa emerge from the seminal receptacle cavity and migrate up the oviducts to fertilize the ova. default_namespace TADS:0000439 Fig. 16-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult seminal receptacle lumen TADS:0000439 The central cavity of the seminal receptacle where the spermatozoa are stored following insemination by the male aftercopulation. Masses of spermatozoa emerge from the seminal receptacle cavity and migrate up the oviducts to fertilize the ova. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The vaginal lumen is the cavity at the center of the organ. Fertilized eggs pass into the cervical vagina and are expelled bythe powerful constrictor muscles surrounding its wall. The lumen of the cervical vagina enlarges to allow egg passage. default_namespace TADS:0000440 adult cervical vagina lumen TADS:0000440 The vaginal lumen is the cavity at the center of the organ. Fertilized eggs pass into the cervical vagina and are expelled bythe powerful constrictor muscles surrounding its wall. The lumen of the cervical vagina enlarges to allow egg passage. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The vestibular vagina is the elongated, rounded tube that connects the muscular cervical vagina to the female genital pore. In ixodid ticks, it is approximately 320 - 360 microns long. It is somewhat shorter in argasid ticks. The vestibular vagina is lined with cuticle folded into trabeculae thereby forming a thick layer about 15 - 20 microns across. A thin layer of epithelial cellssurrounds the cuticular lining. In ixodid. Tthe vestibular vagina is surrounded by a multilobed glandular epithelium, the lobular accessory gland. This gland is absent in argasid ticks. A pair of tubular accessory glands are located at the junction ofthe vestibular vagina with the cervical vagina and empty into the vagina at this juncture. In ixodid ticks, the vestibular vaginaenlarges greatly during oviposition, the walls thin and stretch and the tube functions as a primitive ovipositor, assisting in propelling the egg from the vagina out through the genital pore. default_namespace TADS:0000441 Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-19, Fig. 16-20, Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult vestibular vagina TADS:0000441 The vestibular vagina is the elongated, rounded tube that connects the muscular cervical vagina to the female genital pore. In ixodid ticks, it is approximately 320 - 360 microns long. It is somewhat shorter in argasid ticks. The vestibular vagina is lined with cuticle folded into trabeculae thereby forming a thick layer about 15 - 20 microns across. A thin layer of epithelial cellssurrounds the cuticular lining. In ixodid. Tthe vestibular vagina is surrounded by a multilobed glandular epithelium, the lobular accessory gland. This gland is absent in argasid ticks. A pair of tubular accessory glands are located at the junction ofthe vestibular vagina with the cervical vagina and empty into the vagina at this juncture. In ixodid ticks, the vestibular vaginaenlarges greatly during oviposition, the walls thin and stretch and the tube functions as a primitive ovipositor, assisting in propelling the egg from the vagina out through the genital pore. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The vestibular vagina is lined with a thin layer of cuticle which is folded into deep folds about 15 - 20 microns thick termedtrabeculae. The trabeculae resemble the villi of the vertebrate intestine. These thick folds increae the surface area of thecuticular lining. default_namespace TADS:0000442 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult vestibular vagina cuticular lining TADS:0000442 The vestibular vagina is lined with a thin layer of cuticle which is folded into deep folds about 15 - 20 microns thick termedtrabeculae. The trabeculae resemble the villi of the vertebrate intestine. These thick folds increae the surface area of thecuticular lining. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The trabeculae constitute the thick folds of the cuticular lining resembling the villi of the human intestine. default_namespace TADS:0000443 adult vestibular vagina trabeculae TADS:0000443 The trabeculae constitute the thick folds of the cuticular lining resembling the villi of the human intestine. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the thin layer of epithelial cells that secretes the cuticular lining of the vestibular vagaina. default_namespace TADS:0000444 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult vestibular vagina epithelium TADS:0000444 This is the thin layer of epithelial cells that secretes the cuticular lining of the vestibular vagaina. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The vestibular sinus is the space between the vestibular vagina and the surrounding lobular accessory gland. default_namespace TADS:0000445 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult vestibular vagina vestibular sinus TADS:0000445 The vestibular sinus is the space between the vestibular vagina and the surrounding lobular accessory gland. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the cavity of the vestibular vagina. The lumen is a flattened space in the unfed or previtellogenic tick, some 10 - 20 microns in width and approximately 150 microns in length. It expands during the post-vitellogenic and ovipositional phases of tick reproductive activity. default_namespace TADS:0000446 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult vestibular vagina lumen TADS:0000446 This is the cavity of the vestibular vagina. The lumen is a flattened space in the unfed or previtellogenic tick, some 10 - 20 microns in width and approximately 150 microns in length. It expands during the post-vitellogenic and ovipositional phases of tick reproductive activity. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The tubular accessory glands (TAG) are a pair of glandular structures located at the junction of the cervical vagina with thevestibular vagina. They are present in both ixodid and argasid ticks. Each gland consists of a narrow neck-like section, resemblinga duct, and a broad,bulbous or vermiform glandular region that constitutes the major portion of the gland. default_namespace TAG TADS:0000447 Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-3, Fig. 16-16, Fig. 16-17, Fig. 16-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult female tubular accessory glands TADS:0000447 The tubular accessory glands (TAG) are a pair of glandular structures located at the junction of the cervical vagina with thevestibular vagina. They are present in both ixodid and argasid ticks. Each gland consists of a narrow neck-like section, resemblinga duct, and a broad,bulbous or vermiform glandular region that constitutes the major portion of the gland. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the narrow neck-like region of the gland that serves as the connecting duct between the bulbous glandular portion of the gland and the point where it joins the junction of the cervical and vestibular vagina. default_namespace TAG TADS:0000448 Fig. 16-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult TAG duct TADS:0000448 This is the narrow neck-like region of the gland that serves as the connecting duct between the bulbous glandular portion of the gland and the point where it joins the junction of the cervical and vestibular vagina. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 The duct zone of the tubular accessory gland (TAG) is lined with a very thin (0.3 microns) layer of cuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000449 adult TAG duct zone cuticular lining TADS:0000449 The duct zone of the tubular accessory gland (TAG) is lined with a very thin (0.3 microns) layer of cuticle. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 The epithelium of the tubular accessory gland duct zone consists of a thin, one cell thick layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. These cells secrete the cuticular lining. default_namespace TADS:0000450 adult TAG duct zone epithelium TADS:0000450 The epithelium of the tubular accessory gland duct zone consists of a thin, one cell thick layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. These cells secrete the cuticular lining. isbn:0-19-05910-7 The small, subcircular cavity of the duct zone that connects with the junction of the vestibular vagina and the cervical vagina. default_namespace TADS:0000451 adult TAG duct zone lumen TADS:0000451 The small, subcircular cavity of the duct zone that connects with the junction of the vestibular vagina and the cervical vagina. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 This is the broad, thick vermiform region of the gland filled with large glandular epithelial cells and their supporting cells. default_namespace TADS:0000452 Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult TAG glandular region TADS:0000452 This is the broad, thick vermiform region of the gland filled with large glandular epithelial cells and their supporting cells. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 This consists of several layers of large, cuboidal secretory cells and stellate (non-secretory) support cells. In feeding females, these cells multiply and expand greatly in size. The secretory cells are filled with masses of proteinaceous material at the apical ends of the cells. The apical cell surfaces have masses of microvilli that protrude into the lumen. A thin connective tissue layer with a few smooth muscle cells surrounds the epithelium and forms the outer wall of the TAG. default_namespace TADS:0000453 Fig. 16-17; Fig, 16-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult TAG glandular epithelium TADS:0000453 This consists of several layers of large, cuboidal secretory cells and stellate (non-secretory) support cells. In feeding females, these cells multiply and expand greatly in size. The secretory cells are filled with masses of proteinaceous material at the apical ends of the cells. The apical cell surfaces have masses of microvilli that protrude into the lumen. A thin connective tissue layer with a few smooth muscle cells surrounds the epithelium and forms the outer wall of the TAG. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 These are the cells that secrete masses of proteinaceous material into the TAG duct. The identity of the proteins that constitute these materials is unknown. default_namespace TADS:0000454 Fig. 16-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult TAG secretory cell TADS:0000454 These are the cells that secrete masses of proteinaceous material into the TAG duct. The identity of the proteins that constitute these materials is unknown. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 These cells are non-secretory cells that occur in the glandular portion of the TAG. Their role is unknown. default_namespace TADS:0000455 adult TAG stellate supporting cell TADS:0000455 These cells are non-secretory cells that occur in the glandular portion of the TAG. Their role is unknown. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 The outer wall of the glandular portion of the TAG is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue fibers and ocassional smoothmuscle cells. default_namespace TADS:0000456 adult TAG connective tissue wall TADS:0000456 The outer wall of the glandular portion of the TAG is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue fibers and ocassional smoothmuscle cells. ISBN:0-19-05910-7 The lobular accessory gland (LAG) is found only in ixodid ticks. The LAG surrounds the vestibular vagina, separated from it by a vestibular sinus (VS). The LAG consists of a bulblous three-lobed gland about 150 microns thick surrounding the vestibular vagina. Numerous ducts permeate the lobes of the gland and fuse with the VS. The secretory cells of the LAG are filled with lipids. Although the function of the LAG is unknown, it is believed to produce a lipid rich secretion that coats the eggs as they pass through the vestibular vagina during oviposition. default_namespace LAG TADS:0000457 Fig. 16 -1, Fig. 16-2, Fig. 16-19, Fig. 16-20, Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult lobular accessory gland TADS:0000457 The lobular accessory gland (LAG) is found only in ixodid ticks. The LAG surrounds the vestibular vagina, separated from it by a vestibular sinus (VS). The LAG consists of a bulblous three-lobed gland about 150 microns thick surrounding the vestibular vagina. Numerous ducts permeate the lobes of the gland and fuse with the VS. The secretory cells of the LAG are filled with lipids. Although the function of the LAG is unknown, it is believed to produce a lipid rich secretion that coats the eggs as they pass through the vestibular vagina during oviposition. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The secretory cells form the major portion of the LAG. Most are tall columnar epithelial cells. In feeding virgin females, thesecretory cells contain numerous mitochondria and extensive development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, features characteristic of secretory activity. However, no evidence of lipid droplets were reported, although this may be related to the timeof collection (i.e., perhaps this might have been found if samples were taken during oviposition). According to Lees and Beament (1948), these cells produce a lipid-rich secretion which coats the eggs as they pass along the vestibular vagina during oviposition, but this could not be confirmed in later studies. default_namespace TADS:0000458 Fig. 16-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult LAG secretory cell TADS:0000458 The secretory cells form the major portion of the LAG. Most are tall columnar epithelial cells. In feeding virgin females, thesecretory cells contain numerous mitochondria and extensive development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, features characteristic of secretory activity. However, no evidence of lipid droplets were reported, although this may be related to the timeof collection (i.e., perhaps this might have been found if samples were taken during oviposition). According to Lees and Beament (1948), these cells produce a lipid-rich secretion which coats the eggs as they pass along the vestibular vagina during oviposition, but this could not be confirmed in later studies. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Multiple ducts are found within the lobes of the LAG. These ducts lead from the lobular portion to the vestibular sinus surrounding the vestibular vagina and separating that organ from the LAG. default_namespace TADS:0000459 adult LAG lobular duct TADS:0000459 Multiple ducts are found within the lobes of the LAG. These ducts lead from the lobular portion to the vestibular sinus surrounding the vestibular vagina and separating that organ from the LAG. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This system consists of the paired, tubular testes, the paired, convoluted vasa deferentia, a single seminal vesicle, the ejaculatory duct, the massive, multi-lobed male accessory gland and the genital pore. The system is similar in both ixodid andargasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000460 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male reproductive system TADS:0000460 This system consists of the paired, tubular testes, the paired, convoluted vasa deferentia, a single seminal vesicle, the ejaculatory duct, the massive, multi-lobed male accessory gland and the genital pore. The system is similar in both ixodid andargasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Most ticks have a pair of elongated, tubular testes connected near the midline of the body by a thin isthmus. Each testis is a tubular organ comprised of layers of germinal cells surrounded by a thin connective tissue membrane and occasional smooth muscle cells. Interstitial cells occur primarily along the luminal border, according to Raikhel (1983). Spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes are grouped into clusters termed spermatocysts. Each cluster contains 32 - 64 secondary spermatogonia or spermatocytes, depending upon their position in the testis, and surrounded by a narrow lumen.The testes enlarge greatly during feeding. default_namespace TADS:0000461 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-2, Fig. 17-3, Fig. 17-5, Fig. 17-6, Fig. 17-7, Fig. 17-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult testis TADS:0000461 Most ticks have a pair of elongated, tubular testes connected near the midline of the body by a thin isthmus. Each testis is a tubular organ comprised of layers of germinal cells surrounded by a thin connective tissue membrane and occasional smooth muscle cells. Interstitial cells occur primarily along the luminal border, according to Raikhel (1983). Spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes are grouped into clusters termed spermatocysts. Each cluster contains 32 - 64 secondary spermatogonia or spermatocytes, depending upon their position in the testis, and surrounded by a narrow lumen.The testes enlarge greatly during feeding. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The small number of setae, typically two pairs, located on the ventral surface of the basis capituli just posterior to the origin of the hypostome. default_namespace TADS:0000462 Fig. 7-12, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult posthypostomal seta TADS:0000462 The small number of setae, typically two pairs, located on the ventral surface of the basis capituli just posterior to the origin of the hypostome. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The auriculae are a pair of spines that project posteriorly from the ventral surface of the basis capituli. One auricula occurson each postero-lateral surface. Differences in the length and shape of the auriculae are useful taxonomic characters fordistinguishing species. default_namespace TADS:0000463 adult capitular auricula TADS:0000463 The auriculae are a pair of spines that project posteriorly from the ventral surface of the basis capituli. One auricula occurson each postero-lateral surface. Differences in the length and shape of the auriculae are useful taxonomic characters fordistinguishing species. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A small posteriorly projecting spine located on the posterolateral edge of palpal article I of each palp. default_namespace TADS:0000464 adult palpal posterior spur TADS:0000464 A small posteriorly projecting spine located on the posterolateral edge of palpal article I of each palp. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The folds located on the ventrolateral margins on each side of the basis capituli. default_namespace TADS:0000465 adult capitular constriction TADS:0000465 The folds located on the ventrolateral margins on each side of the basis capituli. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The deep fold located on the ventral surface of the basis capituli that extends horizontally across this structure. default_namespace TADS:0000466 Fig. 4-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult transverse sutural line TADS:0000466 The deep fold located on the ventral surface of the basis capituli that extends horizontally across this structure. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cornuae are spines located at the posterolateral margins on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli. The shape and lengthof the cornuae are useful taxonomic characters for distinguishing secies. default_namespace TADS:0000467 adult cornua TADS:0000467 The cornuae are spines located at the posterolateral margins on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli. The shape and lengthof the cornuae are useful taxonomic characters for distinguishing secies. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Characteristic of ticks of the genus Argas. The line or groove at the lateral margin of t he body separating the doral andventral regions. Absent in other genera of Argasidae and Ixodidae. default_namespace TADS:0000468 Fig. 2-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult sutural line TADS:0000468 Characteristic of ticks of the genus Argas. The line or groove at the lateral margin of t he body separating the doral andventral regions. Absent in other genera of Argasidae and Ixodidae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tiny flat, shiny folds on the surface of the integument in ticks of the genus Antricola, giving it the appearance of a tuberculated cuticle. Not present in other genera of argasid ticks or in Ixodidae. default_namespace Adult granulations TADS:0000469 Fig. 2-28, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tubercle TADS:0000469 Tiny flat, shiny folds on the surface of the integument in ticks of the genus Antricola, giving it the appearance of a tuberculated cuticle. Not present in other genera of argasid ticks or in Ixodidae. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The smooth, shinny region on the dorsal surface resembling the scutum. default_namespace TADS:0000470 Fig. 2-32, Fig. 2-35, Fig. 2-36, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult body pseudoscutum TADS:0000470 The smooth, shinny region on the dorsal surface resembling the scutum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Ball and socket joints are a unique feature of the legs of Nuttalliella namaqua, the only species of the family Nuttalliellidae. This feature has not been reported in other acarines and may be unique for the entire subclass. default_namespace TADS:0000471 Fig. 2-36, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult leg ball and socket joint TADS:0000471 Ball and socket joints are a unique feature of the legs of Nuttalliella namaqua, the only species of the family Nuttalliellidae. This feature has not been reported in other acarines and may be unique for the entire subclass. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, a narrow cone-shaped anterior extension of the body as seen from the dorsal surface. default_namespace TADS:0000472 Fig. 2-21, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior projection TADS:0000472 In argasid ticks, a narrow cone-shaped anterior extension of the body as seen from the dorsal surface. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The arrangement of the denticles (= teeth) on the hypostome in longitudinal files, e.g., two rows on either side of thehypostomal groove = 2/2 dentition, three rows = 3/3 dentition, etc. default_namespace TADS:0000473 Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-13, Fig. 4-14, Fig. 4-16, Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hypostomal dentition TADS:0000473 The arrangement of the denticles (= teeth) on the hypostome in longitudinal files, e.g., two rows on either side of thehypostomal groove = 2/2 dentition, three rows = 3/3 dentition, etc. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are small ridges or slightly recurved projections instead of teeth or true denticles on the hypostome, usually innon-feeding males. Crenulations may also occur beyond the denticulate zone in some species where the hypostome also bears prominentdenticles. default_namespace TADS:0000474 Fig. 4-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult hypostome crenulation TADS:0000474 These are small ridges or slightly recurved projections instead of teeth or true denticles on the hypostome, usually innon-feeding males. Crenulations may also occur beyond the denticulate zone in some species where the hypostome also bears prominentdenticles. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Dorsal humps are prominent elevations on the dorsal surface of the tarsus in many species of argasid ticks. Dorsal humps occasionally occur on other leg segments. default_namespace TADS:0000475 adult tarsus dorsal hump TADS:0000475 Dorsal humps are prominent elevations on the dorsal surface of the tarsus in many species of argasid ticks. Dorsal humps occasionally occur on other leg segments. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are pits that occur on the surface of sclerotized plates, primarily on the scutum. default_namespace TADS:0000476 Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2, Fig. 4-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult punctation TADS:0000476 These are pits that occur on the surface of sclerotized plates, primarily on the scutum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are germinal cells that differentiate into spermatogonia. default_namespace TADS:0000477 adult interstitial cell TADS:0000477 These are germinal cells that differentiate into spermatogonia. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are clusters of spermatogonia along with primary and secondary spermatocytes surrounded by a thin-walled epithelium. Each spermatocyst contains from 32 - 62 cells. Near the anterior ends of the testes, elongated spermatids (prospermia) may also populate these structures. default_namespace TADS:0000478 Fig. 17-2, Fig. 17-5, Fig. 17-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult spermatocyst TADS:0000478 These are clusters of spermatogonia along with primary and secondary spermatocytes surrounded by a thin-walled epithelium. Each spermatocyst contains from 32 - 62 cells. Near the anterior ends of the testes, elongated spermatids (prospermia) may also populate these structures. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of epithelial cells that encloses the masses of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. default_namespace TADS:0000479 adult spermatocyst epithelium TADS:0000479 The thin layer of epithelial cells that encloses the masses of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are the cells that represent the earliest stage in the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia are diploid cells that are committed to become spermatocytes and, eventually, fully developed spermatozoa. default_namespace TADS:0000480 adult spermatogonia TADS:0000480 These are the cells that represent the earliest stage in the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia are diploid cells that are committed to become spermatocytes and, eventually, fully developed spermatozoa. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The outer wall of the testis consists of a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smooth muscle cells. default_namespace TADS:0000481 adult testis outer wall TADS:0000481 The outer wall of the testis consists of a thin connective tissue membrane with occasional smooth muscle cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the narrow central cavity of the tubular testis. default_namespace TADS:0000482 Fig. 17-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult testis lumen TADS:0000482 This is the narrow central cavity of the tubular testis. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The isthmus is a thin band of epithelial cells that connects the paired testes. It is located in the midline of the posteriorregion of the body between the two testes. default_namespace TADS:0000483 adult isthmus TADS:0000483 The isthmus is a thin band of epithelial cells that connects the paired testes. It is located in the midline of the posteriorregion of the body between the two testes. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The peritrophic membrane is an amorphous, proteinaceous membrane that appears several days after the commencement of feeding. It has been conclusively demonstrated in Ixodes scapularis and is assumed to occur in most, if not all species of ticks. This membrane forms a barrier between the delicate epithelial lining of the midgut and the lumen, making it difficult for invasive microbes to penetrate the midgut. default_namespace TADS:0000484 Vol. 2. Fig. 26-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult peritrophic membrane TADS:0000484 The peritrophic membrane is an amorphous, proteinaceous membrane that appears several days after the commencement of feeding. It has been conclusively demonstrated in Ixodes scapularis and is assumed to occur in most, if not all species of ticks. This membrane forms a barrier between the delicate epithelial lining of the midgut and the lumen, making it difficult for invasive microbes to penetrate the midgut. ISBN:0-19-508431-4 These are the elongated spermatids that have undergone reduction division. These extremely elongated, haploid spermatids arenot capacitated, i.e., they are not yet capable of fertilizing the oocytes. In this form they migrate to the ejaculatory duct andinto the developing spermatophore whereupon they are transported to the vagina of the female. Capacitation of the inseminated prospermia takes place in the reproductive tract of the female. default_namespace Elongated spermatid Secondary spermatocyte TADS:0000485 Fig. 17-13;Fig. 17-14, Fig. 17-15, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult prospermia TADS:0000485 These are the elongated spermatids that have undergone reduction division. These extremely elongated, haploid spermatids arenot capacitated, i.e., they are not yet capable of fertilizing the oocytes. In this form they migrate to the ejaculatory duct andinto the developing spermatophore whereupon they are transported to the vagina of the female. Capacitation of the inseminated prospermia takes place in the reproductive tract of the female. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The paired vasa deferentia are a paired of coiled, twisted tubules that extend from the anterior (proximal) end of each testis to the seminal vesicle. The vasa deferentia connect the testes to the single seminal vesicle. default_namespace TADS:0000486 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult vasa deferentia TADS:0000486 The paired vasa deferentia are a paired of coiled, twisted tubules that extend from the anterior (proximal) end of each testis to the seminal vesicle. The vasa deferentia connect the testes to the single seminal vesicle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The lining epithelium consists of a thin layer of squamous epithelial cells when the duct is empty of sperm cells, or thicker,cuboidal cells when the duct is filled with sperm. default_namespace TADS:0000487 adult lining epithelium of the vas deferens TADS:0000487 The lining epithelium consists of a thin layer of squamous epithelial cells when the duct is empty of sperm cells, or thicker,cuboidal cells when the duct is filled with sperm. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the narrow central cavity of the tubular vas deferens. default_namespace TADS:0000488 adult vas deferens lumen TADS:0000488 This is the narrow central cavity of the tubular vas deferens. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The common cuticle-lined duct formed by the union of the paired vasa deferentia tgat leads from those organs to the male genital aperture. default_namespace TADS:0000489 Fig. 9-3, Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ejaculatory duct TADS:0000489 The common cuticle-lined duct formed by the union of the paired vasa deferentia tgat leads from those organs to the male genital aperture. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of cuboidal cells that forms the wall of the duct. Occasional smooth muscle cells surroud the duct but do notform a muscle layer. default_namespace TADS:0000490 adult ejaculatory duct lining epithelium TADS:0000490 The thin layer of cuboidal cells that forms the wall of the duct. Occasional smooth muscle cells surroud the duct but do notform a muscle layer. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A thin, folded layer of cuticle several microns thick that lines the inner surface of the ejaculatory duct. default_namespace TADS:0000491 Fig. 9-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ejaculatory duct cuticular lining TADS:0000491 A thin, folded layer of cuticle several microns thick that lines the inner surface of the ejaculatory duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The narrow internal cavity of the ejaculatory duct. default_namespace TADS:0000492 Fig. 9-3, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ejaculatory duct lumen TADS:0000492 The narrow internal cavity of the ejaculatory duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The rectum is lined with a relatively thick layer of cuticle. default_namespace TADS:0000493 adult rectum cuticular lining TADS:0000493 The rectum is lined with a relatively thick layer of cuticle. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin band of cuticle that forms the inner most lining of the esophagus. default_namespace TADS:0000494 adult esophagus cuticle lining TADS:0000494 The thin band of cuticle that forms the inner most lining of the esophagus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The narrow internal cavity of this simple duct. default_namespace TADS:0000495 adult intestinal lumen TADS:0000495 The narrow internal cavity of this simple duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The internal cavity of the rectal sac. The lumen is usually found filled with masses iridescent or white-appearing spheroidal guanine crytstals. During or soon after feeding, the lumen will also be filled with black-colored hematin wastes or, less often, with red-colored wastes due to undigested hemoglobin. default_namespace TADS:0000496 adult rectal sac lumen TADS:0000496 The internal cavity of the rectal sac. The lumen is usually found filled with masses iridescent or white-appearing spheroidal guanine crytstals. During or soon after feeding, the lumen will also be filled with black-colored hematin wastes or, less often, with red-colored wastes due to undigested hemoglobin. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the narrow internal cavity of this short duct. default_namespace TADS:0000497 adult rectal lumen TADS:0000497 This is the narrow internal cavity of this short duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The anal aperture is the opening between the valves. Wastes from the rectum passes out of the body via the anal aperture. default_namespace TADS:0000498 adult anal aperture TADS:0000498 The anal aperture is the opening between the valves. Wastes from the rectum passes out of the body via the anal aperture. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of cuticle that separates the epithelium of the pharyngeal wall from the lumen. default_namespace TADS:0000499 adult pharynx cuticular lining TADS:0000499 The thin layer of cuticle that separates the epithelium of the pharyngeal wall from the lumen. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of squamous cells that secretes the cuticular lining of the pharynx. The epithelium is surrounded by circularmuscle cells, so that it is virtually unnoticed due to the more prominent musculature. default_namespace TADS:0000500 adult pharyngeal wall epithelium TADS:0000500 The thin layer of squamous cells that secretes the cuticular lining of the pharynx. The epithelium is surrounded by circularmuscle cells, so that it is virtually unnoticed due to the more prominent musculature. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The very large, multilobed gland in the center of the body, with connections to the vasa deferentia and the seminal vesicle. The male accessory gland is responsible for the production of the seminal fluid and formation of the spermatophore (For histology of the gland, see Figures 17.9 and 17.10, Biology of Ticks, 0-19-505910-7). default_namespace TADS:0000501 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-2, Fig. 17-3, Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male accessory gland TADS:0000501 The very large, multilobed gland in the center of the body, with connections to the vasa deferentia and the seminal vesicle. The male accessory gland is responsible for the production of the seminal fluid and formation of the spermatophore (For histology of the gland, see Figures 17.9 and 17.10, Biology of Ticks, 0-19-505910-7). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The unpaired ventral granular lobe is the largest lobe of the male accessory gland in both ixodid and argasid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000502 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-2, Fig. 17-3, Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male ventral granular lobe TADS:0000502 The unpaired ventral granular lobe is the largest lobe of the male accessory gland in both ixodid and argasid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is a large, unpaired lobe on the dorsal side of the male accessory gland. This is the second largest lobe, second only tothe ventral granular lobe. The dorsal granular lobe is found in both argasid and ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000503 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-2, Fig. 17-3, Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male dorsal granular lobe TADS:0000503 This is a large, unpaired lobe on the dorsal side of the male accessory gland. This is the second largest lobe, second only tothe ventral granular lobe. The dorsal granular lobe is found in both argasid and ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of small lobular projections from the antero-dorsal region of the dorsal granular lobe of the male accessory gland inixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000504 Fig. 17-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male antero-dorsal lobe TADS:0000504 A pair of small lobular projections from the antero-dorsal region of the dorsal granular lobe of the male accessory gland inixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is a pair of elongated, lateral projections that extend from the lateral margins of the dorsal granular lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000505 Fig. 17-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male lateral dorsal lobe TADS:0000505 This is a pair of elongated, lateral projections that extend from the lateral margins of the dorsal granular lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The pair of small projections that extend from the dorso-lateral margins of the dorsal lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000506 Fig. 17-1; Biology of Ticks Vol. 1. 0-19-505910-7. adult male postero-dorsal lobe TADS:0000506 The pair of small projections that extend from the dorso-lateral margins of the dorsal lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of elongated, tube-like projections that extend from the main body of the male accessory gland of ixodid ticks and project posteriorly. default_namespace TADS:0000507 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-3, Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male postero-lateral lobe TADS:0000507 A pair of elongated, tube-like projections that extend from the main body of the male accessory gland of ixodid ticks and project posteriorly. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of elongated, tube-like extensions of the ventral granular lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000508 Fig. 17-1, Fig. 17-3, Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male postero-ventral lobe. TADS:0000508 A pair of elongated, tube-like extensions of the ventral granular lobe of the male accessory gland in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cell type in the lobes of the male accessory gland that primarily contain electron dense granules. default_namespace TADS:0000509 Fig. 17-9, Fig. 17-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male accessory gland dense granule cell TADS:0000509 The cell type in the lobes of the male accessory gland that primarily contain electron dense granules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These cells occur in the granular lobes. They contain 1) large granules, known as complex granules because they are filled withnumerous fine particles, often dispersed in a reticulate pattern AND 2) in addition, electron dense homogeneous granules. The latterare probably lipid-filled granules. default_namespace TADS:0000510 Fig. 17-9, Fig. 17-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male accessory gland mixed granule cell TADS:0000510 These cells occur in the granular lobes. They contain 1) large granules, known as complex granules because they are filled withnumerous fine particles, often dispersed in a reticulate pattern AND 2) in addition, electron dense homogeneous granules. The latterare probably lipid-filled granules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The epithelial covering of the lobes of the male accessory gland is comprised of large cuboidal and tall columnar cells. In feeding or fed males, cells from the epithelial covering proliferate, become large cuboidal or tall columnar cells that fill with masses of simple and or simple and complex granules. default_namespace TADS:0000511 adult male accessory gland epithelial wall TADS:0000511 The epithelial covering of the lobes of the male accessory gland is comprised of large cuboidal and tall columnar cells. In feeding or fed males, cells from the epithelial covering proliferate, become large cuboidal or tall columnar cells that fill with masses of simple and or simple and complex granules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The spongy lobe of the male accessory gland is the only lobe that lacks granule-filled cells. default_namespace TADS:0000512 Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male spongy lobe TADS:0000512 The spongy lobe of the male accessory gland is the only lobe that lacks granule-filled cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In some species of argasid ticks (e.g., Ornithodoros kelleyi), the uterus is very large and bifurcated into a pair of posteriorly-directed horns, the uterine horns. Uterine horns are absent in ixodid ticks and the uterus is generally quite small. default_namespace TADS:0000513 adult uterine horns TADS:0000513 In some species of argasid ticks (e.g., Ornithodoros kelleyi), the uterus is very large and bifurcated into a pair of posteriorly-directed horns, the uterine horns. Uterine horns are absent in ixodid ticks and the uterus is generally quite small. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These cells appear in late stage nymphs of argasid ticks and during nymphal development (following feeding) in ixodid ticks. Primary spermatocytes undergo the great growth phase in Prostriate and argasid ticks without the need for feeding. They transform into prospermia (spermatids) which have undergone reduction division. default_namespace TADS:0000514 Fig. 17-17, Fig. 17-18, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult primary spermatocyte TADS:0000514 These cells appear in late stage nymphs of argasid ticks and during nymphal development (following feeding) in ixodid ticks. Primary spermatocytes undergo the great growth phase in Prostriate and argasid ticks without the need for feeding. They transform into prospermia (spermatids) which have undergone reduction division. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The sclerotized flap or plate that covers the genital aperture in the adult male. This flap opens to allow the spermatophore toemerge. Not to be confused with the pre-genital plate that occurs in the males of many prostriate ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000515 Fig. 4-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male genital plate TADS:0000515 The sclerotized flap or plate that covers the genital aperture in the adult male. This flap opens to allow the spermatophore toemerge. Not to be confused with the pre-genital plate that occurs in the males of many prostriate ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The spermatophore is not a permament part of the male anatomy. Rather it is formed externally from soluble proteins, lipids and other materials in a viscous droplet ejaculated by the male during copulation. These materials coagulate into the ectospermatophore that momentarily encloses the male genital aperture. This is followed quickly by masses of elongated prospermia and seminal fluids that flow into the ectospermatophore, causing it to balloon and turn opaque. Next, a second viscous droplet is introduced which forms the bilobed endospermatophore. This also seals the spermatophore. A single endospermatophore occurs in ixodid ticks, but two endospermatophores commonly occur in argasid ticks. When completed, the entire spermatophore is seized by the male's chelicerae as itemerges from the male genital aperture. Then, using its chelicerae, the male transfers the spermatophore to the female's genital aperture and implants it into the vestibular vagina. Saliva is secreted to lubricate the female's genital area to facilitate the process. Meanwhile, CO2 generated within the spermatophore creates sufficient pressure to force the masses of elongated prospermia and semen into the endospermatophore (s), which everts, expands and passes out the external spermatophore and into the female's genital tract. The ectospermatophore remains as an empty sac on the external surface of the female, where it soons dries, shrivels and falls off. default_namespace TADS:0000516 Fig. 17-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male spermatophore TADS:0000516 The spermatophore is not a permament part of the male anatomy. Rather it is formed externally from soluble proteins, lipids and other materials in a viscous droplet ejaculated by the male during copulation. These materials coagulate into the ectospermatophore that momentarily encloses the male genital aperture. This is followed quickly by masses of elongated prospermia and seminal fluids that flow into the ectospermatophore, causing it to balloon and turn opaque. Next, a second viscous droplet is introduced which forms the bilobed endospermatophore. This also seals the spermatophore. A single endospermatophore occurs in ixodid ticks, but two endospermatophores commonly occur in argasid ticks. When completed, the entire spermatophore is seized by the male's chelicerae as itemerges from the male genital aperture. Then, using its chelicerae, the male transfers the spermatophore to the female's genital aperture and implants it into the vestibular vagina. Saliva is secreted to lubricate the female's genital area to facilitate the process. Meanwhile, CO2 generated within the spermatophore creates sufficient pressure to force the masses of elongated prospermia and semen into the endospermatophore (s), which everts, expands and passes out the external spermatophore and into the female's genital tract. The ectospermatophore remains as an empty sac on the external surface of the female, where it soons dries, shrivels and falls off. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the temporary external sac of the spermatophore. It does not enter the female genital tract but, rather, shrivels and falls away after copulation. default_namespace TADS:0000517 adult male ectospermatophore TADS:0000517 This is the temporary external sac of the spermatophore. It does not enter the female genital tract but, rather, shrivels and falls away after copulation. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The temporary proteinaceous sacs that will carry the masses of greatly elongated prospermia into the female's genital tract. Initially contained within the spermatophore, the single (Ixodidae) or pair (Argasidae) of endospermatophores will pass into the female. default_namespace TADS:0000518 Fig. 17-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male endospermatophore TADS:0000518 The temporary proteinaceous sacs that will carry the masses of greatly elongated prospermia into the female's genital tract. Initially contained within the spermatophore, the single (Ixodidae) or pair (Argasidae) of endospermatophores will pass into the female. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The wall of the esophagus is a thin layer of squamous and cuboidal epithelial cells. default_namespace TADS:0000519 Fig. 14-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult esophageal epithelial wall TADS:0000519 The wall of the esophagus is a thin layer of squamous and cuboidal epithelial cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of glands situated on either side of the Gene's organ in ixodid ticks. Each gland consists of a single acinus comprising 8 - 12 cells. Each cell is connected via an individual duct to pores on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli. Each cell isconnected to a cuticular pore by a duct cell. The secretions of the accessory gland cells are incorporated into the egg wax during oviposition (From Tissue and Cell, 1984, 16: 589 - 599). default_namespace TADS:0000520 adult Gene's organ accessory gland TADS:0000520 A pair of glands situated on either side of the Gene's organ in ixodid ticks. Each gland consists of a single acinus comprising 8 - 12 cells. Each cell is connected via an individual duct to pores on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli. Each cell isconnected to a cuticular pore by a duct cell. The secretions of the accessory gland cells are incorporated into the egg wax during oviposition (From Tissue and Cell, 1984, 16: 589 - 599). ISSN:0040-8166. The secretory cells that comprise the accessory glands. These gland cells contain striking quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi dictyosomes and appear to secrete lipids onto the cuticular surface. These lipids become incorporated into the egg wax. default_namespace TADS:0000521 adult Gene's organ accessory gland cell TADS:0000521 The secretory cells that comprise the accessory glands. These gland cells contain striking quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi dictyosomes and appear to secrete lipids onto the cuticular surface. These lipids become incorporated into the egg wax. ISSN:0040-8166 The pores on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli through the secretions of the acinar cells are passed to the external surface (Tissue and Cell 1984, 16: 589 - 599). default_namespace TADS:0000522 adult Gene's organ accessory gland pore TADS:0000522 The pores on the dorsal surface of the basis capituli through the secretions of the acinar cells are passed to the external surface (Tissue and Cell 1984, 16: 589 - 599). ISSN:0040-8166 These are cells that connect the acinar cells of the gland to the cuticular ducts through which the cell secretions are passed to the exterior (Tissue and Cell 1984, 16: 589 - 599). default_namespace TADS:0000523 adult Gene's organ accessory gland duct cell TADS:0000523 These are cells that connect the acinar cells of the gland to the cuticular ducts through which the cell secretions are passed to the exterior (Tissue and Cell 1984, 16: 589 - 599). ISSN:0040-8166 Small glands found below the spiracular plate in ixodid ticks. These secrete waxy secretions to the exterior by way of pores in the spiracular goblets. See Walker et al. (1996) Integumental glands of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) as potential producers of semiochemicals. J. Med. Entomol. 33: 749 - 759. default_namespace TADS:0000524 adult spiracular gland TADS:0000524 Small glands found below the spiracular plate in ixodid ticks. These secrete waxy secretions to the exterior by way of pores in the spiracular goblets. See Walker et al. (1996) Integumental glands of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) as potential producers of semiochemicals. J. Med. Entomol. 33: 749 - 759. ISSN:0022-2585 The tiny openings in the spiracular goblets through which the secretions from the spiracular glands pass to the exterior. See Walker et al (1996) Journal of Medical Entomology 33: 743 - 759. default_namespace TADS:0000525 adult spiracular gland pore TADS:0000525 The tiny openings in the spiracular goblets through which the secretions from the spiracular glands pass to the exterior. See Walker et al (1996) Journal of Medical Entomology 33: 743 - 759. ISSN:0022-2585 This is the main cavity that fills with water and salts extracted from the hemolymph. These materials are passed to the coxaltubules for further processing and reabsorption of needed compounds. default_namespace TADS:0000526 adult coxal gland lumen TADS:0000526 This is the main cavity that fills with water and salts extracted from the hemolymph. These materials are passed to the coxaltubules for further processing and reabsorption of needed compounds. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, the first of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the maleaccessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000527 Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male postero-lateral granular lobe 1 TADS:0000527 In argasid ticks, the first of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the maleaccessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, the second of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the male accessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000528 Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male postero-lateral granular lobe 2 TADS:0000528 In argasid ticks, the second of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the male accessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In argasid ticks, the third of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the maleaccessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000529 Fig. 17-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult male postero-lateral granular lobe 3 TADS:0000529 In argasid ticks, the third of three lobes that extend from the posterolateral end of the ventral granular lobe of the maleaccessory gland. Absent in ixodid ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the cavity through which ingested blood flows to the midgut. default_namespace TADS:0000530 Fig. 14-8, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult esophageal lumen TADS:0000530 This is the cavity through which ingested blood flows to the midgut. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In ixodid ticks, a delicate membrane covers the preoral canal and separates it from the salivarium. This membrane is absent inargasid ticks where it is replaced by the hollow labrum. default_namespace TADS:0000531 Fig. 7-5, Fig. 7-6, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult preoral canal membrane TADS:0000531 In ixodid ticks, a delicate membrane covers the preoral canal and separates it from the salivarium. This membrane is absent inargasid ticks where it is replaced by the hollow labrum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Posteriorly project spines that occur on one or more of the four pairs of coxae. The number, length and shape of the coxalspines are useful characters for taxonomic classification of the species. default_namespace TADS:0000532 adult coxal spine TADS:0000532 Posteriorly project spines that occur on one or more of the four pairs of coxae. The number, length and shape of the coxalspines are useful characters for taxonomic classification of the species. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Narrow bifurcated duct that connects the acinus with the intralobular ducts. The acinar duct is surrounded by non-granular neckcells (=peritubular cells). At the center of the acinus is a small, narrow channel (lumen) communicating with the acinar duct. Evidently, the secretions from the granular cells pass initially into this narrow channel, then into the acinar duct for their passageout of the acinus into the intralobular duct and exit from the salivary glands. default_namespace TADS:0000533 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland acinar duct TADS:0000533 Narrow bifurcated duct that connects the acinus with the intralobular ducts. The acinar duct is surrounded by non-granular neckcells (=peritubular cells). At the center of the acinus is a small, narrow channel (lumen) communicating with the acinar duct. Evidently, the secretions from the granular cells pass initially into this narrow channel, then into the acinar duct for their passageout of the acinus into the intralobular duct and exit from the salivary glands. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin layer of cuticule that forms the inner lining of this duct. default_namespace TADS:0000534 adult salivary gland acinar duct lining. TADS:0000534 The thin layer of cuticule that forms the inner lining of this duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The narrow channel of this duct that leads into the intralobular duct lumen. default_namespace TADS:0000535 adult salivary gland acinar duct lumen TADS:0000535 The narrow channel of this duct that leads into the intralobular duct lumen. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The layer of squamous epithelial cells that forms the outer wall of the duct and secretes the cuticular lining. default_namespace TADS:0000536 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland lobular duct epithelium TADS:0000536 The layer of squamous epithelial cells that forms the outer wall of the duct and secretes the cuticular lining. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The relatively thick layer of cuticle lining the inner surface of the lobular duct. default_namespace TADS:0000537 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland lobular duct cuticular lining. TADS:0000537 The relatively thick layer of cuticle lining the inner surface of the lobular duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cavity of the lobular duct. Salivary secretions accumulate in the lumen of these ducts and pass into the main salivary ductfor exit to the salivarium. default_namespace TADS:0000538 Fig. 8-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland lobular duct lumen TADS:0000538 The cavity of the lobular duct. Salivary secretions accumulate in the lumen of these ducts and pass into the main salivary ductfor exit to the salivarium. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A pair of small cells that surround the acinar duct. The constrictor cells control the outflow of secretions from the acinus into the main salivary duct. Constrictor cells are found only in type I (agranular) acini. However, it is possible that theperitubular cells (neck cells) in the granular acini perform a similar role. default_namespace TADS:0000539 Fig. 8-5, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult salivary gland type I acinus constrictor cell TADS:0000539 A pair of small cells that surround the acinar duct. The constrictor cells control the outflow of secretions from the acinus into the main salivary duct. Constrictor cells are found only in type I (agranular) acini. However, it is possible that theperitubular cells (neck cells) in the granular acini perform a similar role. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The main salivary duct is lined with a relatively thick, banded cuticular layer resembling the taenidium of the tracheae. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct. default_namespace TADS:0000540 adult salivary duct cuticular lining TADS:0000540 The main salivary duct is lined with a relatively thick, banded cuticular layer resembling the taenidium of the tracheae. The type I agranular acini are connected directly to the main salivary duct. Intralobular ducts connect at various locations to the main duct, transporting the secretions of the granular acini into the main duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The layer of epithelial cells surrounding the cutiuclar lining, forming the outer part of the wall of the salivary duct. These cells secrete the cuticular lining of the duct. default_namespace TADS:0000541 adult salivary duct wall TADS:0000541 The layer of epithelial cells surrounding the cutiuclar lining, forming the outer part of the wall of the salivary duct. These cells secrete the cuticular lining of the duct. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cavity of the salivary duct. The lumina of the paired salivary ducts join to form the lumen of the salivarium. Salivary secretions from the acini of the salivary glands flow through the main salivary ducts into the salivarium and are expelled via thepreoral canal to the exterior. default_namespace TADS:0000542 adult salivary duct lumen TADS:0000542 The cavity of the salivary duct. The lumina of the paired salivary ducts join to form the lumen of the salivarium. Salivary secretions from the acini of the salivary glands flow through the main salivary ducts into the salivarium and are expelled via thepreoral canal to the exterior. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The wall of the aorta is lined with a thin layer of squamous epithelium surrounded by layers of smooth muscle cells. default_namespace TADS:0000543 adult aorta wall TADS:0000543 The wall of the aorta is lined with a thin layer of squamous epithelium surrounded by layers of smooth muscle cells. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cavity of the duct that conveys hemolymph anteriorly towards the periganglionic sinus. default_namespace TADS:0000544 adult aorta lumen TADS:0000544 The cavity of the duct that conveys hemolymph anteriorly towards the periganglionic sinus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the muscularized zone at the anteior end of the heart where the heart fuses with the aorta. default_namespace TADS:0000545 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult heart aortic myocardial cone TADS:0000545 This is the muscularized zone at the anteior end of the heart where the heart fuses with the aorta. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The thin membranous layer that surrounds the heart and encloses the pericardial sinus. The pericardial septum functions as a filtration membrane that filters the hemolymph before it enters the pericardial sinus. default_namespace TADS:0000546 Fig. 11-1, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pericardial septum TADS:0000546 The thin membranous layer that surrounds the heart and encloses the pericardial sinus. The pericardial septum functions as a filtration membrane that filters the hemolymph before it enters the pericardial sinus. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cavity of the heart containing filtered hemolymph that is circulated anteriorly and out into the aorta. default_namespace TADS:0000547 adult heart lumen TADS:0000547 The cavity of the heart containing filtered hemolymph that is circulated anteriorly and out into the aorta. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The fully mature capacitated (differentiated) sperm cells that are capable of migrating up the oviducts to the ovary and fertilizing the oocytes. Spermatozoa undergo capacitation within the endospermatophore within the body of the female (i.e., within the seminal receptacle. The fully mature spermatozoa may reach up to 1000 microns in some tick species . default_namespace TADS:0000548 Fig. 17-16, Fig. 17-18, Fig. 17-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult spermatozoa TADS:0000548 The fully mature capacitated (differentiated) sperm cells that are capable of migrating up the oviducts to the ovary and fertilizing the oocytes. Spermatozoa undergo capacitation within the endospermatophore within the body of the female (i.e., within the seminal receptacle. The fully mature spermatozoa may reach up to 1000 microns in some tick species . ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The adult sensory system consists of the variety of sensory ogans, or sensilla, the detect chemical compounds (e.g., odors, taste), contact with objects or surfaces, light or shadows, temperature and humidty changes. They are classified by structure or function, or a combination of the two. For the purposes of this anatomical ontology, they will be characterized primarily by structureand secondarily by function. Examples include the setiform olfactosensilla in the Haller's organ, setiform mechanosensilla all over the body, capitulum and legs, thigmotactic sensilla in the integument, or the photosensilla in the eye. Many of these sensory organs are multifunctional, e.g., combined mechanochemosensory sensilla. Many sensilla are dispersed all over the body, capitulum and legs. Others are clustered in specialized organs such as the Haller's organ on the foreleg tarsi or the sensory field on the tip of the terminal segment of the palps (palpal article IV). default_namespace TADS:0000549 Fig. 15-1, Fig. 15-2, Fig. 15-3, Fig. 15-4, Fig. 15-5, Fig. 15-6, Fig. 15-7, Fig. 15-8, Fig. 15-9;Fig. 15-10, Fig. 15-11, Fig. 15-12, Fig. 15-13, Fig. 15-14, Fig. 15-15, Fig. 15-16, Fig. 15-17, Fig. 15-18, Fig. 15-19, Fig. 15-20, Fig. 15-21, Fig. 15-22;Fig. 15-23, Fig. 15-24, Fig. 15-25, Fig. 15-26, Fig. 15-27, Fig. 15-28, Fig. 15-29, Fig. 15-20, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult sensory system TADS:0000549 The adult sensory system consists of the variety of sensory ogans, or sensilla, the detect chemical compounds (e.g., odors, taste), contact with objects or surfaces, light or shadows, temperature and humidty changes. They are classified by structure or function, or a combination of the two. For the purposes of this anatomical ontology, they will be characterized primarily by structureand secondarily by function. Examples include the setiform olfactosensilla in the Haller's organ, setiform mechanosensilla all over the body, capitulum and legs, thigmotactic sensilla in the integument, or the photosensilla in the eye. Many of these sensory organs are multifunctional, e.g., combined mechanochemosensory sensilla. Many sensilla are dispersed all over the body, capitulum and legs. Others are clustered in specialized organs such as the Haller's organ on the foreleg tarsi or the sensory field on the tip of the terminal segment of the palps (palpal article IV). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The hair-like body of the seta that extends from the setal socket in the cuticle. Often described as setiform sensilla, theshaft of the seta contains a fluid-filled cavity. The dendrite (s) of the adjacent sensory neuron (s) penetrate into the cavity of the shaft and may send minute branches to pores at the tip or along the margins. The shaft may have a solid cuticle (mechanosensory sensilla) or may have pores. default_namespace TADS:0000550 Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult setal shaft TADS:0000550 The hair-like body of the seta that extends from the setal socket in the cuticle. Often described as setiform sensilla, theshaft of the seta contains a fluid-filled cavity. The dendrite (s) of the adjacent sensory neuron (s) penetrate into the cavity of the shaft and may send minute branches to pores at the tip or along the margins. The shaft may have a solid cuticle (mechanosensory sensilla) or may have pores. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The photocreceptor neurons that detect light. These neurons are unusual, unipolar cells oriented in the dorso-ventral axis. Axons from these neurons join to form the optic nerve. default_namespace TADS:0000551 Fig. 15-30, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult retinal cell TADS:0000551 The photocreceptor neurons that detect light. These neurons are unusual, unipolar cells oriented in the dorso-ventral axis. Axons from these neurons join to form the optic nerve. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The layer of cells that surrounds and nourishes the retinal neurons in the eye. default_namespace TADS:0000552 Fig. 15-30, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult eye glial sheath TADS:0000552 The layer of cells that surrounds and nourishes the retinal neurons in the eye. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In Amblyomm americanum, the pore canals in the lens are organized into bundles and oriented in the dorso-ventral axis. The pore bundles are believed to act as light or wave guides since the pore canals become progressively smaller and converge towards the interior, which is likely to intensify the incoming light. default_namespace TADS:0000553 Fig. 15-30, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult lens lenticular pore canal TADS:0000553 In Amblyomm americanum, the pore canals in the lens are organized into bundles and oriented in the dorso-ventral axis. The pore bundles are believed to act as light or wave guides since the pore canals become progressively smaller and converge towards the interior, which is likely to intensify the incoming light. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The cavity of the malpighian tubules that contains numerous irridescent, spherical and subspherical guanine crystals of varying size. default_namespace TADS:0000554 Fig. 10-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult malpighian tubule lumen TADS:0000554 The cavity of the malpighian tubules that contains numerous irridescent, spherical and subspherical guanine crystals of varying size. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The peripheral nerve neurilemma is the amorphous, non-cellular layer that surrounds each nerve. The neurilemma extends into the body of the nerve to form mesaxons, an extension of the neurilemman that encloses individual axons or groups of axons within the body of the nerve. This is a unique feature of ticks. default_namespace TADS:0000555 Fig. 14-21, Fig. 14-22, Fig. 14-23. adult peripheral nerve neurilemma TADS:0000555 The peripheral nerve neurilemma is the amorphous, non-cellular layer that surrounds each nerve. The neurilemma extends into the body of the nerve to form mesaxons, an extension of the neurilemman that encloses individual axons or groups of axons within the body of the nerve. This is a unique feature of ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The atrial muscles insert on the dorsal and ventral walls of the atrial chamber. They serve to dilate the atrial chamber whenthey contract. default_namespace TADS:0000556 Fig. 12-4, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult atrial muscle TADS:0000556 The atrial muscles insert on the dorsal and ventral walls of the atrial chamber. They serve to dilate the atrial chamber whenthey contract. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Cavity surrounding the part of the esophagus that passes through the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000557 Fig. 14-16, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult periesophageal sinus TADS:0000557 Cavity surrounding the part of the esophagus that passes through the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The large tracheal trunk that anastomoses into numerous small tracheae that envelope and supply the synganglion and its associated structures. default_namespace TADS:0000558 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. Anterior tracheal trunk TADS:0000558 The large tracheal trunk that anastomoses into numerous small tracheae that envelope and supply the synganglion and its associated structures. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A neurosecretory tract (commissure) located in the dorsal region of the supraesophageal ganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000559 Fig. 14-16; 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult dorsal protocephalic neurosecretory tract TADS:0000559 A neurosecretory tract (commissure) located in the dorsal region of the supraesophageal ganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A rdige on the dorsal surface of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000560 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult periesophageal ridge/perineural association TADS:0000560 A rdige on the dorsal surface of the supraesophageal region of the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A major commissure connecting different regions of the supreesophageal region of the synganglion. default_namespace TADS:0000561 Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult ventral protocephalic neurosecretory tract TADS:0000561 A major commissure connecting different regions of the supreesophageal region of the synganglion. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This neurosecretory tract is formed by axons primarily from the stomodeal neurosecretory tract. default_namespace TADS:0000562 Fig. 14-16, Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult pharyngeal neurosecretory tract TADS:0000562 This neurosecretory tract is formed by axons primarily from the stomodeal neurosecretory tract. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A cluster a neuron cell bodies, presumably forming a neurosecretory center, adjacent to the ventral edge of the supraesophagealregion where the esophagus enters. Function unknown. default_namespace TADS:0000563 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult anterior perineurial association TADS:0000563 A cluster a neuron cell bodies, presumably forming a neurosecretory center, adjacent to the ventral edge of the supraesophagealregion where the esophagus enters. Function unknown. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 This is the chiasmatic neurosecretory pathway of pedal ganglion II (according to Wikipedia, a chiasma is a point where two or more nerves or nerve pathways cross). default_namespace TADS:0000564 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. Adutl synganglion pII chiasmatic NST TADS:0000564 This is the chiasmatic neurosecretory pathway of pedal ganglion II (according to Wikipedia, a chiasma is a point where two or more nerves or nerve pathways cross). ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The lateral neurosecretory tract (NST) extends between the supra- and sub-esophageal regions of the synganglion and connectsdifferent neurosecretory centers in both regions. default_namespace TADS:0000565 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion lateral neurosecretory tract TADS:0000565 The lateral neurosecretory tract (NST) extends between the supra- and sub-esophageal regions of the synganglion and connectsdifferent neurosecretory centers in both regions. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These neurosecretory tracts (NSTs) extend from the neurosecretory centers in the subesophageal region to the lateral-neurosecretory tract. default_namespace TADS:0000566 Fig. 14-17, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult synganglion ventro-medial neurosecretory tract TADS:0000566 These neurosecretory tracts (NSTs) extend from the neurosecretory centers in the subesophageal region to the lateral-neurosecretory tract. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 One of the two types of epithelial cells that develop after blood feeding when the malpighian tubules are metabolically active in processing excretory wastes into guanine crystals. These differentiated cells are most prominent in the proximal regions of the malphighian tubules. default_namespace TADS:0000567 Fig. 10-7, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult malpighian tubule pyramidal cell TADS:0000567 One of the two types of epithelial cells that develop after blood feeding when the malpighian tubules are metabolically active in processing excretory wastes into guanine crystals. These differentiated cells are most prominent in the proximal regions of the malphighian tubules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 The primary cell type found in the lining epithelium of the malphighian tubules. default_namespace TADS:0000568 Fig. 10-7, in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult malpighian tubule cuboidal cell TADS:0000568 The primary cell type found in the lining epithelium of the malphighian tubules. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In the ovipositing female, these swollen areas are covered with innumerable ledges that lie medial to the horms of the gland. Numerous broad pits occur over these surfaces. default_namespace Stalk of the gland TADS:0000569 Fig. 17-EAA, Fig. 19-EAA, Fig. 20-EAA, Fig. 21-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult Gene's organ balloon-like structure TADS:0000569 In the ovipositing female, these swollen areas are covered with innumerable ledges that lie medial to the horms of the gland. Numerous broad pits occur over these surfaces. ISSN:0168-8162 The suspensory cord to which the retractor muscles of the gland attach. default_namespace TADS:0000570 Fig. 16-22, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult Gene's organ attachment cord TADS:0000570 The suspensory cord to which the retractor muscles of the gland attach. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 During blood feeding, these enormously enlarged, fully differentiated digestive cells fill with hematin. They protrude as flask-shaped cells. Many detach from the basal lamina and float free in the lumen, eventually discharging their waste contents intothe cavity for elimination during defecation. In other cases, the enlarged, terminal end of the cell fragments and floats into thelumen. In some cases, the cells remain intact but the hematin-rich residual bodies that fill their cytoplasm are eliminated byexocytosis. default_namespace TADS:0000571 Fig. 9-24, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut spent digestive cell TADS:0000571 During blood feeding, these enormously enlarged, fully differentiated digestive cells fill with hematin. They protrude as flask-shaped cells. Many detach from the basal lamina and float free in the lumen, eventually discharging their waste contents intothe cavity for elimination during defecation. In other cases, the enlarged, terminal end of the cell fragments and floats into thelumen. In some cases, the cells remain intact but the hematin-rich residual bodies that fill their cytoplasm are eliminated byexocytosis. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticula towards the anterior end of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000572 Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut anterior median diverticula TADS:0000572 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticula towards the anterior end of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum on each side and protrude laterally towards the anterior lateral margins of the body. default_namespace TADS:0000573 Fig. 6-3, Fig. 9-2, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult midgut anterior lateral diverticula TADS:0000573 Paired midgut diverticula that extend from the anterior diverticulum on each side and protrude laterally towards the anterior lateral margins of the body. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 A small aciniform gland attached to the terminal end of the coxal tubule, near its junction with the coxal pore. Its function is unknown. It may serve as the source of the argasid sex pheromone. default_namespace TADS:0000574 Fig. 10-10, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult coxal accessory gland TADS:0000574 A small aciniform gland attached to the terminal end of the coxal tubule, near its junction with the coxal pore. Its function is unknown. It may serve as the source of the argasid sex pheromone. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Tip-pore sensilla located on the dorsal side of the terminal end of the tarsus at the junction with the tarsal apotele, These sensilla, which occur only in the males, were reported to recognize the female mounting sex pheromone. default_namespace Claw sensilla TADS:0000575 Fig. 2-EAA_2, Fig. 3-EAA_2, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult tarsal male claw sensilla dorsal pair TADS:0000575 Tip-pore sensilla located on the dorsal side of the terminal end of the tarsus at the junction with the tarsal apotele, These sensilla, which occur only in the males, were reported to recognize the female mounting sex pheromone. ISSN:0168-8162 Exp. Appl. Acarol. 17: 631-653 These are setiform (i.e., hair-like) sensilla in which the walls are covered by innumerable tiny submicroscopic pores. The pores are normally visible using the scanning or transmission electron microscope. These sensilla have a single wall. Setiform multiporose sensilla occur in the anterior pit of Haller's organ (Ap-1 sensillum or MD-1, MD-2 or MD-3 sensillum of various authors), in the Haller's organ capsule and in some cases distal to the Haller's organ. These sensilla have a well-established role asolfactory sensilla, detecting a wide range of odorants, e.g., NH3, CO2, 2,-dichlorophenol and many others. default_namespace Olfactory sensilla Olfactosensilla TADS:0000576 Fig. 15-6, Fig. 15-7, in Biology of Ticks. ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult multiporose single-walled sensilla TADS:0000576 These are setiform (i.e., hair-like) sensilla in which the walls are covered by innumerable tiny submicroscopic pores. The pores are normally visible using the scanning or transmission electron microscope. These sensilla have a single wall. Setiform multiporose sensilla occur in the anterior pit of Haller's organ (Ap-1 sensillum or MD-1, MD-2 or MD-3 sensillum of various authors), in the Haller's organ capsule and in some cases distal to the Haller's organ. These sensilla have a well-established role asolfactory sensilla, detecting a wide range of odorants, e.g., NH3, CO2, 2,-dichlorophenol and many others. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are setiform (i.e., hair-like) sensilla in which the walls contain very pores in faint grooves along the margins. The pores are normally only visible using the scanning or transmission electron microscope. These sensilla have a double wall. Examples are found in the anterior pit and posterior capsule of the Haller's organ. These sensilla are believed to function as chemosensory sensilla, but their precise role is uncertain. default_namespace Spoke-wheel sensilla TADS:0000577 Fig. 15-5, Fig. 15-8, Fig. 15-9, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult smooth double-walled sensilla TADS:0000577 These are setiform (i.e., hair-like) sensilla in which the walls contain very pores in faint grooves along the margins. The pores are normally only visible using the scanning or transmission electron microscope. These sensilla have a double wall. Examples are found in the anterior pit and posterior capsule of the Haller's organ. These sensilla are believed to function as chemosensory sensilla, but their precise role is uncertain. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are setiform sensilla that occur in the cluster of sensilla on the tip of palpal article IV, along the distal margins of tarsus I adjacent to the apotele, and possibly in the Haller's organ. They are believed to function as gustatory sensilla. default_namespace Gustatory sensilla TADS:0000578 Fig. 15-5, Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult tip-pore sensilla TADS:0000578 These are setiform sensilla that occur in the cluster of sensilla on the tip of palpal article IV, along the distal margins of tarsus I adjacent to the apotele, and possibly in the Haller's organ. They are believed to function as gustatory sensilla. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Setiform sensilla that lack any evidence of pores. These setae function as mechanosensory sensilla. No-pore setiform sensilla occur all over the body, legs and capitulum. default_namespace Mechanosensory sensilla TADS:0000579 Fig. 15-5, Fig. 15-11, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult no pore sensilla TADS:0000579 Setiform sensilla that lack any evidence of pores. These setae function as mechanosensory sensilla. No-pore setiform sensilla occur all over the body, legs and capitulum. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 In a few species, a third multiporose setiform sensillum also occurs in the anterior pit of Haller's organ. default_namespace TADS:0000580 adult Haller's organ anterior pit MD-3 sensillum TADS:0000580 In a few species, a third multiporose setiform sensillum also occurs in the anterior pit of Haller's organ. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 These are tip pore sensilla similar to the dorsal pair. These sensilla occur only on tarsus I of the males and are situated adjacent to the base of the apotele. They are reported to detect the female mounting sex pheromone. default_namespace TADS:0000581 Fig. 2-EAA, in Exp. Appl. Acarol. 25: 327-352. adult male claw sensilla middle pair TADS:0000581 These are tip pore sensilla similar to the dorsal pair. These sensilla occur only on tarsus I of the males and are situated adjacent to the base of the apotele. They are reported to detect the female mounting sex pheromone. ISSN:0168-8162 Exp. Appl.Acarol. 17: 631-653 The two pits that occur on the inner cheliceral digits. Pit sensillum 1 (PS-1) is innervated by a single dendrite and isbelieved to function as a thermoreceptor. Pit sensillum 2 (PS-2) is innervated by 11 dendrites and is believed to function as a gustatory chemoreceptor. default_namespace TADS:0000582 Fig. 15-27, in Biology of Ticks ISBN:0-19-505910-7. adult chelicera pit sensillum TADS:0000582 The two pits that occur on the inner cheliceral digits. Pit sensillum 1 (PS-1) is innervated by a single dendrite and isbelieved to function as a thermoreceptor. Pit sensillum 2 (PS-2) is innervated by 11 dendrites and is believed to function as a gustatory chemoreceptor. ISBN:0-19-505910-7 Biological entity, which constitutes the structural organization of a biological organism, or is an attribute of thatorganization. default_namespace TADS:0000583 anatomical entity TADS:0000583 Biological entity, which constitutes the structural organization of a biological organism, or is an attribute of thatorganization. CARO:0000000 Material anatomical entity which has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. default_namespace TADS:0000584 anatomical structure TADS:0000584 Material anatomical entity which has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state, with or without the admixture of cells and biologicalmacromolecules; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified byanatomical structures as they pass through the body. default_namespace TADS:0000585 portion of organism substance TADS:0000585 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state, with or without the admixture of cells and biologicalmacromolecules; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified byanatomical structures as they pass through the body. CARO:0000004 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, which is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; issurrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. default_namespace TADS:0000586 anatomical space TADS:0000586 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, which is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; issurrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. CARO:0000005 Anatomical entity which has mass. default_namespace TADS:0000587 material anatomical entity TADS:0000587 Anatomical entity which has mass. CARO:0000006 Physical anatomical entity which is a three-dimensional space, surface, line or point associated with a material physicalanatomical entity. default_namespace TADS:0000588 immaterial anatomical entity TADS:0000588 Physical anatomical entity which is a three-dimensional space, surface, line or point associated with a material physicalanatomical entity. CARO:0000007 Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of ananatomical surface. default_namespace TADS:0000589 anatomical line TADS:0000589 Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of ananatomical surface. CARO:0000008 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. default_namespace TADS:0000590 anatomical point TADS:0000590 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. CARO:0000009 Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. default_namespace TADS:0000591 anatomical surface TADS:0000591 Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. CARO:0000010 Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lowerlevel of granularity. default_namespace TADS:0000592 anatomical system TADS:0000592 Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lowerlevel of granularity. CARO:0000011 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. default_namespace TADS:0000593 multi-cellular organism TADS:0000593 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 Anatomical structure which has as its direct parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. default_namespace TADS:0000594 cell TADS:0000594 Anatomical structure which has as its direct parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:0000013 Anatomical structure which is a direct part of the cell. default_namespace TADS:0000595 cell component TADS:0000595 Anatomical structure which is a direct part of the cell. CARO:0000014 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. default_namespace TADS:0000596 compound organ component TADS:0000596 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. CARO:0000019 Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. default_namespace TADS:0000597 simple organ TADS:0000597 Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. CARO:0000021 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which throughspecific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinctanatomical structures of different types. default_namespace TADS:0000598 compound organ TADS:0000598 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which throughspecific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinctanatomical structures of different types. CARO:0000024 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. default_namespace TADS:0000599 male organism TADS:0000599 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. CARO:0000027 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. default_namespace TADS:0000600 female organism TADS:0000600 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. CARO:0000028 Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. default_namespace dioecious organism TADS:0000601 hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000601 Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. CARO:0000029 Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes. default_namespace TADS:0000602 asexual organism TADS:0000602 Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes. CARO:0000030 Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. default_namespace TADS:0000603 organism subdivision TADS:0000603 Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. CARO:0000032 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. default_namespace TADS:0000604 acellular anatomical structure TADS:0000604 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. CARO:0000040 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. default_namespace TADS:0000605 anatomical cluster TADS:0000605 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:0000041 Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contributeto the embryo. default_namespace TADS:0000606 extraembryonic structure TADS:0000606 Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contributeto the embryo. CARO:0000042 Anatomical structure, which consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determinedspatial relationships. default_namespace TADS:0000607 portion of tissue TADS:0000607 Anatomical structure, which consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determinedspatial relationships. CARO:0000043 Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. default_namespace consecutive hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000608 sequential hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000608 Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. CARO:0000045 Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. default_namespace serially hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000609 synchronous hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000609 Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. CARO:0000046 Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. default_namespace monoecious organism TADS:0000610 gonochoristic organism TADS:0000610 Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. CARO:0000048 Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex. default_namespace TADS:0000611 protandrous hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000611 Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex. CARO:0000049 Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex. default_namespace TADS:0000612 protogynous hermaphroditic organism TADS:0000612 Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex. CARO:0000050 Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cellsof different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. default_namespace TADS:0000613 anatomical group TADS:0000613 Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cellsof different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:0000054 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which throughspecific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinctstructural units of different types. default_namespace TADS:0000614 multi-tissue structure TADS:0000614 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which throughspecific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinctstructural units of different types. CARO:0000055 Anatomical space that is part of a cell. default_namespace TADS:0000615 cell space TADS:0000615 Anatomical space that is part of a cell. CARO:0000062 Portion of organism substance located within a cell. default_namespace TADS:0000616 portion of cell substance TADS:0000616 Portion of organism substance located within a cell. CARO:0000063 Cell that is an individual member of a species. default_namespace TADS:0000617 single cell organism TADS:0000617 Cell that is an individual member of a species. CARO:0000064 Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of anepithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. default_namespace TADS:0000618 basal lamina TADS:0000618 Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of anepithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. CARO:0000065 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and whichis underlain by a basal lamina. default_namespace TADS:0000619 epithelium TADS:0000619 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and whichis underlain by a basal lamina. CARO:0000066 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. default_namespace TADS:0000620 simple cuboidal epithelium TADS:0000620 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. CARO:0000067 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. default_namespace TADS:0000621 simple columnar epithlium TADS:0000621 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. CARO:0000068 Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. default_namespace TADS:0000622 multilaminar epithelium TADS:0000622 Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. CARO:0000069 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. default_namespace TADS:0000623 simple squamous epithelium TADS:0000623 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. CARO:0000070 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. default_namespace TADS:0000624 atypical epithelium TADS:0000624 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. CARO:0000071 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. default_namespace TADS:0000625 cavitated compound organ TADS:0000625 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. CARO:0000072 Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. default_namespace TADS:0000626 unilaminar epithelium TADS:0000626 Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. CARO:0000073 Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. default_namespace TADS:0000627 solid compound organ TADS:0000627 Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. CARO:0000074 Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. default_namespace TADS:0000628 epithelial cell TADS:0000628 Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. CARO:0000077 1.21 OBO-Edit 2.1 13:03:2012 15:35 default_namespace 1.2 Topito