Common mutation sites in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 第8版AJCC分期 A cancer stage defined according to the AJCC 8th edition criteria. C132248 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C132248 AJCC v8 Stage ATA-A突变 ATA level A (ATA-A) mutations carry the ‘‘least high’’ risk. Compared to ATA-B mutation carriers of the same age, these patients have lower serum Ct levels, lower tumor stage, and a higher rate of biochemical cure when they undergo prophylactic thyroidectomy at age 4 years old (80). ATA-A mutations include RET gene mutations at codons 768, 790, 791, 804, and 891. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 ATA-B突变 ATA level B (ATA-B) mutations carry a lower risk for aggressive MTC mutations and include mutations at RET codons 609, 611, 618, 620, and 630 https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 ATA-C突变 ATA level C (ATA-C) mutations carry a lower, yet still high risk of aggressive MTC and include mutations at codon 634. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 ATA-D突变 ATA level D (ATA-D) mutations carry the highest risk for MTC. These mutations include codons 883 and 918, and are associated with the youngest age of onset and highest risk of metastases and disease specific mortality. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 ATA甲状腺髓样癌分类 At the Seventh International Workshop on MEN, a classification system was created for RET mutations based on risk for aggressive MTC. The purpose of the classification system was to offer recommendations for age of prophylactic thyroidectomy, predict phenotype, and establish who should be screened for PHEO. This systemhas been important, but may be improved by recognizing the more aggressive course of the 634 mutation, with young age of onset and a higher rate of PHPT and PHEO. Additionally, some RET mutations were not categorized by that system (including codon 630), or were judged appropriate to be reclassified based on more recent data (e.g. codon 609). For these reasons, ATA have created a categorization system that makes these changes, and allows for periodic updating. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 美国甲状腺协会报告系统 according to the revised 2015 ATA management guidelines, thyroid nodules can be classified into the following five categories according to US pattern and risk of malignancy: (a) high suspicion, (b) intermediate suspicion, (c) low suspicion, (d) very low suspicion, and (e) benign https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0002961017313673 未分化型甲状腺癌全切除术 The majority of patients with ATC present with locally invasive and distant disease that is not amenable to complete resection. In patients with ATC that is amenable to complete extirpation, tumor resection with combination chemoradiotherapy may be beneficial. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781416058977000354?scrollTo=%23hl0000444 Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation or eradication of a body part, pathway or function by surgery, chemical destruction, morbid process, or noxious substance. (NCI) 消融 Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, morbid process, or noxious substance. C20985 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C20985 ABLATION Ablation Ablation Therapy Catheter Ablation Local Ablation Therapy Local Ablative Therapy ablation 毗邻结构 Adjacent structure of thyroid gland https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780702031311000444?scrollTo=%23hl0000639 系统性辅助治疗 Radioiodine therapy administered in cancer treatment, with the intent of suppressing secondary tumor formation. C157162 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C157162 Adjuvant I-131 Therapy Tumor that forms in the center of the adrenal gland (gland located above the kidney) that causes it to make too much adrenaline. Pheochromocytomas are usually benign (not cancer) but can cause high blood pressure, pounding headaches, heart palpitations, flushing of the face, nausea, and vomiting. 嗜铬细胞瘤 A benign or malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system that secretes catecholamines. It arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Clinical presentation includes headaches, palpitations, chest and abdominal pain, hypertension, fever, and tremor. Microscopically, a characteristic nesting (zellballen) growth pattern is usually seen. Other growth patterns including trabecular pattern may also be present. C3326 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3326 Adrenal Gland Chromafinoma Adrenal Gland Paraganglioma Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma Adrenal Medullary Paraganglioma Adrenal Medullary Pheochromocytoma 副作用 An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_effect A response to a medicinal product, devices, or procedures, which is noxious and unintended. Response in this context means that a causal relationship between a medicinal product and an adverse event is at least a reasonable possibility. In the context of drug development, the term is used as a synonym of adverse drug reaction. (After ICH E2A) 副作用 Any noxious and unintended response(s) to a medical product or procedure, for which a causal relationship with this product or procedure is at least a reasonable possibility i.e., the relationship cannot be ruled out. C41332 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C41332 ADR ADVERSE REACTION AR Adverse Effect Adverse Reaction adverse effect adverse reaction How long something has existed; elapsed time since birth. 年龄 How long something has existed; elapsed time since birth. C25150 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25150 Age Chronological age Postnatal Age age aged 初产年龄 The age at which a woman gave birth to her first live child. C19667 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C19667 Age at First Full-Term Pregnancy Age at First Live Birth The age at which permanent cessation of menses occurred. 绝经年龄 The age at which permanent cessation of menses occurs. C106497 Age at Menopause MENOAGE Menopause Age https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C106497 饮酒 A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins. C2190 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2190 ALCOHOL Absolute Ethanol Absolute ethanol Alcohol ETHANOL Ethanol Ethyl Alcohol Methylcarbinol alcohol 安乐替尼 Anlotinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Upon administration, anlotininib targets multiple RTKs, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and type 3 (VEGFR3). This agent may both inhibit angiogenesis and halt tumor cell growth. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Anlotinib An accumulation of amyloid protein. 扁平苔癣淀粉样变 A disorder characterized by the localized or diffuse accumulation of amyloid protein in various anatomic sites. It may be primary, due to clonal plasma cell proliferations; secondary, due to long standing infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, or malignancies; or familial. It may affect the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands. C2868 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2868 AMYLOID Amyloidosis Lichen planus amyloidosis amyloidosis 解剖与组织胚胎学 The embryology, anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455733828000220?scrollTo=%233-s2.0-B9781455733828000220-f026-002a-9781455733828 前支 The anterior branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends posterior to the cricothyroid joint and its ligament, and is usually covered by fibres of posterior cricoarytenoid at this point. It bends over the joint, continuing forwards over the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle before terminating within thyroarytenoid. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780702052309000352?scrollTo=%23hl0000639 甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies are specific for the autoantigen TPO, a 105kDa glycoprotein that catalyses iodine oxidation and thyroglobulin tyrosyl iodination reactions in the thyroid gland.[5] Most antibodies produced are directed to conformational epitopes of the immunogenic carboxyl-terminal region of the TPO protein, although antibodies to linear epitopes have been seen.[4] Anti-TPO antibodies are the most common anti-thyroid autoantibody, present in approximately 90% of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 75% of Graves' disease and 10-20% of nodular goiter or thyroid carcinoma. Also, 10-15% of normal individuals can have high level anti-TPO antibody titres.[4][6][7] High serum antibodies are found in active phase chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Thus, an antibody titer can be used to assess disease activity in patients that have developed such antibodies.[4][7][8] The majority of anti-TPO antibodies are produced by thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes, with minor contributions from lymph nodes and the bone marrow.[9] They cause thyroid cell damage by complement activation and antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity.[7] However, anti-TPO antibodies are not believed to contribute to the destruction of the thyroid.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithyroid_autoantibodies 圆弧样 one of Ultrasonographic features of calcification in thyroid cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. 动脉 A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. C12372 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12372 ARTERY Arterial Artery artery 窒息 A state of general hypoxia and hypercapnea, resulting in acidosis, which affects all tissues in the body. C50465 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50465 Asphyxia 心房颤动 A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by the replacement of consistent P waves by rapid oscillations or fibrillatory waves that vary in size, shape and timing and are accompanied by an irregular ventricular response. (CDISC) C50466 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50466 AF Afib Atrial Fibrillation Atrial fibrillation 非典型的有丝分裂 1) lag‐type mitoses with nonattached condensed chromatin near the main plate of chromosomes, subdivided into 2‐group metaphase with lag chromosomes on just one polar side of a metaphase plate (Figure 2j), 3‐group metaphase with lag chromosomes on both sides of the metaphase plate (Figure 2k), and other lag‐type mitoses; 2) multipolar mitoses, subdivided into tripolar and quadripolar mitoses; and 3) other atypical mitoses, including ring mitoses, asymmetrical mitoses, and dispersed mitoses. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00201.x 阿西替尼 An orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Axitinib inhibits the proangiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF), thereby exerting an anti-angiogenic effect. C38718 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C38718 AG-013736 AG013736 AXITINIB Axitinib Inlyta N-methyl-2-((3-((1E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)-1H-indazol-6-yl)sulfanyl)benzamide axitinib BRAF激酶抑制剂 A substance that blocks a protein called BRAF. BRAF is a kinase enzyme that helps control cell growth and signaling. It may be found in a mutated (changed) form in some types of cancer, including melanoma and colorectal cancer. Blocking mutated BRAF kinase proteins may help keep cancer cells from growing. Some BRAF kinase inhibitors are used to treat cancer. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/braf-kinase-inhibitor 鼠类肉瘤滤过性毒菌致癌同源体B1 V600E基因 A change in the amino acid residue at position 600 in the serine/threonine protein kinase B-raf protein where valine has been replaced by glutamic acid. C98342 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C98342 Activating BRAF V600E Mutation BRAF NP_004324.2:p.V600E BRAF NP_004324.2:p.Val600Glu BRAF V600E BRAF V600E Activating Mutation BRAF V600E Mutation BRAF Val600Glu BRAF p.V600E BRAF p.Val600Glu NP_004324.2:p.V600E NP_004324.2:p.Val600Glu Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase B-raf V600E Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase B-raf Val600Glu 英国甲状腺协会报告系统 the British Thyroid Association (BTA) published clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid cancer, in which they recommended the use of a U1 to U5 grading system for assessing risk of malignancy and guiding FNA cytology https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0009926019302685 病人基本信息 A file containing demographic, medical, and treatment information pertaining to an individual patient. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/LNC/52460-3 BioPortal cui:C2598117 Patient File Patient information patient file For neoplasms, a non-infiltrating and non-metastasizing neoplastic process that is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (e.g., severe atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, and abnormal mitoses). For other conditions, a process that is mild in nature and not dangerous to health. 良性 For neoplasms, a non-infiltrating and non-metastasizing neoplastic process that is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (e.g., severe atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, and abnormal mitoses). For other conditions, a process that is mild in nature and not dangerous to health. C14172 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14172 BENIGN Benign Negative for malignancy/normal/benign benign 淋巴结摘除术 If pathologic appearing nodes are found, FNA biopsy should be performed. In the presence of pathologically confirmed lateral neck nodal disease, an ipsilateral therapeutic lateral neck dissection is indicated. This dissection should be undertaken as a formal clearance of defined lymph node levels, rather than isolated resection of the involved node or “berry picking.” https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001681 连环蛋白 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from XX bacteria induces a wide range of inflammatory responses, including the response of alveolar macrophages to bacteria in the lungs. CD14 and the Toll-like receptor TLR4 are activated by LPS, initiating a signaling cascade that activates PI3 kinase and increases synthesis of the inositol phosphate PIP3. PIP3 activates the inositol phosphate dependent protein kinase PDK1, which activates AKT (protein kinase B). One of the key actions of AKT is to block apoptosis. AKT phosphorylation of NF-kB promotes the survival and activation of macrophages responding to LPS. Another substrate of AKT is the protein kinase Gsk3-beta. AKT phosphorylates and deactivates Gsk3-beta. Non-phosphorylated Gsk3-beta is active and phosphorylates beta-catenin, leading to its degradation in the ubiquitin dependent proteasome pathway. Stimulation by LPS causes the accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus and the activation of genes in concert with the transcription factor LEF1. This pathway is probably not restricted to alveolar pathway, but leads to the activation of beta-catenin dependent genes by LPS in other cells as well. Other pathways regulate this pathway also, such as the modulation of PI3 kinase activity by ceramide and the inhibition of Gsk3-beta activity by the Wnt/frizzled/disheveled (DSH) pathway. (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.) C39098 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C39098 Beta-Catenin Accumulation Pathway Inactivation of Gsk3 by AKT causes accumulation of b-catenin in Alveolar Macrophages 双侧性 A malignant neoplasm that affects both sides of an organ in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner. C7627 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C7627 Bilateral Cancer Bilateral Malignant Neoplasm Bilateral Malignant Tumor 生化不完全反应 If associated with stable or declining serum Tg values, a biochemical incomplete response should lead to continued observation with ongoing TSH suppression in most patients. Rising Tg or Tg antibody values should prompt additional imaging and potentially additional therapies. http://eguideline.guidelinecentral.com/i/631815-differentiated-thyroid-cancer/21? A series of actions among molecules in a cell that leads to a certain end point or cell function. C20633 细胞通路 A series of biochemical reactions which occurs in a known sequence and can result in all or part of the initiation, progression or completion of a biological process or function. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C20633 Biochemical Pathway Metabolic Network Pathway Pathways molecular pathway 生化缓解 basal and pentagastrinstimulated serum Ct <10 pg=mL In MTC https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 甲状腺活检 Removal of tissue from the thyroid gland for microscopic examination. C51613 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C51613 Biopsy of Thyroid Gland 双相梭形细胞 A common morphologic presentation, and one that is most easily recognized as an anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid, is that of the biphasic spindle and giant cell tumor. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2012.0302?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 双膦酸盐或降糖单抗治疗 Bisphosphonate or denosumab therapy should be considered in patients with diffuse and/or symptomatic bone metastases from RAI-refractory DTC, either alone or concomitantly with other systemic therapies https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 异常恶性巨细胞 some of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are dominated by bizarre malignant giant cells https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2012.0302?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed A measure that relates body weight to height. BMI is sometimes used to measure total body fat and whether a person is a healthy weight. Excess body fat is linked to an increased risk of some diseases including heart disease and some cancers. 身体质量指数 A general indicator of the body fat an individual is carrying based upon the ratio of weight to height. C16358 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16358 BMI Body Mass Index Quetelet Index body mass index 骨导向剂 A technique for the treatment of bone metastases from thyroid cancer 骨髓抑制 Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity (leukocytes), carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes). Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy and certain drugs affecting the immune system such as azathioprine. The risk is especially high in cytotoxic chemotherapy for leukemia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrow_suppression 臂丛神经损伤 Damage to the nerves in the brachial plexus network. These nerves originate in the spinal column and innervate the shoulder, arm and hand. Often, damage is sustained from overstretching or motor vehicle accidents. C103231 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C103231 Brachial Plexus Injury 旁观者效应 The bystander effect, or bystander apathy, is a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that one of them will help. Several factors contribute to the bystander effect, including ambiguity, group cohesiveness, and diffusion of responsibility that reinforces mutual denial of a situation's severity.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystander_effect C细胞增生 Neoplastic or reactive proliferation of the C-cells in the thyroid gland. The neoplastic C-cell hyperplasia is associated with familial medullary thyroid gland carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type II and IIB. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of clusters of intrafollicular C-cells with atypical cytologic features. The reactive C-cell hyperplasia is also known as physiological or secondary C-cell hyperplasia and it is associated with conditions that cause hypercalcemia (e.g., hyperparathyroidism). C46100 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C46100 C-Cell Hyperplasia CCH 白细胞共同抗原抗体 CD45 is a type I transmembrane protein that is present in various isoforms on all differentiated hematopoietic cells (except erythrocytes and plasma cells). CD45 has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPRC CDKN1B (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CDKN1B include Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type Iv and Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Among its related pathways are RET signaling and Association Between Physico-Chemical Features and Toxicity Associated Pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein phosphatase binding. An important paralog of this gene is CDKN1C. This gene is involved in cell cycle regulation and cyclin regulation. C20060 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CDKN1B&keywords=CDKN1B CDKN4 Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B (P27, Kip1) Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor P27 KIP1 MEN1B MEN4 P27KIP1 P27Kip1 癌胚抗原 describes a set of highly related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Consequently, CEA is usually present at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults (about 20 ng/mL).[2] However, the serum levels are raised in some types of cancer, which means that it can be used as a tumor marker in clinical tests. Serum levels can also be elevated in heavy smokers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoembryonic_antigen 卡博替尼 An orally bioavailable, small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Cabozantinib strongly binds to and inhibits several RTKs, which are often overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, including hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), RET (rearranged during transfection), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor types 1 (VEGFR-1), 2 (VEGFR-2), and 3 (VEGFR-3), mast/stem cell growth factor (KIT), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3), TIE-2 (TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB) and AXL. This may result in an inhibition of both tumor growth and angiogenesis, and eventually lead to tumor regression. C52200 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C52200 1,1-Cyclopropanedicarboxamide, N'-[4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolinyl)oxy]phenyl]-N-(4- fluorophenyl)- CABOZANTINIB Cabozantinib N-{4-[(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy]phenyl}-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1- dicarboxamide 钙化 Deposition of calcium in the tissues. It may be the result of a metabolic disorder or long-standing infection, or it may be associated with the presence of cancer. C3672 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3672 Calcification Calcium Deposit(s) Deposit(s), Calcium calcification calcinosis macrocalcification 滤泡旁降钙素分泌细胞（C细胞） A neuroendocrine cell found in the thyroid gland interspersed among the follicular cells or in clusters between the follicles. It produces and secretes calcitonin in response to its calcium receptor. C33261 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C33261 C cell C-Cell Parafollicular Cell 降钙素测定 Calcitonin (32 aa, ~3 kDa) is encoded by the human CALCA gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of blood calcium and phosphate concentrations through promoting incorporation of these ions into bone. C2281 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2281 CALCA CALCITONIN Calcitonin calcitonin 卡铂 A second-generation platinum compound with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic properties. Carboplatin contains a platinum atom complexed with two ammonia groups and a cyclobutane-dicarboxyl residue. This agent is activated intracellularly to form reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA, thereby inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These carboplatin-induced DNA and protein effects result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. This agent possesses tumoricidal activity similar to that of its parent compound, cisplatin, but is more stable and less toxic. (NCI04) C1282 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C1282 (SP-4-2)-diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2--)-O,O']platinum 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid platinum complexBlastocarb CARBOPLATIN CBDCA Carboplat Carboplatin Carboplatin Hexal Carboplatino Carboplatinum Carbosin Carbosol Carbotec Cis-Diammine(cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato)platinum Displata Ercar JM-8 Nealorin Novoplatinum Paraplat Paraplatin Paraplatin AQ Paraplatine Platinwa Ribocarbo carboplatin cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato) platinum(II) cis-diammine(cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum II platinum, diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-))-, (SP-4-2) 癌胚抗原 A cancer-specific antigen associated with both tumors and the developing fetus. The main use of this antigen is as a tumor marker, especially with respect to intestinal cancers. Production of the antigen ceases shortly before birth, but may reappear in people who develop certain types of cancer. C25159 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25159 CEA CEA Family Protein Carcinoembryonic Antigen Carcinoembryonic Antigen Family Protein carcinoembryonic antigen C61488 关怀 The work of attending to someone or something. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61488 Care 颈动脉鞘 The carotid sheath is an anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck. It is part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck, below the superficial cervical fascia meaning the subcutaneous adipose tissue immediately beneath the skin.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_sheath 分子细胞机制  C1373094 https://ncim.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI Metathesaurus&code=C1373094 Cellular or Molecular Interactions Cellular or Molecular Interactions [MoA] 接合剂注射 Focal treatment of bone metastases of distant metastasis of thyroid cancer https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323297387000149?scrollTo=%23hl0002335 中央区淋巴结清扫术 Dissection of the lymph nodes that surround the thyroid gland. C118544 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C118544 Central Lymph Node Dissection The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. 化疗 The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. C15632 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15632 CHEMOTHERAPY Chemo Chemotherapy (NOS) Chemotherapy, Cancer, General chemotherapy 嗜铬粒蛋白 Chromogranins are acidic secretory glycoproteins with a widespread but specific distribution in neuroendocrine tissues. The chromogranin family is heterogenous, consisting of propeptides such as chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B and secretogranin II, which can either elicit an effect themselves, or serve as precursors to a large number of peptides, which are biologically more active. C16436 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16436 CHG Chromogranin 乳糜瘘 Chyle fistula is defined as a leakage of lymphatic fluid from the lymphatic vessels, typically accumulating in the thoracic or abdominal cavities but occasionally manifesting as an external fistula. It is a rare but potentially devastating and morbid condition. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/190025-overview 顺铂 An alkylating-like inorganic platinum agent (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) with antineoplastic activity. Cisplatin forms highly reactive, charged, platinum complexes which bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These cross-links result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. C376 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C376 (SP-4-2)-Diamminedichloroplatinum Abiplatin Blastolem Briplatin CDDP CISPLATIN Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II) Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II) Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride Cis-platinum Cis-platinum II Cis-platinum II Diamine Dichloride Cismaplat Cisplatin Cisplatina Cisplatinum Cisplatyl Citoplatino Citosin Cysplatyna DDP Lederplatin Metaplatin Neoplatin Peyrone's Chloride Peyrone's Salt Placis Plastistil Platamine Platiblastin Platiblastin-S Platinex Platinol Platinol- AQ Platinol-AQ Platinol-AQ VHA Plus Platinoxan Platinum Diamminodichloride Platinum, Diaminedichloro-, cis- (8CI) Platiran Platistin Platosin cisplatin 典型甲状腺乳头状癌 Classical PTC has been defined as “a malignant epithelial tumor showing evidence of follicular cell differentiation, and characterized by the formation of papillae and/or a set of distinctive nuclear changes https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323297387000149?scrollTo=%23hl0001399 CPTC 临床 the clinical presentation of thyroid carcinoma https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781416058977000354?scrollTo=%23hl0000348 临床性转移 patients with clinically evident disease based on preoperative physical exam, preoperative radiographic evaluation, or intraoperative demonstration of detectable disease (cN1) https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 粗针穿刺 Coarse-needle biopsy (CNB) (Tru Cut, Vim Silverman) has not gained wide acceptance, but appreciation of the value of this biopsy technique appears to be increasing in the surgical community https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-3612-2_11 沿海 The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is the area where land meets the sea or ocean,or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the coastline paradox. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast 结肠紊乱 MEN 2B patients, 90% had colonic disturbances, typically chronic constipation from birth https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 柱状细胞 An epithelial cell that is taller than it is wide. The nucleus is oval, usually situated at the base of the cell. These cells line large glands and ducts. C13158 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C13158 Columnar Cell Columnar Cells 柱状细胞甲状腺乳头状癌 A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of pseudostratified malignant follicular cells. C35830 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35830 Columnar Cell Variant Papillary Carcinoma Columnar Cell Variant Papillary Thyroid Columnar Cell Variant Thyroid Gland Gland Carcinoma Papillary Carcinoma 并发症 Any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of, or because of, another disease, treatment, or procedure. C2959 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2959 Complication Medical Complication complication 成分 The way in which something is made, especially in terms of its different parts; its constituents. C53414 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C53414 COMPOS Composition An imaging technique for examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. 计算机断层扫描 A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. C17204 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17204 CAT CAT Scan CAT scan CT CT SCAN CT scan Computed Tomography Computerized Axial Tomography Computerized Tomography computed tomography computerized axial tomography computerized tomography tomography 旋绕型核 Convoluted nuclei are well-defined by the Turin consensus, but convoluted nuclei alone, without the aid of increased mitoses or necrosis, might be viewed as a subjective challenge to non-thyroid pathology experts. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3380407/ 环状软骨 A cartilage ring around the trachea below the thyroid cartilage. C32400 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C32400 Cricoid Cartilage 冷冻消融 An image-guided, minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a balloon-tipped catheter to deliver cryogenic energy to targeted tissue, resulting in cell death secondary to cryogenic injury. C127818 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C127818 Cryoballoon Ablation Therapy A condition in which there is too much cortisol (a hormone made by the outer layer of the adrenal gland) in the body. Cushing syndrome may be caused by taking too many steroid drugs or by certain types of tumors. Tumors that make adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cause the adrenal gland to make too much cortisol. Symptoms of Cushing syndrome include a round face, thin arms and legs, severe fatigue and muscle weakness, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, purple or pink stretch marks on the skin, and weight gain, especially in the abdomen. 库欣综合征 A syndrome caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood either due to excessive production and secretion of corticosteroids secondary to pituitary or adrenocortical neoplasms, or intake of glucocorticoid drugs. Signs and symptoms include a round face, upper body obesity, fragile and thin skin, purple stretch marks in the skin, fatigue, muscle weakness, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypertrichosis and amenorrhea in women, impotence in men, and osteoporosis. C2969 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2969 Cushing Syndrome Cushing syndrome Cushing‘s Syndrome Hypercortisolism 囊实混合性 a description of the nodule’s sonographic features https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 囊性 A benign or malignant neoplasm that contains a single or multiple cystic spaces. Examples include cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and serous cystadenocarcinoma. C6784 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C6784 Cystic Neoplasm Cystic Tumor 细胞学诊断 A diagnostic test utilized to examine and define cellular anatomy or function. The test results are often used by a clinician to diagnose disease or disordered function. C49132 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C49132 Cytologic Test 细胞毒性化疗 A drug therapy that is used to destroy cancer cells. C15681 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15681 Cytotoxic Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Cytotoxic Therapy cytotoxic chemotherapy DICER1 (Dicer 1, Ribonuclease III) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with DICER1 include Pleuropulmonary Blastoma and Goiter, Multinodular 1, With Or Without Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors. Among its related pathways are Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat and RNAi Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include nucleic acid binding and hydrolase activity. C25956 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=DICER1&keywords=DICER1 DCR1 DICER Dicer Dicer 1, Double-Stranded RNA-Specific Endoribonuclease Dicer 1, Ribonuclease III Dicer 1, Ribonuclease Type III Dicer1, Dcr-1 Homolog Dicer1, Dcr-1 Homolog (Drosophila) Dicer1e EC 3.1.26 EC 3.1.26.3 Endoribonuclease Dicer GLOW HERNA Helicase MOI Helicase With RNAse Motif Helicase With RNase Motif K12H4.8-LIKE KIAA0928 MNG1 Multinodular Goitre 1 RMSE2 达卡巴嗪 A triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Dacarbazine alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. (NCI04) C411 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C411 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-4-(Dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-5-carboxamide 5(or 4)-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4(or 5)-carboxamide 5-(3-3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 5-(Dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide 5-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide Asercit Biocarbazine DACARBAZINE DIC DTIC DTIC-Dome Dacarbazina Almirall Dacarbazine Dacarbazine - DTIC Dacatic Dakarbazin Deticene Detimedac Dimethyl (triazeno) imidazolecarboxamide Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazol Carboxamide Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole-carboximide Fauldetic Imidazole Carboxamide Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyltriazeno Imidazole carboxamide WR-139007 dacarbazine dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole carboxamide 脱水 A condition resulting from the excessive loss of water from the body. It is usually caused by severe diarrhea, vomiting or diaphoresis. C26740 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26740 Dehydrated Dehydration dehydration 糖尿病 A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization. C2985 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2985 DM Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus diabetes diabetes mellitus The investigation, analysis and recognition of the presence and nature of disease, condition, or injury from expressed signs and symptoms; also, the scientific determination of any kind; the concise results or summary of such an investigation. 诊断 The investigation, analysis and recognition of the presence and nature of disease, condition, or injury from expressed signs and symptoms; also, the scientific determination of any kind; the concise results of such an investigation. C15220 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15220 DIAGNOSIS Diagnosed Diagnosis Diagnostic Dx diagnosis 免疫组化标记 IHC is an excellent detection technique and has the tremendous advantage of being able to show exactly where a given protein is located within the tissue examined. It is also an effective way to examine the tissues. This has made it a widely used technique in the neurosciences, enabling researchers to examine protein expression within specific brain structures. Its major disadvantage is that, unlike immunoblotting techniques where staining is checked against a molecular weight ladder, it is impossible to show in IHC that the staining corresponds with the protein of interest. For this reason, primary antibodies must be well-validated in a Western Blot or similar procedure. The technique is even more widely used in diagnostic surgical pathology for immunophenotyping tumors (e.g. immunostaining for e-cadherin to differentiate between DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ: stains positive) and LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ: does not stain positive)[9]). More recently, Immunohistochemical techniques have been useful in differential diagnoses of multiple forms of salivary gland, head, and neck carcinomas. The diversity of IHC markers used in diagnostic surgical pathology is substantial. Many clinical laboratories in tertiary hospitals will have menus of over 200 antibodies used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Examples of some commonly used markers include: BrdU: used to identify replicating cells. Used to identify tumors as well as in neuroscience research. Cytokeratins: used for identification of carcinomas but may also be expressed in some sarcomas. CD15 and CD30 : used for Hodgkin's disease Alpha fetoprotein: for yolk sac tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma CD117 (KIT): for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mast cell tumors CD10 (CALLA): for renal cell carcinoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia Prostate specific antigen (PSA): for prostate cancer estrogens and progesterone receptor (ER & PR) staining are used both diagnostically (breast and gyn tumors) as well as prognostic in breast cancer and predictive of response to therapy (estrogen receptor) Identification of B-cell lymphomas using CD20 Identification of T-cell lymphomas using CD3(Wikipedia) 影像学检查 Any method that uses a visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. C16502 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16502 Diagnostic Imaging Imaging test Medical Imaging 腹泻 Watery bowel movements. C2987 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2987 Diarrhea Diarrheal Disease Frequent Stools Loose Stools diarrhea 氟摄入 Form of the element fluorine found in foods. C68252 Dietary Fluorine F Fluorine Molecular Fluorine https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C68252 饮食摄入 Form of the element iodine found in foods. C68254 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C68254 Dietary Iodine Iodine Molecular Iodine 硒摄入 Forms of the element selenium found in foods. C68281 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C68281 Dietary Selenium Selenium 碘摄入 Form of the element iodine found in foods. C2348268 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C68254 Dietary Iodine I Iodine Molecular Iodine 分化型甲状腺癌 An adenocarcinoma arising from the thyroid gland showing extensive evidence of follicular cell differentiation. According to the nuclear features of the malignant follicular cells, it is classified either as papillary, or follicular carcinoma. C7153 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C7153 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Differentiated thyroid gland cancer Thyroid Gland Differentiated Carcinoma 弥漫硬化型甲状腺乳头状癌 A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland that more often affects young patients and commonly metastasizing to the lungs. It is characterized by a diffuse infiltration of the thyroid gland by malignant follicular cells, squamous metaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration. C7427 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C7427 Diffuse Sclerosing Variant Thyroid Gland Nonencapsulated Sclerosing Adenocarcinoma Nonencapsulated Sclerosing Carcinoma Nonencapsulated Sclerosing Neoplasm Nonencapsulated Sclerosing Papillary Nonencapsulated Sclerosing Tumor Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Diffuse Sclerosing Papillary Carcinoma 胃肠表现 A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, anus, liver, biliary system, and pancreas. C2990 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2990 Digestive Disease Digestive System Disease Digestive System Disorder Disorder of Digestive System Gastrointestinal Disorder Gastrointestinal System Disease Gastrointestinal System Disorder stomach or intestinal disorder 胃肠道瘘形成 An abnormal communication between any part of the digestive system and another organ or cavity. C78319 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C78319 Digestive System Fistula Gastrointestinal Fistula Gastrointestinal fistula 消化道反应 gastrointestinal adverse effects 远处转移 Refers to cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to distant organs or distant lymph nodes. Also known as distant cancer. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/distant-metastasis 多烯紫杉醇 A semi-synthetic, second-generation taxane derived from a compound found in the European yew tree, Taxus baccata. Docetaxel displays potent and broad antineoplastic properties; it binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule disassembly which results in cell- cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and cell death. This agent also inhibits pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and displays immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory properties by inducing various mediators of the inflammatory response. Docetaxel has been studied for use as a radiation-sensitizing agent. (NCI04) C1526 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C1526 DOCETAXEL Docecad Docetaxel N-Debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol RP56976 Taxotere Taxotere Injection Concentrate [2aR-[2a alphaa,4beta,4a beta,6beta,9alpha,(alphaR*,betaS*),-11alpha,12alpha,12a alpha,12b alpha]]-beta-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-amino]-alpha-hydroxybenzemepropanoic Acid 12b-(Acetyloxy)-12(benzyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,8,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydeo-4,-6,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca[3,4]benz[1,2-b]oxet-9-yl Ester docetaxel 碘131的剂量 131I dose for thyroid cancer patients 阿霉素 An anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Doxorubicin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II which results in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication and subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals resulting in cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids; the formation of oxygen free radicals also contributes to the toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotics, namely the cardiac and cutaneous vascular effects. C456 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C456 (8S-cis)-10-[(3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione (8S-cis)-10-[(3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione 14-Hydroxydaunomycin;Adriablastin DOXORUBICIN Doxorubicin;doxorubicin Hydroxydaunomycin Hydroxyl Daunorubicin Hydroxyldaunorubicin The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in large amounts. Drug abuse may lead to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems. 吸毒 he use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed. C16522 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16522 Drug Abuse Drug Use Disorder Recreational Drug Use drug abuse 二重癌 Other non-thyroid cancer with existing thyroid cancers 吞咽障碍 A symptom referring to difficulty in swallowing. It may be observed in patients with stroke, motor neuron disorders, cancer of the throat or mouth, head and neck injuries, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis. C2980 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2980 Difficulty Swallowing Dysphagia dysphagia Includes dyspnea on exertion, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. 进行性吞咽困难、呼吸困难 An uncomfortable sensation of difficulty breathing. It may present as an acute or chronic sign of an underlying respiratory or heart disorder. C2998 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2998 Breathing Difficulties DYSPNEA Difficulty Breathing Dyspnea Shortness of Breath dyspnea 上皮细胞钙粘蛋白 C91575 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C91575 E-Cadherin Signaling Pathway E-cadherin signaling events 回声强度 Echogenicity (misspelled sometimes as echogenecity) or echogeneity is the ability to bounce an echo, e.g. return the signal in ultrasound examinations. In other words, echogenicity is higher when the surface bouncing the sound echo reflects increased sound waves. Tissues that have higher echogenicity are called "hyperechogenic" and are usually represented with lighter colors on images in medical ultrasonography. In contrast, tissues with lower echogenicity are called "hypoechogenic" and are usually represented with darker colors. Areas that lack echogenicity are called "anechogenic" and are usually displayed as completely dark. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echogenicity Highest level of education that a person has attained. 受教育水平 An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools. C17953 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17953 Education Education Level Completed Education level Educational Attainment An ultrasound-based imaging technique used to examine the stiffness or elasticity of a tissue by applying mechanical compression or vibration to the tissue being imaged. 超声弹性成像 An ultrasound-based imaging technique used to examine the stiffness or elasticity of a tissue by applying mechanical compression or vibration to the tissue being imaged. C106517 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C106517 ELASTOGRAPHY Elastography 经验性碘治疗 then empiric therapy with RAI (100–200mCi) or dosimetrically determined RAI activities can be considered for two purposes: (i) to aid in disease localization, and/or (ii) as therapy for nonsurgical disease. This approach may identify the location of persistent disease in approximately 50% of patients https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 综合征 A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that result from the pathologic function of one or more endocrine organs. C27564 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C27564 Endocrine Syndrome 内分泌疾病 A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endocrine system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal gland insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. C3009 Disorder of Endocrine System https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3009 Endocrine Disease Endocrine Disorder Endocrine System Disorder Endocrinopathy An examination of the body using an endoscope. 内窥镜检查 A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues. C16546 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16546 ENDOSCOPY Endoscopic Endoscopic Examination Endoscopic Procedure Endoscopy endoscopy 环境 The totality of surrounding conditions. C16551 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16551 Environment Environmental 食管 The portion of the digestive canal between the pharynx and stomach. It is about 25 cm long and consists of three parts: the cervical part, from the cricoid cartilage to the thoracic inlet; thoracic part, from thoracic inlet to the diaphragm; and abdominal part, below the diaphragm to the cardiac opening of the stomach. C12389 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12389 ESOPHAGUS Esophagus Gastrointestinal Tract, Esophagus esophagus （经皮）乙醇注射 An injection of ethanol (alcohol) through the skin directly into a tumor to kill cancer cells. Ultrasound or a CT scan is used to guide the needle into the tumor. (NCI-GLOSS Definition) C67444 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C67444 Ethanol Ablation Therapy PEI alcohol ablation ethanol ablation percutaneous ethanol injection 病因学 The cause of a disease or abnormal condition. C16390 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16390 Causation Cause Etiology etiology 良好反应 An excellent response to therapy should lead to a decrease in the intensity and frequency of follow up and the degree of TSH suppression Note: This change in management will be most apparent in ATA intermediate and high risk patients. http://eguideline.guidelinecentral.com/i/631815-differentiated-thyroid-cancer/21? A type of radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to the tumor from outside of the body. 外部放射治疗 Radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to the tumor from outside of the body. C15751 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15751 Definitive Radiation Therapy EBRT EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY External Beam RT External Beam Radiation Therapy External Beam Radiotherapy External Radiation Therapy external radiation external-beam radiation 外支 The superior laryngeal nerve has two branches: an internal branch that supplies sensory fibers to the larynx and an external branch that supplies motor fibers to the cricothyroid muscles and tenses the vocal cords. The external branch can run closely adherent to the superior thyroid artery, and care must be exercised during dissection in this area. Injury to the external branch causes voice changes, huskiness, poor volume and projection, voice fatigue, and inability to sing at higher ranges. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001962 A type of radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to the tumor from outside of the body. 外放射线疗法 Radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to the tumor from outside of the body. C15751 Definitive Radiation Therapy EBRT EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY External Beam RT External Beam Radiation Therapy External Beam Radiotherapy External Radiation Therapy external radiation external-beam radiation https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15751 结节囊外侵犯 Extra-nodal extension (ENE) is a commonly observed microscopic feature in positive nodes and may be important to better identify patients at increased risk of loco-regional or distant relapse https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0171853 甲状腺外侵犯 Extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is defined as extension of the primary tumor outside of the thyroid capsule and invasion into the surrounding structures (eg, strap muscles, trachea, larynx, vasculature, esophagus, and recurrent laryngeal nerve) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/484778 细针穿刺抽吸物洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白 Use with FNA biopsy of thyroid nodules to diagnose benign or malignant non-medullary thyroid nodules. http://ltd.aruplab.com/Tests/Pub/0020753 细针穿刺抽吸物洗脱液降钙素 As an adjunct to cytologic examination of fine-needle aspiration specimens in athyrotic individuals treated for medullary thyroid carcinoma to confirm or exclude metastases in enlarged or ultrasonographically suspicious lymph nodes https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Overview/61527 FOXE1 (Forkhead Box E1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with FOXE1 include Hypothyroidism, Thyroidal Or Athyroidal, With Spiky Hair And Cleft Palate and Thyroid Cancer, Nonmedullary, 4. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. An important paralog of this gene is FOXE3. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=FOXE1&keywords=FOXE1 FKHL15 FOXE2 Forkhead Box E1 Forkhead Box E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) Forkhead Box E2 Forkhead Box Protein E1 Forkhead Box Protein E2 Forkhead, Drosophila, Homolog-Like 15 Forkhead-Related Protein FKHL15 HFKH4 HFKL5 HNF-3/Fork Head-Like Protein 5 NMTC4 TITF2 TTF-2 TTF2 Thyroid Transcription Factor 2 发育不良 A clinical finding indicating less than normal growth in an infant or child, or a state of global decline in an adult. C107587 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C107587 Failure to Thrive A record of the relationships among family members along with their medical histories. This includes current and past illnesses. A family history may show a pattern of certain diseases in a family. 家族史 A record of a patient's background regarding health and disease events of blood relatives. A patient's family medical history may be important in diagnosing existing conditions. C17726 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17726 Epidemiology Family History Family History of family Medical History family history family medical history Unusual tiredness and inability to perform usual activities. 疲劳 Overall tiredness and lack of energy. C3036 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3036 FATIGUE Fatigue Lack of Energy fatigue The removal of tissue specimens or fluid from the living body with a thin needle. 细针穿刺抽吸 C15361 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15361 Aspirate, Fine Needle FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION FNA FNA biopsy Fine Needle Aspiration Fine-Needle Aspiration fine-needle aspiration biopsy 氟尿嘧啶 An antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. Fluorouracil and its metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo, fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into RNA and inhibits RNA processing, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Another active metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (F-dUMP), inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), one of the four nucleotide triphosphates used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA. Other fluorouracil metabolites incorporate into both RNA and DNA; incorporation into RNA results in major effects on both RNA processing and functions. C505 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C505 2,4-Dioxo-5-fluoropyrimidine 5 FU 5 Fluorouracil 5 Fluorouracilum 5-FU 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione;5-Fluorouracil 5-Fluracil 5-Fu 5-fluorouracil 5FU AccuSite Adrucil Carac FLUOROURACIL Fluoro Uracil Fluorouracil Fluouracil Flurablasti Flurace Fluril Fluroblastin Ribofluor Ro 2-9757 Ro-2-9757 fluorouracil 面色潮红 These typical phenotypic features of MEN 2B include proximal muscle weakness https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 滤泡变异型甲状腺乳头状癌 An encapsulated or nonencapsulated variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the predominance of follicular structures. The malignant follicular cells display the nuclear features that characterize the papillary adenocarcinomas of the thyroid gland. C126594 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C126594 FVPTC Follicular Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma,Follicular Variant Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment. This includes keeping track of the health of people who participate in a clinical study or clinical trial for a period of time, both during the study and after the study ends. 随访 The process by which information about the health status of an individual is obtained after a study has officially closed; an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done. C16033 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16033 Active Follow-up CLSFUP Clinical Signs Follow-up Follow Up Follow-Up Follow-up Followup follow-up A measurement of the free thyroxine in a biological specimen. 血清游离甲状腺素 The determination of the amount of free thyroxine present in a sample. C74786 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C74786 Free T4 Free Thyroxine Measurement T4-Free T4FR Thyroxine, Free fT4 A measurement of the free triiodothyronine in a biological specimen. 游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 The determination of the amount of free triiodothyronine present in a sample. C74787 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C74787 Free T3 Free Triiodothyronine Measurement T3FR Triiodothyronine, Free fT3 术中冰冻切片检查 The frozen section procedure is a pathological laboratory procedure to perform rapid microscopic analysis of a specimen. It is used most often in oncological surgery.[1] The technical name for this procedure is cryosection. The quality of the slides produced by frozen section is of lower quality than formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue processing. While diagnosis can be rendered in many cases, fixed tissue processing is preferred in many conditions for more accurate diagnosis. The intraoperative consultation is the name given to the whole intervention by the pathologist, which includes not only frozen section but also gross evaluation of the specimen, examination of cytology preparations taken on the specimen (e.g. touch imprints), and aliquoting of the specimen for special studies (e.g. molecular pathology techniques, flow cytometry). The report given by the pathologist is usually limited to a "benign" or "malignant" diagnosis, and communicated to the surgeon operating via intercom. When operating on a previously confirmed malignancy, the main purpose of the pathologist is to inform the surgeon if the resection margin is clear of residual cancer, or if residual cancer is present at the resection margin. The method of processing is usually done with the bread loafing technique. But margin controlled surgery (CCPDMA) can be performed using a variety of tissue cutting and mounting methods, including Mohs surgery. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_section_procedure 功能性前臂自体移植 The site of autotransplantation is within the brachioradialis muscle of the nondominant forearm to prevent a potential cervical reoperation. In follow-up, serum PTH levels obtained from right and left basilic veins can be used to monitor function of the autotransplantation. Prior to autotransplantation, a piece of tissue should be submitted for frozen section to confirm parathyroid tissue. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781437722277000678?scrollTo=%23hl0000249 泌尿系统的神经节瘤病和畸形 Extensive and diffuse infiltration of tissues by ganglioneuroma. C66804 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C66804 Ganglioneuromatosis 肠神经节瘤病 Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis is a rare neoplastic condition characterized by marked proliferation of ganglion cells, Schwann cells, and nerve fibers in the wall of the bowel. ... We therefore present the imaging findings in a patient with the diffuse form of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis. https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/ajr.182.5.1821166 胃肠炎 An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting. C34632 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C34632 Gastroenteritis gastroenteritis Subject self-identification re: masculine/feminine. [IOM] See also sex. 性别 The assemblage of properties that distinguish people on the basis of the societal roles expected for the two sexes. C17357 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17357 Gender gender A functional unit of heredity which occupies a specific position on a particular chromosome and serves as the template for a product that contributes to a phenotype or a biological function. (NCI) 基因 A functional unit of heredity which occupies a specific position on a particular chromosome and serves as the template for a product that contributes to a phenotype or a biological function. C16612 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16612 GENE Gene Genes gene An abnormally large cell with more than one nucleus. (INHAND) 巨细胞 An abnormally large cell that contains multiple nuclei and an abundant amount of cytoplasm. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12607 Giant Cell MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELL Multinucleated Giant Cell syncytium 腺体大小 Ultrasound should evaluate the following: thyroid parenchyma(homogeneous or heterogeneous) and gland size; size, location, zand sonographic characteristics of any nodule(s); the presence or absence of any suspicious cervical lymph nodes in the central or lateral compartments. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 砂砾样 A Pathological Cell Morphology of Thyroid Carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 肿瘤大部切除术 potentially curative surgery, resection of all visible disease, which included leaving minimal residual disease adherent to important neck structures such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, carotid artery, trachea, or esophagus (R0/R1); https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0196070917301540 显微镜下切缘阴性（R0切除） The absence of tumor cells at the edge of a surgically excised specimen, both macroscopically and microscopically. C120288 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C120288 Grossly Negative and Microscopically Negative Surgical Margin Grossly negative and microscopically negative HABP2 (Hyaluronan Binding Protein 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HABP2 include Thyroid Cancer, Nonmedullary, 5 and Familial Papillary Or Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include calcium ion binding and glycosaminoglycan binding. An important paralog of this gene is HGF. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=HABP2&keywords=HABP2 EC 3.4.21 EC 3.4.21.- EC 3.4.21.4 EC 3.4.21.92 FSAP Factor Seven-Activating Protease Factor VII Activating Protein Factor VII-Activating Protease HABP HGFAL Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator-Like Protein Hyaluronan Binding Protein 2 Hyaluronan-Binding Protein 2 Hyaluronic Acid Binding Protein NMTC5 PHBP Plasma Hyaluronan Binding Protein Plasma Hyaluronan-Binding Protein HRAS (HRas Proto-Oncogene, GTPase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HRAS include Costello Syndrome and Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Gastric cancer and Cytoskeleton remodeling_RalA regulation pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding and protein C-terminus binding. An important paralog of this gene is NRAS. C17060 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=HRAS&keywords=HRAS C-BAS/HAS C-H-RAS C-H-Ras C-HA-RAS1 C-Has/Bas P21 Protein C-K-Ras C-Ki-Ras C-Ras-Ki-2 Activated Oncogene CTLO GTP- And GDP-Binding Peptide B GTPase HRas GTPase KRas H-RASIDX H-Ras-1 HAMSV HRAS1 HRas Proto-Oncogene, GTPase Ha-Ras Ha-Ras1 Proto-Oncoprotein Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncoprotein K-Ras 2 KRAS KRAS2 Ki-Ras P19 H-RasIDX Protein P21ras RASH1 RASK2 Ras Family Small GTP Binding Protein H-Ras Transformation Gene: Oncogene HAMSV Transforming Protein P21 V-Ha-Ras Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 嗜好 Basic behavioral studies designed to strengthen the understanding of the determinants and processes that influence cancer-related risk behaviours C15942 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15942 Basic behavioral studies in cancer-related behaviors An autoimmune condition of the thyroid gland (a gland located beneath the larynx). It is caused by the formation of antibodies that attack the thyroid gland and it usually causes hypothyroidism (too little thyroid hormone). Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, depression, and the inability to exercise. It is more common in females and can run in families. 桥本甲状腺炎 An autoimmune disorder caused by the production of autoantibodies against thyroid tissue. There is progressive destruction of the thyroid follicles leading to hypothyroidism. C27191 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C27191 Autoimmune Thyroiditis;autoimmune thyroiditis Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Hashimoto Disease Hashimoto Thyroiditis Hashimoto disease Hashimoto thyroiditis Hashimoto's Disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Lymphocytic Thyroiditis autoimmune thyroiditis 皮肤改变 A question about whether an individual has or had noticed changes in their skin. C125146 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C125146 Changes in skin Have Changes in Skin Have Noticed New Changes in Skin I have noticed new changes in my skin (lumps, bumps, color) 心功能障碍 A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or the pericardium. Representative examples include endocarditis, pericarditis, atrial myxoma, cardiac myeloid sarcoma, and pericardial malignant mesothelioma. C3079 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3079 Heart Disease Heart Disorder Heart trouble 心衰 Inability of the heart to pump blood at an adequate rate to meet tissue metabolic requirements. Clinical symptoms of heart failure include: unusual dyspnea on light exertion, recurrent dyspnea occurring in the supine position, fluid retention or rales, jugular venous distension, pulmonary edema on physical exam, or pulmonary edema on chest x-ray presumed to be cardiac dysfunction. C50577 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50577 Cardiac Failure Cardiac Insufficiency Failure, Heart Heart Failure Heart failure Insufficiency, Cardiac 咯血 Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract. C3094 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3094 Coughing up Blood Hemoptysis hemoptysis 出血 The flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel. C26791 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26791 Bleeding HEMORRHAGE Hemorrhage hemorrhage 肝毒性 Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatotoxicity An inherited form of medullary thyroid cancer (cancer that forms in the cells of the thyroid that make the hormone calcitonin). 家族性甲状腺髓样癌 A medullary thyroid gland carcinoma inherited through an autosomal dominant mode. It is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (2a) or III (2b). C46099 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C46099 Familial Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma Hereditary Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Hereditary Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma familial medullary thyroid cancer 密度不均匀 A description of heterogeneous density elements seen in a tissue composition image obtained by sonography. C69214 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C69214 Heterogeneous Echotexture 高分子量角蛋白 is a Immunohistochemical Markers Useful for the Diagnosis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2012.0302?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is almost certain. The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is almost certain. C102401 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C102401 HIGH RISK High Risk 高度可疑恶性 Solid hypoechoic nodule or solid hypoechoic component of a partially cystic nodule with one or more of the following features: irregular margins (infiltrative, microlobulated), microcalcifications, taller than wide shape, rim calcifications with small extrusive soft tissue component, evidence of extrathyroidal extension https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0002961017313673?scrollTo=%23tbl1 高侵袭性甲状腺乳头状癌 the type of papillary thyroid carcinoma has highly aggressive feature https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781437715347000277?scrollTo=%23hl0002800 The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. 组织学 The study of the structure of the cells and their arrangement to constitute tissues and, finally, the association among these to form organs. In pathology, the microscopic process of identifying normal and abnormal morphologic characteristics in tissues, by employing various cytochemical and immunocytochemical stains. C16681 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16681 Histology histology microanatomy 平头钉变异型 A rare variant of papillary thyroid gland carcinoma in which more than 30% of cells have hobnail features. (WHO 2017) C156050 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C156050 Hobnail Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma 密度均匀 The quality or state of being similar or comparable in kind or nature or of being uniform throughout in composition or structure. C61365 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61365 Homogeneity Homogeneous Horner综合征 Horner syndrome is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the disruption of a nerve pathway from the brain to the face and eye on one side of the body. Typically, Horner syndrome results in a decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/horner-syndrome/.../syc-20373547 A U-shaped bone supporting the tongue. This bone is located at the base of the tongue and is suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments. (NCI) 舌骨 A U-shaped bone supporting the tongue. This bone is located at the base of the tongue and is suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments. C32752 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C32752 HYOID BONE Hyoid Bone 高回声 A radiologic finding describing a region in an image with a signal higher than that of the surrounding regions. C113199 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C113199 Hyperechoic Focus A blood pressure of 140/90 or higher. High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. It can harm the arteries and cause an increase in the risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, and blindness. 高血压 Blood pressure that is abnormally high. C3117 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3117 Blood Pressure, High Blood Pressure, Increased HTN High Blood Pressure High blood pressure Hypertension;hypertension Increased Blood Pressure Pressure, High Blood Vascular Hypertensive Disorder high blood pressure Increased secretion of thyroid hormone(s) by the thyroid gland. 甲状腺功能亢进症 Overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased metabolic rate. Causes include diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (Graves' disease), single nodule in the thyroid gland, and thyroiditis. The symptoms are related to the increased metabolic rate and include weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, insomnia, muscle weakness, and tremor. C3123 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3123 Hyperthyroidism Overactive Thyroid hyperthyroidism overactive thyroid 低钙血症 Lower than normal levels of calcium in the circulating blood. C37973 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C37973 Hypocalcemia 低回声 A radiologic finding describing a region in an image with a signal lower than that of the surrounding regions. C113127 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C113127 Hypoechoic Focus 舌下神经损伤 Hypoglossal nerve injuries can range from subtle deficits to sequelae with a significant impact on quality of life that can affect swallowing and airway functions. Although the potential for traumatic and surgical injury has been noted for a long time, the past several decades have witnessed several advances in surgical management for this injury that serve to minimize its effects. Nonetheless, injury is serious, and early recognition is essential for initiating appropriate management. Although varying by etiology, hypoglossal nerve palsy generally has a poor prognosis, particularly if the nerve has been transected and is not immediately repaired. One retrospective analysis of 1000 patients reported that only 15% of patients experienced significant recovery (Keane, 1996). https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hypoglossal-nerve-injury 甲状旁腺功能减退症 An endocrine disorder characterized by decreased production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. It is usually caused by damage of the parathyroid glands during head and neck surgery. Signs and symptoms include muscle cramps, abdominal pain, dry skin, brittle nails, cataracts, tetany, and convulsions. C78350 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C78350 Hypoparathyroidism 呼吸不全 Hypopnea is overly shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate. Hypopnea is defined by some to be less severe than apnea (the complete cessation of breathing), while other researchers have discovered hypopnea to have a ""similar if not indistinguishable impact"" on the negative outcomes of sleep breathing disorders. In sleep clinics, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome is normally diagnosed based on the frequent presence of apneas and/or hypopneas rather than differentiating between the two phenomena. Hypopnea is typically defined by a decreased amount of air movement into the lungs and can cause oxygen levels in the blood to drop. It commonly is due to partial obstruction of the upper airway. Hypopnea during sleep is classed as a sleep disorder. With moderate to severe hypopnea, sleep is disturbed such that patients may get a full night's sleep but still not feel rested because they did not get the right kind of sleep. The disruption in breathing causes a drop in blood oxygen level, which may in turn disrupt the stages of sleep. Daytime hypopnea events, however, are mostly limited to those with severely compromised respiratory muscles, as occurs in certain neuromuscular diseases or compromised central respiratory drive, as occurs in conditions such as acquired or congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (ACHS or CCHS). Daytime hypopnea can also cause a drop in blood oxygen level. (Wikipedia） https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopnea Reduced secretion of thyroid hormone(s) by the thyroid gland. 甲状腺功能减退症 Abnormally low levels of thyroid hormone. C26800 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26800 Hypothyroidism hypothyroidism underactive thyroid III区淋巴结清扫 Level III is the midjugular group, which includes lymph nodes around the middle third of the internal jugular vein from the hyoid bone up to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage. The anterior and posterior borders are the same as those for level II. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323415187000110?scrollTo=%23hl0001552 II区淋巴结清扫 Level II is the upper jugular group, which includes lymph nodes around the upper third of the internal jugular vein and the upper part of the spinal accessory nerve, extending from the base of the skull up to the bifurcation of the carotid artery or to the level of the hyoid bone. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323415187000110?scrollTo=%23hl0001552 IV区淋巴结清扫 Level IV is the lower jugular group, which includes lymph nodes around the lower third of the internal jugular vein from the inferior border of cricoid cartilage up to the clavicle. The anterior and posterior borders are the same as those for levels II and III. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323415187000110?scrollTo=%23hl0001552 可能性肠梗阻 Decrease in peristalsis in the absence of a mechanical bowel obstruction. C37979 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C37979 Ileus Possible intestinal obstraction ileus 增加左旋甲状腺素的需求量 giving more doses of LT4 to maintain the TSH suppressive therapy Cannot distinguish between two or more possible values in the current context. 良恶性待定的 Cannot distinguish between two or more possible values in the current context. C48658 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48658 Cannot Be Determined INDETERMINATE Inconclusive Indeterminate Unable to Determine A response that is neither favorable nor unfavorable. 不确定性反应 A response that is neither favorable nor unfavorable. C123589 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C123589 INDETERMINATE RESPONSE Indeterminate Response 感染 The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents and their multiplication, as well as the reaction by the host to these organisms and/or toxins that the organisms produce. C128320 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C128320 Infection 甲状腺下动脉 The inferior thyroid artery is an artery in the neck. It arises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and longus colli muscle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_thyroid_artery 甲状腺下静脉 The inferior thyroid veins appear two, frequently three or four, in number, and arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. While the superior and middle thyroid veins serve as direct tributaries to the internal jugular vein, the inferior thyroid veins drain directly to the brachiocephalic veins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_thyroid_veins 炎性浸润 A microscopic finding indicating the presence of acute, subacute or chronic inflammation in a tissue sample. C35978 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35978 Inflammatory Infiltrate 初始风险分层体系 the ATA initial risk stratification system was a three-tiered system in which clinico-pathologic features available at the time of initial treatment were used to classify DTC patients as having either low, intermediate, or high risk of either recurrence or persistent disease. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 孤立癌 Insular carcinoma is a little-known thyroid cancer, characterized by the presence of well-defined nidi of small uniform cells with frequent areas of tumor necrosis and microfollicles with thyroglobulin. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9809566 岛状甲状腺乳头状癌 Insular carcinoma was named for the clusters of cells that contain small follicles resembling pancreatic islet cells. 185 These tumors are very rare and manifest as an independent lesion or concomitantly with papillary or follicular thyroid carcinomas. These cells stain with thyroglobulin antibodies but not for calcitonin. Typically, capsular and vascular invasion is present at the time of diagnosis. https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455746965001238?scrollTo=%23hl0001627 An advanced form of 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT) that involves the use of varying intensities of small radiation beams to produce dosage distributions that are more precise than those possible with 3D CRT. (NCI) 调强放射治疗 An advanced form of 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT) that involves the use of varying intensities of small radiation beams to produce dosage distributions that are more precise than those possible with 3D CRT. C16135 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16135 IMRT INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY Intensity Modulated RT Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy intensity-modulated radiation therapy The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is moderate. The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is moderate. C102402 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C102402 INTERMEDIATE RISK Intermediate Risk 恶性可疑性不确定 Hypoechoic solid nodule with smooth margins without microcalcifications, extrathyroidal extension, or taller than wide shape https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0002961017313673?scrollTo=%23tbl1 内支 The superior laryngeal nerve has two branches: an internal branch that supplies sensory fibers to the larynx https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001962 肠穿孔 A rupture in the wall of the small or large intestine due to traumatic or pathologic processes. C39611 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C39611 Bowel Perforation Intestinal Perforation Perforation of Intestine 瘤内纤维化 Intratumoral fibrosis is a characteristic component of fiberolamellar carcinoma and is found in essentially all primary tumors and in many metastatic tumors. 检查 The act or process of a systematic and thorough examination; research, study; the process of inquiring into or following up, intended to develop facts. C41198 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C41198 Investigation Report A radioactive substance that is used in imaging tests, and is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of radiopharmaceutical. 碘131诊断成像 An I 131 radioiodinated synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Iobenguane localizes to adrenergic tissue and, in radioiodinated forms, may be used to image or eradicate tumor cells that take up and metabolize norepinephrine. C970 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C970 (131)I-MIBG 131I-MIBG I 131 Meta-iodobenzylguanidine I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine IOBENGUANE I-131 Iobenguane I 131 Iobenguane I-131 Iodine I 131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine MIBG I-131 iodine I 131 metaiodobenzylguanidine 低碘饮食 C157895 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C157895 Iodine Deficiency LID Low iodine diet 碘123诊断成像 A radiopharmaceutical containing the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist iodobenzamide (IBZM) labeled with the radionuclide iodine I 123 with dopamine receptor-binding and radioisotopic activities. Upon administration, iodine I 123 iodobenzamide binds to dopamine D2/D3 receptors; subsequently, tissues expressing these receptors can be visualized using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Dopamine receptors are a class of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors found in the central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine tumors such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. C85461 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C85461 123I-IBZM Iodine I 123 Iodobenzamide 高碘饮食 Intakes of up to 600 μg per day in the European Union and 1100 μg per day in the United States are declared as tolerable for adults https://www-sciencedirect-com-mc.vtrus.net/science/article/pii/S1521690X0900102X HID 同侧颈部清扫术 Ipsi-PCND included the removal of prelaryngeal, pretracheal, and the paratracheal nodal basin on the ipsilateral side to the tumor https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0039606012005223 Treated with radiation. 放射史 Treatment with radiation, generally meaning exposure to ionizing radiation or radiation of wavelengths shorter than those of visible light. C28365 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C28365 Irradiated Irradiation irradiated 局部缺血性心脏病 A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries, to obstruction by a thrombus, or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction). C50625 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50625 Disease, Ischemic Heart Heart Disease, Ischemic IHD Ischemic Heart Disease 岛样 one of Ultrasonographic features of calcification in thyroid cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 等回声 Referring to echo similarity of 2 or more tissues as measured by ultrasonography, see there. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/isoechoic 等回声海绵状 nodules with a isoechoic spongiform appearance, generally described as multiple microcytic areas that occupy more than 50% of the nodule volume, and have a very low risk of malignancy https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0033838919300016 One of the veins of the neck; in general it arises from the junction of the maxillary and linguofacial veins and drains into the brachiocephalic or the cranial caval vein. 颈静脉 Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins. C12738 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12738 大转移 characteristics of the lymph node metastases can further discriminate the risk of recurrence to the patient, especially in patients with clinically evident metastasis, multiple metastases, larger metastases, and/or extracapsular nodal extension, compared with those withmore limited microscopic nodal disease https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 喉测试 Only routine pre- and postoperative laryngoscopy will allow surgeons to make informed decisions and to assess objectively the impact of the operation on VC function. Laryngoscopy both preoperatively and postoperatively should become part of the full assessment of all patients undergoing thyroid surgery, as this is the only reliable way to accurately determine the quality of the outcome as it relates to RLN injury. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781437722277000150?scrollTo=%233-s2.0-B9781437722277000150-f15-02-9781437722277 喉镜检查 Endoscopic examination of the larynx. C16781 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16781 Laryngoscopy laryngoscopy Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation or eradication of a body part, pathway or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. (NCI) 激光消融 Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. C111241 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C111241 ABLATION, LASER Laser Ablation Photoablation 侧区淋巴结清扫术 he terms functional neck dissection , lateral neck dissection , and compartment-oriented neck dissection may be used interchangeably with modified radical neck dissection . Some centers advocate dissection of only those levels of the neck documented to contain biopsy-proven disease or at highest risk of containing disease (i.e., levels III–IV or levels II–IV); however, dissection of levels IIA to VB offers patients the best opportunity for removal of macroscopic disease that could result in recurrence. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323376914001452?scrollTo=%23hl0000135 The cone-like lobe of the thyroid gland that is located in the left side of the trachea. (NCI) 左叶 The cone-like lobe of the thyroid gland that is located in the left side of the trachea. C32973 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C32973 Lefe Thyroid Gland Lobe Left Lobe THYROID GLAND LEFT LOBE 乐伐替尼 A synthetic, orally available inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR/FLK-1) tyrosine kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Lenvatinib blocks VEGFR2 activation by VEGF, resulting in inhibition of the VEGF receptor signal transduction pathway, decreased vascular endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. C95124 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C95124 6-Quinolinecarboxamide, 4-[3-chloro-4-[[(cyclopropylamino)carbonyl]amino]phenoxy]- 7-methoxy-E7080 ER-203492-00 LENVATINIB Lenvatinib Multi-Kinase Inhibitor E7080 白细胞减少症 A laboratory test result indicating a decreased number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood. C26816 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26816 Leukocytopenia Leukopenia White blood cell decreased leukopenia 左旋甲状腺素 A synthetic levoisomer of thyroxine (T4), similar to the endogenous hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is de-iodinated to form triiodothyronine (T3) in the peripheral tissues. T3 enters the cell and binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, and the hormone-receptor complex in turn triggers gene expression and produces proteins required in the regulation of cellular respiration, thermogenesis, cellular growth and differentiation, and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. T4 and T3 also possess cardiac stimulatory effect. C62080 (-)-Thyroxine L-Thyroxine LEVOTHYROXINE Levothyroxine https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C62080 生活方式 A manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes. C16795 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16795 Lifestyle 锂联合碘131治疗 Lithium inhibits iodine release from the thyroid without impairing iodine uptake, thus enhancing 131I retention in normal thyroid and tumor cells https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 位置 A position, site, or point in space where something can be found. C25341 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25341 LOC Location 食欲下降 A question about whether an individual has or had a loss of appetite. C113630 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C113630 I have a loss of appetite Loss of Appetite The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is small. 低风险 The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is small. C102403 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C102403 LOW RISK Low Risk 低度可疑恶性 Isoechoic or hyperechoic solid nodule, or partially cystic nodule with eccentric solid areas, without microcalcification, irregular margin or extrathyroidal extension, or taller than wide shape. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0002961017313673?scrollTo=%23tbl1 甲状腺最下动脉 The thyroid ima artery (thyroidea ima artery, arteria thyroidea ima, thyroid artery of Neubauer or the lowest thyroid artery) is an artery of the head and neck. It is an anatomical variant that, when present, supplies blood to the thyroid gland primarily, or the trachea, the parathyroid gland and the thymus gland (as thymica accessoria) in rare cases. It has also been reported to be a compensatory artery when one or both of the inferior thyroid arteries are absent and in a few cases the only source of blood to the thyroid gland. It varies in origin, size, blood supply, and termination, and occurs in only 3–10% of the population. Because of the variations and rarity, it may lead to surgical complications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_ima_artery 淋巴结清扫术 Surgical removal of lymph nodes, usually done to assess the spread of cancer. C15275 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15275 Lymph Node Dissection Lymph Node Neck Dissection performed Lymphadenectomy excision of the lymph node lymph node dissection lymph node excision lymphadenectomy M0期 A distant metastasis TNM finding indicating that there is no evidence of distant metastasis. C48699 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48699 M0 M0 Cancer Stage Finding M0 Distant Metastasis Finding M0 Distant Metastasis Stage Finding M0 Metastasis Finding M0 Metastasis Stage M0 Stage M0 Stage Finding M0 TNM Finding Metastasis Stage M0 M1期 A clinical and/or pathologic distant metastasis TNM finding indicating the spread of cancer to distant anatomic sites. C48700 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48700 M1 M1 Cancer Stage Finding M1 Distant Metastasis Finding M1 Distant Metastasis Stage Finding M1 Metastasis Finding M1 Metastasis Stage M1 Stage M1 Stage Finding M1 TNM Finding Metastasis Stage M1 丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. C38834 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C38834 MAPK Signaling Pathway MEK激酶抑制剂 A MEK inhibitor is a chemical or drug that inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase enzymes MEK1 and/or MEK2. They can be used to affect the MAPK/ERK pathway which is often overactive in some cancers. (See MAPK/ERK pathway#Clinical significance.) (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEK_inhibitor MINPP1 (Multiple Inositol-Polyphosphate Phosphatase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MINPP1 include Thyroid Cancer, Nonmedullary, 2 and Familial Papillary Or Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. Among its related pathways are Synthesis of IPs in the ER lumen and Inositol phosphate metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include phosphatase activity. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MINPP1&keywords=MINPP1 2,3-BPG Phosphatase 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 3-Phosphatase EC 3.1.3.62 EC 3.1.3.80 HIPER1 Inositol (1,3,4,5)-Tetrakisphosphate 3-Phosphatase Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) 3-Phosphatase MINPP2 MIPP Multiple Inositol Polyphosphate Histidine Phosphatase, 1 Multiple Inositol Polyphosphate Phosphatase 1 Multiple Inositol Polyphosphate Phosphatase 2 Multiple Inositol-Polyphosphate Phosphatase 1 A type of magnetic resonance imaging that is used to construct images of blood vessels. 磁共振血管成像 An image of blood vessels constructed using magnetic resonance imaging. C114867 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C114867 MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY MRA MRI-Based Angiogram Magnetic Resonance Angiogram 髓样癌的临床表现 Clinical manifestations of MTC https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 雷帕霉素靶蛋白 This gene plays a role in apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C38928 C38928 MTOR MTOR Gene Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Gene MUTYH (MutY DNA Glycosylase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MUTYH include Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 2 and Pilomatrixoma. Among its related pathways are Telomere C-strand (Lagging Strand) Synthesis and Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include hydrolase activity and hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds. An important paralog of this gene is NTHL1. C61056 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MUTYH&keywords=MUTYH A/G-Specific Adenine DNA Glycosylase Adenine DNA Glycosylase EC 3.2.2 EC 3.2.2.31 HMYH MYH MutY DNA Glycosylase MutY Homolog MutY Homolog (E. Coli) MutY-Like Protein MX期 A distant metastasis TNM finding indicating that the status of distant metastasis cannot be assessed. C48704 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48704 MX MX Cancer Stage Finding MX Distant Metastasis Finding MX Distant Metastasis Stage Finding MX Metastasis Finding MX Metastasis Stage MX Stage MX Stage Finding MX TNM Finding Metastasis Stage MX M分期 One criteria of the TNM staging system. M refers to the presence of metastasis. C25727 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25727 M M Category M Classification M Stage 粗大钙化 A small deposit of calcium in the breast that cannot be felt but can be seen on a mammogram. It is usually caused by aging, an old injury, or inflamed tissue and is usually not related to cancer. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/macrocalcification Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. 磁共振成像 Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. C16809 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16809 MRI MRI Scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR Imaging NMRI Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging magnetic resonance imaging nuclear magnetic resonance imaging 主要临床表现 Clinical main manifestations of thyroid cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed Refers to abnormal cell activity manifested by decreased control over growth and function, causing tumor growth or spread into surrounding tissue and adverse effects to the host. 恶性的 Refers to abnormal cell activity manifested by decreased control over growth and function, causing tumor growth or spread into surrounding tissue and adverse effects to the host. C14143 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14143 MALIGNANT Malignant malignant 马凡综合征体形 Marfanoid (or Marfanoid habitus) is a constellation of symptoms resembling those of Marfan syndrome, including long limbs, with an arm span that exceeds the height of the individual, and a crowded oral maxilla, sometimes with a high arch in the palate, arachnodactyly, and hyperlaxity.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfanoid 边缘 A boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary. C25563 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25563 Margin Marginal A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. 婚姻状况 A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. C25188 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25188 MARISTAT MaritaStatusUB92 Marital Status Marital or partnership status 气管或颈部结构的固定肿块 Locally invasive primary tumors may be associated with characteristic signs and symptoms https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 纵隔淋巴结清扫 Complete mediastinal lymph node dissection refers to the routine complete removal of all mediastinal tissue as described by the authors. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1895005-overview 角膜神经纤维髓质化 These typical phenotypic features of MEN 2B include proximal muscle weakness https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 月经周期 The Menstrual Cycle involves regularly recurring hormonal changes and physiologic endometrial changes during the reproductive period in human females, and some primates, and culminates in partial sloughing of the endometrium (menstruation) in the absence of fertilization. For most women, one cycle takes 28 days. C16838 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16838 Menstrual Cycle menstrual cycle 月经量 The average volume of menstrual fluid during a monthly menstrual period is 35 milliliters (2.4 tablespoons of menstrual fluid) with 10–80 milliliters (1–6 tablespoons of menstrual fluid) considered typical. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation C34815 Category of disorders related to menstruation. 月经史 A category of conditions related to menses. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C34815 Menstrual Disorder Menstrual Problem 转移 The spread or migration of cancer cells from one part of the body (the organ in which it first appeared) to another. The secondary tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. C19151 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C19151 Metastasis Metastasize Tumor Cell Migration metastasis metastasize 淋巴结转移 The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lymph nodes. C4904 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C4904 Metastases to Lymph Nodes Metastasis to Lymph Node Metastastic Neoplasm to the Lymph Node Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in Lymph Nodes Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Lymph Nodes Regional lymph node(metastasis) 骨转移 The spread of a malignant neoplasm from a primary site to the skeletal system. The majority of metastatic neoplasms to the bone are carcinomas. C3580 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3580 Bone Metastases Bone Metastasis Metastases to bone, NOS Metastatic Cancer to the Bone Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Bone Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Bone Metastatic Neoplasm to the Bone Metastatic Tumor to the Bone bone metastasis 脑转移 A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the brain from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas). C3813 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3813 Brain Metastases Brain Metastasis Metast. to brain parenchyma, NOS Metastases to brain parenchyma, NOS Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Brain Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain Metastatic Tumor to the Brain brain metastasis 肝转移 A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the liver from another (primary) anatomic site. Such malignant neoplasms may be carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, or sarcomas. C4758 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C4758 Liver Metastases Liver Metastasis Metastases to liver, NOS Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Liver Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Liver Metastatic Neoplasm to the Liver Metastatic Tumor to the Liver liver metastasis 肺转移 The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lung. This may be from a primary lung malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site. C3577 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3577 Lung Metastases;lung metastasis Metastases to Lung Metastases to lung, NOS Metastasis to Lung Metastasis to the Lung Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Lung Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Lung Metastatic Neoplasm to the Lung Metastatic Tumor to the Lung Pulmonary Metastasis 纵膈转移 The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the mediastinum from an adjacent or distant anatomic site. C3578 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3578 Metastases to Mediastinum Metastases to the Mediastinum Metastasis to the Mediastinum Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Mediastinum Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Mediastinum Metastatic Neoplasm to the Mediastinum Metastatic Tumor to the Mediastinum 微小钙化 Tiny deposits of calcium in tissue. In the breast they can be seen using mammography, and if found in clusters may be indicative of breast cancer. C8433 Microcalcification https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C8433 microcalcification 微波消融 A treatment modality that uses directed electromagnetic waves within the microwave spectrum to heat the targeted tissue for the purpose of causing tissue necrosis within solid tissue tumors. C116643 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C116643 Microwave Ablation 甲状腺中静脉 The middle thyroid vein (Latin: vena thyreoidea media) collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_thyroid_vein CT血管造影 Computed tomography angiography (also called CT angiography or CTA) is a computed tomography technique used to visualize arterial and venous vessels throughout the body. Using contrast injected into the blood vessels, images are created to look for blockages, aneurysms (dilations of walls), dissections (tearing of walls), and stenosis (narrowing of vessel). CTA can be used to visualize the vessels of the heart, the aorta and other large blood vessels, the lungs, the kidneys, the head and neck, and the arms and legs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography_angiography CTA 多灶性 A lesion arising from or having many locations C36180 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C36180 Multifocal Lesion 多发性内分泌腺瘤病2型 Multiple endocrine neoplasia caused by mutation of the RET gene. It includes the following neoplastic processes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, and hereditary thyroid gland medullary carcinoma. C123329 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C123329 MEN-2 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 多发性内分泌腺瘤病2A型/Sipple综合征 Multiple endocrine neoplasia caused by mutation of the RET gene. Patients develop medullary thyroid carcinomas, and may also develop pheochromocytomas and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. C3226 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3226 MEA Type 2a MEA Type II MEN 2A MEN Type 2a MEN Type II Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis Type 2A Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis Type 2a Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis Type II Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis, Type II Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type II Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type II 多发性内分泌腺瘤病2B型 Multiple endocrine neoplasia caused by mutation of the RET gene. Patients develop medullary thyroid carcinomas and numerous neural defects including neuromas. C3227 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3227 MEN 2B MEN IIB MEN Type 2B MEN Type IIB Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis Type IIB Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type IIB Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type III Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type III 多发性转移 characteristics of the lymph node metastases can further discriminate the risk of recurrence to the patient, especially in patients with clinically evident metastasis, multiple metastases, larger metastases, and/or extracapsular nodal extension, compared with those withmore limited microscopic nodal disease https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 唇、舌前外侧表面和结膜神经瘤 C6559 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C6559 Multiple Mucosal Neuromas 肌肉骨骼畸形 Congenital or acquired deformity of the musculoskeletal system. C78488 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C78488 Musculoskeletal Deformity Musculoskeletal deformity N0期 A regional lymph node TNM finding indicating that there is no evidence of regional lymph node metastasis. C48705 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48705 Lymph Node Stage N0 N0 N0 Cancer Stage Finding N0 Lymph Node Finding N0 Lymph Node Stage N0 Node Finding N0 Node Stage N0 Regional Lymph Node Stage Finding N0 Regional Lymph Nodes Finding N0 Stage N0 Stage Finding N0 TNM Finding Node Stage N0 N0a期 N0b期 N1期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of cancer metastases usually in a limited number of regional lymph nodes. The definition of N1 TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for breast cancer it refers to micrometastases or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; for cutaneous melanoma it refers to metastasis in 1 regional lymph node; for colorectal cancer it refers to metastases in 1-3 regional lymph nodes; and for bladder cancer it refers to metastasis in 1 regional lymph node in the true pelvis. C48706 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48706 Lymph Node Stage N1 N1 N1 Cancer Stage Finding N1 Lymph Node Finding N1 Lymph Node Stage N1 Node Finding N1 Node Stage N1 Regional Lymph Node Stage Finding N1 Regional Lymph Nodes Finding N1 Stage N1 Stage Finding N1 TNM Finding Node Stage N1 N1a期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of cancer metastases usually in a limited number of regional lymph nodes. The definition of N1a TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for breast cancer it refers to metastasis in 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes (at least 1 tumor deposit greater than 2.0 mm); for cutaneous melanoma it refers to micrometastasis in one regional lymph node; for colorectal cancer it refers to metastasis in one regional lymph node. C48707 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48707 Lymph Node Stage N1a N1a N1a Cancer Stage Finding N1a Lymph Node Finding N1a Lymph Node Stage N1a Node Finding N1a Node Stage N1a Regional Lymph Node Stage Finding N1a Regional Lymph Nodes Finding N1a Stage N1a Stage Finding N1a TNM Finding Node Stage N1a N1b期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of cancer metastases usually in a limited number of regional lymph nodes. The definition of N1b TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for breast cancer it refers to metastases in internal mammary lymph nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected; for cutaneous melanoma it refers to macrometastasis in one regional lymph node; for colorectal cancer it refers to metastasis in 2-3 regional lymph nodes. C48708 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48708 Lymph Node Stage N1b N1b N1b Cancer Stage Finding N1b Lymph Node Finding N1b Lymph Node Stage N1b Node Finding N1b Node Stage N1b Regional Lymph Node Stage Finding N1b Regional Lymph Nodes Finding N1b Stage N1b Stage Finding N1b TNM Finding Node Stage N1b NDUFA13 (NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit A13) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NDUFA13 include Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency, Nuclear Type 28 and Thyroid Carcinoma, Hurthle Cell. Among its related pathways are Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. and GABAergic synapse. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity and NADH dehydrogenase activity. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NDUFA13&keywords=NDUFA13 B16.6 CDA016 CGI-39 CI-B16.6 Cell Death Regulatory Protein GRIM-19 Cell Death-Regulatory Protein GRIM19 Complex I B16.6 Subunit Complex I-B16.6 GRIM-19 GRIM19 Gene Associated With Retinoic And IFN-Induced Mortality 19 Protein Gene Associated With Retinoic And Interferon-Induced Mortality 19 Protein MC1DN28 NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) 1 Alpha Subcomplex, 13 NADH Dehydrogenase [Ubiquinone] 1 Alpha Subcomplex Subunit 13 NADH-Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase B16.6 Subunit NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit A13 NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NKX2-1 include Choreoathetosis And Congenital Hypothyroidism With Or Without Pulmonary Dysfunction and Chorea, Benign Hereditary. Among its related pathways are Mesodermal Commitment Pathway and Neuroscience. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and enzyme binding. An important paralog of this gene is NKX2-4. C73443 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NKX2-1&keywords=NKX2-1 BCH BHC Benign Chorea Homeobox Protein NK-2 Homolog A Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.1 NK-2 NK-2 Homolog A NK2 Homeobox 1 NKX2.1 NKX2A NMTC1 T/EBP TEBP TITF1 TTF-1 TTF1 Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Thyroid-Specific Enhancer-Binding Protein NRAS (NRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NRAS include Ras-Associated Autoimmune Leukoproliferative Disorder and Melanocytic Nevus Syndrome, Congenital. Among its related pathways are Gastric cancer and Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding. An important paralog of this gene is HRAS. C25786 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NRAS&keywords=NRAS ALPS4 CMNS GTPase NRas HRAS1 N-Ras N-Ras Protein Part 4 NCMS NRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase NRAS1 NS6 Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog Transforming Protein N-Ras V-Ras Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog NTRK1 (Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NTRK1 include Insensitivity To Pain, Congenital, With Anhidrosis and Thyroid Carcinoma, Familial Medullary. Among its related pathways are GPCR Pathway and Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and protein kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is NTRK3. C18551 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NTRK1&keywords=NTRK1 EC 2.7.10 EC 2.7.10.1 Gp140trk High Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor MTC Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1 Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 1 Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase, Receptor, Type 1 Oncogene TRK P140-TrkA TRK TRK1 TRK1-Transforming Tyrosine Kinase Protein TRKA Trk-A Tropomyosin-Related Kinase A Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Receptor A NX期 A regional lymph node TNM finding indicating that the status of regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. C48718 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48718 Lymph Node Stage NX NX NX Cancer Stage Finding NX Lymph Node Finding NX Lymph Node Stage NX Node Finding NX Node Stage NX Regional Lymph Node Stage Finding NX Regional Lymph Nodes Finding NX Stage NX Stage Finding NX TNM Finding Node Stage NX N分期 One criteria of the TNM staging system. N refers to the extent of lymph node involvement. C25580 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25580 N N Category N Classification N Stage 鼻泪管阻塞 Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct and may be either congenital or acquired. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasolacrimal_duct_obstruction System of classification based on nation from which a person originates, regardless of the nation in which he/she currently resides. 民族 System of classification based on nation from which a person originates, regardless of the nation in which he/she currently resides. C28407 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C28407 NATORIG nationality 恶心 Upper abdominal discomfort associated with an urge to vomit. C3258 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3258 Nausea nausea 颈部包块 An abnormal growth in the neck. C35160 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35160 Neck Lump Neck Mass 颈疼痛 Painful sensation in the neck area. C50663 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50663 Neck Pain Neck pain Pain In Neck Pain, Neck 细针穿刺活检 The removal of a tissue sample using a needle with a relatively large diameter, for microscopic examination. C15680 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15680 Core Biopsy Core Needle Biopsy core biopsy core needle biopsy 肿瘤骨和软骨 Neoplastic bone and cartilage may also be identified in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2012.0302?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed The formation of new blood vessels. 血供 The formation of new or recent blood vessels. The vasculature network is critical to the development of neoplasms. As the tumor burden grows, vascular endothelial cells are recruited to form new blood vessels as an increased demand for blood and nourishment is required. C16900 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16900 NEOVASCULARIZATION Neoangiogenesis Neovascularization Neovascularization, Pathologic Vascularization 神经损伤 Injury to nervous tissue. C50669 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50669 Damage To Nerve(s) Nerve Damage Nerve Injury Goiter characterized by discrete tissue mass(es) that may or may not produce thyroid hormones. 甲状腺肿 Goiter characterized by discrete tissue mass(es) that may or may not produce thyroid hormones. C131437 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C131437 Nodular Goiter Nodular Hyperplasia 结节大小 Ultrasound should evaluate the following: thyroid parenchyma(homogeneous or heterogeneous) and gland size; size, location, zand sonographic characteristics of any nodule(s); the presence or absence of any suspicious cervical lymph nodes in the central or lateral compartments. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 无法诊断的 C0679837 https://ncim.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI Metathesaurus&code=C0679837 nondiagnosis underdiagnosis undiagnosed disorder unrecognized disorder 味觉改变 A question about whether an individual notices or noticed a change in the way food tastes. C104934 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C104934 Change in the way food tastes Changes in taste Have Change in the Way Food Tastes I have had a change in the way food tastes Notice Change in the Way Food Tastes A measurement of the total number of birth events experienced by a female. 生产数 A measurement of the total number of birth events experienced by a female. C158275 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C158275 BRTHN Number of Births A measurement of the total number of pregnancy events experienced by a female. 妊娠数 A measurement of the total number of pregnancy events experienced by the female subject. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C106551 Number of Pregnancies PREGNN Total Number of Pregnancies A code specifying the job performed by the employee for the employer. For example, accountant, programmer analyst, patient care associate, staff nurse, etc. 职业 The principal activity that a person does to earn money. C25193 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25193 EMPJOB Employee Job Job OCCUPATION Occupation 持续的危险分层 A process in which case managers assign clients to risk groups upon or after they access a healthcare practice setting or enrollment in a health insurance plan and perhaps are receiving care. Case managers in this case update the risk stratification level of the client using administrative data such as claims data or assessments such as the health risk assessment (HRA) and various screening tools. https://www.cmbodyofknowledge.com/content/ongoing-risk-stratification 破骨细胞样巨细胞 Peculiar microscopic picture of round or spindle shaped mononucleated stromal cells admixed with multinucleated giant cells；Likely represents a reactive lesion of mesenchymal ovarian stromal cells stimulated by substances in associated tumor or cyst, with monocytic / macrophage origin；Mostly associated with mucinous cyst, rarely with serous / hemorrhagic cysts ；Benign clinical course, without recurrence or metastasis http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorosteoclastlike.html A condition of reduced bone mass, with decreased cortical thickness and a decrease in the number and size of the trabeculae of cancellous bone (but normal chemical composition), resulting in increased fracture incidence. Osteoporosis is classified as primary (Type 1, postmenopausal osteoporosis; Type 2, age-associated osteoporosis; and idiopathic, which can affect juveniles, premenopausal women, and middle-aged men) and secondary osteoporosis (which results from an identifiable cause of bone mass loss). 骨质疏松症 C3298 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3298 Osteoporosis osteoporosis 其他诊断 Diagnostic results of low incidence of thyroid cancer 其他 配对盒基因8抗原 This gene is involved in thyroid development and transcriptional regulation. C97687 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C97687 PAX8 PAX8 Gene Paired Box 8 Gene 磷酸酶张力蛋白同系物基因 PTEN (Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTEN include Cowden Syndrome 1 and Macrocephaly/Autism Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Gastric cancer and VEGF Signaling Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein kinase binding and magnesium ion binding. An important paralog of this gene is TNS1. C18256 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PTEN&keywords=PTEN 10q23del BZS CWS1 DEC EC 3.1.3.16 EC 3.1.3.48 EC 3.1.3.67 GLM2 MHAM MMAC1 MMAC1 Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog Deleted On Chromosome 10 Mitochondrial PTENalpha Mitochondrial Phosphatase And Tensin Protein Alpha Mutated In Multiple Advanced Cancers 1 PTEN1 PTENbeta Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog Phosphatase And Tensin-Like Protein Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Phosphatase And Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase PTEN Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Phosphatase And Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase PTEN Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase TEP1 紫杉醇 A compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2). (NCI04) C1411 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C1411 5Beta,20-epoxy-1,2alpha,4,7beta,10beta,13alpha-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one, 4,10-Diacetate 2-Benzoate 13-Ester with (2R,3S)-N-Benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-1a,33,4,-41,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-41,8,-12,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca[3,4]benz[1,2-b]oxet-9-yl Ester Anzatax Asotax Bristaxol PACLITAXEL Paclitaxel Praxel Taxol Taxol Konzentrat [2aR-[2a Alpha,4beta,4a beta,6beta,9alpha(alphaR*,betaS*),-11alpha,12alpha,12a alpha,12b alpha]]-beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxybenzene-propanoic acid paclitaxel 姑息性手术 Surgery that does not alter the course of a disease, but improves the quality of life. C17883 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17883 Palliative Surgery 姑息性治疗 The patient- and family-centered active holistic care of patients with advanced, progressive disease. Essential components of palliative care are: pain and symptom control, communication regarding treatment and alternatives, prognosis, and available services, rehabilitation services, care that addresses treatment and palliative concerns, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual needs, terminal care, support in bereavement. The goal of palliative care is an achievement of the best quality of life for patients and their families. C15292 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15292 Comfort Care Palliative Care Palliative Therapy Palliative Treatment Symptom Management Symptoms Management comfort care palliation palliative care palliative therapy symptom management 心悸 An unpleasant sensation of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart. C37999 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C37999 Palpitation Palpitations palpitation 全景性淋巴结清扫 Panoramic dissection of cervical lymph nodes 甲状旁腺自体移植 Parathyroid autotransplantation involves taking parathyroid tissue and placing it into the muscle of either the neck or forearm. In cases where the autotransplant is made of hyperactive parathyroid tissue, it is usually placed in the arm for easy access in the future if it were to grow and overfunction. If some of the tissue has to be removed, this can be done very safely under local anesthesia without the risks of reoperating in the neck. Autotransplantation is usually done in re-operative cases or in cases of total parathyroidectomy for four gland hyperplasia. The parathyroid tissue is usually cut into 1 to 2 mm pieces and is placed in small pockets within the muscle. While the gland does not function immediately, it will develop a new blood supply and will typically start working within 4 to 6 weeks. The patient will need to take both calcium and calcitriol (Vitamin D) pills and occassionally intravenous (IV) calcium until the autotransplant starts working. http://endocrinediseases.org/parathyroid/surgery_autotransplantation.shtml 甲状旁腺功能 Parathyroid function tests is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the parathyroid. Parathyroid function tests may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive parathyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive parathyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either parathyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy. It is also requested routinely in conditions linked to parathyroid disease, such as atrial fibrillation and anxiety disorder. Endocrine gland, usually in close proximity to the thyroid gland, that produces parathyroid hormone. 甲状旁腺 One of two small paired endocrine glands, superior and inferior, usually found embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; these glands secrete parathyroid hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. The parenchyma is composed of chief and oxyphilic cells arranged in anastomosing cords. C12765 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12765 GLAND, PARATHYROID Head and Neck, Parathyroid PARATHYROID GLAND Parathyroid Parathyroid Gland parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺疾病 A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the parathyroid glands. Representative examples include hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, adenoma, and carcinoma. C26844 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26844 Parathyroid Gland Disease Parathyroid Gland Diseases Parathyroid Gland Disorder Parathyroid Gland Disorders 甲状旁腺激素 Parathyroid hormone (115 aa, ~13 kDa) is encoded by the human PTH gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of calcium ion and phosphate concentration in the blood. C41027 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C41027 PTH Parathormone Parathyrin Parathyroid Hormone Parathyroid Hormone 1 Prepro-PTH Preproparathyroid Hormone parathormone parathyrin parathyroid hormone 甲状腺实质 The tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g., connective tissue and blood vessels. C74601 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C74601 Parenchyma parenchyma 肠外营养 Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the feeding of specialist nutritional products to a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by specialist pharmaceutical compounding companies and are considered to be the highest risk pharmaceutical preparations available as the products cannot undergo any form of terminal sterilization. The person receives highly complex nutritional formulae that contain nutrients such as glucose, salts, amino acids, lipids and added vitamins and dietary minerals. It is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or total nutrient admixture (TNA) when no significant nutrition is obtained by other routes, and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) when nutrition is also partially enteric. It may be called peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) when administered through vein access in a limb rather than through a central vein as central venous nutrition (CVN). C67019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenteral_nutrition https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C67019 Parenteral Therapeutic Nutritional Supplementation 部分甲状腺切除术 Surgery involving partial excision of the thyroid gland. C51921 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C51921 Partial Thyroidectomy Subtotal Thyroidectomy 病理特点 the pathological characteristics of thyroid cancer are well identified by cytology, fine-needle aspiration is the most appropriate method for evaluating patients with nodules. In most cases, operative pathology is required to confirm the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and to determine the extent of disease. https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B978032352950100585X?scrollTo=%23hl0000132 病理分类 The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology has been used for nearly 25 years as a tool for coding diagnoses of neoplasms in tumor and cancer registrars and in pathology laboratories. ICD-O is a dual classification with coding systems for both topography and morphology. The topography code describes the site of origin of the neoplasm. The morphology code describes the characteristics of the tumor itself, including its cell type and biologic activity. (from Amazon.com) C37978 ICD-O International Classification of Diseases for Oncology 病理 The medical science, and specialty practice, concerned with all aspects of disease, but with special reference to the essential nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes that result from the disease processes. Informally used to mean the result of such an examination. C18189 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C18189 Pathological Pathology 病理学TNM分期 Thyroid Carcinoma TNM Finding v8 寡细胞变异型 Paucicellular carcinoma is a very rare variant of anaplastic carcinoma thyroid, which mimics reactive conditions of thyroid like Riedel disease and a fibrous variant of Hashimoto thyroiditis (FVHT). http://www.ccij-online.org/article.asp?issn=2278-0513;year=2016;volume=5;issue=1;spage=56;epage=58;aulast=Sharma 帕唑帕尼 A small molecule inhibitor of multiple protein tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Pazopanib selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR)-1, -2 and -3, c-kit and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), which may result in inhibition of angiogenesis in tumors in which these receptors are upregulated. C74547 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C74547 Benzenesulfonamide, 5-((4-((2,3-dimethyl-2H-indazol-6-yl)methylamino)-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)-2-methyl- GW786034 PAZOPANIB Pazopanib 漏斗胸 Pectus excavatum is a structural deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage are shaped abnormally. This produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest. It can either be present at birth or develop after puberty. Pectus excavatum can impair cardiac and respiratory function and cause pain in the chest and back. People with the condition may experience severe negative psychosocial effects and avoid activities that expose the chest.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectus_excavatum 永久性甲状旁腺功能减退症 Permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy is a rare but potentially serious iatrogenic complication. ... Recovery from permanent hypoparathyroidism was defined as return to normal serum levels of PTH (15-65 pg/mL) and calcium (8.5-10.1 mg/dL) without calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25905773 永久性喉返神经损伤 Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Vocal cord paresis was defined as a dysfunction of the vocal cord mobility compared to the contralateral one, based on postoperative fiberoptic laryngoscopy. ... RLN injury lasting more than 1 year was classified as permanent injury. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5413231/ A collection of information about a person's health. It may include information about allergies, illnesses and surgeries, and dates and results of physical exams, tests, screenings, and immunizations. It may also include information about medicines taken and about diet and exercise. 个人疾病史 A record of a patient's background regarding health and the occurrence of disease events of the individual. In addition, personal medical history may be a variable in epidemiologic studies. C18772 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C18772 General Medical History History Medical History Past Medical History personal health record 弓形足 Pes cavus, also known as high arch, is a human foot type in which the sole of the foot is distinctly hollow when bearing weight. That is, there is a fixed plantar flexion of the foot. A high arch is the opposite of a flat foot and is somewhat less common. 尿磷 A determination of the amount of phosphorus being excreted in urine over a defined period of time. C117845 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C117845 Phosphorus Urine Excretion Rate 膈神经损伤 Damage to the phrenic nerve. C99016 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C99016 Phrenic Nerve Injury 生理特征 Physiological characteristics derives from the structural information of the human body. Fingerprint, Face, Ear, Iris, Retina, Palmprint, Veins etc. falls under the physiolosical traits. https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/human-ear-recognition-system/43370 垂体疾病 A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the pituitary gland. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include pituitary gland hypoplasia and apoplexy. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include pituitary gland adenoma and carcinoma. C26854 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26854 Pituitary Gland Disease Pituitary Gland Disorder Pituitary disease A tumor that forms in the pituitary gland. The pituitary is a pea-sized organ in the center of the brain above the back of the nose. It makes hormones that affect other glands and many body functions, especially growth. Most pituitary tumors are benign (not cancer). 垂体瘤 A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the pituitary gland. The vast majority are adenomas arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. C3330 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3330 Neoplasm of Pituitary Neoplasm of Pituitary Gland Neoplasm of the Pituitary Neoplasm of the Pituitary Gland Pituitary Gland Neoplasm Pituitary Gland Tumor Pituitary Neoplasm Pituitary Tumor Tumor of Pituitary Tumor of Pituitary Gland Tumor of the Pituitary Tumor of the Pituitary Gland pituitary tumor 高原 In geology and physical geography, a plateau ( /pləˈtoʊ/, /plæˈtoʊ/ or /ˈplætoʊ/; plural plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain, that is raised significantly above the surrounding area, often with one or more sides with steep slopes. Plateaus can be formed by a number of processes, including upwelling of volcanic magma, extrusion of lava, and erosion by water and glaciers. Plateaus are classified according to their surrounding environment as intermontane, piedmont, or continental. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau 铂类 An element with atomic symbol Pt, atomic number 78, and atomic weight 195.09. C756 URL:https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C756 C.I. 77795 PLATINUM Platinum Platinum Metallicum Pt platinum 多形性巨细胞型 Carcinoma comprised of markedly pleomorphic epithelioid and giant cells http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/esophaguspleomorphic.html 低分化型甲状腺癌 An adenocarcinoma arising from the thyroid gland showing only limited evidence of follicular cell differentiation. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma cells are arranged in insular, solid, and trabecular patterns. There is associated necrosis, and vascular invasion. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage, complete or partial surgical removal of the tumor, and the degree of response to radioactive iodine therapy. (adapted from WHO Tumors of Endocrine Organs, IARC Press, Lyon 2004) C6040 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C6040 Insular Carcinoma PDTC Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma An imaging technique that utilizes positron emission tomography and computed tomography in a single machine. 正电子发射断层扫描 An imaging technique that utilizes positron emission tomography and computed tomography in a single machine. C103512 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C103512 PET-CT Scan PET/CT SCAN Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Scan Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography 后支 The posterior branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends deep to posterior cricoarytenoid to join the descending branch of the internal laryngeal nerve. The ansa Galeni, lying on the interarytenoid muscles, forms a direct connection between the recurrent and internal laryngeal nerves https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780702052309000352?scrollTo=%23hl0000639 碘盐 C87200 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C87200 Iodic Acid (HIO3) Potassium Salt (1:1) Iodic Acid (HIO3), Potassium Salt Iodic Acid, Potassium Salt POTASSIUM IODATE Potassium Iodate Hyperparathyroidism due to a condition originating within the parathyroid glands, resulting in hypercalcemia due to increased release of calcium and phosphate from bone matrix, increased renal calcium reabsorption, and increased renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which increases intestinal absorption of calcium. Primary hyperparathyroidism is also associated with hypophosphatemia as a result of phosphaturia. Clinical features include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, depression, and, if chronic, bone pain, osteoporosis, cystic bone lesions, and kidney stones. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症 Hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands resulting in the overproduction of parathyroid hormone. It is caused by parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid carcinoma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. It is associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Signs and symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, depression, bone pain, osteoporosis, cystic bone lesions, and kidney stones. C48280 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48280 PHPT Primary Hyperparathyroidism 预防性淋巴结清扫 A prophylactic dissection is the clearance of a clinically uninvolved nodal basin https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001681 预防性甲状腺切除术 Prophylactic thyroidectomy may be performed for patients with a history of familial medullary carcinoma (familial MTC, MEN2, or variants) if a germline mutation in the RET proto-oncogene has been detected. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323065160100347?scrollTo=%23hl0000489 AKT信号通路 Expressed in diverse tissues, Protein Kinase B (AKT/RAC Family) is a group (Alpha, Beta and Gamma) of cytoplasmic serine/threonine enzymes that covalently transfer the terminal, gamma phosphate group from ATP to a variety of substrate proteins and regulate cell signaling responses to insulin, PDGF, and IGF1 (through PI3K) involved in cell survival, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, glycogen synthesis, and glucose uptake. C41625 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C41625 AKT Akt Protein Kinase B protein kinase B 激酶抑制剂 A protein kinase inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases. Protein kinases are enzymes that add a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein, and can modulate its function. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_inhibitor 近端肌无力 These typical phenotypic features of MEN 2B include proximal muscle weakness https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 瘙痒 An intense itching sensation. C3344 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3344 Itch Itching Itching (pruritus) Pruritus pruritus 肺纤维化 Chronic progressive interstitial lung disorder characterized by the replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue, leading to progressive dyspnea, respiratory failure, or right heart failure. Causes include chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to environmental irritants, radiation therapy, autoimmune disorders, certain drugs, or it may be idiopathic (no identifiable cause). C26869 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26869 Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis Pulmonary fibrosis 锥状叶 A conical thyroid gland lobe. When it is present, it usually arises from the isthmus. C33437 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C33437 Pyramidal Lobe Pyramidal Lobe of the Thyroid 放射性碘抵抗疾病 If empiric RAI therapy is given and the posttherapy scan is negative, the patient should be considered to have RAI-refractory disease and no further RAI therapy should be administered. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 甲状腺滤泡细胞发生大鼠肉瘤癌基因 A family of genes that encode structurally similar small GTPases involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways. Mutation of genes in this family is associated with cancer. C25784 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25784 RAS Family Gene ras gene family 转染重排基因 RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with RET include Thyroid Carcinoma, Familial Medullary and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type Iia. Among its related pathways are RET signaling and Innate Immune System. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include calcium ion binding and protein kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PDGFRA. C18257 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=RET&keywords=RET CDHF12 CDHR16 Cadherin Family Member 12 Cadherin-Related Family Member 16 EC 2.7.10 EC 2.7.10.1 HSCR1 Hirschsprung Disease 1 MEN2A MEN2B MTC1 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia And Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 1 PTC Proto-Oncogene C-Ret Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Receptor Ret RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase RET-ELE1 RET51 Rearranged During Transfection Ret Proto-Oncogene Ret Proto-Oncogene (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia And Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 1, Hirschsprung Disease) An arbitrary classification of a taxonomic group that is a division of a species. It usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species and is characterized by shared heredity, physical attributes and behavior, and in the case of humans, by common history, nationality, or geographic distribution. (NCI) 种族 An arbitrary classification of a taxonomic group that is a division of a species. It usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species and is characterized by shared heredity, physical attributes and behavior, and in the case of humans, by common history, nationality, or geographic distribution. C17049 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17049 RACE Race Racial Group race 放射性甲状腺炎 Radiation-induced thyroiditis is a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma. It affects 1% of those who have received radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy for Graves' Disease, typically presenting between 5 and 10 days after the procedure.[1] Stored T3 and T4 are released as rapid destruction of thyroid tissue occurs, resulting in pain, tenderness, and exacerbation of hyperthyroidism. (Wikipedia) 射频消融 A therapeutic procedure to kill tissue using radiowaves to generate heat. The procedure is performed by the insertion of an electrode into a target tissue. Electrical energy delivered to the electrode heats and destroys the tissue. C15666 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15666 RFA Radiofrequency Ablation Radiofrequency Interstitial Ablation radiofrequency ablation 放射免疫疗法 Treatment with a radioactive substance that is linked to an antibody so that it will attach to a tumor when injected into the body. C15355 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15355 Immunoradiotherapy Immunotherapy, Cancer, Radioisotope Radioimmunotherapy radioimmunotherapeutics radioimmunotherapy An unstable isotope of an element that decays or disintegrates spontaneously, emitting energy (radiation). 碘放射性同位素诊断试验 A version of a chemical element that has an unstable nucleus and emits radiation during its decay to a stable form. C799 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C799 RADIOISOTOPE Radioisotope Radionuclide radioisotope radionuclide An imaging technique that uses a small dose of a radioactive chemical (isotope) called a tracer that can detect sites of cancer growth, trauma, infection or degenerative disorders. The tracer, which is either injected into a vein or swallowed, travels through the bloodstream to the target organ, and emits gamma rays, which are detected by a gamma camera and analyzed by a computer to form an image of the target organ. 甲状腺显像 An imaging technique that uses a small dose of a radioactive chemical (isotope) called a tracer that can detect sites of cancer growth, trauma, infection or degenerative disorders. The tracer, which is either injected into a vein or swallowed, travels through the bloodstream to the target organ, and emits gamma rays, which are detected by a gamma camera and analyzed by a computer to form an image of the target organ. C62667 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C62667 Radionuclide Imaging Radionuclide Scanning SCINTIGRAPHY Scan Scanning Scintigraphy nuclear medicine scan radioimaging radionuclide scanning scintigraphy 喉返神经 The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. There are two recurrent laryngeal nerves, right and left, in the human body. The right and left nerves are not symmetrical, with the left nerve looping under the aortic arch, and the right nerve looping under the right subclavian artery then traveling upwards. They both travel alongside of the trachea. Additionally, the nerves are one of few nerves that follow a recurrent course, moving in the opposite direction to the nerve they branch from, a fact from which they gain their name. The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords, gives cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus, and branches to the trachea, esophagus and the inferior constrictor muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscles that can open the vocal cords, are innervated by this nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerves are the nerves of the sixth pharyngeal arch. The existence of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was first documented by the physician Galen. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve RLN 喉返神经损伤 Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. C103171 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C103171 Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury 复发风险评估系统 the risk stratification system of having recurrent or persistent disease https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 地域 An area or portion of something with more or less definite boundaries designed or specified according to some established biological, administrative, economic, demographic, etc. criteria. C41129 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C41129 Region 局部淋巴结转移 he ATA lowand intermediate-risk categories are further characterized on the basis of respective clinical or pathologic features, such as the size of the primary tumor, number and size of locoregional lymph node metastases (as well as extranodal extension), specific histologic variant, vascular invasion, extent of extrathyroidal extension, or other potentially important factors https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 报告系统 Reporting of information is a critical process in any organization. Information is used to let stakeholders know about the status of the project. They also use it to make good decision Project management reporting is complicated and it often involves multistage activities. The activities that are involved in management reporting include general documentation, financial control, business presentations and email communications. The project managers need to treat the information as harvestable data which can be summarized and interpreted using reporting systems. https://project-management-knowledge.com/definitions/r/reporting-systems/ 生育史 An account of all reproductive events and problems a person has experienced. An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage. C17655 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17655 Reproductive Factors Reproductive History Reproductive Issues 手术切除 C158758 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C158758 Resection Surgical Resection 呼吸功能损伤 Respiratory compromise describes a deterioration in respiratory function with a high likelihood of rapid progression to respiratory failure and death.[1] Respiratory failure occurs when inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system occurs, with a low oxygen level or a high carbon dioxide level.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_compromise 误吸 Accidental inhalation of a foreign material into the lungs. C83507 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C83507 Aspiration Respiratory Tract Aspiration Unintentional Material Aspiration 对治疗反应的类别 Prediction of Response to Therapy C1514305 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C18954 Prediction of Response to Therapy The cone-like lobe of the thyroid gland that is located in the right side of the trachea. (NCI) 右叶 The cone-like lobe of the thyroid gland that is located in the right side of the trachea. C33491 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C33491 Right Lobe Right Thyroid Gland Lobe THYROID GLAND RIGHT LOBE In genetics, the likelihood that a hereditary trait or disorder present in one family member will occur again in other family members. This is distinguished from recurrence risk for cancer, which is the chance that a cancer that has been treated will recur. 复发风险分层 Recurrence Risk URL:https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C94368 C2986492 Recurrence Risk recurrence risk SRGAP1 (SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase Activating Protein 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SRGAP1 include Thyroid Cancer, Nonmedullary, 2 and Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia. Among its related pathways are Signaling by Rho GTPases and Axon guidance. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTPase activator activity and Rac GTPase binding. An important paralog of this gene is SRGAP3. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=SRGAP1&keywords=SRGAP1 ARHGAP13 KIAA1304 NMTC2 Rho GTPase-Activating Protein 13 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase Activating Protein 1 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-Activating Protein 1 SrGAP1 A mark left (usually on the skin) by the healing of injured tissue. 瘢痕形成 A permanent mark left on the skin in the process of wound healing. C34483 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C34483 SCAR Scar Scarring 海产品 Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. clams), crustaceans (e.g. shrimps), and echinoderms (e.g. sea urchins). Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. Edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in Asia. In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term "seafood" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as "seafood".(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood sea food 择区性淋巴结清扫术 A surgical procedure in which the fibrofatty contents of the neck are removed in patients with clinically negative nodal disease in which there is a high risk of occult metastases. C51786 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C51786 Selective Neck Dissection of Cervical Lymph Nodes 血清肿 A collection of serum in the body. C50739 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C50739 Seroma 血清降钙素 Calcitonin is a 32–amino acid polypeptide secreted by the parafollicular cells, or C cells, located superolaterally in each thyroid lobe. Calcitonin acts on the surface receptors of osteoclasts to inhibit calcium absorption and to lower peripheral serum calcium levels. Increased peripheral levels of serum calcium stimulate calcitonin secretion, which can be stimulated clinically by the infusion of calcium, pentagastrin, and alcohol. In normal human physiology, calcitonin does not appear to have a significant role. Patients with clinical calcitonin excess syndromes, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), usually have little alteration in peripheral calcium metabolism https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001159 血清钙 A quantitative measurement of the amount of calcium present in a sample of serum. C61020 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61020 Serum Calcium Serum Calcium Measurement 血镁 A quantitative measurement of the amount of magnesium present in a sample of serum. C61035 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61035 Serum Magnesium Measurement 血磷 The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood. www.ucsfhealth.org/tests/003478.html 单发 one of Ultrasonographic features of calcification in thyroid cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 跳跃性转移 A discontinuous spread of malignancy in which uninvolved contiguous regions are interspersed with foci of involvement. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/skip+metastases 吸烟 The act of puffing and/or inhaling the combustion products of a substance so as to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. C154329 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C154329 Smoking 实性 The state in which a substance has no tendency to flow under moderate stress; resists forces (such as compression) that tend to deform it; and retains a definite size and shape. C45300 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C45300 孤立结节 only one nodule of thyroid C41004 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C41004 https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed Solitary Nodule 索拉非尼 A synthetic compound targeting growth signaling and angiogenesis. Sorafenib blocks the enzyme RAF kinase, a critical component of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that controls cell division and proliferation; in addition, sorafenib inhibits the VEGFR-2/PDGFR-beta signaling cascade, thereby blocking tumor angiogenesis. C61948 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61948 BA4 43 9006 BAY 43-9006 Bay-439006 SORAFENIB Sorafenib sorafenib 副神经 The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is considered the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves, or simply cranial nerve XI, as part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. The sternocleidomastoid muscle tilts and rotates the head, while the trapezius muscle, connecting to the scapula, acts to shrug the shoulder. C12911 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_nerve https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12911 Spinal Accessory Nerve 梭形细胞型 Spindle cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs and that contains long spindle-shaped cells. It is also called sarcomatoid carcinoma. C53643 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_cell_carcinoma https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C53643 Spindle Cell Pattern 梭形细胞和鳞状细胞 still of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma may show a more pure population of spindle and squamoid cells https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2012.0302?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 海绵状 a description of the nodule’s sonographic features https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 散发性甲状腺髓样癌 A non-hereditary medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland not associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. The majority of thyroid gland medullary carcinomas are sporadic. C46098 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C46098 Sporadic Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma 鳞状细胞 Flat cell that looks like a fish scale under a microscope. These cells cover inside and outside surfaces of the body. They are found in the tissues that form the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body (such as the bladder, kidney, and uterus), and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.(NCI-GLOSS Definition) C12849 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12849 Squamous Cell Squamous Cells squamous cell Stage III includes: 55 years and older: T4a, Any N, M0. T4a: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140972 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140972 Stage III Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer Stage III Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage III includes: 55 years and older: T4a, Any N, M0. T4a: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140995 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140995 Stage III Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer;Stage III Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage III includes: T1-3, N1a, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3: Tumor measuring 4 cm or more in greatest dimension or with extrathyroidal extension. N1a: Metastasis to level VI or VII (pretracheal, paratracheal, or prelaryngeal/Delphian, or upper mediastinal) lymph nodes. This can be unilateral or bilateral disease. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141045 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141045 Stage III Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage III Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage III includes: 55 years and older: T4a, Any N, M0. T4a: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140983 III Stage III Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Stage III Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140983 Stage II includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M1; 55 years and older: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140969 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140969 Stage II Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer Stage II Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage II includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M1; 55 years and older: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140991 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140991 Stage II Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer;Stage II Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3: Tumor measuring 4 cm or more in greatest dimension or with extrathyroidal extension. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141044 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141044 Stage II Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage II Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage II includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M1; 55 years and older: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140980 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140980 II Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVA includes: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140974 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140974 Stage IVA Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer;Stage IVA Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVA includes: T1-T3a, N0/NX, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141001 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141001 Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v8 Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Cancer Stage IVA includes: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140997 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140997 Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer;Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVA includes: (T4a, Any N, M0); (T1-3, N1b, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3: Tumor measuring 4 cm or more in greatest dimension or with extrathyroidal extension. T4a: Moderately advanced disease; tumor of any size with gross extrathyroidal extension into the nearby tissues of the neck, including subcutaneous soft tissue, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral lateral neck lymph nodes levels I, II, III, IV, or V or retropharyngeal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141047 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141047 Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 C140985 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140985 IVA Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVB includes: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140975 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140975 Stage IVB Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer;Stage IVB Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVB includes: (T1-T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, Any N, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. T4: Tumor of any size with gross extrathyroidal extension. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141003 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141003 Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v8 Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Cancer Stage IVB includes: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140998 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140998 Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer;Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Very advanced disease; tumor of any size with extension towards the spine or into nearby large blood vessels, invading the prevertebral fascia, or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141048 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141048 Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVB includes: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140986 IVB Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140986 Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141004 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141004 Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v8 Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Cancer Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141049 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141049 Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IV includes: IVA: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0; IVB: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140973 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140973 Stage IV Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer Stage IV Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IV includes: IVA: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0; IVB: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140996 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140996 Stage IV Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer;Stage IV Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, Any N, M0); (T1-3, N1b, M0); IVB: (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3: Tumor measuring 4 cm or more in greatest dimension or with extrathyroidal extension. T4a: Moderately advanced disease; tumor of any size with gross extrathyroidal extension into the nearby tissues of the neck, including subcutaneous soft tissue, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. T4b: Very advanced disease; tumor of any size with extension towards the spine or into nearby large blood vessels, invading the prevertebral fascia, or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels. N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral lateral neck lymph nodes levels I, II, III, IV, or V or retropharyngeal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141046 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141046 Stage IV Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage IV Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage IV includes: IVA: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0; IVB: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140984 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140984 IV Stage IV Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Stage IV Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage I includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M0. 55 years and older: (T1, N0/NX, M0); (T2, N0/NX, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140966 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140966 Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Cancer;Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage I includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M0. 55 years and older: (T1, N0/NX, M0); (T2, N0/NX, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140988 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140988 Stage I Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer Stage I Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C141043 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141043 Stage I Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Stage I Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8 Stage I includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M0. 55 years and older: (T1, N0/NX, M0); (T2, N0/NX, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C140977 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140977 I Stage I Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Stage I Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8 分期系统 A systematic method for clinicopathologic evaluation of tumors. C18004 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C18004 Staging System 立体定向放射治疗 Stereotactic radiation therapy in which one or several maximum dose radiation treatments are delivered targeting cancers of the body, excluding the brain or spine. C118286 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C118286 SABR SBRT Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy stereotactic body radiation therapy 胸锁乳突肌自体移植 human parathyroid autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscle https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781437722277000010?scrollTo=%23hl0000483 胸锁乳突肌 The sternocleidomastoid muscle is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the accessory nerve. It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates at the manubrium of the sternum (sterno-) and the clavicle (cleido-), and has an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternocleidomastoid_muscle 刺激性血清降钙素 stimulated calcitonin levels are sensitive markers for primary or recurrent MTC. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001159 结构性不完全反应 A structural incomplete response may lead to additional treatments or ongoing observation depending on multiple clinico-pathologic factors including the size, location, rate of growth, RAI avidity, 18FDG avidity, and specific pathology of the structural lesions. http://eguideline.guidelinecentral.com/i/631815-differentiated-thyroid-cancer/21? Self-limited thyroiditis presumed to be caused by a viral infection. 亚急性甲状腺炎 Self-limited inflammation of the thyroid gland. The clinical course includes an initial phase of hyperthyroidism, followed by a phase of hypothyroidism, and eventually a return to normal thyroid function. This category includes the subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis and subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. C35071 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35071 Subacute Thyroiditis 亚临床型甲状腺毒症 Subclinical thyrotoxicosis may be defined as a low serum thyrotrophin (TSH) concentration in an asymptomatic patient with normal serum free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. https://pmj.bmj.com/content/77/903/29 甲状腺近全切除术 Subtotal thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure, in which the surgeon leaves a small thyroid remnant in situ to preserve thyroid function, thereby preventing lifelong thyroid hormone supplementation therapy. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2012/548796/ 舒尼替尼 An indolinone derivative and tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Sunitinib blocks the tyrosine kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (PDGFRb), and c-kit, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. This agent also inhibits the phosphorylation of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), another receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by some leukemic cells. sunitinib C71622 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C71622 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-((Z)-(5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-Sunitinib SUNITINIB 喉上神经 The cricothyroid muscles are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. All other intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The superior laryngeal nerve consists of two branches: the internal laryngeal nerve (sensory), which supplies sensory fibers to the laryngeal mucosa, and the external laryngeal nerve (motor), which innervates the cricothyroid muscle. The recurrent laryngeal nerve gets its name from the fact that it loops below the aorta on its way to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under and around the aorta on its way to the larynx, whereas the right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under and around the subclavian artery. Because the aorta is inferior to the subclavian artery, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a bit longer than the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. However, there is no discernible effect on the timing of neural impulses to the muscles these two nerves serve. By comparison with the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the superior laryngeal nerve takes a more direct route on the way to the cricothyroid muscles.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve EBSLN 甲状腺上动脉 The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_thyroid_artery 甲状腺上静脉 The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_thyroid_vein 手术 The branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures. C17173 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17173 Surgery 手术并发症 the bulk of the literature supports increased complication rates, mainly recurrent laryngeal paralysis and permanent hypoparathyroidism with bilateral thyroid surgery when compared with unilateral surgery https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781437722277000307?scrollTo=%23hl0000660 生存护理计划 A document that contains a history of an individual's cancer treatment history as well as guidelines for monitoring and maintaining their health, including the need for future check-ups and cancer tests. The information may also include potential long-term late effects of the treatment received. C157525 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C157525 Survivorship Care Plan 可疑恶性的 A microscopic finding indicating the presence of a cellular infiltrate or isolated cells that have features suspicious for malignancy. C121869 Atypical and/or suspicious Suspicious Suspicious for Malignancy 临床表现 A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls",from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is apparent to a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease. A symptom can be subjective or objective. Tiredness is a subjective symptom whereas cough or fever are objective symptoms. In contrast to a symptom, a sign is a clue to a disease elicited by an examiner or a doctor. C157617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C157617 Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings, NEC 突触小泡蛋白 Synaptophysin (313 aa, ~34 kDa) is encoded by the human SYP gene. This protein is involved in the targeting of synaptic vesicles C101146 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C101146 Major Synaptic Vesicle Protein p38 SYP Synaptophysin 系统性治疗 Chemotherapy where the agent travels throughout the body by blood circulation. C64261 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C64261 Systemic Chemotherapy systemic chemotherapy T0期 A primary tumor TNM finding indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. C48719 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48719 T0 T0 Cancer Stage Finding T0 Primary Tumor Finding T0 Primary Tumor Stage Finding T0 Stage T0 Stage Finding T0 TNM Finding T0 Tumor Finding T0 Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T0 T1期 A clinical and/or pathologic primary tumor TNM finding indicating that the cancer is limited to the site of growth. C48720 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48720 C T1 T1 Cancer Stage Finding T1 Primary Tumor Finding T1 Primary Tumor Stage Finding T1 Stage T1 Stage Finding T1 TNM Finding T1 Tumor Finding T1 Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T1 T1a期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of a primary tumor limited to the site of growth. The definition of T1a TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for breast cancer it refers to a primary tumor that is more than 0.1cm, but not more than 0.5 cm in greatest dimension; for kidney cancer it refers to a primary tumor that is 4 cm or less in greatest dimension; and for thyroid cancer it refers to a primary tumor that is 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. C48721 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48721 T1a T1a Cancer Stage Finding T1a Primary Tumor Finding T1a Primary Tumor Stage Finding T1a Stage T1a Stage Finding T1a TNM Finding T1a Tumor Finding T1a Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T1a T1b期 T2期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of primary tumor growth beyond the level of in situ cancer, minimal subepithelial invasion, or minimal greatest diameter. The definition of T2 TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for breast cancer it refers to primary tumor that is more than 2.0 cm, but not more than 5.0 cm in greatest dimension; for cutaneous melanoma it refers to primary tumor that is 1.01 to 2 mm in thickness, with or without ulceration; for colorectal cancer it refers to primary tumor with invasion into the muscularis propria; and for bladder cancer it refers to primary tumor with invasion into the muscle layer. C48724 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48724 C T2 T2 Cancer Stage Finding T2 Primary Tumor Finding T2 Primary Tumor Stage Finding T2 Stage T2 Stage Finding T2 TNM Finding T2 Tumor Finding T2 Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T2 T3期 A clinical and/or pathologic primary tumor TNM finding usually indicating that the cancer is locally invasive, without infiltration of adjacent structures. C48728 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48728 T3 T3 Cancer Stage Finding T3 Primary Tumor Finding T3 Primary Tumor Stage Finding T3 Stage T3 Stage Finding T3 TNM Finding T3 Tumor Finding T3 Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T3 T3a期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of a primary tumor usually indicating that the cancer is locally invasive. The definition of T3a TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for kidney cancer it refers to a primary tumor that grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches or the tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but does not extends beyond Gerota's fascia; for cervical cancer it refers to a primary tumor that involves the lower third of vagina, without extension to pelvic wall; for liver cancer it refers to the presence of multiple tumors measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. C48729 T3a T3a Cancer Stage Finding T3a Primary Tumor Finding T3a Primary Tumor Stage Finding T3a Stage T3a Stage Finding T3a TNM Finding T3a Tumor Finding T3a Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T3a https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48729 T3b期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of a primary tumor usually indicating that the cancer is locally invasive. The definition of T3b TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for kidney cancer it refers to a primary tumor that grossly extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm; for cervical cancer it refers to a primary tumor that extends to the pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney; for liver cancer it refers to a single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. C48730 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48730 T3b T3b Cancer Stage Finding T3b Primary Tumor Finding T3b Primary Tumor Stage Finding T3b Stage T3b Stage Finding T3b TNM Finding T3b Tumor Finding T3b Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T3b T4期 A clinical and/or pathologic primary tumor TNM finding indicating direct invasion of adjacent structures by cancer. C48732 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48732 T4 T4 Cancer Stage Finding T4 Primary Tumor Finding T4 Primary Tumor Stage Finding T4 Stage T4 Stage Finding T4 TNM Finding T4 Tumor Finding T4 Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T4 T4a期 A general term that refers to a TNM finding of a primary tumor with direct invasion of adjacent structures. The definition of T4a TNM finding depends on the specific type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for bladder cancer it refers to a primary tumor that invades the prostatic stroma, uterus, and vagina; for gastric cancer it refers to a primary tumor that invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum); for colorectal cancer it refers to a primary tumor that penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. C48733 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C48733 T4a T4a Cancer Stage Finding T4a Primary Tumor Finding T4a Primary Tumor Stage Finding T4a Stage T4a Stage Finding T4a TNM Finding T4a Tumor Finding T4a Tumor Stage Tumor Stage T4a T4b期 端粒酶逆转录酶基因 TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TERT include Dyskeratosis Congenita, Autosomal Dominant 2 and Pulmonary Fibrosis And/Or Bone Marrow Failure, Telomere-Related, 1. Among its related pathways are Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection and HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and tRNA binding. C18173 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TERT&keywords=TERT CMM9 DKCA2 DKCB4 EC 2.7.7 EC 2.7.7.49 EST2 HEST2 HTRT PFBMFT1 TCS1 TP2 TRT Telomerase Catalytic Subunit Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Telomerase-Associated Protein 2 TNM分期 A system for clinicopathologic evaluation of tumors based on the extent of tumor involvement at the primary site (T, followed by a number indicating size and depth of invasion), and lymph node involvement (N) and metastasis (M) each followed by a number starting at 0 for no evident metastasis; numbers used depend on the organ involved and influence the prognosis and choice of treatment. C25384 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25384 AJCC staging system C TNM TNM Staging TNM Staging System TNM staging system TP53 (Tumor Protein P53) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TP53 include Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and Osteogenic Sarcoma. Among its related pathways are Gastric cancer and RET signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and protein heterodimerization activity. An important paralog of this gene is TP73. C17359 https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TP53&keywords=TP53 Antigen NY-CO-13 BCC7 BMFS5 Cellular Tumor Antigen P53 LFS1 Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Mutant Tumor Protein 53 P53 P53 Tumor Suppressor Phosphoprotein P53 TRP53 Transformation-Related Protein 53 Tumor Protein 53 Tumor Protein P53 Tumor Suppressor P53 Tumor Supressor P53 TSH抑制下甲状腺球蛋白 The serum thyroglobulin level was measured under TSH inhibition to evaluate the biochemical recurrence of thyroid cancer patients after operation. 促甲状腺激素抑制治疗 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Suppression. Patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer take a daily thyroid hormone replacement pill called levothyroxine (also known as T4). They take it both to avoid hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid condition) and to prevent growth or recurrence of their thyroid cancer. www.thyca.org/pap-fol/more/tsh-suppression/ T分期 One criteria of the TNM staging system. T refers to the extent of tumor involvement at the primary site (T, followed by a number indicating size and depth of invasion). C25728 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25728 T Category T Classification T Stage 高细胞型甲状腺乳头状癌 The tall cell variant is characterized by well-formed papillae that are covered by cells twice as tall as they are wide. 高细胞 A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of tall malignant follicular cells, arranged in papillary and trabecular patterns. Necrotic changes and high mitotic activity are present. C35558 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35558 Tall Cell Variant Papillary Carcinoma Tall Cell Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma 紫杉烷多烯紫杉醇 A type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division). Taxanes interfere with microtubules (cellular structures that help move chromosomes during mitosis). They are used to treat cancer. A taxane is a type of mitotic inhibitor and a type of antimicrotubule agent.(NCI-GLOSS Definition) C1490 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C1490 Taxane Compound Taxanes taxane 99m高锝酸盐 One of the radioactive isotopes of technetium, a gamma/beta-emitter with a half life of 6 hours. C1642 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C1642 TECHNETIUM TC-99M Tc 99m Technetium 99m Technetium TC-99m 暂时性喉返神经损伤 UNILATERAL RECURRENT LARYNGEAL nerve paralysis (URLNP) is a known complication of thyroid surgery. Even for experienced surgeons, a number of patients will have temporary laryngeal paralysis or paresis, which for some will become permanent (after 12 months) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15728196 伴随糖皮质激素治疗 Synthetically derived forms of the naturally occurring Glucocorticoids. C521 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C521 Glucocorticoid Therapeutic Glucocorticoid 治疗性淋巴结清扫 Because PTC is the most common thyroid carcinoma and has a high frequency of lymph node metastasis, operative planning must include consideration of cervical lymphadenectomy. When considering lymphadenectomy, distinctions should be made between the central neck (level VI) and the lateral neck and between therapeutic dissection and prophylactic dissection. A prophylactic dissection is the clearance of a clinically uninvolved nodal basin, whereas therapeutic dissection is lymph node dissection in the setting of proven nodal metastasis. C65003 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C65003 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001681 Therapeutic Lymphadenectomy The drug, device, therapy, or process under investigation in a clinical study that is believed to have an effect on outcomes of interest in a study (e.g., health-related quality of life, efficacy, safety, pharmacoeconomics). See also: test articles; devices; drug product; medicinal product; combination product. 治疗 An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. C49236 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C49236 TREAT TX Therapeutic Interventions Therapeutic Method Therapeutic Procedure Therapeutic Technique Therapy Treatment therapeutic intervention therapy 治疗性甲状腺手术 the goal of surgery should be to remove all the malignant neoplastic tissue present in the neck. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323297387000149?scrollTo=%23hl0001958 热消融 A procedure using heat to remove tissue or a part of the body, or destroy its function. For example, to remove the lining of the uterus, a catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, a balloon at the end of the catheter is inflated, and fluid inside the balloon is heated to destroy the lining of the uterus.(NCI-GLOSS Definition) C15670 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15670 Thermal Ablation Therapy thermal ablation 厚囊 Tumors prone to metastatic behavior often have a thick capsule and significant intratumoral fibrosis, and virtually all of them reveal vascular invasion or invasion of the tumor capsule. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 颈粗 typical phenotype features of thyroid cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 血栓形成 The formation of a blood clot in the lumen of a vessel or heart chamber; causes include coagulation disorders and vascular endothelial injury. C26891 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26891 Thrombosis A primary lymphoid organ generally located in the mediastinum near the thoracic inlet and/or along lateral aspects of the neck. 胸腺 A bi-lobed organ surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. It is located in the upper anterior portion of the chest, behind the sternum. It is composed predominantly of lymphocytes and fewer epithelial cells. Connective tissue septa separate the lobes into lobules. The lobules contain an outer portion (cortical zone) which is rich in lymphocytes and an inner portion (medullary zone) which is rich in epithelial cells. It is an organ essential for the development of the immune system. Its function is the maturation of the progenitor lymphoid cells to thymocytes and subsequently to mature T-cells. It reaches its greatest weight at puberty and subsequently begins to involute. C12433 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12433 Reticuloendothelial System, Thymus THYMUS THYMUS GLAND Thymus Thymus Gland thymus A measurement of the thyroglobulin in a biological specimen. 甲状腺球蛋白 The determination of the amount of the thyroglobulin in a sample. Thyroglobulin (2768 aa, ~305 kDa) is encoded by the human TG gene. This protein is involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. C103446 C2304 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C103446 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2304 TG TGLOB Thyroglobulin Thyroglobulin Measurement thyroglobulin 促甲状腺激素 A peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It promotes the growth of the thyroid gland and stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones and the release of thyroxine by the thyroid gland. C2280 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2280 TSH Thyreotrophic Hormone Thyreotropin Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Thyrotropic Hormone Thyrotropin thyroid-stimulating hormone 清灶治疗 used for treating distant metastasis, unresectable or residual papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and most cases of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) or Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC). https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323240987000381?scrollTo=%23hl0000437 Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibody Measurement 抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体 Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibody Measurement C81992 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C81992 THYATAB Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibodies Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibody Measurement 甲状腺血供 The thyroid is supplied with arterial blood from the superior thyroid artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, and the inferior thyroid artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, and sometimes by an anatomical variant the thyroid ima artery, which has a variable origin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid 甲状腺癌 Thyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland, a small gland at the base of the neck that produces hormones. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thyroid-cancer/ A term that refers to the staging of differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. C140965 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140965 Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage 甲状腺支配神经 Nerve innervation of thyroid gland https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001060 甲状腺功能检测 Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid.[1] TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy. It is also requested routinely in conditions linked to thyroid disease, such as atrial fibrillation and anxiety disorder. A TFT panel typically includes thyroid hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) and thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) depending on local laboratory policy. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_function_tests 未分化型甲状腺 A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells. The malignant cells demonstrate evidence of epithelial differentiation, either by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopic studies. Microscopically, in the majority of cases there is a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and giant cells. The vast majority of the patients present with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. The clinical course is usually aggressive. C3878 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3878 ATC Anaplastic Carcinoma of Thyroid Anaplastic Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Anaplastic Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma Dedifferentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Metaplastic Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Pleomorphic Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Sarcomatoid Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Carcinosarcoma Thyroid Gland Giant Cell Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Metaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Pleomorphic Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Gland Cancer Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Thyroid Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Undifferentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Undifferentiated Thyroid Tumor anaplastic thyroid cancer A term that refers to the staging of thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. C141000 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141000 Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage A disorder characterized by excessive levels of thyroid hormone in the body. Common causes include an overactive thyroid gland or thyroid hormone overdose. 甲状腺疾病 A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland. Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, follicular adenoma, and carcinoma. C26893 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26893 Thyroid Gland Disease Thyroid Gland Diseases Thyroid Gland Disorder Thyroid Gland disorders Thyroid disease A malignant neoplasia arising from follicular cells of the thyroid gland. 甲状腺滤泡状癌 A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. The nuclear features which characterize the thyroid gland papillary carcinoma are absent. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it comprises approximately 10% to 15% of thyroid cancers. Clinically, it usually presents as a solitary mass in the thyroid gland. It is generally unifocal and thickly encapsulated and shows invasion of the capsule or the vessels. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy. C8054 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C8054 CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CELL, MALIGNANT FTC Follicular Adenocarcinoma Follicular Cancer of Thyroid Follicular Cancer of Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer of the Thyroid Follicular Cancer of the Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma Follicular Carcinoma of Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Follicular Thyroid Cancer Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Follicular Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Follicular thyroid carcinoma Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Follicular Cancer Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma Well-Differentiated Follicular Adenocarcinoma Well-Differentiated Follicular Carcinoma Well-differentiated Follicular Adenocarcinoma Well-differentiated Follicular Carcinoma follicular thyroid cancer 甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞 An epithelial cell lining the thyroid follicles. C33783 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C33783 Thyroid Follicular Cell Thyroid Gland Follicular Cell thyroid follicular cell A term that refers to the staging of follicular thyroid gland carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. C140987 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140987 Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage 嗜酸细胞瘤 A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by the presence of large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei with prominent, eosinophilic nucleoli. The nuclear features that characterize the papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland are absent. C4946 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C4946 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Hurthle Cell Thyroid Gland Carcinoma The narrow, central portion of the thyroid gland that crosses the trachea anteriorly and connects the two lobes of the gland. (NCI) 峡部 The narrow, central portion of the thyroid gland that crosses the trachea anteriorly and connects the two lobes of the gland. C32887 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C32887 Central(levels 6-7) THYROID GLAND ISTHMUS Thyroid Gland isthmus isthmus Cancer that develops in C cells of the thyroid. The C cells make a hormone (calcitonin) that helps maintain a healthy level of calcium in the blood. 甲状腺髓样癌 A neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland. It is closely associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. Approximately 10% to 20% of medullary thyroid carcinomas are familial. Patients usually present with a thyroid nodule that is painless and firm. In the majority of cases nodal involvement is present at diagnosis. Surgery is the preferred treatment for both primary lesions and recurrences. This carcinoma is generally not very sensitive to radiation and almost unresponsive to chemotherapy. C3879 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3879 C Cell Carcinoma C-Cell Carcinoma CARCINOMA, C-CELL, MALIGNANT MTC Medullary Carcinoma Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Medullary Thyroid Cancer Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Medullary Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Medullary thyroid carcinoma Parafollicular Cell Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Medullary Cancer Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma medullary thyroid cancer A term that refers to the staging of thyroid gland medullary carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Differentiated and anaplastic thyroid gland carcinomas are staged according to the classification for thyroid-differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.) C14104 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C141042 Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage Cancer that forms in follicular cells in the thyroid and grows in small finger-like shapes. It grows slowly, is more common in women than in men, and often occurs before age 45. It is the most common type of thyroid cancer. 甲状腺乳头状癌 A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it is the most common malignant thyroid lesion, comprising 75% to 80% of all thyroid cancers in iodine sufficient countries. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy. Microscopically, the diagnosis is based on the distinct characteristics of the malignant cells, which include enlargement, oval shape, elongation, and overlapping of the nuclei. The nuclei also display clearing or have a ground glass appearance. C4035 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C4035 PTC Papillary Cancer of Thyroid Papillary Cancer of Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer of the Thyroid Papillary Cancer of the Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland Papillary Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, NOS Papillary Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Papillary thyroid carcinoma Thyroid Gland Papillary Cancer Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma papillary thyroid cancer A term that refers to the staging of papillary thyroid gland carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system C140976 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C140976 Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage;Tumor Stage (Pathologic) 甲状腺鳞状细胞癌 A rapidly growing primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of malignant squamous cells. The clinical course is usually aggressive. C46008 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C46008 Squamous Cell Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Thyroid Gland Squamous Cell Carcinoma 峡部切除术 Surgery involving excision of the isthmus of the thyroid gland. C51737 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C51737 Excision of Thyroid Isthmus Thyroid Isthmectomy 甲状腺侧叶切除术 Thyroid lobectomy typically includes removal of the thyroid isthmus and pyramidal lobe (if present) https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299879000369?scrollTo=%23hl0001826 清甲治疗 adioiodine ablation refers to the destruction of macroscopic functioning remnants of normal thyroid tissue remaining after subtotal thyroidectomy. https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323483193000043?scrollTo=%23hl0001355 A measurement of the thyrotropin receptor antibody in a biological specimen. 促甲状腺激素受体抗体 The determination of the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody present in a sample. C122158 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C122158 TSHRAB Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody Measurement Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody Thyrotropin Receptor Measurement 甲状腺结构 This gland is composed of right and left lobes and an isthmus and weighs ∼20 grams. As with all endocrine glands, it is highly vascularized to supply nutrients for hormone synthesis and blood flow for hormone transport. The functional units of the gland are the follicles ( Fig. 28.2 ). The follicular cells secrete thyroglobulin (Tg), the glycoprotein precursor to TH, into the follicular lumen, and the colloid is composed of modified Tg. The follicular cells are surrounded by a layer of epithelial cells. Scattered between the follicles are parafollicular cells, which produce calcitonin , or “C” cells (see “Main Sites of Calcium Regulation” in Chapter 31 ). G protein–coupled receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are found on the follicular cell basal membrane. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323358194000285?scrollTo=%23hl0000077 甲状腺转录因子 Thyroid transcription factor 1 (371 aa, ~39 kDa) is encoded by the human NKX2-1 gene. This protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. C73445 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C73445 Homeobox protein NK-2 homolog A Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 NKX2-1 TTF-1 Thyroid Transcription Factor Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Thyroid nuclear factor 1 甲状腺切除术 Surgery to remover part or all of the thyroid gland. C51648 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C51648 Thyroidectomy thyroidectomy 甲状腺素 A hormone synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland containing four iodine atoms and is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in the body, influencing metabolism and organ function. C2302 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2302 L-3,5,5'-tetraiodothyronine T4 Thyroxine thyroxin thyroxine Ti-Rads分级 The ultrasound features in the ACR TI-RADS are categorized as benign, minimally suspicious, moderately suspicious, or highly suspicious for malignancy. The point total determines the nodule’s ACR TI-RADS level, which ranges from TR1 (benign) to TR5 (high suspicion of malignancy). https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S1546144017301862?scrollTo=%231-s2.0-S1546144017301862-gr1 完全肠外营养 Total parenteral nutrition formulated for intravenous administration in patients who cannot eat or cannot get enough nutrients from the foods they eat. It is a liquid mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. C29484 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C29484 TPN Total Parenteral Nutrition hyperalimentation parenteral nutrition total parenteral nutrition 甲状腺全切除术 Surgery involving the complete excision of the thyroid gland. C51762 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C51762 Total Thyroidectomy 小梁结构 Tumors with insular, solid, or trabecular architecture, but lacking other diagnostic features of poorly differentiated carcinoma, do not demonstrate such an aggressive behavior and therefore should not be considered as poorly differentiated https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed The fibrocartilaginous tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi. 气管 The fibrocartilaginous, mucous-lined tube passing from the larynx to the bronchi. C12428 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C12428 TRACHEA Trachea Windpipe trachea windpipe 气管造口术 Creation of a surgical opening into the trachea. C15341 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15341 Tracheostomy Tracheostomy Procedure Tracheotomy tracheostomy 反式三碘甲状腺原氨酸 Anti-triiodothyronine, also known as 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, is a thyroid hormone existing in normal human serum. It is produced by T4 Deiodinating an iodine in the tyrosine ring of liver, kidney, pituitary gland and myocardium through the inner ring deiodinase. rT3 暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退症 A disorder of decreased production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland in a newborn. It is due to maternal hyperparathyroidism. It may be characterized by hypocalcemic seizures in the first weeks of life. C114907 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C114907 Transient Neonatal Hypoparathyroidism 脑转移的治疗 the treatment of brain metastases of thyroid cancer https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0360301612017245 A measurement of the total (free and bound) triiodothyronine in a biological specimen. 三碘甲状腺原氨酸 The determination of the amount of free and bound triiodothyronine present in a sample. C74747 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C74747 T3 Total T3 Triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine Measurement 肿瘤被膜浸润 Most of the encapsulated follicular variant papillary carcinomas show no invasive growth, whereas in about one-third of cases tumor capsule invasion, vascular invasion, or both are found. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 肿瘤坏死 A morphologic finding that indicates the presence of cells undergoing necrosis within a tumor. C35957 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35957 Tumor Cell Necrosis Tumor Necrosis 减瘤手术 The surgical removal of as much of a malignant tumor as is reasonably possible. This procedure increases the effectiveness of the subsequent administration of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. C15749 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C15749 Debulking Debulking Procedure Tumor Debulking debulking tumor debulking 肿瘤增大 typical phenotype features of thyroid cancer https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 肿瘤标记物 A substance present in or produced by a tumor or by the host, that can be used for differentiating neoplastic from normal tissue based on measurements in body fluids, secretions, cells, and/or tissues. Markers are used in diagnosis, staging and prognosis of cancer, provide an estimation of tumor burden, and serve for monitoring effects of therapy, detecting recurrence, localization of tumors, and screening in general populations. C17220 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17220 Tumor Marker Tumor Markers tumor marker 血管浸润 A term referring to the presence of tumor emboli or tumor masses within any circulatory vessel. C35939 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35939 Tumor Vascular Invasion 典型的颈侧区淋巴结清扫修正手术 Revision surgery for nodal recurrences in the neck represents the primary therapeutic option for patients, but does not come without risk. The most recent ATA guidelines attempt to balance the risk of locoregional advancing disease and that of the efficacy and morbidity of therapeutic intervention. 30 Recommendations for revision central neck dissection are to operate on nodal disease larger than 8 mm in the smallest dimension https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S1043181017301173 Being approximately average or within certain limits; conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm. U1正常 Being approximately average or within certain limits; conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm. C14165 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14165 NORMAL Normal For neoplasms, a non-infiltrating and non-metastasizing neoplastic process that is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (e.g., severe atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, and abnormal mitoses). For other conditions, a process that is mild in nature and not dangerous to health. U2良性 For neoplasms, a non-infiltrating and non-metastasizing neoplastic process that is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (e.g., severe atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, and abnormal mitoses). For other conditions, a process that is mild in nature and not dangerous to health. C14172 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14172 BENIGN Benign Negative for malignancy/normal/benign benign U3恶性可疑性不确定 The margin satisfies none of the other categories or cannot be determined with confidence. C157672 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C157672 Indeterminate Nodule Indeterminate Nodule Type U4可疑 An impression that something is possible or probable. C85902 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C85902 Suspicion Refers to abnormal cell activity manifested by decreased control over growth and function, causing tumor growth or spread into surrounding tissue and adverse effects to the host. U5恶性 Refers to abnormal cell activity manifested by decreased control over growth and function, causing tumor growth or spread into surrounding tissue and adverse effects to the host. C14143 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C14143 MALIGNANT Malignant malignant A technique in which high-frequency sound waves are bounced off internal organs and the echo pattern is converted into a 2 dimensional picture of the structures beneath the transducer. 超声 A technique in which high-frequency sound waves are bounced off internal organs and the echo pattern is converted into a 2 dimensional picture of the structures beneath the transducer. C17230 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C17230 2-Dimensional Grayscale Ultrasound Imaging 2-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging 2D-US ULTRASOUND US Ultrasonography Ultrasound Ultrasound Imaging Ultrasound Test Ultrasound, Medical ultrasonography ultrasound 超声特点 ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules that are associated with risk of cancer. The high-risk characteristics include nodules that are large, are hypoechoic, contain microcalcifications, have irregular borders, or are taller than they are wide. Ultrasound characteristics associated with a low risk of thyroid cancer include nodules with more cystic components and those that have clear borders or are spongiform. Ultrasound characteristics help to stratify the risk of thyroid cancer and are used to determine when fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is indicated https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323376914001415?scrollTo=%23hl0000069 不明类型 Problem associated with ambiguous, confusing information. C133644 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C133644 Unclear type 尿钙 A quantitative measurement of the total amount of calcium present in a sample of urine. C61046 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61046 Urine Calcium Measurement 尿镁 A quantitative measurement of the total amount of magnesium present in a sample of urine. C61049 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61049 Urine Magnesium Measurement VEGF介导的激酶抑制剂治疗 antibodies (anti–vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) should be considered as therapy of ATC. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323476744000682?scrollTo=%23hl0001679 VII区淋巴结清扫 The central neck includes lymph nodes in level VI and superior mediastinal nodes (previously referred to as level VII). https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455746965001238?scrollTo=%23hl0001692 VI区淋巴结清扫 Central compartment (level VI) neck dissection should be considered in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and suspected Hürthle cell carcinoma. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455746965001238?scrollTo=%23hl0000804 VIa区淋巴结清扫 VIb区淋巴结清扫 VIc区淋巴结清扫 VId区淋巴结清扫 VIe区淋巴结清扫 V区淋巴结清扫 Level V is the posterior triangle group, which includes lymph nodes around the lower portion of the spinal accessory nerve and along the transverse cervical vessels. It is bounded by the triangle formed by the clavicle, the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the anterior border of the trapezius muscle. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323415187000110?scrollTo=%23hl0001552 凡德他尼 An orally bioavailable 4-anilinoquinazoline. Vandetanib selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), thereby blocking VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and migration and reducing tumor vessel permeability. This agent also blocks the tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates tumor cell proliferation and migration and angiogenesis. C2737 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C2737 AZD6474 Caprelsa VANDETANIB Vandetanib ZD-6474 ZD6474 Zactima vandetanib 静脉 Of, or pertaining to, or contained in, or performing the function of the veins. C25291 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C25291 Venous 非常低度可疑恶性 Spongiform or partially cystic nodules without any of the sonographic features described in low, intermediate, or high suspicion patterns https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0002961017313673?scrollTo=%23tbl1 声带麻痹 Paralysis of the muscles of one or both vocal cords. Signs and symptoms include hoarseness, weak voice, dyspnea, and coughing. Affected individuals are at risk for aspiration pneumonia. C47814 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C47814 Vocal Cord Palsy Vocal Cord Paralysis 明显的声音改变 Change in the sound and/or speed of the voice. Causes include laryngeal polyp, laryngitis, laryngeal carcinoma, throat carcinoma, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, hypothyroidism, oral surgery, tracheostomy, tracheal injury, and laryngeal injury. C61043 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C61043 Change in Voice Voice Alteration Voice alteration 语音评估 A voice assessment is used to identify the cause, symptoms and impact of the voice disorder. It can be used by the speech and language therapist with any child who is having difficulty with their voice. Speech and language therapists can use the information from the assessment to create individual therapy programmes that help the child to use their voice appropriately as well as providing them with advice and techniques on how to stop their voice disorder from reoccurring or worsening. https://www.sltforkids.co.uk/speech-clinic/services/assessments/voice-assessment/ 呕吐 Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. C3442 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3442 Emesis Vomiting emesis vomit 体重下降 A reduction in total body weight. C3445 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C3445 Weight Decrease Weight Loss Weight loss 全身放射活性碘素扫描 A diagnostic technique which produces a two- dimensional image of a desired anatomical structure or region with the use of radionuclides. C19565 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C19565 Whole-Body Scintigraphy 密码子634 Common mutation sites in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 密码子883 Common mutation sites in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 外显子10 Common mutation exon loci in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 外显子15 Common mutation exon loci in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 外显子16 Common mutation exon loci in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 促甲状腺素刺激下的血清甲状腺球蛋白 Recombinant human (rh)TSH is a valid alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in the follow-up of patients who have received previous surgery for papillary or follicular thyroid cancer (differentiated thyroid cancer-DTC) [1 2] . RhTSH produces effective thyroid stimulation, is safe and avoids hypothyroidism-related side effects. https://www-clinicalkey-com.rpa.skh.org.tw/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0753332207000856 碘131标记的二价半抗原 a 131 I-labeled bivalent hapten in patients with metastatic progressive MTC (defined with Ct doubling time 2 years), overall survival was significantly longer compared to high-risk untreated historical controls https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821456/ 碘131治疗 Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment for an overactive thyroid, a condition called hyperthyroidism, and also may be used to treat thyroid cancer. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=radioiodine 131I therapy 25-羟维生素D Calcifediol, also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (abbreviated 25(OH)D),[1] is a prehormone that is produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase. Physicians worldwide measure this metabolite to determine a patient's vitamin D status.[2][3] At a typical daily intake of vitamin D3, its full conversion to calcifediol takes approximately 7 days.(Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcifediol A process by which a dose of radiation is automatically shaped to closely conform to the entire volume of the tumor, so that surrounding normal tissue is spared and treatment toxicity is decreased. (NCI) 三维适形放射治疗 A process by which a dose of radiation is automatically shaped to closely conform to the entire volume of the tumor, so that surrounding normal tissue is spared and treatment toxicity is decreased. C16035 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C16035 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3-dimensional radiation therapy 3D CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY 3D CRT 3D-CRT Conformal Therapy Radiation Conformal Therapy 双特异性单克隆抗体 A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb) consisting of the Fab fragment of an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (F6) coupled to the Fab fragment of an anti-DTPA-In monoclonal antibody (734) with potential radioimmunotherapeutic activity. In a two-step pretargeted radioimmunotherapeutic approach, this BsMAb, localizing to CEA-expressing tumor cells via the F6 Fab fragment, is introduced into patient first, followed by injection of indium 131-radiolabeled DTPA, which is recognized by the 734 Fab fragment of the BsMAb. Accordingly, a potentially lethal dose of indium 131 is delivered specifically to CEA-expressing tumor cells while minimizing radiotoxicity to normal tissues. CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is a tumor antigen overexpressed in many cancer types, including gastrointestinal, breast, non-small cell lung, and thyroid cancers. DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is a bivalent hapten. C68927 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C68927 Anti-CEA/Anti-DTPA-In (F6-734) Bispecific Antibody F6-734 BsMAb 副神经损伤 C58450 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C58450 Cranial Nerve XI Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE NERVES: CN XI (spinal accessory) intra-operative injury 龋齿 A disorder characterized by the decay of a tooth, in which it becomes softened, discolored and/or porous. C143402 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C143402 Dental Caries Dental Caries, CTCAE 大体切缘阴性（R1切除） R1 - cancer cells present microscopically at the resection margin (microscopic positive margin) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resection_margin 注射 Injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US English, or a "jab" in UK English) is the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.[1] Injection is a technique for delivering drugs by parenteral administration, that is, administration via a route other than through the digestive tract. Parenteral injection includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracardiac, intraarticular, and intracavernous injection. Injection is generally administered as a bolus, but can possibly be used for continuous drug administration as well.[2] Even when administered as a bolus, the medication may be long-acting, and can then be called depot injection. Administration by an indwelling catheter is generally preferred instead of injection in case of more long-term or recurrent drug administration. Injections are among the most common health care procedures, with at least 16 billion administered in developing and transitional countries each year.[3] 95% of injections are administered in curative care, 3% are for immunization, and the rest for other purposes, such as blood transfusions.[3] In some instances the term injection is used synonymously with inoculation even by different workers in the same hospital. This should not cause confusion; the focus is on what is being injected/inoculated, not the terminology of the procedure. Since the process inherently involves a small puncture wound to the body (with varying degrees of pain depending on injection type and location, medication type, needle gauge, the skill of the individual administering the injection and the sensitivity of who is being injected), fear of needles is a common phobia. (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_(medicine) 胰液素 Keratin cocktail that detects CK1 - 8, 10, 14 - 16 and 19, but does not detect CK17 or CK18 ;Often referred to in literature as "keratin" or "pankeratin", although this may also refer to Cytokeratin MNF116 ;May cross react with GFAP, leading to aberrant staining of glial tumors (ependymoma, glioblastoma, schwannoma, Mod Pathol 2006;19:115) ;Note: staining pattern of cocktail may be different than staining pattern of AE1 and AE3 separately, due to different pretreatment http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsae1ae3.html 磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶 An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. This is the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. This pathway is thought to play a critical role in DNA repair, V(D)J recombination and cell cycle checkpoints. (from LocusLink) C17270 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase EC 2.7.1.153 PI 3 Kinase PI3 Kinase PI3 kinase PI3-Kinase PI3K Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Type I Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Type III Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase 唾液腺破坏 C59083 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C59083 Salivary Gland Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE Salivary gland intra-operative injury 18氟脱氧葡萄糖扫描 Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography of the whole body with the use of the contrast agent sodium fluoride F 18 (18F-NaF) to enhance the image. C137906 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C137906 18F-NaF Whole-body PET/CT Scan NaF PET/CT WB PET/CT, Whole Body, Sodium Fluoride Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography of the Whole Body Sodium Fluoride WB PET-CT WB PET/CT Scan with Sodium Fluoride Whole Body 18F-NaF Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Whole Body Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography 微小浸润型（被囊型） A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland which shows capsular invasion only. C65200 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C65200 FTC,Minimally Invasive Thyroid Carcinoma,Minimally Invasive 广泛浸润型 A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland with extension into surrounding thyroid or extrathyroid tissues. C156123 https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C156123 FTC,Widely Invsive Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma，Widely Invasive 密码子918 Common mutation sites in medullary thyroid carcinoma https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.2008.0403 配体定向地诺单抗 the RANK ligand–directed agent denosumab have been shown to delay time to occurrence of subsequent skeletal-related adverse events (fracture, pain, neurologic complications) and to improve symptoms, and these agents may provide benefits for patient with diffuse bonemetastases https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed 重组人甲状腺促激素（甲状腺素）介导的碘131治疗 There are currently insufficient outcome data to recommend rhTSH-mediated therapy for all patients with distant metastatic disease being treated with 131I. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2015.0020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed